Chapter III: Part 3

[X] _At the Plantation over against James Citie._--Hening reports as Burgesses (after James Citty) for the other side of the water, Capt. John West, Capt ffelgate; as John West's name appears in the text under this head, we presume the places are identical and refer to probably some place on the opposite side of the James river not more definitely designated.

_The Glase Howse._[Y]

Vincentio,
Bernardo,
Ould Sheppard, his sonn,
Richard Tarborer.
Mrs. Bernardo.

[Y] _The Glass House._--We find frequent references to but no notice of the erection of this building. Smith, in his account of the attempt to murder him by the Dutchmen in 1608, says, "They sent Francis, their companion, disguised like a Salvage, to the Glasse-house, a place in the woods neare a myle from Iames Toune," &c., Smith attempted to apprehend him, but he escaped, and after he had sent "20 shot after him; himself returning from the Glasse House alone," when he encountered the king of the Paspa heigh whom he defeated and "led him prisoner to Iames Toune and put him in chaynes." Smith (1627) pp. 83, 84.

Stith says after the return of Newport from his expedition of discovery up James river "No sooner were they landed but the President (Smith) dispersed as many as were able, some to make Glass and others for Pitch," &c.; and in 1609, "And now the Colony pursued their business with alacrity and success. They made three or four lasts of Tar, Pitch, and Soap ashes and produced a trial of glass," &c., &c. And in 1621, speaking of the subscriptions opened in England, he says, "The third roll was for a glass furnace to make beads, which was the current coin in the Indian trade; and one Captaine Norton, with some Italian workmen, was sent over for that purpose." See also Stith, pp. 95, 97, 197, 198. As the names of Vincentio and Benardo appear in the text, we may infer that some of the Italian workmen survived the massacre of 1622.

_At Archur's Hoop._[Z]

Lieutenant Harris,
Rowland Lottis,
_uxor_ Lottis,
John Elison,
_uxor_ Elison,
George Sanders,
Thomas Corder,
Joseph Johnson,
George Pran,
John Bottom,
Thomas Farley,
_uxor_ Farley,
a child,
Nicholas Shotton.

[Z] _Archur's Hoop._--Archer's Hope creek on Fry and Jefferson's map empties into James river but a short distance below Jamestown, and in the Particulars of Land in Virginia, referred to in note on page 37, Archer's Hope is named.

_At Hogg Island._[AA]

David Sanders, minister,
John Utie,
Mrs. Utie,
John Utie, infant, 738
William Tyler,
Elizabeth Tyler,
Richard Whitby,
William Ramshaw,
Rice Watkins,
Thomas Foskew, lost,
Hener Elsword,
Thomas Causey,
George Union,
Henry Woodward,
Roger Webster,
John Donston,
Joseph Johnson,
Richard Crocker, child,
William Hitchcocke, lost,
George Prowse,
Robert Parramore,
John Jarvice, als. Glover,
John Browne,
William Burcher,
John Burcher,
John Fulwood,
Thomas Bransby,
Thomas Colly,
Thomas Simpson,
Thomas Powell,
Nicholas Longe,

[AA] _Hogg Island._--This is set down on Smith's and all succeeding maps. It is six or eight miles below Jamestown island, and its name being unchanged, is very well known at the present time. In the text John Utie is named as one of the inhabitants, and his name appears in Hening as one of the Burgesses in 1629 from "the plantations between Archer's Hope and Martins Hundred," which corresponds with its location.

_At Martin's Hundred._[BB]

William Harwood,
Samuell March,
Hugh Hues,
John Jackson,
Thomas Ward,
John Stevans,
Humphrey Walden,
Thomas Doughtie,
John Hasley,
Samwell Weaver,
_vidua_ Jackson,
_filia_ Jackson,
Mrs. Taylor,
Ann Windor,
Elizabeth Bygrane,
Mr. Lake,
Mr. Burren,
John Stone,
Samwell Cultey,
John Helline,
_uxor_ Helline,
A Frenchman _et uxor_,
Thomas Siberg.

[BB] _Martin's Hundred._--Martin's Hundred is located On Fry and Jefferson's map between Hog island and Mulberry island, and on a small stream called Skies creek, on the north side of James river. In the proceedings of the Assembly in 1619 it is referred to as Paspaheigh's, alias Martin's Hundred, see ante p. 30. In the "Particulars of Land in Virginia," before mentioned, we read, "Martin's Hundred, containing 80,000 acres, part planted." Captaine Martin was made president by Capt. John Smith in 1609, but he did not desire the position and resigned. At the Assembly in 1619, he and the privileges named in his patent, and certain charges against him of unfair dealing with the Indians occupied no little attention.--See ante, pp. 12 and 13. For further particulars in regard to his attempts at imposition on the Company and like charges, the reader is referred to Stith, pp. 219, 220, 221.

_At Warwick Squrake._[CC]

John Batt,
Henry Prinffe,
Wassell Weblin,
Anthony Read,
Frances Woodson,
Henry Phillips, 794
Petter Collins,
Christopher Reinolds,
Edward Mabin,
John Maldman,
Thomas Collins,
George Rushmore,
Thomas Spencer,
George Clarke,
Richard Bartlett,
Francis Banks,
John Jenkins,
Thomas Jones,
William Denham,
Peter, }
Anthony, }
Frances, } negroes,
Margrett, }
John Bennett,
Nicholas Skinner,
John Atkins,
John Pollentin,
Rachell Pollentin,
Margrett Pollentin,
Mary, a maid,
Henry Woodward,
Thomas Sawyer,
Thomas, a Boye.

[CC] _Warwick Squrake._--It is difficult to decide upon either the spelling or the pronunciation of this word. On Smith's map it is located on the south side of James river, and about fifteen or twenty miles below Jamestown, and is spelt Waraskorack, and on page 59 he spells it Waraskoyack; Fry and Jefferson locate it on Burwell's bay, and call it Warnicqueack. Stith calls it Warrasqueake, and gives an interesting account of "the King of that town," and his hospitable treatment of Capt. Smith on the night of the 29th of December, 1608: p. 85. In the "Particulars of Land," McDonald MS. above referred to, it is spelt as shown in the following extract: "Warosquoiacke Plantation conteyning downewardes from Hogg island, 14 miles by the ryver side," &c., &c., p. 313.

Hening has it Warrosquoiack, Vol. I., p. 149. In 1634 "the country divided into eight shires," and this being one of them. Hening there spells it Warrosquyoake. Vol. I., p. 224.

_At the Indian Thickett._

Henry Woodall,
Gregory Dory,
John Foster,
John Greene,
John Ward,
Christopher Wendmile,
Richard Rapier,
Cutbert Pierson,
Adam Rumell,
Richard Robinson,
James, a French man.

