Chapter I: Part 1

COLOURED

ENGRAVINGS

OF

HEATHS.

Coloured Engravings

OF

HEATHS.

THE

DRAWINGS

TAKEN FROM

LIVING PLANTS ONLY.

WITH

THE APPROPRIATE SPECIFIC CHARACTER, FULL DESCRIPTION, NATIVE PLACE
OF GROWTH, AND TIME OF FLOWERING OF EACH;

In Latin and English.

EACH FIGURE ACCOMPANIED BY ACCURATE DISSECTIONS OF THE SEVERAL
PARTS, (MAGNIFIED WHERE NECESSARY,) UPON WHICH THE
SPECIFIC DISTINCTION HAS BEEN FOUNDED,

ACCORDING TO THE

LINNÆAN SYSTEM.

THE WHOLE EXECUTED

_By H. C. ANDREWS_,

BOTANICAL PAINTER, ENGRAVER, &C.

VOL. I.

LONDON:

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR, NO. 5, KNIGHTSBRIDGE.

_Printed by T. Bensley, Bolt Court, Fleet Street._

1802.

ADDRESS.

In his endeavours to illustrate this brilliant and extended tribe of plants, the author thinks it necessary to premise, by way of deprecating the opinion of the Public on this part of his labours; that, as all his drawings are taken from cultivated plants, some of them may thence appear less picturesque, than if he indulged his fancy in their design; or more fortunately, have enjoyed the opportunity of copying them on the soil where nature has placed them indigenous: But, as the latter never was within his power; he would rather stand convicted of apparent want of taste, in the execution of a work where ornament should give way to science, than be taxed with having varied from a just representation of the plant, as it must meet the eye of the British Botanist. Numerous and beautiful as are the specimens of this Genus, in the splendid herbariums of Sir J. Banks, Bart. P. R. S. &c.; G. Hibbert, Esq.; A. B. Lambert, Esq. &c. &c.; yet, as the dried plant exhibits so very different an appearance, from the living one, in every character necessary for a perfect drawing, but particularly in the blossoms; no advantage can be taken, to ornament, or add to, the present undertaking, from them; unless, by comparison, to determine some species, which have been described by those Botanists who have named them at the Cape of Good Hope. Since, therefore, the original intent of this work, was, (and in its progress we have found no reason to alter the plan,) to give figures of those species of Heaths, only, which are actually cultivated in the different collections of this country: so, whatever may be imputed to want of freedom in the pencil of the artist, it is hoped, will be covered by this reflection; that he has invariably copied nature, though in a formal dress, without assuming the general licence of the painter. In pursuing the Botanical part of the work, he has endeavoured to give the specific names which are in general use in Britain, where the plant is commonly known in our gardens, in preference to any, published by either foreign or English Botanists which have not that character. Where the plant is new with us, but has a published, and received name among Botanists, he has invariably adopted it; but where none could be traced, to the best of his judgment, he has given it, then only, an appropriate title. A few alterations from the original plan, arising from the inundation of new species since the commencement of the work, it will be necessary briefly to state. He had at first arranged the whole of the Genus, then known, from the method given by Linnæus, under two general heads, Bearded and Beardless tips; but, from the numbers now in our possession, which cannot, with any propriety, be placed under either head, he has been induced to alter it; and has formed them, under five of the most ostensible, and general characters of the same parts. Thus, 1st, bearded, where the tips are simple, and awned at the base; 2d, crested when the tips are terminated by a curved like feather; 3d, two-horned, when the termination of the tip is thrown inward, and the parts quite smooth; 4th, beardless, where no protuberant part is seen, the tips of an oblong-form, and fixed by their backs to the threads; 5th, pencilled, where no apparent division, but from colour, is perceiveable in the Chives, which protrude considerably beyond the blossom. For the accommodation of those who wish to know what Synonims are attached to our figures, a statement is given, of those most worthy notice; under the names of the various authors from whence they are collated. These we have confined to six of the most modern; from whose works, if farther research may be thought necessary, a longer list may be obtained. As it is but bare justice to make acknowledgment for favours received; what remains for the author is to mention with gratitude, at least, the persons, from whose kind indulgence in the free use of their collections, he has chiefly drawn his resources.

G. HIBBERT, Esq. Clapham Common, Surrey. The Honourable Marquis of BLANDFORD, White Knights, Berkshire. Messrs. LEE and KENNEDY, Nurserymen, Hammersmith, Middlesex. The late Lady ARCHER, Ham Common, Surrey. The Honourable WILLIAM HENRY IRBY, Farnham Royal, Berks. The late J. ROBERTSON, Stockwell, Surrey. J. VERE, Esq. Kensington Gore, Middlesex.

ERICA.

CLASSIS VIII. ORDO I.

_OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA._

CHARACTER GENERICUS.

CALYX. _Perianthium_ tetraphyllum; _foliolis_ ovato-oblongis, persistentibus.

COROLLA monopetala, campanulata, quadrifida, sæpé ventricosa.

STAMINA. _Filamenta_ octo, capillaria, receptaculo inserta. _Antheræ_ apice bifidæ.

PISTILLUM. _Germen_ subrotundum, superum. _Stylus_ filiformis, erectus, staminibus longior. _Stigma_ coronulatum, tetragonum, quadrifidum.

PERICARPIUM. _Capsula_ subrotunda, calyce minor, tecta, quadrilocularis, quadrivalvis; _dissepimentis_ cum futuris coeuntibus.

SEMINA numerosa, minima.

Obs. _Dantur species calyee duplice._

Figura Corollæ _ex ovata, tubulosa, ventricosa, et oblonga, in
diversis varia est_.

Antheræ _in aliis emarginatæ, in aliis bicornutæ, cristatæ,
aristatæ, muticæ, vel penicillatæ; inclusa vel exsertæ_.

ESSENTIALIS CHARACTER.

_Calyx_ tetraphyllus. _Corolla_ quadrifida.

_Filamenta_ receptaculo inserta.

_Antheræ_ bifidæ. _Capsula_ quadri-locularis. _Dissepimenta_ valvularum margine.

