Chapter XXIII: Part 23

What little there is that is worth reading concerning American music is scattered through magazine articles and chapters in books upon other musical subjects. Daniel Gregory Mason has a sensible and illuminating chapter, “Music in America,” in his “Contemporary Composers.” The section, “America,” in Chapter XVI of the Stanford-Forsyth “History of Music” contrives to be tactful and at the same time just. Two books that should be read by any one interested in native composition are Cecil Forsyth’s “Music and Nationalism” and Lawrence Gilman’s “Edward MacDowell.” Rupert Hughes’s “Contemporary American Composers” is twenty years old, but still interesting; it contains sympathetic--not to say glowing--accounts of the lives and works of an incredibly large number of Americans who do and did pursue the art of musical composition. To know what an artist means when he asks to be understood read pages 240 and 241 of Cabell’s “Jurgen”--if you can get it; also the volume, “La Foire sur la Place,” of “Jean Christophe.”

D. T.

POETRY

Bodenheim, Maxwell: “Minna and Myself” (Pagan Publishing Co.); “Advice” (Alfred A. Knopf).

“H. D.”: “Sea-Garden” (Houghton Mifflin).

Eliot, T. S.: “Poems” (Alfred A. Knopf).

Fletcher, John Gould: “Irradiations: Sand and Spray” (Houghton Mifflin); “Goblins and Pagodas” (Houghton Mifflin); “The Tree of Life” (Macmillan); “Japanese Prints” (Four Seas Co.); “Breakers and Granite” (Macmillan).

Frost, Robert: “North of Boston” (Holt); “A Boy’s Will” (Holt); “Mountain Interval” (Holt).

Kreymborg, Alfred: “Plays for Poem-Mimes” (Others); “Blood of Things” (Nicholas Brown); “Plays for Merry Andrews” (Sunwise Turn).

Lindsay, Vachel: “The Congo” (Macmillan); “The Chinese Nightingale” (Macmillan).

Lowell, Amy: “Men, Women and Ghosts” (Houghton Mifflin); “Can Grande’s Castle” (Houghton Mifflin); “Pictures of the Floating World” (Houghton Mifflin); “Legends” (Houghton Mifflin).

Masters, Edgar Lee: “Spoon River Anthology” (Macmillan); “The Great Valley” (Macmillan); “Domesday Book” (Macmillan).

Pound, Ezra: “Umbra” (Elkin Matthews); “Lustra” (Alfred A. Knopf).

Robinson, Edwin Arlington: “Children of the Night” (Scribners); “The Town Down the River” (Scribners); “The Man Against the Sky” (Macmillan); “Merlin” (Macmillan); “Captain Craig” (Macmillan); “The Three Taverns” (Macmillan); “Avon’s Harvest” (Macmillan); “Lancelot” (Scott and Seltzer).

Sandburg, Carl: “Smoke and Steel” (Harcourt, Brace & Co.).

Stevens, Wallace: See “The New Poetry;” “Others” Anthology.

Teasdale, Sara: “Rivers to the Sea” (Macmillan).

Untermeyer, Louis: “The New Adam” (Harcourt, Brace & Co.); “Including Horace” (Harcourt, Brace & Co.).

Anthologies: “The New Poetry.” Edited by Harriet Monroe and Alice Corbin Henderson (Macmillan); “An American Miscellany” (Harcourt, Brace & Co.); “Others for 1919” edited by Alfred Kreymborg (A. A. Knopf); “Some Imagist Poets” First, Second and Third Series (Houghton Mifflin).

Criticism: Untermeyer, Louis, “The New Era in American Poetry” (Henry Holt), a comprehensive, lively, but sometimes misleading survey.

C. A.

ART

The reader may obtain most of the data on the history of American art from Samuel Isham’s “History of American Painting,” and Charles H. Caffin’s “Story of American Painting.” Very little writing of an analytical nature has been devoted to American art, and nearly all of it is devoid of a sense of perspective and of anything approaching a realization of the position that American work holds in relation to that of Europe. Outside of the writing that is only incompetent, there are the books and articles by men whose purpose is to “boost” the home product for nationalistic or commercial reasons. In contrast with all this is Mr. Roger E. Fry’s essay on Ryder, in the _Burlington Magazine_ for April, 1908--a masterful appreciation of the artist.

W. P.

THE THEATRE

The bibliography of this subject is extensive, but in the main unilluminating. It consists chiefly in a magnanimous waving aside of what is, and an optimistic dream of what is to be. Into this category fall most, if not all, of the many volumes written by the college professors and such of their students as have, upon graduation, carried with them into the world the college-professor manner of looking at things. Nevertheless, Professor William Lyon Phelps’ “The Twentieth Century Theatre,” for all its deviations from fact, and Professor Thomas H. Dickinson’s “The Case of American Drama,” may be looked into by the more curious. Mr. Arthur Ruhl’s “Second Nights,” with its penetrating humour, contains several excellent pictures of certain phases of the native theatre. Section IV of Mr. Walter Prichard Eaton’s “Plays and Players,” Mr. George Bronson-Howard’s searching series of papers entitled, “What’s Wrong with the Theatre,” and perhaps even Mr. George Jean Nathan’s “The Popular Theatre,” “The Theatre, The Drama, The Girls,” “Comedians All,” and “Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents” may throw some light upon the subject. Miss Akins’ “Papa” and all of Mr. O’Neill’s plays are available in book form. The bulk of inferior native dramaturgy is similarly available to the curious-minded: there are hundreds of these lowly specimens on view in the nearest book store.