_At Elizabeth Cittye._[DD]

Capt. Isacke Whittakers,
Mary Whittakers,
Charles Atkinson,
Charles Calthrop,
John Lankfeild,
Bridges Freeman,
Nicholas Wesell,
Edward Loyd,
Thomas North,
Anthony Middleton,
Richard Popely,
Thomas Harding,
William Joye,
Raph Osborne,
Edward Barnes,
Thomas Thorugood,
Ann Atkinson,
---- Lankfeild,
---- Medclalfe,
George Nuce, 852
Elizabeth Whittakers,
George Roads,
Edward Jo_s_nson (sic.),
(qy. Johnson,)
William Fouller,
Reinold Goodwyn,
James Larmount,
John Jackson,
_vidua_ Johnson,
_vidua_ Fowler,
Two Frenchmen,
George Medcalfe,
Walter Ely,
Thomas Lane,
Barthelmew Hopkins,
John Jefferson,
Robert Thresher,
John Rowes,
Mr. Yates,
Robert Goodman,
_uxor_ Ely,
infant Ely,
Capt. Rawleigh Crashaw,
Robert Wright,
James Sleight,
John Welchman,
John More,
Henry Potter,
Mr. Roswell,
Mr. Roswell,
William Gawntlett,
Osborne Smith,
_uxor_ More,
_uxor_ Wright,
_uxor_ Wright,
_filia_ Wright,
Thomas Dowse,
Samwell Bennett,
William Browne,
William Allen,
Lewis Welchman,
Robert More,
Mrs. Dowse,
_uxor_ Bennett,
_pueri_ { Bennett,
{ Bennett,

[DD] _Elizabeth Citty._--The settlement which was the foundation of the county still known by the same name. It includes the peninsula formed by the Chesapeake bay and James river. At the meeting of the Burgesses in 1629 it was represented as two districts or burroughs, viz; the upper parte and the lower parte, each having three delegates, and the text shows that of these Thomas Willobouy of the upper and Adam Thoroughgood of the lower part were living there in 1626.

_At Bricke Row._[EE]

Thomas Flint,
John Hampton,
Richard Peirsby,
William Rookins,
Rowland Williams,
Steven Dixon,
Thomas Risby,
Henry Wheeler,
James Brooks,
Samuel Bennett,
John Carning,
Thomas Neares,
Robert Salvadge,
William Barry,
Joseph Hatfield,
Edward Marshall,
Ambrose Griffith,
Petter Arrundell,
Anthony Bonall, }
---- La Geurd, } Frenchmen,
James Bonall, a Frenchm.,
John Arrundell,
John Haine,
Nicholas Row,
Richard Althrop,
John Loyd
_uxor_ Haine (or Hame),
_uxor_ Hampton,
Elizabeth Arrundell,
Margret Arrundell, 927

[EE] _Bricke Row._--We can find no reference to this place unless "The Row" on the north side of the James a short distance above the mouth of the Chichahominy, on Fry and Jefferson's map is the place.

_At Bass's Choice._

Capt. Nathaniel Basse,
Samwell Basse,
Benjamin Simmes,
Thomas Sheward,
Benjamin Handcleare,
William Barnard,
John Shelley,
Nathaniell Moper,
Nath. Gammon,
Margrett Giles,
Richard Longe,
_uxor_ Longe,
infant Longe,
Richard Evans.
William Newman,
John Army,
Peter Langden,
Henry,
Andrew Rawley,
Peter.

_More at Elizabeth Cittie._

Lieutenant Sheppard,
John Powell,
John Wooley,
Cathren Powell,
John Bradston,
Francis Pitts,
Gilbert Whitfield,
Peter Hereford,
Thomas Faulkner,
Esaw de la Ware,
William Cornie,
Thomas Curtise,
Robert Brittaine,
Roger Walker,
Henry Kersly,
Edward Morgaine,
Anthony Ebsworth,
Agnes Ebsworth,
Elinor Harris,
Thomas Addison,
William Longe,
William Smith,
William Pinsen,
Capt. William Tucker,
Capt. Nick Martean,
Leftenant Ed. Barkly,
Daniell Tanner,
John Morris,
George Thomson,
Paule Thomson,
William Thomson,
Pasta Champin,
Stephen Shere,
Jeffery Hall
Rich. Jones,
William Hutchinson,
Richard Apleton,
Thomas Evans,
Weston Browne,
Robert Mounday,
Steven Colloe,
Ralph Adams,
Thomas Phillips,
Francis Barrett,
Mary Tucker,
Jane Brackley,
Elizabeth Higgins,
Mary Mounday,
Chouponke, an Indian,
Anthony, }
Isabella, } negroes.
Lieut. Lupo,
Phillip Lupo,
Bartholmew Wethersby,
Henry Draper,
Joseph Haman,
Elizabeth Lupo,
Albiano Wethersby,
John Laydon,
Ann Laydon,
Virginia Laydon,
Alice Laydon, 1009
Katherine Laydon,
William Evans,
William Julian,
William Kemp,
Richard Wither,
John Jornall,
Walter Mason,
Sara Julian,
Sara Gouldocke,
John Salter,
William Soale,
Jeremy Dickenson,
Lawrance Peele,
John Evans,
Marke Evans,
George Evans,
John Downeman,
Elizabeth Downeman,
William Baldwin,
John Sibley,
William Clarke,
Rice Griffine,
Joseph Mosley,
Robert Smith,
John Cheesman,
Thomas Cheesman,
Edward Cheesman,
Peter Dickson,
John Baynam,
Robert Sweet,
John Parrett,
William Fouks,
John Clackson,
John Hill,
William Morten,
William Clarke,
Edward Stockdell,
Elizabeth Baynam,
George Davies,
Elizabeth Davies,
Ann Harrison,
John Curtise,
John Walton,
Edward Oston,
Toby Hurt,
Cornelius May,
Elizabeth May,
Henry May, child,
Thomas Willowbey,
Oliver Jenkinson,
John Chandeler,
Nicholas Davies,
Jone Jenkins,
Mary Jenkins,
Henry Gouldwell,
Henry Prichard,
Henry Barber,
Ann Barber,
John Hutton,
Elizabeth Hutton,
Thomas Baldwin,
John Billiard,
Reynold Booth,
Mary,
Elizabeth Booth, child,
Capt. Thomas Davies,
John Davies,
Thomas Huges,
William Kildrige,
Alex^r Mountney,
Edward Bryan,
Percivall Ibotson,
John Penrice,
Robert Locke,
Elizabeth & Ann Ibotson,
Edward Hill,
Thomas Best,
Hanna Hill,
Elizabeth Hill,
Robert Salford,
John Salford,
Phillip Chapman,
Thomas Parter,
Mary Salford,
Francis Chamberlln,
William Hill,
William Harris,
William Worldige,
John Forth,
Thomas Spilman,
Rebecca Chamberlin,
Alice Harris, 1102
Pharow Phlinton,
Arthur Smith,
Hugh Hall,
Robert Sabin,
John Cooker,
Hugh Dicken,
William Gayne,
Richard Mintren, Jun^r,
Joane Hinton,
Elizabeth Hinton,
Rebecca Coubber,
Richard Mintren, Sen^r,
John Frye,
William Brooks,
Sibile and William Brooks,
Thomas Crispe,
Richard Packe,
Miles Prichett,
Thomas Godby,
Margery Prichett,
Jone Goodby,
Jone Grindry,
John Iniman,
Mary Grindry,
John Grindry, child,
John Waine,
Ann Waine,
Mary Ackland,
George Ackland,
John Harlow,
William Cappe,
Edward Walters,
Paule Harwood,
Nick. Browne,
Adam Througood,
Richard East,
Stephen Read,
Grace Watters,
Will^m Watters.
Will^m Ganey,
Henry Ganey,
John Robinson,
Robert Browne,
Thomas Parrish,
Edmund Spalden,
Roger Farbracke,
Theodor Jones,
William Baldwin,
Luke Aden,
Anna Ganey,
Anna Ganey, _filia_,
Elizabeth Pope,
Rebecca Hatch,
Thomasin Loxmore,
Thomas Garnett,
Elizabeth Garnett,
Susan Garnett,
Frances Michell,
Jonas Stockton,
Timothee Stockton,
William Cooke,
Richard Boulten,
Frances Hill,
John Jackson,
Richard Davies,
Ann Cooke,
Dictras Chrismus,
Thomas Hill,
Arthur Davies,
William Newcome,
Elizabeth Chrismus,
Joan Davies,
Thomas Hethersall,
William Douglas,
Thomas Douthorn,
Elizabeth Douthorn,
Samuel Douthorn, a boy,
Thomas, an Indian,
John Hazard,
Jone Hazard,
Henry,
Frances Mason,
Michaell Wilcocks,
William Querke,
Mary Mason,
Mandlin Wilcocks,
Mr. Keth, minister,
John Bush,
John Cooper,
Jonadab Illett,
John Barnaby,
John Seaward, 1195
Robest Newman,
William Parker,
Thomas Snapp,
Clement Evans,
Thomas Spilman,
Thomas Parrish.