HEATH.

CLASS VIII. ORDER I.

Eight Chives. One Pointal.

GENERIC CHARACTER.

EMPALEMENT. _Cup_ four-leaved; _leaflets_ between egg-shaped and oblong, remaining.

BLOSSOM one petal, bell-shaped, four-cleft, often bellied.

CHIVES. _Threads_ eight, hair-like, inserted into the receptacle. _Tips_ two-cleft at the end.

POINTAL. _Seed-bud_ roundish, above. _Shaft_ thread-shaped, upright, longer than the chives. _Summit_ crowned, four-cornered, four-cleft.

SEED-VESSEL. _Capsule_ roundish, less than the cup, covered, four-celled, four-valved; _partitions_ meeting with the sutures.

SEEDS numerous, very small.

Obs. _There are some species with a double cup._

The figure of the blossom _as to egg-shape, tubular, bellied and
oblong, differs in different species_.

The Tips _in some are notched at the end, in others two-horned,
crested, bearded, beardless, or pencilled; within the blossom, or
without_.

ESSENTIAL CHARACTER.

_Cup_ four-leaved. _Blossom_ four-cleft.

_Threads_ inserted into the receptacle.

_Tips_ two-cleft. _Capsule_ four-celled. _Partitions_ from the edge of the valves.

ERICA aitonia.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris basis bicornibus, inclusis; corollis longissimis, viscosis, sulcatis, sesquipollicaribus, laciniis maximis, cordatis; foliis ternis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS, rami, ramulique filiformes, flexibiles; rami simplices, longi.

FOLIA terna, apice patentia, serrata, acuminata, crassa, subtus sulcata.

FLORES terminales, umbellati, terni, erecti, pedunculi longissimi, purpurei, bracteis tribus, coloratis, instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis spathulatis, crassis, viscosis, apicibus obtusis, extra concavis.

COROLLA sesquipollicaris, sulcata, linearia, summa inflata, ore arctata; laciniis cordatis, maximis, expansis; extra dilute carnea, intus albida.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, torta; antheræ basi bicornes, apice cornutæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen oblongum, sulcatum; stylus rectus, filiformis exsertus, purpureus; stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mense Julii, in Octobrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, whose tips have two horns at their base, and within the blossoms, which are extremely long, clammy, furrowed, of an inch and a half in length, the segments large, and heart-shaped; the leaves grow by fours.

DESCRIPTION.

The STEM, as well as the larger and smaller branches, are thread-shaped, and supple; the branches are simple, and long.

The LEAVES grow by threes, spreading out at the end, sawed, sharp-pointed, thick and furrowed underneath.

The FLOWERS grow at the summit of the branches, three in a bunch, and upright; the foot-stalks are very long, and purple, having three coloured floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are spathula-shaped, thick, clammy, blunt at their ends, and hollow, without.

The BLOSSOM is an inch and a half long, channelled, and linear, swelled at the end, and narrowed at the mouth; the segments of the border are very large, and expanded; of a light flesh colour on the outside, white within.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads twirled; tips two horned at their base, the points horned, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel oblong, and furrowed; the shaft straight, thread-shaped, purple, and without the blossom; summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from July, till October.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA albens.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, inclusis; corollis ventricosis, axillaribus, solitariis, sub-albidis; foliis ternis, trigonis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, ramosus, gracilis; rami simplices.

FOLIA terna, trigona, linearia, acuta, glabra, subtus tenuissime sulcata, erecta; petiolis adpressis.

FLORES in axillis foliorum solitarii, cernui, sub-albicantes; pedunculis curvatis, albidis.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis coloratis, acuminatis, adpressis.

COBOLLA ventricosa, ore arctata; limbo quadrilobo, laciniis æqualibus, acuminatis, revolutis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, curvata, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, glabrum. Stylus linearis, curvatus, sub-exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Aprili, in Julium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

6. Capsula.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, within the blossoms, which are swelled at the lower part, growing singly at the base of the leaves, and whitish; the leaves grow by threes, and are three-sided.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, grows a foot high, upright, branching, and slender; the branches are simple.

LEAVES grow by threes, are three-sided, linear, sharp-pointed, smooth, slightly furrowed on the under part, and upright; the foot-stalks are pressed to the stem.

The FLOWERS grow from the bottom of the foot-stalks of the leaves, singly, are bent downward, and whitish; the foot-stalks are curved, and whitish.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of four leaves, which are coloured, sharp-pointed, and pressed to the blossom.

BLOSSOM swelled at the lower part, and straitened at the mouth; the border is four-lobed; segments equal, pointed, and rolled back.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, which are bent, and fixed into the receptacle. Tips beardless, within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud turban-shaped, and smooth. Shaft linear, curved, and just without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from April, till July.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

6. The Capsule.

ERICA ampullacea.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris basi bicornibus, inclusis; foliis quaternis, retortis; floribus viscosis, umbellatis, ampullaceis, striatis, sub-sesquipollicaribus.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, pedalis, ramosus; rami flexuosi, filiformes.

FOLIA quaterna, trigona, ciliata, retorta, mucronata, supra plana, subtus sulcata; petioli brevissimi, adpressi.

FLORES umbellati, sæpe quatuor, viscosi, terminales; pedunculi longi, bracteis tribus spathulatis instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis spathulatis, margine ciliatis, viscosis, adpressis.

COROLLA basi inflata, apice attenuata, longitudinaliter striata, sub-sesquipollicaria, ore arctata, saturate purpurea; laciniis ovatis, expansis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria; antheræ inclusæ, bifidæ, basi bicornes.

PISTILLUM. Germen clavatum, sulcatum. Stylus exsertus, filiformis. Stigma tetragonum, virescens.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mense Julii ad Octobrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Folium unum lente auctum.

2. Calyx et Corolla.

3. Calyx lente auctus.

4. Stamina et Pistillum.

5. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; antherâ unâ lente auctâ.

6. Stylus et Stigma lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with tips two-horned at their base, within the blossom; the leaves grow by fours, and are rolled back; the flowers are clammy, grow in bunches, are flask-shaped, striped, and nearly an inch and a half long.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, grows about a foot high, and branching; the branches are crooked, and thread-shaped.