G. J. N.

ECONOMIC OPINION

The literature of economic opinion in America is almost as voluminous as the printed word. It ranges from the ponderous treatises of professed economists, wherein “economic laws” are printed in italics, to the sophisticated novels of the self-elect, in which economic opinion is a by-product of clever conversation. Not only can one find economic opinion to his taste, but he can have it in any form he likes. Perhaps the most human and reasonable application of the philosophy of laissez-faire to the problems of industrial society is to be found in the pages of W. G. Sumner. Of particular interest are the essays contained in the volumes entitled “Earth Hunger,” “The Challenge of Facts,” and “The Forgotten Man.” The most subtle and articulate account of the economic order as an automatic, self-regulating mechanism is J. B. Clark, “The Distribution of Wealth.” An able and readable treatise, characterized alike by a modified classical approach and by a recognition of the facts of modern industrial society, is F. W. Taussig, “The Principles of Economics.” The “case for capitalism” has never been set forth as an articulate whole. The theoretical framework of the defence is to be found in any of the older treatises upon economic theory. A formal _apologia_ is to be found in the last chapter of almost every text upon economics under some such title as “A Critique of the Existing Order,” “Wealth and Welfare,” or “Economic Progress.” A defence of “what is,” whatever it may chance to be, characterized alike by brilliancy and ignorance, is P. E. More’s “Aristocracy and Justice.” Contemporary opinion favourable to capitalism may be found, in any requisite quantity and detail, in _The Wall Street Journal_, _The Commercial and Financial Chronicle_, and the publications of the National Association of Manufacturers. _The Congressional Record_, a veritable treasure house of economic fallacy, presents fervent pleas both for an unqualified capitalism and for capitalism with endless modifications. The literature of the economics of “control” is beginning to be large. The essay by H. C. Adams, “The Relation of the State to Industrial Activity,” elaborating the thesis that the function of the state is to regulate “the plane of competition,” has become a classic. The best account of the economic opinion of organized labour is to be found in R. F. Hoxie, “Trade Unionism in the United States.” Typical examples of excellent work done by men who do not profess to be economists are W. Lippmann, “Drift and Mastery,” the opinions (often dissenting) delivered by Mr. Justice Holmes and Mr. Justice Brandeis, of the United States Supreme Court, and the articles frequently contributed to periodicals by T. R. Powell upon the constitutional aspects of economic questions. The appearance of such studies as the brief for the shorter working day in the case of _Bunting v. Oregon_, prepared by F. Frankfurter and J. Goldmark, and of the “Report on the Steel Strike of 1919,” by the Commission of Inquiry of the Interchurch World Movement indicates that we are beginning to base our opinions and our policies upon “the facts.” Among significant contributions are the articles appearing regularly in such periodicals as _The New Republic_ and _The Nation_. At last the newer economics of the schools is beginning to assume the form of an articulate body of doctrine. The books of T. B. Veblen, particularly “The Theory of Business Enterprise,” and “The Instinct of Workmanship,” contain valuable pioneer studies. In “Personal Competition” and in the chapters upon “Valuation” in “Social Process,” C. H. Cooley has shown how economic institutions are to be treated. The newer economics, however, begins with the publication in 1913 of W. C. Mitchell, “Business Cycles.” This substitutes an economics of process for one of statics and successfully merges theoretical and statistical inquiry. It marks the beginning of a new era in the study of economics. The work in general economic theory has followed the leads blazed by Veblen, Cooley, and Mitchell. W. H. Hamilton, in “Current Economic Problems,” elaborates a theory of the control of industrial development, interspersed with readings from many authors. L. C. Marshal, in “Readings in Industrial Society,” attempts, through selections drawn from many sources, an appraisal of the institutions which together make up the economic order. D. Friday, in “Profits, Wages, and Prices,” shows how much meaning a few handfuls of figures contain and how much violence they can do to established principles. The National Bureau of Economic Research is soon to publish the results of a careful and thorough statistical inquiry into the division of income in the United States. Upon particular subjects such as trusts, tariffs, railroads, labour unions, etc., the literature is far too large to be catalogued here. There is no satisfactory history of economic opinion in the United States. T. B. Veblen’s “The Place of Science in Modern Civilization” contains a series of essays which constitute the most convincing attack upon the classical system and which point the way to an institutional economics. Many articles dealing with the development of economic doctrines are to be found in the files of _The Quarterly Journal of Economics_ and of _The Journal of Political Economy_. An excellent statement of the present situation in economics is an unpublished essay by W. C. Mitchell, “The Promise of Economic Science.”

W. H. H.

RADICALISM

For exposition of the leading radical theories the reader is urged to go, not to second-hand authorities, but to their foremost advocates. “Capital” by Karl Marx (Charles H. Kerr) is of course the chief basis of Socialism. There is nothing better on Anarchism than the article in the “Encyclopedia Britannica” by Prince Kropotkin. For revolutionary industrial unionism it is important to know “Speeches and Editorials” by Daniel de Leon (New York Labor News Co.). De Leon was one of the founders of the I.W.W., and his ideas not only influenced the separatist labour movements in the United States but the shop-steward movement in England and the Soviets of Russia. “Guild Socialism” by G. D. H. Cole is the best statement of this recent theory, while “The State and Revolution” by Nikolai Lenin (George Allen and Unwin) explains the principles and tactics of modern Communism. To these should be added another classic, “Progress and Poverty” by Henry George (Doubleday Page).

On the origins of the American government it is important to read “Economic Origins of Jeffersonian Democracy” and “Economic Interpretation of the Constitution” by Charles A. Beard (Macmillan).

The “History of Trade Unionism” by Sidney and Beatrice Webb (Longmans, Green), is an invaluable account of the growth of the British labour movement, which has many similarities to our own. “Industrial Democracy” by the same authors, issued by the same publisher, is the best statement of the theories of trade unionism. The “History of Labor in the United States” by John R. Commons and associates (Macmillan), is a scholarly work, while “Trade Unionism in the United States” by Robert F. Hoxie (Appleton), is a more analytical treatment. “The I. W. W.” by Paul F. Brissenden (Longmans, Green), is a full documentary history. Significant recent tendencies are recorded in “The New Unionism in the Clothing Industry” by Budish and Soule (Harcourt, Brace). The last chapters of “The Great Steel Strike” by William Z. Foster (B. W. Huebsch), expound his interesting interpretation of the trade unions.

For a statement of the functional attitude toward public problems one should read “Authority, Liberty and Function” by Ramiro de Maeztu (Geo. Allen and Unwin). For a brief and readable application of this attitude to economics, “The Acquisitive Society” by R. H. Tawney (Harcourt, Brace), is to be recommended.

“Modern Social Movements” by Savel Zimand (H. W. Wilson), is an authoritative guidebook to present radical movements throughout the world, and contains an excellent bibliography. And we must not forget the voluminous Report of the New York State Legislative Committee on Radicalism (the Lusk Committee), which not only collects a wealth of current radical literature, but offers an entertaining and instructive example of the current American attitude toward such matters.

G. S.

THE SMALL TOWN

Bibliography: “A Hoosier Holiday,” by Theodore Dreiser. “Winesburg, Ohio,” by Sherwood Anderson. “Main Street,” by Sinclair Lewis.