_At the Eastern Shore._

Capt. William Epps,
Mrs. Epps,
Peter Epps,
William,
Edmond Cloake,
William Bribby,
Thomas Cornish,
John Fisher,
William Dry,
Henry Wilson,
Peter Porter,
Christopher Cartter,
John Sunnfill (or Sumfill),
Nicholal Graunger,
James Vocat Piper,
Edward,
John,
Thomas,
George,
Charles Farmer,
James Knott,
John Ascomb,
Robert Fennell,
Phillip,
Daniell Cogley,
William Andrews,
Thomas Granes,
John Wilcocks,
Thomas Crampe,
William Coomes,
John Parsons,
John Coomes,
James Chambers,
Robert Ball,
Goodwife Ball,
Thomas Hall,
Ismale Hills,
John Tyers,
Walter Scott,
Goodwife Scott,
Robert Edmonds,
Thomas Hichcocke,
John Evans,
Henry Wattkins,
Peregree Wattkins,
Daniell Watkins,
John Blower,
Gody Blower,
John,
A boy of Mr. Cans,
John How,
John Butterfeild,
William Davies,
Peter Longman,
John Wilkins,
Goodwife Wilkins,
Thomas Powell,
Gody Powell,
Thomas Parke,
William Smith,
Edward Drew,
Nicholas Hoskins,
and his child,
William Williams,
Mrs. Williams,
John Throgmorton,
Bennanine Knight,
Chad Gunston,
Abram Analin,
Thomas Blacklocke,
John Barnett,
Thomas Savadge,
William Beane,
Salamon Greene,
John Wasborne,
William Quills. 1277

_The End of the List of the Living._

A LIST OF THE NAMES OF THE DEAD IN VIRGINIA SINCE APRIL LAST.

FEB^y 16^{th}, 1623.

_Colledge._

William Lambert,
John Wood, }
William More, } killed,
Thomas Naylor, }
James Howell. }

_At the Neck of Land._

Moses Conyers,
George Grimes,
William Clements,
Thomas Fernley, killed,
Edward.

_At Jordain's Jorney._

Roger Much,
Mary Reese,
Robert Winter,
Robert Woods,
Richard Shriese,
Thomas Bull,
John Kinton,
Daniell.

_At West & Sherlow Hundred._

Samwell Foreman,
Zorobabell,
2 Indians,
One negar,
Thomas Roberts,
John Edmonds,
John Lasey,
Daniell Francke,
Capt. Nath. West,
Christopher Harding, killed.

_At Flower de Hundred._

John Mayor,
William Waycome,
Thomas Prise,
Robert Walkin,
John Fetherston,
John Ax. Roberts,
Richard Jones,
Richard Griffin,
Richard Ranke,
William Edger, 39
John Fry,
Dixi Carpenter,
William Smith,
James Cindnare,
Edward Temple,
Sara Salford,
John Stanton,
Christo. Evans.

_At James Cittie._

Mr. Sothey,
John Dumpont,
Thomas Browne,
Henry Sothey,
Thomas Sothey,
Mary Sothey,
Elizabeth Sothey,
Thomas Clarke,
Margarett Shrawley,
Richard Walker,
Vallentyne Gentler,
Peter Brishitt,
Humphrey Boyse,
John Watton,
Arthur Edwards,
Thomas Fisher,
William Spence, }
Mrs. Spence, } lost,
George Sharks,
John Bush,
Mr. Collins,
_uxor_ Collins,
Mr. Peyden,
Peter De Maine,
Goodman Ascomb,
Goodman Witts,
William Kerton,
Mr. Atkins,
Thomas Hakes,
Peter Gould,
Robert Ruffe,
Ambrose Fresey,
Henry Fry,
John Dinse,
Thomas Trundall,
Richard Knight,
John Jefferys,
John Hamun,
John Meridien,
John Countivane,
Thomas Guine,
Thomas Somersall,
William Rowsley,
Elizabeth Rowsley,
a maid of theirs,
Robert Bennett,
Thomas Roper,
Mr. Fitziefferys,
Mrs. Smith,
Peter Martin,
James Jakins,
Mr. Crapplace,
John Lullett,
Ann Dixon,
William Hewlett,
Mr. Furlow's child,
Jacob Prophett,
John Reding (or Reeing)
Ritchard Atkins,
his child,
John Bayly,
William Jones, his son and,
John, Mr. Pearis' servant,
Josias Hartt,
Judith Sharp,
Ann Quarle,
---- Reignolds,
William Dier,
Mary Dier,
Thomas Sexton,
Mary Brawdrye,
Edward Normansell,
Henry Fell,
---- Enims,
Roger Turnor,
Thomas Guine,
John Countway,
John Meriday, 125
Benjamine Usher,
John Haman,
John Jefferyes,
Richard Knight,
John Walker,
Hosier,
William Jackson,
William Apleby,
John Manby,
Arthur Cooke,
Stephen.

_At the Plantation over ag^t James Cittie._

Humphrey Clough,
Morris Chaloner,
Samuell Betton,
John Gruffin,
William Edwards,
Wiliam Salisbury,
Mathew Griffine,
Robert Adwards,
John Jones,
Thomas Prichard,
Thomas Morgaine,
Thomas Biggs,
Nicholas Bushell,
Robert Williams,
Robert Reynolds,
Edward Huies,
Thomas Foulke,
Mathew Jenings,
Richard Morris,
Frances Barke,
John Ewins,
Samwell Fisher,
John Ewins,
James Cartter,
Edward Fletcher,
Aderton Greene,
Morice Baker,
Robert, Mr. Ewins' man,
Robert Pidgion,
Thomas Triggs,
James Thursby,
Nicholas Thimbleby,
Frances Millett,
John Hooks,
Thomas Lawson,
William Miller,
Nicholas Fatrice,
John Champ,
John Maning,
Richard Edmonds,
David Collins,
Thomas Guine,
John Vicars,
John Meredie,
Beng. Usher,
John Cantwell,
Richard Knight,
Robert Hellue,
Thomas Barrow,
John Enines,
Edward Price,
Robert Taylor,
Richard Butterey,
Mary Lacon,
Robert Baines,
Joseph Arther,
Thomas Mason,
John Beman,
Christo. Pittman,
Thomas Willer,
Samwell Fulshaw,
John Walmsley,
Abram Colman,
John Hodges,
Naamy Boyle.