LEAVES grow by fours, are three-sided, fringed, rolled back, sharp-pointed, smooth on the upper, and furrowed on the under surface; with short footstalks, pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow in bunches, mostly of four, are clammy, and terminate the branches; the fruit-stalks are long, having three spathula-shaped floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are spathula-shaped, fringed at the edges, clammy, and pressed to the blossom.

BLOSSOM swelled at the base, and tapering to the top, striped longitudinally, nearly an inch and a half long, straightened at the mouth, which is of a deep purple; the segments egg-shaped, and spreading.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads; tips within the blossom, are cleft in two, and two-horned at their base.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel club-shaped, and furrowed. Shaft without the blossom, and thread-shaped. Summit four-cornered, and green.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from the month of July till October.

REFERENCE.

1. A Leaf magnified.

2. The Empalement and Blossom.

3. The Empalement magnified.

4. The Chives and Pointal.

5. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

6. The Shaft and its Summit magnified.

ERICA baccans.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris cristatis, inclusis; folia quaterna, rigida, glauca; corollis globosis, umbellatis calycibusque purpureis,

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, erectus, sesquipedalis, ramosissimus; rami rigidi, erecti, torti.

FOLIA quaterna, glauca, incurvata, subtus sulcata, rigida, serrulata.

FLORES terminales, plerumque quatuor, umbellati, nutantes; pedunculi longi, purpurei, bracteis tribus instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, carinatis, adpressis.

COROLLA globosa purpurea, ima quadrata; limbo quadrilobo, laciniis æqualibus, erectis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, receptaculo inserta. Antheraæ cristatæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen globosum, magnum, sulcatum; stylus subexsertus, pyramidatus; stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mense Aprilis, in Julium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla,

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

5. Pistillum et Germen lente auctum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with crested tips, within the blossom; the leaves grow by fours, are harsh, and of a whitish green; the flowers are globular, in bunches, and are, as well as their cups, purple.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, upright, a foot and a half high, and very branching; the branches are harsh, upright, and twisted.

LEAVES grow by fours, are of a whitish green, and bent inwards, furrowed beneath, harsh, and slightly sawed at the edge.

FLOWERS grow at the ends of the branches, mostly by fours, in bunches, and nodding; the foot-stalks are long and purple, having three floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, leaflets egg-shaped, keeled, and pressed to the blossom.

BLOSSOM globular, purple, and squared at the base; the border four-lobed, the segments of which are upright, and equal.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads fixed into the receptacle. The tips crested, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel globular, large, and furrowed; the shaft nearly without the blossom, tapering from the base; the summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from April, till July.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Pointal and Seed-vessel magnified.

ERICA Banksia.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheræ muticæ, exsertæ, attenuata in filamenta plana; corolla cylindrica, viridi-lutea; caulis decumbens, sub-spithamæus; folia terna.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS decumbens, rigidus, scaber, sub-spithamæus, ramosissimus; ramulis brevibus.

FOLIA terna, subulata, trigona, acuminata, subtus tenuissime sulcata, supra plana, glabra, profundé viridia; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in ultimis ramulis, bini vel terni, cernui; pedunculi brevissimi, bracteis nullis.

CALYX. Perianthium duplex, _exterius_ triphyllum, foliolis lato-ovatis, rigidis, carinatis, acuminatis; _interius_ tetraphyllum, foliolis flaccidis, linearibus, longioribus.

COROLLA cylindrica, ad basin parum inflata, viridi-lutea, oris laciniis revolutis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo linearia, plana, corolla multoties longiora, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ muticæ, exsertæ, nec filamentis distinguendis.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-ovatum. Stylus filiformis, exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Februarii, in Julium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla,

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, whose tips are beardless, without the blossom, and tapering into threads, which are flat; the blossom is cylindrical, of a greenish yellow; the stem droops, is scarce a span high; the leaves grow by threes.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM drooping, harsh, rough, less than a span in height, and very much branched; the smaller branches are short.

The LEAVES grow by threes, are awl-shaped, three-sided, and sharp-pointed, slightly channelled on the under part, smooth on the upper, and flat, of a deep green colour, having short foot-stalks pressed to the stem.

FLOWERS grow by twos or threes at the end of the smaller branches, hanging down; the foot-stalks are very short, without any floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup double, the _outer_ three-leaved, which are of a broad egg-shape, harsh, keeled, and sharp pointed; the _inner_ is four-leaved, longer than the former, linear, and limber.

The BLOSSOM is cylindrical, slightly swelled at the base, of a greenish-yellow; the segments of the mouth are rolled back.

CHIVES. Eight linear, flat threads, much longer than the blossom, fixed into the receptacle. Tips beardless, without the blossom, and not to be distinguished from the threads.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel nearly oval. Shaft thread-shaped, and without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from February, till July.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA Bruniades.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, exsertis, floribus terminalibus, sessilibus, sub-ternis; corollis albidis, urceolatis, tectis calyce lanato; calycis foliolis ovatis, carneis; foliis ternis, linearibus, obtusis, margine revolutis, pilosis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS filiformis, sub-erectus, glaber, flexuosus; rami filiformes, villosi, ramuli capillares, frequentes, tomentosi.

FOLIA terna, linearia, obtusa; seniora, reflexa, juniora patentia, margine pilis longis hirta.

FLORES in extremis ramulis terminales, sessiles, sub-terni; bracteis tribus, minutis, adpressis.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, exterioribus totis densissime albo-lanatis, interioribus carneis.

COROLLA urceolata, pubescens, alba, tota tecta calyce lanato; oris laciniis patentibus, obtusis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria. Antheris muticis, exsertis, atris.

PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, pubescentem, ad basin glandulosum. Stylus filiformis, staminibus paulo longior. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Februarii in Junium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Folium unum, lente auctum.