L. R. R.

HISTORY

The late Henry Adams had much in common with Samuel Butler, that other seeker after an education. He knew that he had written a very good book (his studies on American history were quite as excellent in their way as “Erewhon” was in a somewhat different genre) and he was equally aware of the sad fact that his work was not being read. In view of the general public indifference towards history it is surprising how much excellent work has been done. Three names suggest themselves when history in America is mentioned, Robinson, Beard, and Breasted. Their works for the elementary schools have not been surpassed in any country and their histories (covering the entire period from ancient Egypt down to the present time) will undoubtedly help to overcome the old and firmly established prejudice that “history is dull” and will help to create a new generation which shall prefer a good biography or history to the literature of our current periodicals.

The group of essays published last year by Professor Robinson--the pioneer of our modern historical world--under the title of “The New History” contains several papers of a pleasantly suggestive nature and we especially recommend “History for the Common Man” for those who want to investigate the subject in greater detail, and “The New Allies of History” for those who want to get an idea of the struggle that goes on between the New and the Old Movements in our contemporary historical world.

But it is impossible to suggest a three- four- or five-foot bookshelf for those who desire to understand the issues of the battle that is taking place. The warfare between the forces of the official School and University History and those who have a vision of something quite different is merely a part of the great social and economic and spiritual struggle that has been going on ever since the days of the Encyclopedists. The scene is changing constantly. The leaders hardly know what is happening. The soldiers who do the actual fighting are too busy with the work at hand to waste time upon academic discussions of the Higher Strategy. And the public will have to do what the public did during the great war--study the reports from all sides (the relevant and the irrelevant--the news from Helsingfors-by-way-of-Geneva and from Copenhagen-by-way-of Constantinople) and use its own judgment as to the probable outcome of the conflict.

H. W. V. L.

SEX

As might be supposed, there has been little writing on sex in this country--such discussion, more or less superficial, of the social aspects as may be found in books on the family, on marriage or prostitution, some quasi-medical treatises and of late a few books along the lines of Freudian psychology, that is all. Among all the organizations of the country there is no society corresponding to the British Society for the Study of Sex. I doubt if such a society or its publications would be tolerated, since even novelists who, like Dreiser, express an interest in sex comparatively directly, run afoul of public opinion, and a book such as “Women in Love” by D. H. Lawrence, its publisher felt called upon to print without his name.

It is not surprising, therefore, that in English the most adequate discussions of sex have been made by an Englishman, Havelock Ellis--“Studies in the Psychology of Sex.” Among less well known writing on the subject by Ellis I would note in particular an illuminating page or two in his essay on Casanova (“Affirmations”).

Discussion of the theories of distinguishing between mating and parenthood and of crisis psychology may be found in articles by the writer in the _International Journal of Ethics_, July, 1915, January, 1916, October, 1917, and in _The American Anthropologist_, March, 1916, and _The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods_, March, 1918.

“The Behaviour of Crowds” by E. D. Martin, and “French Ways and Their Meaning” by Edith Wharton are recent books that the reader of a comparative turn of mind will find of interest, and if he is not already familiar with the writings of the Early Christian Fathers I commend to him some browsing in the “Ante-Nicene Christian Library” and the “Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers.”

E. C. P.

THE FAMILY

For statistical facts which have a bearing on the tendencies of the family in the United States, the following group of sources has been consulted:

“Abstract of the Census, 1910;” the preliminary sheets of the “Census of 1920;” Report on “Marriage and Divorce in 1916,” published by the Bureau of the Census; Bulletin of the Woman’s Bureau, U. S. Department of Labour on “What Became of Women Who Went Into War Industries;” Bulletin of the U. S. Department of Agriculture on “The Farm Woman;” Bulletin of the U. S. Children’s Bureau on “Standards of Child Welfare.” Economic aspects of the family and income data were acquired from “Conditions of Labour in American Industries,” by Edgar Sydenstricker, and “The Wealth and Income of the People of the United States,” by Willford I. King. For facts concerning longevity, the aid of the Census was supplemented by “The Trend of Longevity in the United States,” by C. H. Forsyth, in the _Journal of the American Statistical Association_, Vol. 128. For the long biological perspective to counteract the near-sighted view of the Census, “The New Stone Age in Northern Europe,” by John M. Tyler may be commended. Psychological aspects of family relationships are discussed in a scientific and stimulating way in the published “Proceedings of the International Women Physicians’ Conference, 1919.”

K. A.

RACIAL MINORITIES

No author or group of authors has yet attempted to treat in any systematic and comprehensive way the position and the problem of the several racial minorities in the United States. A perfect bibliography of existing materials on the subject would be most helpful, but it could not make good the existing shortage of fact, and of thoughtful interpretation.

The anthropological phase of the subject is discussed with authority by Franz Boas in “The Mind of Primitive Man” (Macmillan, 1913), and by Robert H. Lowie in “Culture and Ethnology” (McMurtrie, 1917). Some information on racial inter-marriage is to be found in Drachsler’s “Democracy and Assimilation--The Blending of Immigrant Heritages in America” (Macmillan, 1920). Among recent reports of psychological tests of race-difference, the following are of special interest: “A Study of Race Differences in New York City,” by Katherine Murdock, (_School and Society_, vol. XI, no. 266, p. 147, 31 January, 1920); “Racial Differences in Mental Fatigue,” by Thomas R. Garth (_Journal of Applied Psychology_, vol. IV, nos. 2 and 3, p. 235, June-Sept. 1920); “A Comparative Study in the Intelligence of White and Colored Children,” by R. A. Schwegler and Edith Winn (_Journal of Educational Research_, vol. II, no. 5, p. 838, December, 1920); “The Intelligence of Negro Recruits,” by M. R. Trabue (_Natural History_, vol. XIX, no. 6, p. 680, 1919); “The Intelligence of Negroes at Camp Lee, Virginia,” by George Oscar Ferguson, Jr. (_School and Society_, vol. IX, no. 233, p. 721, 14 June, 1919); and the Government’s official report of all the psychological tests given in the cantonments (“Memoirs of the National Academy of Science,” vol. XV, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1921).