_At Hogg Island._

William Brakley,
Peter Dun,
John Long. 204

_At Martins Hundred._

Henry Bagford,
Nicholas Gleadston,
Nicholas Dornigton,
Raph Rogers,
Richard Frethram,
John Brogden,
John Beanam,
Francis Atkinson,
Robert Atkinson,
John Kerill,
Edward Davies,
Percivall Mann,
Mathew Staneling,
Thomas Nicholls,
2 children of the Frenchmen,
John Pattison, }
_uxor_ Pattison, } killed,
Edward Windor,
Thomas Horner,
John Walker,
Thomas Pope,
Richard Ston,
John Catesby,
Richard Stephens,
William Harris,
Christo. Woodward,
Joseph Turner.

_At Warwick Squrake._

Josias Collins, Clement Wilson, William Robinson, Christo. Rawson, Thomas Winslow, _uxor_ Winslow, infant Winslow, Alex^r Sussames, Thomas Prickett, Thomas Maddox, John Greene, Nathaniel Stanbridg, John Litton, Christo. Ash, _uxor_ Ash, infant Ash, Nethaniel Lawe,} Jane Fisher,} killed, Phillip Jones, Edward Banks, John Symons, Thomas Smith, Thomas Griffin, George Cane, Robert Whitt, Symon, an Italien. X/

_At Elizabeth Cittie._

Charle Marshall,
William Hopkicke,
Dorothie Parkinson,
William Robertts,
John Farrar,
Martin Cuffe,
Thomas Hall,
Thomas Smith,
Christo. Robertts,
Thomas Browne,
Henry Fearne,
Thomas Parkins,
Mr. Hussy,
James Collis,
Raph Rockley,
William Geales,
George Jones,
Andrew Allinson,
William Downes,
Richard Gillett,
Goodwife Nonn,
Hugo Smale, 280
Thomas Wintersall,
John Wright,
James Fenton,
Cisely, a maid,
John Gavett,
James, }
John, } Irishmen,
Jocky Armestronge,
Wolston Pelsant,
Sampson Pelsant,
Cathrin Capps,
William Elbridg,
John Sanderson,
John Bewbricke,
John Baker, killed,
William Lupo,
Timothy Burley,
Margery Frisle,
Henry West,
Jasper Taylor,
Brigett Searle,
Anthony Andrew,
Edmond Cartter,
Thomas ----,
William Gauntlett,
Gilbert ----, killed,
Christopher Welchman,
John Hilliard,
Gregory Hilliard,
John Hilliard,
William Richards,
Elizabeth, a maid,
Capt. Hickcocke,
Thomas Keinnston,
Capt. Lincolne,
Chad. Gulstons,
_uxor_ Gulstons,
infant Gulstons,
George Cooke,
Richard Goodchild,
Chrisenus, his child,
Elizabeth Mason,
Symon Wither,
Whitney Guy,
Thomas Brodbanke,
William Burnhouse,
John Sparkes,
Robert Morgaine,
John Locke,
William Thompson,
Thomas Fulham,
Cutberd Brooks,
Innocent Poore,
Edward Dupper,
Elizabeth Davies,
Thomas Buwen,
Ann Barber,
William Lucott,
Nicholas ----, killed,
Henry Bridges,
Henry Payton,
Richard Griffin,
Raph Harrison,
Samwell Harvie,
John Boxer,
Benjaimine Boxer,
Thomas Servant,
Frances Chamberline,
Bridgett Dameron,
Isarell Knowles,
Edward Bendige,
William Davies,
John Phillips,
Daniell Sandwell,
William Jones,
Robert Ball's wife,
Robert Leaner,
Hugh Nickcott,
John Knight.

_Out of the Ship called The Furtherance._

John Walker,
---- Hosier,
William Jackson,
William Apleby,
John Manby,
Arthur Cooke,
Steven. 366

_Out of the God's Gift._

Mr. Clare, master,
William Bennett.

_Out of the Margrett & John._

Mr. Langley,
Mr. Wright.

The Guner of the _William & John_. 371

_FINIS._

_EDITOR'S NOTE._

The reader will perceive that the foregoing list of the dead reports only those who had died "since April last" (1622), consequently does not include the victims of the Indian massacre, which occurred on the 22d of March of that year. The number which fell by that diabolical conspiracy, as reported by Smith, amounted to 347, and in his Generall Historie, at page 149, he has a list of the numbers murdered at different places. Neill copies from the Records of the Virginia Company (now in the Congressional Library at Washington) a list of their names--see his "History of the Virginia Company," pp. 339-346--and considering that it is proper to annex this to the list preceding we herewith give it. The total corresponds with the statement in Smith's Historie.

The number of deaths in the census list shows a mortality amounting in one year to upwards of twenty per cent. of the whole population, exceeding the number which fell in the massacre by twenty-four. The fullest details of this and many other matters relating to the Colony while under the Virginia Company, can be found more fully shown in Neill's History of the Virginia Company than in any other work we have seen.

* * * * *

"Here following is set downe a true list of the names of all those that were massacred by the treachery of the Sauages in Virginia, the 22^{nd} March last.

"To the end that their lawfull heyres may take speedy order for the inheritinge of their lands and estates there. For which the honourable Company of Virginia are ready to do them all right and fauour:"

_At Captaine Berckley's Plantation, seated at Falling Creeke, some 66 miles from James Citie, in Virginia._

John Berkley, Esquire,
Thomas Brasington,
John Sawyer,
Roger Dauid,
Francis Gowsh,
Bartholmew Peram,
Giles Peram,
John Dowler,
Laurence Dowler,
Lewis Williams,
Richard Bascough,
Thomas Holland,
John Hunt,
Robert Horner Mason,
Phillip Bames,
William Swandal,
Robert Williams, his Wife and Childe,
Giles Bradshawe, his Wife and Childe,
John Howlet and his sonne,
Thomas Wood and Collins his man,
Joseph Fitch, apothecary to Doctor Pots.

_At Master Thomas Sheffield Plantation, some three miles from the Falling Creeke._

Master Th: Sheffield[478] and Rachel his wife,
John Reeue,
William Tyler, a boy,
Samuel Reeue,
John Ellen,
Robert Tyler, a boy,
Mathew ----,
Judeth Howard,
Thomas Poole,
Methusalem ----,
Thomas Taylor,
William Tyler

[478] The son of William Sheffield.

_At Henrico Iland, about two miles from Sheffield's Plantation._

---- Atkins,
---- Weston,
Philip Shatford,
William Perigo,
Owen Jones, one of Capt. Berkley's people.

_Slaine of the Colledge People, about two miles from Henrico-Citie._

Samuel Stringer,
George Soldan,
William Basset,
John Perry,
Edward Ember,
Jarrat Moore,
Thomas Xerles,
Thomas Freeman,
John Allen,
Thomas Cooke,
John Clements,
James Faulkoner,
Christopher Henley,
William Jordan,
Robert Dauis,
Thomas Hobson,
William Bailey.

_At Apo-mattucke River, at Master Abraham Pierce his Plantation, some five miles off the Colledge People._

William Charte,
Jo: Waterhowse,
John Barker, a boy,
Robert Yeoman.

_At Charles-Citie and about the precincts of Capt. Smith's Company._

Roger Royal,
Thomas Jones,
Robert Maruel,
Edward Heydon,
Henry Bushel.