2. Calyx.

3. Calyx, auctus.

4. Corolla.

5. Corolla, aucta.

6. Stamina, et Pistillum.

7. Stamina a Pistillo diducta.

8. Stamen unum, auctum.

9. Pistillum, auctum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, without the blossom, flowers terminating the smaller branches, nearly without foot-stalks, mostly by threes; blossoms white, pitcher-shaped, and covered by a woolly cup; the leaflets of the cup are egg-shaped, and flesh-coloured; the leaves grow by threes, are linear, blunt, rolled back at the edge, and hairy.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM thread-shaped, nearly upright, smooth, and growing zig-zag; the branches are thread-shaped, and hairy; the smaller branches are hair-like, numerous, and downy.

LEAVES grow by threes, are linear, and blunt, the older ones are bent back, the younger ones spreading out, the edge covered with long hairs.

FLOWERS grow at the extremity of the younger branches, sitting close, and mostly by threes; three small floral leaves, pressed to the cup.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of four leaves, which are egg-shaped, concave, on their outsides covered with a thick white wool, and on their insides flesh coloured.

BLOSSOM pitcher-shaped, downy, white, and covered totally by a woolly cup; the segments of the mouth are spread out, and blunt.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads. Tips beardless, without the blossom, and black.

POINTAL. Seed-bud turban-shape, downy, and glandular at the base. Shaft thread-shaped, a little longer than the chives. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from February, till June.

REFERENCE.

1. A Leaf, magnified.

2. The Empalement.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Blossom.

5. The Blossom, magnified.

6. The Chives, and Pointal.

7. The Chives, detached from the Pointal.

8. A Chive, magnified.

9. The Pointal, magnified.

ERICA caffra.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris aristatis, inclusis, stylo exserto; corollis campanulatis, albidis; floribus umbellatis, secundis, cernuis, odoratissimis; foliis quaternis, linearibus, scabridis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fructicosus, pedalis, rami et ramuli erecti, cinereo-tomentosi, rigidi.

FOLIA quaterna, linearia, obtusa, subciliata, scabrida, patentia; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in ramis supremis racemosi, secundi, cernui, umbellati; pedunculi brevissimi, bracteis tribus minutis instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis acuminatis, brevissimis, glabris, adpressis,

COROLLA campanulata, minuta, odoratissima, alba; laciniis erectis, apicibus parum reflexis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, apice curvata. Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-globosum, sulcatum. Stylus exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Octobris, in Februarium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Folium unum, lente auctum.

2. Calyx, et Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, lente aucta.

5. Pistillum, lente auctum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with bearded tips, within the blossom; the shaft without; the blossoms bell-shaped and white; flowers grow in bunches, pointing all one way, nodding and very sweet; leaves grow by fours, linear and rough.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, growing a foot high, the larger and smaller branches grow upright, of an ash colour, downy and harsh.

LEAVES grow by fours, linear, obtuse, a little hairy, roughish and spreading; with very short foot-stalks, pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow on the upper branches in loose spikes, pointing one way, nodding and in bunches; the foot-stalks very short, having three small floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of four leaves, which are tapered, very short, smooth and pressed to the blossom.

BLOSSOM, bell-shaped, small, sweet-scented, and white; the segments upright, with the points a little bent outwards.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, curved at the end. Tips bearded, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud nearly globular and furrowed. Shaft without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from October, till February.

REFERENCE.

1. A Leaf, magnified.

2. The Empalement, and Blossom.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Chives, magnified.

5. The Pointal, magnified.

ERICA calycina.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris cristatis, inclusis; foliis ternis; rami filiformes; corollis minutis, urceoli-formes; calycis foliola corolla longiora; pedunculis longissimis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS filiformis, spithameus, erectus, ramosissimus.

FOLIA terna, lanceolata, supra concava, adpressa, glabra; petiolis brevissimis.

FLORES plures, in ultimis ramulis terminales, umbellati; pedunculis carneis, longissimis, bracteis tribus coloratis instructis.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis lato-ovatis, carneis, corolla longiora.

COROLLA minuta, urceoli-formis, apice dilute carnea, ad basi virescens; oris laciniis reflexis, saturate carneis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria; antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-globosum. Stylus sub-exsertus filiformis. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Septembri, in Decembrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, et Pistillum.

5. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

6. Stylus, et Stigma lente, aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with crested tips, within the blossom; the leaves grow by threes; the branches are thread-shaped, the blossoms small and pitcher-shaped; the leaves of the cup are longer than the flower, the foot-stalks very long.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM thread-shaped, grows half a foot high, upright, and very much branched.

The LEAVES grow by threes, are lance-shaped, concave on the upper surface, pressed to the stem, and smooth, having very short foot-stalks.

The FLOWERS are numerous, and terminate the smaller branches in bunches; the foot-stalks are very long, flesh coloured, with three coloured floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are of a broad oval form, flesh coloured, and longer than the blossom.

The BLOSSOM is small, of a pitcher-shape, light flesh colour at the end, greenish at the base; the segments of the mouth are bent back, and deep flesh coloured.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads; the tips crested, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel nearly globular; the shaft thread-shaped, partly out of the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from September, till December.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Blossom.

3. The Empalement magnified.

4. The Chives and Pointal.

5. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

6. The Shaft and its Summit magnified.

ERICA campanulata.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, inclusis; floribus solitariis, cernuis; calycibus coloratis; corollis globoso-campanulatis, luteis; foliis quaternis, linearibus, angustissimis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, pedalis, erectus, filiformis; rami et ramuli filiformes, virgati, glabri.

FOLIA quaterna, linearia, angusta, glabra, erecta; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES terminales, subsolitarii, cernui; pedunculi colorati, bracteis tribus, coloratis, subulatis, instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, concavis, adpressis, coloratis.

COROLLA globoso-campanulata, lutea; laciniis semi-ovatis, subreflexis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo, capillaria, incurvata. Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-globosum. Stylus columnaris. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Junii, in Augustum.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, et Pistillum.

5. Anthera una, aucta.

6. Pistillum, lente auctum.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, within the blossom; flowers grow singly, hanging down; cups coloured; blossoms globularly bell-shaped, and yellow; leaves grow by fours, are linear, and very narrow.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, grows a foot high, upright, and thread-shaped; the greater and smaller branches are thread-shaped, twiggy, and smooth.