The most important single source of information on the present status of the coloured race in the United States is “The Negro Year Book,” edited by Monroe N. Work (Negro Year Book Pub. Co., Tuskegee Institute, Alabama); the edition for 1918–19 contains an extensive bibliography. Brawley’s “Short History of the American Negro” (Macmillan, rev. ed., 1919) presents in text-book form a general narrative, together with supplementary chapters on such topics as religion and education among the Negroes. The Government report on “Negro Population, 1790–1915” (Washington, Bureau of the Census, Government Printing Office, 1918), is invaluable. Important recent developments are treated in “Negro Migration in 1916–17” and “The Negro at Work During the World War and During Reconstruction” (Washington, Dep’t of Labour, 1919 and 1920 respectively). Some notion of the various manifestations of prejudice against the Negro may be gathered from the following sources: “Negro Education” (_U. S. Bureau of Education Bulletin_, 1916, nos. 38 and 39); “The White and the Colored Schools of Virginia as Measured by the Ayres Index,” by George Oscar Ferguson, Jr. (_School and Society_, vol. XII, no. 297, p. 170, 4 Sept., 1920); “Thirty Years of Lynching in the United States, 1889–1918,” and “Disfranchisement of Colored Americans in the Presidential Election of 1920” (New York, National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, 1919 and 1921 respectively). A few representative expressions from the Negroes themselves are: “Up from Slavery, an Autobiography,” by Booker T. Washington (Doubleday, 1901); “Darkwater,” by W. E. Burghardt Du Bois (Harcourt, 1920); _The Messenger_ (a Negro Socialist-syndicalist magazine, 2305 Seventh Avenue, New York); and the “Universal Negro Catechism” (Universal Negro Improvement Association, 56 West 135th Street, New York).

A great body of valuable information on the Indians is collected in two publications of the Government, the second of which contains a very extensive bibliography; “Indian Population in the United States and Alaska, 1910” (Washington, Bureau of the Census, Government Printing Office, 1915), and the “Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico,” edited by Frederick Webb Hodge (Washington, Bureau of Ethnology, Government Printing Office, 1907–10, 2 vols.). An annual report containing current data on the status of the Indian is published by the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Francis Ellington Leupp, who held this title from 1905 to 1909, was the author of a volume which presents in popular form the results of official experience (“The Indian and His Problem,” Scribner, 1910).

The “American Jewish Year Book” (Philadelphia, Jewish Publication Society of America) is an extremely useful volume, and particularly so because one must refer to it for statistical information which in the case of the other racial minorities is available in the reports of the national census. In the _American Magazine_ for April, 1921, Harry Schneiderman, the editor of the “Year Book,” assembles a great many facts bearing upon the relation of the Jews to the economic, social, political, and intellectual life of the country (“The Jews of the United States,” p. 24). Of special interest to students of the Semitic problem is Berkson’s “Theories of Americanization; a Critical Study with Special Reference to the Jewish Group” (Teachers’ College, Columbia University, 1920).

The standard works on the Oriental question are Coolidge’s “Chinese Immigration” (Holt, 1909), and Millis’s “Japanese Problem in the United States” (Macmillan, 1915). The Japanese problem in California is treated statistically in a booklet prepared recently by the State Board of Control (“California and the Oriental,” Sacramento, State Printing Office, 1920), and in a symposium which appeared in _The Pacific Review_ for December, 1920 (Seattle, University of Washington).

G. T. R.

ADVERTISING

Expect from me no recommendation of the “scientific” treatises on advertising or of the professional psychological analyses of the instincts. Books, books in tons, have been written about advertising, and as far as I am concerned, every single one of them is right. Read these, if you have the hardihood, and remain mute. Read them, I should say, and be eternally damned. Read them and retire rapidly to a small room comfortably padded and securely locked.

J. T. S.

BUSINESS

Within the limits of this space anything like an adequate reference to the source books of fact and thought is impossible. All that may be attempted is to suggest an arbitrary way through the whole of the subject--a thoroughfare from which the reader may take off where he will as his own interests develop. For the foundations of an economic understanding one needs only to read “Principles of Political Economy,” by Simon Newcomb, the American astronomer, who in a mood of intellectual irritation inclined his mind to this mundane matter and produced the finest book of its kind in the world. For the rough physiognomy of American economic phenomena there is “A Century of Population Growth,” Bureau of the Census, 1909, a splendid document prepared under the direction of S. N. D. North. Katharine Coman’s “Industrial History of the United States” is an important work in itself and contains, besides, an excellent and full bibliography. “Crises and Depressions” and “Corporations and the State,” by Theodore E. Burton; “Forty Years of American Finance,” by Alexander D. Noyes; “Railroad Transportation, Its History and Its Laws,” by A. T. Hadley; “Trusts, Pools and Corporations,” by Wm. Z. Ripley; and “The Book of Wheat,” by Peter Tracy Dondlinger, are books in which the separate phases indicated by title are essentially treated. For dissertation, interpretation, and universal thought every student will find himself deeply indebted to “Trade Morals, Their Origin, Growth and Province,” by Edward D. Page; “The Economic Interpretation of History,” by James E. Thorold Rogers; “History of the New World Called America,” by E. J. Payne; “Economic Studies,” by Walter Bagehot; “Essays in Finance,” by R. Giffen; “Recent Economic Changes,” by David A. Wells, and “The Challenge of Facts and Other Essays,” by William Graham Sumner.

G. G.

ENGINEERING

Literature covering the function of the engineer in society, especially in America, is very limited compared with books of information on most subjects. Engineering activities such as are usually described cover the technical achievements of the profession. Useful material, however, will be found scattered throughout the technical literature and engineering society proceedings especially among the addresses and articles of leading engineers prepared for special occasions. A comprehensive history of engineering has never been written, although there are many treatises dealing with particular developments in this field. Among these may be mentioned Bright’s “Engineering Science, 1837–1897”; Matschoss’s “Beiträge zur Geschichte der Technik und Industrie” (“Jahrbuch des Vereines deutscher Ingenieure”); and Smiles’s “Lives of the Engineers.” On engineering education, the “Proceedings of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education” and Bulletin No. 11 of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, “A Study of Engineering Education,” by Charles R. Mann, offer useful information. Concerning the status of the engineer in the economic order, Taussig’s “Inventors and Money Makers,” Veblen’s “The Engineers and the Price System,” together with Frank Watts’s “An Introduction to the Psychological Factors of Industry,” will be found of value. On the relation between labour and the engineer, much can be found in _The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science_ for September, 1920, on “Labor, Management and Production.”

O. S. B., JR.

NERVES

Complete works of Cotton Mather; also of Jonathan Edwards. Complete works of Dr. George M. Beard, notably his “American Nervousness,” Putnam, 1881. Medical publications of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. Dr. George M. Parker: “The Discard Heap--Neurasthenia,” _N. Y. Medical Journal_, October 22, 1910. Dr. William Browning: “Is there such a thing as Neurasthenia?” _N. Y. State Medical Journal_, January, 1911. Dr. Morton Prince: “The Unconscious,” Macmillan, 1914. Professor Edwin B. Holt: “The Freudian Wish.” Dr. Edward J. Kempf: “The Autonomic Function and the Personality.” Complete works of Professor Freud, in translation and in the original.