_At other Plantations next adioyning._

Richard Plat and his Brother,
Henry Milward, his wife, his Childe and his Sister,
Richard, a boy,
Goodwife Redhead.

_At Mr. William Farrar's House._

Master John England and his man,
John Bel,
Henricke Peterson and Alice, his Wife, and William, her sonne,
Thomas, his man,
James Woodshaw,
Mary and }
Elizabeth, } Maid servants.

_At Berkley-Hundred, some five miles from Charles-Citie._

Capt. George Sharpe, Esq., one of his Maiesties Petitioners.
John Rowles,
Richard Rowles, his Wife and Childe,
Giles Wilkins,
Giles Bradway,
Richard Fereby,
Thomas Sharpe,
Robert Jordan,
Edward Painter.

_At Westouer, about a mile from Berkley-Hundred._

And First at Cap. Fr. West's Plantation:

James English,
Richard Dash.

At Master John West's Plantation:

Christopher Turner,
Dauid Owen.

At Capt. Nathanael Wests:

Michael Aleworth,
John Wright.

At Lieutenant Gibs his Dividend:

John Paly,
Thomas Ratcliffe,
Michael Booker,
John Higglet,
Nathanael Earle,
John Gibbes,
William Parker,
Richard Wainham,
Benomy Keyman,
Thomas Gay,
James Vpfall,
Daniel, M^r Dombelowes man.

At Mr. Richard Owen's House:

Richard Owen,
Stephen Dubo,
Francis, an Irishman,
Thomas Paine,
One old Maid called blinde Margaret,
William Reeue.

At Master Owen Macar's House:

Owen Macar,
Garret Farrel,
Richard Yeaw,
One Boy.

At Master Macock's Dividen:

Capt. Samuel Macock, Esquire,
Edward Lister,
Thomas Browne,
John Downes.

_At Flowerdieu-Hundred, Sir George Yeardley's Plantation._

John Philips,
Thomas Nuson,
John Braford,
Robert Taylor,
Samuel Jarret,
Elizabeth Bennet.

_At the other side of the River, opposite to Flowerdieu-Hundred._

Master Hobson and his wife,
Richard Storks,
John Slaughter,
Thomas Philips,
Richard Campion,
Anne Greene.

_At Mr. Swinhowe his House._

Mistris Swinhow and Thomas and George Swinhow, her sonnes,
Richard Mosse,
John Larkin,
William Blyth,
Thomas Grindal.

_At Mr. William Bikar's House._

William Bykar,
Math. Hawthorn and his wife,
Edward Pierce,
Nicholas Howsdon.

_At Weynoack of Sir George Yeardley his people._

Nathaniel Elie,
John Flores,
Henry Gape,
---- Buckingham,
William Puffet,
William Walker,
John Gray,
James Boate,
John Suersby,
Thomas Euans,
Thomas ap-Richard,
Henry Haynes,
John Blewet,
Henry Rice,
---- Hurt,
Jonas Alpart,
Thomas Stephens,
Samuel Goodwine,
John Snow and his Boy,
Margery Blewet.

_At Powle-Brooke._

Capt. Nath. Powle, Esq., and his wife, Daughter to M^r Tracey,
Mistris Bray,
Adam Rayner's wife,
Barbara Burges,
William Head,
Thomas Woolcher,
William Meakins,
Robert ----,
Peter Jordan,
Nathanael Leydon,
Peter Goodale.

_At Southampton Hundred._

Robert Goffe and his wife,
William Larkum,
John Dauis,
William Mountsort.

_At Martin Brandons._

Lieutenant Sanders,
Ensigne Sherley,
John Taylor and his wife,
2 Boyes,
Mathew, a Polander.

_At Captaine Spilman's House._

John Basingthwayte,
Walter Shawe.

_At Ensigne Spence his House._

William Richmond,
John Fowler,
Alexander Bale,
William Fierfax,
The Tinker.

_Persons slaine at Martins-Hundred, some seaven miles from James-Citie._

Lieutenant Rich: Kean,
Master Tho: Boise &
Mistris Boise, his wife &
a sucking Childe,
4 of his men,
A Maide,
2 Children,
Nathanael Jefferies wife,
Margaret Dauies,
3 seruants,
Master John Boise,
his wife,
A Maide,
4 Men-seruants,
Laurence Wats,
his Wife,
2 Men seruants,
Timothy Moise,
his Man,
Henry Bromage,
his Wife,
his Daughter,
his Man,
Edward How,
his Wife,
his Childe,
A child of John Jackson,
4 Men seruants,
Josua Dary,
his wife,
Richard Staples,
his wife,
and Childe,
2 Maides,
6 Men and Boyes,
Walter Dauies &
his brother,
Christopher Guillam,
Thomas Combar,
A Man,
Ralphe Digginson,
his Wife,
Richard Cholser,
George Jones,
Cisby Cooke,
his wife,
Dauid Bons,
John Benner,
John Mason,
William Pawmet,
Thomas Bats,
Peter Lighborrow,
James Thorley,
Robert Walden,
Thomas Tolling,
John Butler,
Edward Rogers,
Maximilian Russel,
Henry, a Welchman.

_At Mr. Thomas Pierce his House over against Mulberry Iland._

Master Tho: Pierce,
his Wife,
and Childe,
John Hopkins,
John Samon,
A French Boy.

_At Mr. Edward Bennets Plantation._

Mastter Th: Brewood,
his wife,
his Childe,
Robert Gray,
John Griffin,
Ensigne Harrison,
John Costard,
Dauid Barry,
Thomas Sheppard,
Henry Price,
Robert ----,
Edward Jolby,
Richard ----,
Alice Jones,
Thomas Cooke,
Philip Worth,
Mathew a maid,
Francis Winder,
Thomas Conly,
Richard Woodward,
Humfrey Cropen,
Thomas Bacon,
Euan Watkins,
Richard Lewis,
Edward Towse,
2 Seruants,
Thomas Ferris,
George Cole,
Remember Michel,
---- Bullocke,
Richard Chandler,
Henry Moore,
Nicholas Hunt,
John Corderoy,
Richard Cockwell,
John Howard,
Mistris Harrison,
Mary Dawks,
Annie English,
Rebecca ----,
Master Prowse,
Hugh ----,
John ----,
Edward ----,
Mistris Chamberlin,
Parnel a maid,
Humfrey Sherbrooke,
John Wilkins,
John Burton.

John Scotchmore, } M^r John Pontis his men.
Edward Turner, }

Edward Brewster, Lieutenant Pierce his man.

Thomas Holland, Capt. Whittakers man.

_At Master Walters his house._

Master Edward Walters,
his wife,
a Childe,
a Maid,
a Boy.

The whole number 347.

A BRIEFE DECLARATION OF THE PLANTATION OF VIRGINIA

DURINGE THE FIRST TWELVE YEARES, WHEN SIR THOMAS SMITH WAS GOVERNOR OF THE COMPANIE, & DOWNE TO THIS PRESENT TYME.

BY THE

ANCIENT PLANTERS NOWE REMAINING ALIVE IN VIRGINIA.

1624.

PREFACE.