LEAVES grow by fours, linear, narrow, smooth, and upright; very short foot-stalks, pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow mostly solitary, at the end of the smaller branches, hanging down; the foot-stalks are coloured, having three awl-shaped, coloured floral leaves on them.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, leaflets egg-shaped, pointed, concave, pressed to the blossom, and coloured.

BLOSSOM, globularly bell-shaped, and yellow; the segments half egg-shaped, and a little reflexed.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, curved inwards. Tips beardless, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud nearly globe-shaped. Shaft pillar-shaped. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from June, till August.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Blossom.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Chives, and Pointal.

5. A Tip, magnified.

6. The Pointal, magnified.

ERICA capitata.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, sub-inclusis; corollis globosis, albidis, tomentosis, tectis calyce magno, hispido, colorato; foliis ternis, pilosis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS erectus, laxus, filiformis, fuseus; rami filiformes, villosi; ramuli capillares, frequentes, tomentosi.

FOLIA terna, linearia, obtusa, dorso sulcata, pilis longis hirta; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in extremis ramulis terminales bini, vel terni, cernuo-patenti; pedunculi brevissimi, bracteis tribus, minutis, adpressis, instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, concavis, incurvatis maximis, totis densissime hirtis, adpressis, luteo-viridis.

COROLLA sub-globosa, alba, lanata, in sinu calycis fere recondita.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ muticæ sub-inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen subrotundum, apice pilosum. Stylus filiformis, exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Julii, in Octobrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, et Pistillum.

5. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

6. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, just within the blossoms, which are globular, white and downy, being covered with a large, hairy, coloured cup; leaves grow by threes, and are hairy.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM upright, weak, thread-shaped, and brown; branches thread-shaped, and hairy; small branches like hairs, numerous, and downy.

LEAVES grow by threes, linear, blunt, furrowed at the back, and covered with long, harsh hairs; foot-stalks very short, and pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow at the extremity of the smaller branches, by twos or threes, spreading out, and nodding; foot-stalks very short, having three small floral leaves, which are pressed to the blossom.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of four leaves, which are egg-shaped, concave, turned inwards, very large, quite covered with strong hairs, pressed to the blossoms, and of a yellow-green.

BLOSSOM nearly globular, white and woolly, almost hid within the cup.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, fixed into the receptacle. Tips beardless, and nearly within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud nearly round, and hairy at the end. Shaft thread-shaped, and without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from the month of July, till October.

REFERENCE.

1. Empalement, and Blossom.

2. A Blossom.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Chives, and Pointal.

5. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one Tip magnified.

6. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA cerinthoides.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, inclusis; corollis tubulato-ventricosis, læte sanguineis, fasciculatis, hispidis; foliis quaternis, rigidis, ciliatis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS flexibilis, erectus, cinereus, sesquipedalis; rami pauci, erecti, raro ramulosi.

FOLIA quaterna, ciliata, oblonga, convexa, subtus sulco exerata, petiolis brevibus, adpressis.

FLORES magni, sessiles, aggesti in capitulum, cernui, pedunculi hispidi, bracteis tribus foliis similibus instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis, hispidis, foliis similibus.

COROLLA, tubulato-ventricosa, læte sanguinea, hirsuta, ore obsolete quadrifida; pollicaria.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria. Antheræ muticæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen cylindricum, hirsutum. Stylus filiformis, sub-exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Augusti, in Aprilem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, within the blossoms, which are of an inflated tubular shape, of a rich blood colour, hairy, and bundled together; the leaves grow by fours, are harsh, and lashed.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM grows upright, pliant, ash-coloured, and a foot and a half high; the branches are few, and upright, seldom branching.

The LEAVES grow by fours, are lashed, oblong, rounded on the upper surface, and deeply furrowed on the under side, with short foot-stalks, pressed to the stems.

The FLOWERS are large, growing in close bunches, fixed altogether at the end of the branches, bending downward; the foot-stalks are hairy, having three floral leaves, similar to the other leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are lance-shaped, hairy, and like the other leaves.

BLOSSOM, of an inflated tubular form, hairy, and of a rich red or blood colour, the mouth slightly cut into four segments; an inch long.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads. Tips beardless, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel cylinder shape, and hairy. Style thread-shaped, nearly without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from August, till April.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA cernua.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris cristatis, inclusis; floribus umbellatis, cernuis, secundis, sub-ovatis, pallide-carneis; foliis quaternis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, erectus, pedalis; rami sub-simplices, erecto-patenti.

FOLIA quaterna, linearia, obtusa, subtus sulcata, sub-scabrida; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in apice ramorem umbellati, cernui; pedunculi longi, colorati, bracteis tribus, linearibus, instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis minutis, subulatis, ciliatis, coloratis.

COROLLA sub-ovata, pallide-carnea; laciniis limbi acuminatis, sub-erectis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria apice introrsum declinata. Antheræ cristatæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, fulcatum. Stylus cylindricus, sub-inclusus. Stigma obsolete tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Augusti in Decembrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx, lente auctus.

3. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

4. Germen, Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with crested tips, within the blossom; the flowers grow in bunches, nodding, all pointing one way, nearly egg-shaped, and of a pale flesh colour; leaves growing by fours.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, upright, and grows a foot high; the branches are almost simple, upright, and spreading.

LEAVES grow by fours, linear, blunt, channelled beneath, and roughish; having very short foot-stalks pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow in bunches, at the end of the branches, nodding; the foot-stalks are long and coloured, with three linear floral-leaves on them.

EMPALEMENT. Cup of four leaves, which are small, awl-shaped, fringed, and coloured.

BLOSSOM, nearly egg-shaped, of a pale flesh-colour; the segments of the border tapered, and nearly upright.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, bent downward on the inner side. Tips crested, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud turban-shaped, and channelled. Shaft cylindrical just within the blossom. Summit obscurely four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from August, till December.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement, magnified.

3. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

4. The Seed-bud, Shaft, and Summit, magnified.

A SHORT DISSERTATION, &c.

Antecedent to the year 1772, the few species of this, now so
numerous Genus, known in our British gardens, were, the E.
vulgaris, E. Tetralix, E. cineria and E. vagans natives; the E.
Dabœcii, from Ireland; the E. arborea introduced in 1748, from
Madeira; the E. herbacea or carnea in 1763, from Switzerland; the
E. mediterranea in 1765, from Minorca, and the E. scoparia, E.
viridi-purpurea, E. australis, E. ciliaris and E. umbellata, from
Portugal, between the years 1768 and 1707. The two other European
species we possess, the E. stricta and E. multiflora, natives of
Spain, have been but twelve years in cultivation with us. Of the
African species, found within the district of the Cape of Good Hope
and the adjacent territory, which have swelled the Genus to so
great an extent; and which, but as an echo to the general voice,
may be said to contribute, by the extreme brilliancy of the flowers
of these species, more than any other, to the present splendor of
our green-houses, were unknown, till the above æra, to our English
botanists, but by name. In the year 1771 seeds of two species were
received, at the Hammersmith nursery, from the Cape, both of them
vegetated; the first which flowered, proving the E. tubiflora, of
the Sp. Plant. of Linnæus; the other, from the resemblance it bears
to the Spruce Fir, was then named E. abietina; but since, altered
in the Kew catalogue, to E. concinna. Two years subsequent, 1774,
Mr. Francis Masson, botanical collector to His Majesty at the Cape,
laid the foundation for the celebrity of that superb collection at
Kew, which for many years, with unrivalled lustre, far outshone all
others, particularly by the number and variety of this most
beautiful tribe of plants: for which we refer to the second Vol. of
the catalogue of that garden; where the E. curviflora, E. lutea, E.
cruenta, E. persoluta, E. baccans, E. marifolia, E. abietina, E.
corifolia, E. paniculata, E. empetrifolia, E. spumosa, E. capitata,
E. conspicua, E. cerinthoides, E. viscaria, E. Plukenetii, E.
Petiveri, and E. petiolata, are all stated to have been of that
year’s introduction. From this period, till within these few years,
the accession was so rapid, that it would be difficult, nay nearly
impracticable, to ascertain the precise date when most of the
remaining species were introduced; as many different collectors
were about this time, or shortly after, producing in their
collections new species to which they each claimed the honour of
priority of introduction; the enumeration of these, therefore, in
succession would be but a list of names, and in no way illustrate
the present subject. It will be nothing relevant to our purpose, to
know how many Ericas were enumerated by Petiver, Plukenet, Hermann,
Oldenland, Ray, &c. &c.; as, before Linnæus had, by his mode of
classification, determined the precise limits of the Genus, the
confusion that then pervaded all the elder Botanists is such, that
any comment from them, would rather perplex, than elucidate.
Wherefore, beginning with the Systema Naturæ of Linnæus, Vol. II.
of 1767, including the European species, he there enumerates but
42; and Dahlgren, in 1770, edited a dissertation, under his eye, on
the genus, containing a catalogue of 58 names from Bergius, the
Mantissa, &c. Thunberg returning from Africa in 1772, added 13 to
the number; all of which were inserted in the Supplementum
Plantarum of 1781. From this last work, and some other sources,
Murray has, in his Syst. Veg. of 1784, made up a Catalogue of 74
names. The last to be noticed, till the appearance of the Hort.
Kew. is, the Dissertatio de Erica; published under the inspection
of Thunberg, in 1785, with a list and descriptions of 91 species.
In the year 1789, a Catalogue of the plants cultivated in the Royal
Gardens at Kew, was published by Mr. Aiton; where, 41 Heaths are to
be found in the 2d Vol.; and four in the addenda at the end of the
3d, making in all 45. Martyn in his Edition of Miller’s Dictionary,
fasciculus of 1795, article Erica, enumerates but 84. Willdenow,
collating from all the foregoing, and assisted by his friend
Wendland, of the Royal Gardens at Herenhausen, Hanover; has mounted
the list to 137, in his Species Plantarum, now publishing in
continuation at Berlin. This, however, as will appear by the
catalogue, falls far short of the number, we have now, in actual
cultivation in Britain. From the great number of beautiful
specimens lately received by G. Hibbert, Esq. many of which were
accompanied by seeds, now living plants, contributing to the
present richness of the extensive and superb Collection of that
Gentleman at Clapham, and brought from the Cape of Good Hope by Mr.
Niven, who was employed for the only purpose, of amassing the
vegetable treasures of that country, to enrich the Clapham gardens,
and herbarium; as well as, from the numberless importations, by
different hands, of seeds, since we have been in possession of that
territory; a fair conjecture may be made, that the Genus is not
bounded, by double the number of species with which we are at
present acquainted. Few, if any, of the species but have been
increased by cuttings; which has occasioned the total disuse of
propagation by layers; wherefore, the only methods we shall treat
of, is this, and from the seed. The process for the making, and
planting of the cuttings, is as follows. Let a middle sized pot be
prepared by filling it, within three inches of the margin, with
small broken potsherds, or some such matter; to the end that, a
constant and ready drain may be gained for the water, which it will
be necessary to give the cuttings, at any time the earth, &c. shall
appear dry on the surface. Then consulting the list given with
Volume 1st, take a sufficient quantity of sandy loam, sandy peat,
or common sand, or a mixture of any of them finely sifted, to fill
the pot up to the margin, and press it lightly with the hand; thus
prepared it is fit to receive the cuttings. These must be taken
about an inch long, or shorter, according to the nature and season
of the plants making their fresh branches, from the smallest and
tenderest shoots; cutting off the leaves from two-thirds of their
length close to the shoot; for which a pair of small scissars is
the most convenient. When a few are thus made ready, for not many
should be cut at a time, lest they wither before they can be
planted, with a small piece of wood, tapered to a point, dibble
them into the pot; fixing the lower end of the cutting as firm as
possible. When the pot has been thus filled with them, at about
half an inch distance each way, leaving a clear half inch from the
inner edge; cover them with a small bell-glass, procured as near as
possible to fit within its inner rim, then place it under a large
hand-glass, or frame, where it must be kept from the stronger rays
of the sun, until the cuttings are rooted. Some time after this has
taken place, which will be known by their growth, the small
bell-glass must be first removed; about a week after, the pot may
be taken from under the large hand-glass, and the plants exposed to
the open air, in the shade of a north wall, or in winter put in the
shady part of the green-house, to protect them from the sun and
wind, till they are removed into separate pots. The seeds of some
species, which ripen in this country, as well as those which may be
procured from the Cape, may be sown about the middle of March, in
pots, prepared in the same way as directed for cuttings; with this
exception, that the earth be invariably sandy peat finely sifted;
the seeds should be covered so slightly, that they may be but just
concealed; when covered, they must be watered with a watering-pot
whose rose, or head should admit of a passage for the water, only
as a light dew; lest the seeds be all thrown together, or washed
over the side of the pot. Both plants from cuttings, and seedlings,
may be removed with greater safety whilst quite young, than after
they have acquired a considerable size. The smallest pots that can
be procured, are the best for the first transplanting; in which
they should remain, till the pots are quite filled with roots. The
earth in which all Heaths thrive most is a soft, loose, sandy peat.
That nothing may be wanting, which we can contribute, to the
illustration of the Genus; a list is subjoined, communicated by
Messrs. Lee and Kennedy, of all those species cultivated by them at
their nursery, Hammersmith; unquestionably, the most extensive
collection, of living plants, of every denomination, now in Europe.