Files of _Journal of Abnormal Psychology_, to date. Files of _Psychoanalytic Review_, to date. Files of _Imago_, to date. Files of _Internationale Zeitschrift fuer Aerztliche Psychoanalyse_, to date. Dr. A. A. Brill, “Psychoanalysis,” third edition. “Character and Opinion in the United States,” by George Santayana. “Studies in American Intolerance,” by Alfred B. Kuttner, _The Dial_, March 14 and 28, 1918.

A. B. K.

MEDICINE

No attempt is here made to give any exhaustive, or even suggestive, bibliography. Only specific references in the text itself are here given in full, so that the reader may find them for himself, if he so desires. But on the general subject of “Professionalism,” although it deals more with the profession of law than of medicine, some valuable and stimulating observations can be found in the chapter of that name in “Our Social Heritage,” by Graham Wallas (Yale University Press, 1921).

Bezzola: Quoted from “Preventive Medicine and Hygiene,” Rosenau, 1920, p. 340.

Clouston: “The Hygiene of the Mind,” 1909.

Cole: “The University Department of Medicine,” Science, N. S., vol. LI, No. 1318, p. 329.

Elderton and Pearson: “A First Study of the Influence of Parental Alcoholism on the Physique and Ability of the Offspring,” Francis Galton Eugenics Laboratory _Memoirs_, 1910, No. 10.

Pearl: “The Effect of Parental Alcoholism upon the Progeny in the Domestic Fowl,” _Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci._, 1916, vol. II, p. 380.

Peterson: “Credulity and Cures,” _Jour. Amer. Med. Assn._, 1919, vol. LXXIII, p. 1737.

Rosenau: “Preventive Medicine and Hygiene,” 1920.

Stockard: _Interstate Medical Jour._, 1916, vol. XXIII, No. 6.

Vaughan: “The Service of Medicine to Civilization,” _Jour. Amer. Med. Assn._, 1914, vol. LXII, p. 2003.

Vincent: “Ideals and Their Function in Medical Education,” _Jour. Amer. Med. Assn._, 1920, vol. LXXIV, p. 1065.

ANON.

SPORT AND PLAY

Mr. Spalding, the well-known sporting goods manufacturer, is also the publisher of the Spalding Athletic Library, which contains, besides rule books and record books of various sports, a series of text-books, at ten cents the copy, bearing such titles as “How to Play the Outfield,” “How to Catch,” “How to Play Soccer,” “How to Learn Golf,” etc. Authorship of these works is credited to famous outfielders, catchers, soccer players, and golfers, but as the latter can field, catch, play soccer, and golf much better than they can write, the actual writing of the volumes was wisely left to persons who make their living by the pen. The books are recommended, as a cure for insomnia at least. The best sporting fiction we know of, practically the only sporting fiction an adult may read without fear of stomach trouble, is contained in the collected works of the late Charles E. Van Loan.

R. W. L.

AMERICAN CIVILIZATION FROM THE FOREIGN POINT OF VIEW[1]

Frances Milton Trollope: “The Domestic Manners of the Americans,” London, 1832.

The rest is silence ... or repetition.

E. B.

[1] The views of foreign travellers in the United States are
summarized in John Graham Brooks’s “As Others See Us,” New
York, 1908.--_The Editor._

WHO’S WHO OF THE CONTRIBUTORS TO THIS VOLUME

=Conrad Aiken= was born in Savannah, Georgia, in 1889, and was graduated from Harvard in 1912. His books include several volumes of poems, “Earth Triumphant,” “Turns and Movies,” “The Jig of Forslin,” “Nocturne of Remembered Spring,” “The Charnel Rose,” “The House of Dust,” and “Punch: The Immortal Liar,” and one volume of critical essays, “Scepticisms: Notes on Contemporary Poetry.”

=Anonymous=, the author of the essay on “Medicine,” is an American physician who has gained distinction in the field of medical research, but who for obvious reasons desires to have his name withheld.

=Katharine Anthony= was born in Arkansas, and was educated at the Universities of Tennessee, Chicago, and Heidelberg. She has done research and editorial work for the Russell Sage Foundation, National Consumers’ League, The National Board, Y. W. C. A., and other national reform organizations, and is the author of “Feminism in Germany and Scandinavia,” “Margaret Fuller: A Psychological Biography,” and other books.

=O. S. Beyer, Jr.=, was graduated from the Stevens Institute of Technology as a mechanical engineer in 1907, and did graduate work in railway and industrial economics in the Universities of Pennsylvania and New York. After some experience as an engineering assistant and general foreman on various railways, and as research engineer in the University of Illinois, he helped organize the U. S. Army School of Military Aeronautics during the War, and later took charge of the Department of Airplanes. He was subsequently requested by the U. S. Army Ordnance Department to organize and operate schools for training ordnance specialists and officers, and in order to conduct this work, he was commissioned Captain. After the termination of the War, he helped promote, and subsequently assumed charge in the capacity of Chief, Arsenal Orders Section, of the significant industrial developments carried forward in the Army arsenals. He has contributed numerous articles to technical periodicals and proceedings of engineering and other societies.

=Ernest Boyd= is an Irish critic and journalist, who has lived in this country for some years, and is now on the staff of the New York _Evening Post_. He was educated in France, Germany, and Switzerland for the British Consular Service, which he entered in 1913. After having served in the United States, Spain, and Denmark, he resigned from official life in order to take up the more congenial work of literature and journalism. He has edited Standish O’Grady’s “Selected Essays” for Every Irishman’s Library and translated Heinrich Mann’s “Der Untertan” for the European Library, and is the author of three volumes dealing with modern Anglo-Irish Literature: “Ireland’s Literary Renaissance,” “The Contemporary Drama of Ireland,” and “Appreciations and Depreciations.”

=Clarence Britten= was born in Pella, Iowa, in 1887, and was graduated from Harvard in 1912 as of 1910. He was Instructor of English in the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, in the Department of University Extension, State of Massachusetts, and in the University of Wisconsin. He has been editor of the _Canadian Journal of Music_, and from 1918 to 1920 was an editor of the _Dial_.

=Van Wyck Brooks= was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1886, and was graduated from Harvard in 1907, as of 1908. He was instructor in English in Leland Stanford University from 1911 to 1913, and is now associate editor of the _Freeman_. Among his books are “America’s Coming-of-Age,” “Letters and Leadership,” and “The Ordeal of Mark Twain.”