The next paper presented in this collection is a copy of the one from which Mr. Bancroft quotes in his introductory note to the meeting of the first Assembly, referring to it as "MS. in my possession." This is printed from the copy among the McDonald papers, and with its title and endorsements no intimation is given as to the date of its preparation, its author or authors, to whom it was addressed, or the use intended to be made of it. These questions are, however, answered almost entirely by reference to the entries in "Sainsbury's Calendar of State Papers," which, on pp. 65-'6, has the following: "1624. July. Petition of Gov. Sir Francis Wyatt, the Council and Assembly of Virginia to the King. Have understood that his Majesty, notwithstanding the unjust disparagement of the Plantation, has taken it under his especial care; intreat that credit may not be given to the late declarations presented to his Majesty concerning the happy, but indeed miserable, estate of the Colony during the first twelve years (of Sir Thos. Smith's government), nor to the malicious imputations which have been laid upon the late government. Inclose the true state of both, and earnestly request that the present government may be continued. Pray that the King's tender compassion will not allow them to fall into the hands of Sir Thos. Smith or his confidents." Signed by Sir Fran. Wyatt, Capt. Fan. West, Sir George Yeardley and eighty-six others. _Inclose._--"Brief Declaration of the Plantation," &c., giving the whole title of this paper, verbatim, and a copious abstract of its contents. The earliest account of the horrors it relates is to be found in Smith's History, p. 105, in what is called "the examinations of Doctor Simons." This writer gives full details of the straits to which the Colonists were reduced and the expedients to which they resorted to appease hunger in 1609; adding, after the statements in regard to eating the Indian who had been buried several days and their eating "one another boyled, and stewed with rootes and herbes," the account of the man who "did kill his wife, powdered her, and had eaten part of her before it was known," and adding with a grim humour, "now whether shee was better roasted, boyled or carbonado'd, I know not, but of such a dish as powdered wife, I never heard of." His statements are copied, with more or less variation, by Beverley, Stith, Keith and Burke, but not one of them go into the disgusting and improbable details named in the "Brief Declaration." Campbell also reports the stories, but adds, in regard to the wife murderer, "upon his trial it appeared that cannibalism was feigned to palliate the murder," p. 93. Neill quotes from the Records of the Virginia Company, "The Tragical Relation of Virginia Assembly," which was transmitted to England about 1621; this was intended as a reply to a petition of Alderman Johnson and others, who had represented to the King that the reports in regard to Sir Thos. Smith's management were false, and desiring an investigation. These petitioners were members of a faction which desired to break up the Virginia Company. In the Relation of the Assembly, Smith is charged with all the cruelties to the Colonists which are mentioned in this "Brief Declaration"; torturing and starving to death being the punishments for minor offences; and asserting their confidence in the truth of these statements by concluding it with these words: "And rather to be reduced to live under the like government we desire his Ma^{ties} commissioners may be sent over w^{th} authoritie to hange us." This is signed by thirty members of the General Assembly, including among the names, those of George Sandys, the poet, traveller and Secretary of the Colony, and Raph Hamor, the chronicler--See Neill, pp. 407-411.

There is another reference to this starving time (as it is called) and its accompanying horror, which should not be allowed to pass without notice. As above stated, the worst state of affairs was reported to have existed in 1609, and in the next year a pamphlet with the following title was issued, "A true declaration of the estate of the Colonie of Virginia, with a refutation of such scandalous reports as haue tended to the disgrace of so worthy an enterprise. Published by aduise and direction of the Councell of Virginia. London, 1610." The writer of which, after referring to the slanders which had been circulated in regard to Sir Thos. Smith's government, and especially of the story of the wife-eater, says, "Sir Thomas Gates thus relateth the tragedie," and then follows a long passage to the effect that "one of the companie mortally hated his wife," and having killed her and secreted her body after cutting it into peices; when it was found out he said she died and he had hid her to satiafie his hunger, and had fed daily upon her, but upon searching his house they found a large quantity of provisions.--See Force's tracts, Vol. III. The writers of the "Brief Declaration," and the "True Declaration," must have seen this statement published ten or twelve years before they wrote, and it is a little remarkable that they should have persisted in repeating a story which was far from being well authentitcated, especially as the true statement did not need this addition to increase the odium incurred by the mismanagement of Sir Thos. Smith, the evidences of which are herein set forth.

Stith reports the stories of the Indian "that had been slain and buried" being taken up and eaten, and "so did several others, one another that died," and also that of the man who "killed his wife and powdered her up, and eat the greater portion before it was discovered;" and adds, for many years after it was "remembered by the name of the _starving time_," p. 116-117. For many particulars nowhere else given, see Neill's History, pp. 407-411.

STATE PAPER OFFICE. } COLONIAL. } _Volume 3, No. 21, I._ }

A BREIFE DECLARATION _of the Plantation of Virginia duringe the
first Twelve Yeares, when Sir Thomas Smith was Governor of the
Companie, & downe to this present tyme. By the Ancient Planters
nowe remaining alive in Virginia._

Wheras in the beginninge of Sir Thomas Smith's twelve yeares government, it was published in printe throughout the Kingdome of Englande that a Plantation should be settled in Virginia for the glorie of God in the propogation of the Gospell of Christ, the conversion of the Savages, to the honour of his Majesty, by the enlargeinge of his territories and future enrichinge of his kingdome, for which respects many noble & well minded persons were induced to adventure great sums of money to the advancement of soe pious & noble a worke, who have from the very first been frustrate of their expectation, as wee conceive, by the misgovernment of Sir Thomas Smith, aiminge at nothinge more then a perticular gaine, to be raised out of the labours of such as both voluntarilie adventured themselves and were otherwise sent over at the common charge. This will cleerely appeare in the examination of the first expedition & severall supplies in the tyme of his government.

The first Plantation in Virginia consisted of one hundred persons, so slenderly provided for that before they had remained halfe a yeare in this new Collony they fell into extreame want, not havinge anything left to sustein them save a little ill conditioned Barley, which ground to meal & pottage made thereof, one smale ladle full was allowed each person for a meale, without bread or aught else whatsoever, so that had not God, by his great providence, moved the Indians, then our utter enemies, to bringe us reliefe, we had all utterlie by famine perished. How unable so small a companye of people, soe poorely sent over, were to make way for such as shoulde followe, may easily be judged.

The first supplie beinge two shippes, the John & Francis & Phenix, with one hundred & twenty persons, worse every way provided for then the former, arrived heere about eight or nine months after & found the Collony consistinge of no more then forty persons (of those) tenn only able men, the rest at point of death, all utterly destitute of howses, not one as yet built, so that they lodged in cabbins & holes within the grounde; victualls they had none, save some small reliefe from the Indians, as some yet living weare feelinge witnesses, neither were we for our future and better maintenance permitted to manure or till any grounde, a thing in a new Plantation principally to be regarded, but weare by the direction of Sir Thomas Smith, and his officers heere, wholly imployed in cuttinge downe of masts, cedar, blacke wallnutt, clapboarde, &c., and in digginge gould oare (as some thought) which beinge sent for England proved dirt. These works to make retorne of present proffit hindered others of more necessary consequence of Plantation.

After this first supplie there were some few poore howses built, & entrance made in cleeringe of grounde to the quantitye of foure acres for the wholl Collony, hunger & sickness not permitting any great matters to bee donne that yeare.