ERICA coccinea.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, sub-inclusis, stylus exsertus; flores in sumitate ramorem, verticillati, clavati, curvati, coccinei; foliola calycis acuta; foliis senis, incurvis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS erectus, cinereo-fuscus, pedalis; rami verticillati, erecto-patentes, raro ramulosi.

FOLIA sena, incurvata, acuta, glabra, sub-glauca; petiolis adpressis.

FLORES in summite ramorum verticillati, conserti, brevissime pedunculati, bracteæ calyciformes.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis subulatis, marginibus membranaceis, acutis, carinatis.

COROLLA curvata, elevata, pubescens, sanguinea; oris laciniis erectis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, longitudine tubi. Antheræ muticæ, sub-inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen turbinatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Augusti, in Decembrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, just within the blossom, shaft without; the flowers grow at the end of branches in whorls, club-shaped, curved, and of a scarlet colour; the leaves of the cup are sharp-pointed; the leaves grow by sixes, and are turned inwards.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM upright, of a brownish ash-colour, growing a foot high; branches grow in whorls, upright, and spreading, seldom branching.

LEAVES grow by sixes, turned inwards, sharp-pointed, smooth, and of a bluish green; the leaf-stems pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS grow in close whorls at the top of the branches; the foot-stalks very short, the floral leaves appearing like a second cup.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are awl-shaped, skinny at the edges, sharp-pointed, and keel-shaped.

BLOSSOM curved, club-shaped, downy, and of a blood colour; the segments of the mouth are upright.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, the length of the tube. Tips beardless, and just within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-bud turban-shaped, and furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, and without the blossom. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from August, till December.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA conspicua.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris basi bicornibus, exsertis; corollis clavatis, sesquipollicaribus, luteis; foliis quaternis, glabris, obtusis, crassis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, erectus, tripedalis, ramosus; ramulis verticillatis, brevibus.

FOLIA quaterna, obtusa, linearia, crassa; petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in apicibus ramulorum terminales, nutantes, pedunculis brevibus, bracteis tribus spathulatis.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum; foliolis obtusis, glabris, sub-ovatis.

COROLLA clavata, sesquipollicaris, lutea, basi attenuata; oris laciniis magnis, revolutis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, receptaculo inserta; antheris bifidis, basi bicornibus, exsertis.

PISTILLUM. Germen cylindricum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mense Junii in Augustum.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, antherâ unâ lente auctâ.

5. Stylus et Stigma lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with tips two-horned at their base, and without the blossom: the blossoms are club-shaped, an inch and a half long, yellow: the leaves grow by fours, are smooth, blunt, and thick.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, upright, grows three feet high, and branching: the smaller branches are short, and grow in whorls.

LEAVES grow by fours, are blunt, linear, thick, and have short foot-stalks pressed to the branches.

FLOWERS are terminal at the summit of the smaller branches, waving, having short foot-stalks, with three spathula-shaped floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved: leaves blunt, smooth, and nearly egg-shaped.

BLOSSOM club-shaped, an inch and a half long, yellow, and tapering to the base: the segments of the mouth are large, and rolled back.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, fixed to the receptacle: the tips are cleft, two-horned at their base, and without the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel cylinder-shaped, and furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped. Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from June till August.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal, one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft and its Summit magnified.

ERICA coronata.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris aristatis, inclusis; corollis cylindrico-clavatis, speciosissimis; foliis octonis seu spiraliter sparsis, truncatis, arcuatis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, erectus, bipedalis, basi simplicissimus, rami pauci, simplices, longi.

FOLIA octona, linearia, obtusa, supra scabra, subtus sulcata, attenuata in petiolos longos capillares.

FLORES plures, subterminales, simpliciter verticillati, conserti, viscosi; pedunculi longi recurvati, bracteis tribus instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis, viscosis, adpressis.

COROLLA cylindrico-clavata, pollicaria, apice recurvata, ima parte profunde carnea, apice viridie, ore arctata, laciniis rectis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria; receptaculo inserta. Antheræ aristatæ, inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen clavatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, subexsertus. Stigma peltatum, concavum, viride.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a Februarii, in Aprilem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Folium unum, cum petiolo.

2. Calyx, et Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, et Pistillum.

5. Stamina a Pistillo diducta, anthera una lente aucta.

6. Stylus, et Stigma lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with bearded tips, within the blossoms, which are cylindrically club-shaped and very shewy; the leaves grow by eights or spirally scattered, appear cut off at the ends and arched.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, erect, grows two feet high, simple at the base, with but few branches, which are simple, and long.