=Harold Chapman Brown= was born in Springfield, Mass., in 1879, and was educated at Williams and Harvard, from which he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1905. He was instructor in philosophy in Columbia University until 1914, and since then has been an instructor in Leland Stanford University. During the War he was with the American Red Cross, Home Service, at Camp Fremont. He has contributed numerous articles on philosophy to technical journals, and is co-author of “Creative Intelligence.”

=Zechariah Chafee, Jr.=, was born in Providence, R. I., in 1885, and was educated at Brown University and the Harvard Law School. After several years’ practice of the law in Providence, and executive work in connection with various manufacturing industries, he became Assistant Professor of Law in Harvard University in 1916, and Professor of Law in 1919. He is the author of “Cases on Negotiable Instruments,” “Freedom of Speech,” and various articles in law reviews and other periodicals.

=Frank M. Colby= was born in Washington, D. C., in 1865, and was graduated from Columbia in 1888. He was Professor of Economics in New York University from 1895 to 1900, and has been editor of the “New International Encyclopedia” since 1900, and of the “New International Year Book” since 1907. He is the author of “Outlines of General History,” “Imaginary Obligations,” “Constrained Attitudes,” and “The Margin of Hesitation.”

=Garet Garrett= was born in Pana, Ill., in 1878, and from 1900 to 1912 was a financial writer on the New York Sun, the _Wall Street Journal_, the New York _Evening Post_, and the New York _Times_. He was the first editor of the New York _Times Annalist_ in 1913–1914, and was executive editor of the New York _Tribune_ from 1916 to 1919. He is the author of “The Driver,” “The Blue Wound,” “An Empire Beleaguered,” “The Mad Dollar,” and various economic and political essays.

=Walton H. Hamilton= was born in Tennessee in 1881, was graduated from the University of Texas in 1907, and received the degree of Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1913. After teaching at the Universities of Michigan and Chicago, he became Olds Professor of Economics in Amherst College in 1915. He was formerly associate editor of the _Journal of Political Economy_, and is associate editor of the series, “Materials for the Study of Economics,” published by the University of Chicago Press. During the War he was on the staff of the War Labour Policies Board. He is co-editor with J. M. Clark and H. G. Moulton of “Readings in the Economics of War,” and the author of “Current Economic Problems” and of various articles in economic journals.

=Frederic C. Howe= was born in Meadville, Pa., in 1867, and was educated at Allegheny College and Johns Hopkins University, from the latter receiving the degree of Ph.D. in 1892. After studying in the University of Maryland Law School and the New York Law School, he was admitted to the bar in 1894, and practised in Cleveland until 1909. He was director of the People’s Institute of New York from 1911 to 1914, and Commissioner of Immigration in the Port of New York from 1914 to 1920. He has been a member of the Ohio State Senate, special U. S. commissioner to investigate municipal ownership in Great Britain, Professor of Law in the Cleveland College of Law, and lecturer on municipal administration and politics in the University of Wisconsin. Among his books are “The City, the Hope of Democracy,” “The British City,” “Privilege and Democracy in America,” “Wisconsin: An Experiment in Democracy,” “European Cities at Work,” “Socialized Germany,” “Why War?” “The High Cost of Living,” and “The Land and the Soldier.”

=Alfred Booth Kuttner= was born in 1886, and was graduated from Harvard in 1908. He was for two years dramatic critic of the _International Magazine_, and is a contributor to the _New Republic_, _Seven Arts_, _Dial_, etc. He has pursued special studies in psychology, and has translated several of the books of Sigmund Freud.

=Ring W. Lardner= was born in Niles, Michigan, in 1885, and was educated in the Niles High School and the Armour Institute of Technology at Chicago. He has been sporting writer on the Boston _American_, Chicago _American_, Chicago _Examiner_, and the Chicago _Tribune_, and writer for the Bell Syndicate since 1919. Among his books are “You Know Me Al,” “Symptoms of Thirty-five,” “Treat ’Em Rough,” and “The Big Town.”

=Robert Morss Lovett= was born in Boston in 1870, and was graduated from Harvard in 1892. He has been a teacher in the English Departments of Harvard and the University of Chicago, and dean of the Junior Colleges of the latter institution from 1907 to 1920. He was formerly editor of the _Dial_, and is at present on the staff of the _New Republic_. He is a member of the National Institute of Arts and Letters, and is the author of two novels, “Richard Gresham” and “A Winged Victory,” of a play, “Cowards,” and with William Vaughn Moody of “A History of English Literature.”

=Robert H. Lowie= was born in Vienna in 1883, and came to New York at the age of ten. He was educated at the College of the City of New York and Columbia University, from which he received the degree of Ph.D. in 1908. He has made many ethnological field trips, especially to the Crow and other Plains Indians. He was associate curator of Anthropology in the American Museum of Natural History, New York, until 1921, and since then has become Associate Professor of Anthropology in the University of California. He is associate editor of the _American Anthropologist_, and was secretary of the American Ethnological Society from 1910 to 1919, and president, 1920–1921. He is the author of “Culture and Ethnology” and “Primitive Society,” as well as many technical monographs dealing mainly with the sociology and mythology of North American aborigines.

=John Macy= was born in Detroit in 1877, and was educated at Harvard, from which he received the degree of A.B. in 1899, and A.M. in 1900. After a year as assistant in English at Harvard, he became associate editor of _Youth’s Companion_, and later literary editor of the Boston _Herald_. Among his books are “Life of Poe” (Beacon Biographies), “Guide to Reading,” “The Spirit of American Literature,” “Socialism in America,” and “Walter James Dodd: a Biography.”

=H. L. Mencken= was born in Baltimore in 1880, and was educated in private schools and at the Baltimore Polytechnic. He was engaged in journalism until 1916, and is now editor and part owner with George Jean Nathan of the _Smart Set Magazine_, and a contributing editor of the _Nation_. His books include “The Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche,” “A Book of Burlesques,” “A Book of Prefaces,” “The American Language,” and two volumes of “Prejudices.” In collaboration with George Jean Nathan he has published “The American Credo,” and “Heliogabalus,” a play.

=Lewis Mumford= was born in Flushing, Long Island, in 1895. He was associate editor of the Dial in 1919, acting editor of the _Sociological Review_ (London), a lecturer at the Summer School of Civics, High Wycombe, England, and has contributed to the _Scientific Monthly_, the _Athenaeum_, the _Nation_, the _Freeman_, the _Journal of the American institute of Architects_, and other periodicals. He was a radio operator in the United States Navy during the War.