The second supplie was a ship called the Mary Margett, which arrived here nine months after, about the time of Michaellmas, in her sixty persons, most gentlemen, few or no tradesmen, except some Polanders to make Pitch, tarre, potashes, &c., to be retorned for present gaine, soe meanly likewise were these furnished forth for victualles, that in lesse then two monthes after their arrivall, want compelled us to imploye our time abroad in trading with the Indians for corne; whereby though for a time we partly relieved our necessities, yet in Maye followinge we weare forced (leavinge a small guarde of gentlemen & some others about the president at James Towne) to disperse the wholl Collony, some amongst the Salvadges but most to the Oyster Banks, where they lived uppon oysters for the space of nine weekes, with the allowance only of a pinte of Indian corne to each man for a week, & that allowance of corne continued to them but two weekes of the nine, which kinde of feeding caused all our skinns to peele off, from head to foote, as if we had beene flead. By this time arrived Captaine Samuell Argall in a small Barque, with him neither supplie of men nor victualls from the Company; but we understandinge that he had some small provisions of bread and wine, more then would serve his owne companie, required him and the master of the Barque to remaine ashoare whilst we might bring his sailes ashoare the better to assure us of his ship & such provisions as coulde be spared, whereunto he seemed willingly to condescend. Those provisions, at a small allowance of Biskett, cake, and a small measure of wine or beere to each person for a Daye some what relieved us for the space of a month, at the end of which time arrived the thirde supplie, called Sir Thomas Gates, his fleet, which consisted of seaven shippes & neere five hundred persons with whom a small proportion of victuall, for such a number, was landed; howses few or none to entertain them, so that being quartered in the open feilde they fell uppon that small quantitye of corne, not beinge above seaven acres, which we with great penury & sufferance had formerly planted, and in three days, at the most, wholly devoured it.

These numbers, thus meanly provided, not being able to subsist and live together weare soone after devided into three parties and dispersed abroad for their better reliefe. The first under commande of Captaine Francis West to feat at the head of the River; a second under commande of Captaine John Smith, then President, at James Towne, & the other, with Capt. John Martin, in the River at Nansamun, which divisions gave occasions to the Indiens treacherously to cutt off divers of our men & boates, and forced the rest at the end of sixe weekes, havinge spent those small provisions they had with them, to retire to James Town & that in the depth of winter, when by reason of the colde, it was not possible for us to endure to wade in the water (as formerly) to gather oysters to satisfie our hungry stomacks, but constrained to digge in the grounde for unwholesome rootes whereof we were not able to get so many as would suffice us, in respect of the frost at that season & our poverty & weakness, so that famine compelled us wholly to devoure those Hogges, Dogges & horses that weare then in the Collony, together with rates, mice, snakes, or what vermin or carryon soever we could light on, as alsoe Toadstooles, Jewes eares, or what els we founde growing upon the grounde that would fill either mouth or belly; and weare driven through unsufferable hunger unnaturallie to eat those thinges which nature most abhorred, the flesh and excrements of man, as well of our owne nation as of an Indian, digged by some out of his grave after he had laien buried three daies & wholly devoured him; others, envyinge the better state of boddie of any whom hunger had not yet so much wasted as there owne, lay waight and threatened to kill and eat them; one amonge the rest slue his wife as she slept in his bosome, cutt her in peeces, powdered her & fedd uppon her till he had clean devoured all partes saveinge her heade, & was for soe barbarouse a fact and cruelty justly executed. Some adventuringe to seeke releife in the woods, dyed as they fought it, & weare eaten by others who found them dead. Many putt themselves into the Indians' handes, though our enemies, and were by them slaine. In this extremitye of famine continued the Collony till the twenteth of Maye, when unexpected, yet happely, arrived Sir Thomas Gates & Sir George Somers in two small Barques[FF] which they had built in the Sommer Islands after the wreake of the Sea adventure wherin they sett forth from Englande, with them one hundred persons barely provided of vittel for themselves. They founde the Collony consistinge then of but sixty persons most famished and at point of death, of whom many soone after died; the lamentable outcries of theirs soe moved the hartes of those worthies, not being in any sorte able long to releive their wantes they soone resolved to imbarque themselves & this poore remainder of the Collonye, in those two pinnaces & two other small Barques then in the River, to sett saile for Newfoundland where they might releive their wants & procure one safer passage for Englande. Every man, glad of this resolution, laboured his uttmost to further it, so that in three weekes we had fitted those barques and pinnaces (the best we could) & quitted James Towne, leaving the poore buildings in it to the spoile of the Indians, hopeinge never to retorne to re-possess them. When we had not sailed downe the River above twelve miles but we espied a boat which afterwards we understoode came from the right Honourable Lorde La Ware, who was then arived at Point Comfort with three good shipps, wherin he brought two hundred and fifty persons with some store of Provisions for them; but by reason he founde the Collony in so great want was forced to put both his owne people & the rest of the Collony to a very meane allowance, which was seven pounde of English meale for a man a weeke, & five pounds for every woman, without the addition of any victuall whatsoever, except, in the stead of meale, we took valuablie either pease or oatmeale. Uppon the arrival of that boat, Sir Thomas Gates understandinge from the Lord La Ware, that his Lordship was arrived with commission from the Company to be Gov^r & Capt. Gen^l of Virginia, & had brought men & provisions for the subsistinge & advancing of the Plantation, he the very next daye, to the great griefe of all his Company (only except Capt. John Martin), as winde and weather gave leave, retorned his whole company with charge to take possession againe of those poore ruinated habitations at James Towne which he had formerly abandoned; himselffe in a boate proceeded downeward to meete his Lordship who, making all speede up, arrived shortly after at James Towne. The time of the yeare being then most unseasonable, by intemperate heat, at the end of June his people suddenly fallinge generally into most pestilent diseases of Callentures and feavors, not lesse then one hundred & fifty of them died within few moneths after, & that chiefly for want of meanes to comfort them in their weak estates. The residue alsoe disabled by reason of sicknes could performe nothing that yeare to the advancement of the Collony, yet with the help of those people which had arrived with Sir Thomas Gates, together with some of the ancient Planters, who by use weare growen practique in a hard way of livinge, two small forts weare erected neare the rivers mouth at Kicoughtun, encompassed with small younge trees, haveinge for housing in the one, two formerlie built by the Indians & covered with bark by them, in the other a tent with some few thatcht cabbins which our people built at our comming thether. We founde divers other Indian Howses built by the natives which by reason we could make no use of we burnt, killinge to the number of twelve or fourteene Indians, & possessinge such corne as we founde growinge of their plantinge. We remained there untill harvest, when we reaped (besides what we spent) about the quantitie of one hundred and fiftie bushells of corne, which, by order from the Lord La Ware, was transported to James Towne.

[FF] "The Deliverance, of 70 tonn, and the Patience, of 30 tonn." Letter from the Lord Delaware, Governor of Virginia to the patentees in England.--Introduction to Strachey's _Virginia Brittania_, p. xxiii.

His Lordship intendinge to send up certain forces to march towardes the mountaines for the discoverie of gold or silver mines at the end of October, sent his Patents to Captaine Yardley and Captaine Holcroft, commanders of those two forts at Kicoughtan, wherin his Lordship gave order that they should be forthwith abandoned & the people with all speede to be brought to James Citie, there to prepare for his intended march.