=George Jean Nathan= was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, in 1882, and was graduated from Cornell University in 1904. He has been dramatic critic of various newspapers and periodicals, and is at present editor and part owner with H. L. Mencken of the _Smart Set Magazine_. Among his books are “The Popular Theatre,” “Comedians All,” “Another Book on the Theatre,” “Mr. George Jean Nathan Presents,” “The Theatre, the Drama, the Girls,” and, with H. L. Mencken, of “The American Credo,” and “Heliogabalus.”

=Walter Pach= was born in New York in 1883, and was graduated from the College of the City of New York in 19013. He studied art under Leigh Hunt, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, and worked during most of the eleven years before the War in Paris and other European art-centres, exhibiting both here and abroad. He was associated with the work of the International Exhibition of 1913, as well as other exhibitions of the modern masters in America, and with the founding and carrying on of the Society of Independent Artists. He is represented by paintings and etchings in various public and private collections, has lectured at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, University of California, Wellesley College, and other institutions, has contributed articles on art subjects to the _Gazette des Beaux-Arts_, _L’Arts et les Artistes_, _Scribner’s_, the _Century_, the _Freeman_, etc., and is the translator of Elie Faure’s “History of Art.”

=Elsie Clews Parsons= was graduated from Barnard College in 1896, and received the degree of Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1899. She has been Fellow and Lecturer in Sociology at Barnard College, Lecturer in Anthropology in the New School of Social Research, assistant editor of the _Journal of American Folk-Lore_, treasurer of the American Ethnological Society, and president of the American Folk-Lore Society. She is married and the mother of three sons and one daughter. Among her books are “The Family,” “The Old-Fashioned Woman,” “Fear and Conventionality,” “Social Freedom,” and “Social Rule.”

=Raffaello Piccoli=, who has written the article on “American Civilization from an Italian Point of View,” was born in Naples in 1886, and was educated at the Universities of Padua, Florence, and Oxford. In 1913 he was appointed Lecturer in Italian Literature in the University of Cambridge, and in 1916 was elected Foreign Correspondent of the Royal Society of Literature. During the War he was an officer in the First Regiment of Italian Grenadiers, was wounded and taken prisoner while defending a bridge-head on the Tagliamento, and spent a year of captivity in Hungary. After the Armistice he was appointed to the chair of English Literature in the University of Pisa. During the years 1919–21 he has acted as exchange professor at various American universities. He has published a number of books, including Italian translations of Oscar Wilde and of several Elizabethan dramatists.

=Louis Raymond Reid= was born in Warsaw, N. Y., and was graduated from Rutgers College in 1911. Since then he has been engaged in newspaper and magazine work in New York City. He was for three years the editor of the _Dramatic Mirror_.

=Geroid Tanquary Robinson= was born in Chase City, Virginia, in 1892, and studied at Stanford, the University of California, and Columbia. He was a member of the editorial board of the _Dial_ at the time when it was appearing as a fortnightly, and is now a member of the editorial staff of the _Freeman_, and a lecturer in Modern European History at Columbia University. He served for sixteen months during the War as a First Lieutenant (Adjutant) in the American Air Service. Residence in Virginia, North Carolina, Colorado, Arizona, and California has given him the opportunity to observe at first hand some of the modes and manners of race-prejudice.

=J. Thorne Smith, Jr.=, was born in Annapolis, Md., in 1892, and was graduated from Dartmouth College in 1914. He was Chief Boatswain’s Mate in the U. S. Naval Reserve during the War, and editor of the navy paper, _The Broadside_. He is the author of “Haunts and By-Paths and Other Poems,” “Biltmore Oswald,” and “Out-O’-Luck.”

=George Soule= was born in Stamford, Conn., in 1887, and was graduated from Yale in 1908. He was a member of the editorial staff of the _New Republic_ from 1914 to 1918, and during 1919 editorial writer for the New York _Evening Post_. He drafted a report on the labour policy of the Industrial Service Sections, Ordnance Department and Air Service, for the War Department, and was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps. He is a director of the Labour Bureau, Inc., which engages in economic research for labour organizations, and is co-author with J. M. Budish of “The New Unionism in the Clothing Industry.”

=J. E. Spingarn= was born in New York in 1875, was educated at Columbia and Harvard, and was Professor of Comparative Literature in Columbia University until 1911. Among his other activities he has been a candidate for Congress, a delegate to state and national conventions, chairman of the board of directors of the National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People, vice-president of a publishing firm, and editor of the “European Library.” During the War he was a Major of Infantry in the A. E. F. His first book, “Literary Criticism in the Renaissance,” was translated into Italian in 1905, with an introduction by Benedetto Croce; he has edited three volumes of “Critical Essays of the 17th Century” for the Clarendon Press of Oxford, and contributed a chapter to the “Cambridge History of English Literature;” his selection of Goethe’s “Literary Essays,” with a foreword by Lord Haldane, has just appeared; and his other books include “The New Hesperides and Other Poems” and “Creative Criticism.”

=Harold E. Stearns= was born in Barre, Mass., in 1891, and was graduated from Harvard in 1913. Since then he has been engaged in journalism in New York, and has been a contributor to the _New Republic_, the _Freeman_, the _Bookman_, and other magazines and newspapers. He was associate editor of the _Dial_ during the last six months of its appearance as a fortnightly in Chicago. Among his books are “Liberalism in America” and “America and the Young Intellectual.”

=Henry Longan Stuart= is an English author and journalist who has spent a considerable part of his life since 1901 in the United States. He served through the War as a Captain in the Royal Field Artillery, was attached to the Italian Third Army after Caporetto, and was press censor in Paris after the Armistice and during the Peace Conference. He is the author of “Weeping Cross,” a study of Puritan New England, “Fenella,” and a quantity of fugitive poetry and essays.

=Deems Taylor= was born in New York in 1885, and was graduated from New York University in 1906. He studied music with Oscar Coon from 1908 to 1911. He has been connected with the editorial staff of the “Encyclopedia Britannica,” and has been assistant Sunday editor of the New York _Tribune_ and associate editor of _Collier’s Weekly_, and at present is a critic of the New York _World_. He has composed numerous musical works, including “The Siren Song” (symphonic poem, awarded the orchestral prize of the National Federation of Music Clubs in 1912), “The Chambered Nautilus” (cantata), “The Highwaymen” (cantata written for the MacDowell festival), and “Through the Looking Glass” (suite for symphonic orchestra).

=Hendrik Willem Van Loon= was born in Holland in 1882, and received his education in Dutch schools, at Cornell and Harvard, and at the University of Munich, from which he received his Ph.D., magna cum laude, in 1911. He was a correspondent of the Associated Press in various European capitals, and for some time was a lecturer on modern European history in Cornell University. He is at present Professor of the Social Sciences in Antioch College, and is the author of “The Fall of the Dutch Republic,” “A Short History of Discovery,” “Ancient Man,” “The Story of Mankind for Boys and Girls,” “The Rise of the Dutch Kingdom,” etc.

INDEX

Abbott, Lyman, 497

Abolitionists, 58

Absolute, 166

Academic life, 95

Accident lawyers, 59

Acoustics, 159

Adams, Henry, 11, 77, 303, 547;
quoted on a school of literature, 196

Ade, George, 249

Administrative officers, 32, 33

Adolescence, 436

Adulteration, 406

Advertising, 381–395;
appeal, 383;
bibliography, 551;
effects on the writers, 384;
efficacy, 389;
honest, 387;
justification, 388;
newspaper, 44;
newspaper control, 46, 47;
objectionable, 395;
outdoor, 395;
over-production and, 390;
pro and con, 391;
signs, 293, 395;
solicitor and writer, 387;
value, 391, 392;
writers, 387

Æsthetic emotion, 204, 214, 480

Æsthetics, vii, 14, 100, 105, 108, 492, 497

Africa, association of negroes to establish empire, 369

“Age of Innocence, The,” 179

Agnosticism, 171

Agricultural implements, 402

Aiken, Conrad, on poetry, 215–226

Akins, Zoë, 248, 253

Alcohol, 451

Alcoholics, children of, 452, 453

Alien Land Laws, 364

Aliens, 337–350;
economics and, 339;
legislative attitude to, 343;
protection, 349

Alfieri, Vittorio, 104

Alimony, 331

Alleghany mountains, 4, 30, 399

Allied troops, 469

Alphabetical order, 469

Amalgamated Clothing Workers, 346

America, as economic support for Europe, 475;
feminization, 135, 143;
germinal energy, 148, 150;
original culture, 512;
provincialism, 286;
“real America,” 138

“America First” Publicity Association, 47

“American ideals,” 104

American infantry in Paris, 470

American Legion, 88

American literature. _See_ Literature, American

American Philosophical Association, 177

American Revolution, 300, 399, 417, 515

Americanism, 133, 519

Americanization, 337, 344, 346, 347, 442, 528;
spirit, 88, 89

Americans, uniformity, 36, 109

Ames, Winthrop, 245

Amusements, 8, 13, 440;
music, 204, 205

Anæmia, intellectual, 491, 492, 495, 501

Ancestor worship, 506

Anderson, Sherwood, 137

Anglin, Margaret, 251

Anglo-American relations, 471, 473, 474, 476

Anglo-Saxonism, 320, 341, 442, 471, 504

Anthony, Katharine, on the family, 319–336

Anthropological groups, 353

Anthropology, 154

Anti-Saloon League, 29

Anti-Semitism, 356, 364

Appleseed, Johnny, 4

Applied science, 146, 155–156

Architecture, 238;
city, debasement, 10;
industrial city, 11

Aridity of American life, 480

Aristocracy, 193

Aristocrats, 441, 442

Armageddon, 440

Armory Show, 239

Art, 100, 204, 207, 227–241;
bibliography, 542;
colonial, 230, 231;
conditions and opportunities, 228;
definition, 107;
feminization, 229;
morals and, 101;
poetry, 225;
tariff on works of art, 230

Art for art’s sake, 102

Artists, advertising as a benefit, 391;
definition, 107;
respect for, 208

Asiatics. _See_ Orientals

Associated Press, 47

Asylums, 334, 451

Athletics, 526, 527;
college, 117

Atlantic City, 9

_Atlantic Monthly_, 243

Attorney-General, 66

Austin, Mrs. Mary, 144

Australia, farm policy, 347, 348

Australian Courts of Conciliation, 73

Authority, 160;
educational, 85

Automobile industry, 400

Back to the land, 285

Backgrounds, historical, 308;
intellectual, 146

Bacteriologists, 454

Baking industry, 400

Ballot, 281

Bar Associations, 65–66

Bargaining, collective, 264;
_see also_ Contract

Barnum, P. T., 292

Barrie’s “Peter Pan,” 246

Barrymore, John, 250

Baseball, 458

Baseball fans, 457

Beard, C. A., 532, 547

Beard, G. M., 430, 431, 432, 438

Beautiful necessity, 165, 168

Beauty, 14, 204, 238, 492, 535

Beer-garden, 10

Behaviour, 173;
crowd, 312

Behaviourism, 169

Belief, 171

Bell, Sanford, 436

Bergson, Henri, 167, 172

Bett, Miss Lulu, 320

Beyer, O. S., Jr., on engineering, 417–425

“Beyond the Horizon,” 243, 244, 248

Bibliographical notes, 531

Big business, 406, 407, 409

Bigness, contrary effect on English and Americans, 477, 478

Billboards, 293, 395

Billiards, 460

Billings, Frank, 449

Biochemistry, 456

Biographical notes on contributors to this volume, 559–564

Biographies, 96;
political, 532

Biology, 456;
experimental, 153

Birth control, 320, 321, 322, 323;
artificial, 321

Birth-rate, 321, 336

Black Star Line, 369

Blackburn, J. B., 231

Blashfield, E. H., 236

Blind Tom, 207–208

Board of Health, 304

Boas, Franz, 154

Bodenheim, Maxwell, 218, 221, 222, 223

“Book of Daniel Drew, The,” 72

Boosters, 293

Bosses, political, 24

Boston, 4, 15;
dramatic taste, 245;
marriage age, 328;
Public Library, 11, 235;
Trinity Church, 11

Boxing, 459

Boyd, Ernest, on American civilization, 489–507

Brady, W. A., 244

Brandeis, L. D., brief on Oregon law, 73

Branford, V. V., 531

“Brass Check, The,” 41

Breasted, J. H., 547

Brewer, Justice P. J., 73–74

Brill, A. A., 434

British Institution of Civil Engineers, 418, 419

Britten, Clarence, on school and college life, 109–133

Broadway, 8

Brokers, 405

Bronson-Howard, George, 249

Brooke, Rupert, 503

Brookline, Mass., 15

Brooks, Van Wyck, iii;
on the literary life, 179–197

Brown, H. C., on philosophy, 163–177

Brown University, 125

Brunetière, Ferdinand, 498, 503

Bryan, W. J., 25, 429, 440, 451, 497

Bryce, James, 196, 490, 532, 536

Buddhism, 373

Bundling, 315

Bush Terminal Tower, 12