At that time there arrived a small ship called the daintie, with twelve men & one woman, some little provision of victuall, two or three horses & some other slight necessaries for the Collony. Soon after we sett forward for our intended march, havinge for our leaders Captaine Edwarde Brewster & Captaine George Yeardley, being in number one hundred persons, furnished with all such necessary provisions, as the Collony at that time out of its poverty was able to provide. This designe was hindered by reason of the unfortunate losse of all our chieffe men skillfull in findeinge out mines, who weare treacherously slaine by the Salvadges (inviteinge them ashoare to eat victualls which they wanted) even when the meate was in theire mouthes, they careinge only to fill their bellies, foresaw not to prevent this danger which befell them.

This injury we revenged for the present (as we coulde) by killinge some Indians and burninge many houses, but by reason of this disaster we proceeded not farther on our journey then the head of the River, where we spent about three moneths doinge little but induringe much; his Lordship was there in person for the most part of that time, but his disease of body groweinge much upon him he resolved to retire to James Towne, givinge order that the fort which we had built there shoulde bee quitted and the troupe drawn downe, which accordingly was done. His Lordship then in regarde of his sickness was advised to putt to Sea in his ship, the Delaware, to seeke remedie in some other parts for the health of his bodye. At his going he left Captaine George Percie Deputie Governor, the people (remaining under his command) provided for three months at a short allowance of victuals. The calamities of these times would not any way permit workes of great importance to bee performed, sith that we did was as much as we coulde doe to live and defende our selves.

The Plantations helde at his Lordships departure were only James Towne and Pointe Comforte, where was a small Fort fenced with Pallisadoes, in it one slight howse, a store and some few thatcht cabbins, which shortly after by casualtie was burnt with fire; some few great ordinance were slenderlye mounted at James Towne and Pointe Comfort.

A fortnight after his Lordship's departure arrived a small ship called the Hercules, with some thirty people and some provisions for them. The tweife of May followeinge arrived Sir Thomas Dale with three ships and three hundred persons, his provisions for them of such qualitie (for the most part) as hogges refused to eat, some whereof were sent backe to England to testifie the same, and that the rest was not better was justified upon oath before the Hono^{ble} the Lorde Cheife Justice of the Common Pleas, at Guilde hall in London, by Sir Thos. Gates & two other gentlemen.

Sir Thomas Dale, takinge into consideration the precedent times not to have succeeded accordinge to the greedy desire of Sir Thomas Smith, presently imployed the general Colony about the lading of those three ships with such freight as the country then yealded, but a little before the ships were readie to depart, Sir Thomas Gates arrived with three ships and three carvills, with him three hundred persons meanly provided with victualls for such a number. In this fleet, to our remembrance, arrived sixtie cowes and some swine; it was his care to dispatch those shipps and carvills fraighted (as aforesaid) to the neglect of workes of greater importance. Sir Thomas Dale imediately uppon his arrival, to add to that extremitye of miserye under which the Collonye from her infancie groaned, made and published most cruell and tiranous lawes, exceeding the strictest rules of marishall discipline, which lawes were sent over by Sir Thomas Dale to Sir Thomas Smith by the hande of Mr. William Starchey,[GG] then Secretarie to the State, and were retorned in print, with approbation, for our future government, as in divers bookes yet extant more fully appeareth.

[GG] Mr. Strachey, sailed with Lord Delaware on the 1st of April, 1610, and arrived at the Capes on the 15th of May. He remained about two years. He left a well written manuscript account of his observations, with this title: "The Historie of travaile into Virginia Brittania, * * * gathered and discovered as well by those who went first hither, as collected by William Strachey, Gent., the first secretary of the Colony;" which, edited by R.A. Major, Esq., of the British Museum, was published by the Hakluyt society in 1849.

At Michaellmas then next followinge, Sir Thomas Dale removed himself with three hundred persons for the buildinge of Henrico Towne, where being landed he oppressed his whole companye with such extraordinarye labors by daye and watchinge by night, as maye seeme incredible to the eares of any who had not the experimentall triall thereof. Wante of houses at first landinge in the colde of winter, and pinchinge hunger continually bitinge, made those imposed labours moft insufferable, and the best fruits and effects therof to be noe better then the slaughter of his Majesty's free subjects by starveinge, hangeinge, burneinge, breakinge upon the wheele and shootinge to deathe, some (more than halfe famished) runninge to the Indians to gett reliefe beinge againe retorned were burnt to death. Some for stealinge to satisfie their hunger were hanged, and one chained to a tree till he starved to death; others attemptinge to run awaye in a barge and a shallop (all the Boates that were then in the Collonye) and therin to adventure their lives for their native countrye, beinge discovered and prevented, were shott to death, hanged and broken upon the wheele, besides continuall whippings, extraordinary punishments, workinge as slaves in irons for terme of yeares (and that for petty offences) weare dayly executed. Many famished in holes and other poore cabbins in the grounde, not respected because sicknes had disabled them for labour, nor was their sufficient for them that were more able to worke, our best allowance beinge but nine ounces of corrupt and putrified meale and haife a pinte of oatmeale or pease (of like ill condition) for each person a daye. Those provisions were sent over by one Winne, a Draper, and Caswell, a baker, by the appointment (as we conceave) of Sir Thomas Smith. Under this Tiranus Government the Collony continued in extreame slavery and miserye for the space of five yeares, in which time many, whose necessities enforced the breach of those lawes by the strictness and severitye therof, suffered death and other punishments. Divers gentlemen both there and at Henrico towne, and throughout the wholl Collonye (beinge great adventurers and no trendes or alliance to Sir Thomas Smith) weare feeling members of those generall calamities, as far forth as the meanest fellow sent over.

The buildings and fortifications of that Towne, or thereabouts, were noe way extraordinary, neither could want, accompanied with bloode and crueltie, effect better.

Fortification against a foreign enemy there was none, only two or three peeces of ordenance mounted, and against a domestic noe other but a pale inclosinge the Towne to the quantitye of foure acres, within which those buildings that weare erected, coulde not in any man's judgement, neither did stande above five yeares and that not without continuall reparations; true it is that there was a Bricke Church intended to be built, but not soe much as the foundation therof ever finished, but we contentinge our selves with a church of wood answerable to those houses. Many other workes of like nature weare by him donne at Henrico and the precincts therof, but so slightly as before his departure hence, he himself saw the ruine and desolation of most of them.

Sir Thomas Gates likewise in his time erected some buildinges in and about James Towne, which by continuall cost in repaireinge of them doe yet for the most part in some sort remaine.

A framed Bridge was alsoe then erected, which utterly decayed before the end of Sir Thomas Smith's government, that being the only bridge (any way soe to be called) that was ever in the country. At this time in all these labours, the miserye throughout the wholl Collony, in the scarcitye of foode was equall; which penurious and harde kinde of liveinge, enforced and emboldened some to petition to Sir Thomas Gates (then Governor) to grant them that favor that they might employ themselves in husbandry, that therby they and all others by plantinge of corne, might be better fed then those supplies of victual which were sent from Englande woulde afforde to doe, which request of theirs was denied unlesse they woulde paye the yearlye rent of three barrels of corne and one monthe's worke to the Collonye, although many of them had been imployed in the generall workes and services of the Collony from the beginninge of the Plantation, which harde condition of Tenantship was then accepted rather then they woulde continue in those generall services and employments noe waye better then slavery. Most part of the time that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thos. Dale governed we were at warre with the natives, so that by them divers times were many of our people slaine, whose blood Sir Thomas Dale neglected not to revenge, by divers and sundry executions, in killinge many, cuttinge downe and takinge away their corne, burninge their houses, spoiling their weares, &c.[HH]