LEAVES grow by eights, are linear, blunt, rough on their upper, and furrowed on their under surface, tapering into long hair-like foot-stalks.

The FLOWERS are numerous, nearly terminating the branches, in simple whorls, crowded together, and clammy; the foot-stalks are long, bent backward, with three floral leaves.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, leaflets lance-shaped, clammy, and pressed to the blossom.

BLOSSOM cylindrically club-shaped, an inch long, bent back at the point, the lower part of a strong flesh colour, the end green, compressed at the mouth, whose segments are straight.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads fixed into the receptacle. Tips bearded, and within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel club-shaped, and furrowed. Shaft thread-shaped, almost without the blossom. Summit shield-shaped, concave, and green.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from February, till April.

REFERENCE.

1. A Leaf, with its foot-stalk.

2. The Empalement, and Blossom.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Chives, and Pointal.

5. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

6. The Shaft, and its Summit magnified.

ERICA costata.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, inclusis; stylo exserto; corollis sub-cylindraceis, incarnatis, costatis; foliis pubescentibus, ternis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus ramosus; ramuli frequentissimi.

FOLIA caulina, terna, recta, linearia, obtusa, pubescentia; folia ramea, erectiora, ovata, sub-serrata, acuminata; petiolis adpressis.

FLORES plures, tres, quatuorve ramuli terminates; pedunculi brevissimi.

CALYX. Perianthium duplex; _interius_, tetraphyllum, foliolis sub-ovatis, acuminatis, serratis, coloratis, apice sulcatis, adpressis; _exterius_ triphyllum, priori brevioribus, virescentibus.

COROLLA sub-cylindracea, apice paulula curvata, incarnata, costata; oris laciniis erectis, albidis, obtusis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo, ima parte spathulata, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ inclusæ, muticæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-cylindricum, sulcatum. Stylus attenuatus, exsertus, apice curvatus. Stigma tetragonum virescens.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a Februarii, in Junium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Folium unum, lente auctum.

2. Calyx, et Corolla.

3. Calyx, lente auctus.

4. Stamina, et Pistillum.

5. Stamen unum, lente auctum.

6. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with beardless tips, within the blossom; pointal without; blossoms nearly cylindrical, flesh-coloured, and ribbed; leaves downy, growing by threes.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, grows two feet high, upright, and branching; the smaller branches are numerous.

The LEAVES of the stem grow by threes, straight out, linear, blunt, and downy; those on the smaller branches, more upright, egg-shaped, a little sawed at the edges, and sharp pointed; the foot-stalks pressed to the branches.

The FLOWERS are numerous, growing by threes, or fours, at the end of the smaller branches; foot-stalks very short.

EMPALEMENT. Cup double; the _inner_ four-leaved; leaves almost egg-shaped, pointed, sawed, coloured, furrowed at the point, and pressed to the blossom; the _outer_ three-leaved, shorter than the former, and greenish.

BLOSSOM nearly cylindrical, curved a little at the end, of a flesh colour, and ribbed; the segments of the mouth are upright, white and blunt.

CHIVES. Eight threads, spathula-shaped at the base, and fixed into the receptacle. Tips within the blossom, and beardless.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel almost cylinder-shaped, and furrowed. Shaft tapered, without the blossom, and curved at the end. Summit four-cornered, and green.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from February, till June.

REFERENCE.

1. A Leaf, magnified.

2. The Empalement, and Blossom.

3. The Empalement, magnified.

4. The Chives, and Pointal.

5. One Chive, magnified.

6. The Shaft, and its Summit, magnified.

ERICA cruenta.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris aristatis, sub-inclusis, foliis quaternis, corollis sub-ternis, glabris, clavato-cylindricis, pollicaribus; saturate sanguineis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, bipedalis, erectus; rami erecti, ramulosi; ramulis brevissimis, frequentissimis.

FOLIA quaterna, linearia, glabra, nitida, saturate viridia, petiolis brevissimis, adpressis.

FLORES in ramulis terminales, prope caulis summitatem, racemum quali formantes longum; pedunculi longi, bracteis tribus ad basin instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis lanceolatis, serratis, adpressis.

COROLLA clavato-cylindrica, glabra, cruenta, pollicaris; oris laciniis rectis, obtusis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, receptaculo inserta; antheræ aristatæ, sub-inclusæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-ovatum, sulcatum, pubescens; stylus exsertus; stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Augusti, in Decembrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx, lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, whose tips are bearded, and just within the blossom; the leaves grow by fours, the flowers mostly by threes, and are smooth, cylindrically club-shaped, an inch long, and of a deep blood colour.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM shrubby, grows two feet high, and upright; the branches grow upright, having many smaller branches, which are thick set, and very short.

The LEAVES grow by fours, are linear, smooth, shining, and of a deep green, having very short foot-stalks, pressed to the stem.

The FLOWERS terminate the shorter branches near the summit of the stem, forming as it were a long bunch; the foot-stalks are long, having three floral leaves at their base.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are lance-shaped, sawed, and pressed to the blossom.

The BLOSSOM is cylindrically club-shaped, smooth, blood colour, and an inch long; the segments of the mouth are obtuse, and straight.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, fixed into the receptacle; the tips are bearded, and just within the blossom.

POINTAL. Seed-vessel nearly egg-shaped, furrowed, and downy; Shaft without the blossom; Summit four-cornered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from August, till December.

REFERENCE.

1. Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and its Summit magnified.

ERICA cubica.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris basi bicornibus, sub-inclusis; stylus longissimus; corollis sub-campanulatis, purureis, oris laciniis patulis, maximis, ovatis; foliis sub-quaternis, obtusis.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS erectus, teres, ramosus, fruticosus, pedalis; rami et ramuli filiformes, laxi, erecti.

FOLIA quaterna, sæpe quina, obtusa, reflexa, apice incurvata, glabra, nitida, subtus sulcata; petiolis rubris, adpressis.

FLORES sub-terminales, umbellati, cernui; pedunculi longissimi, angulati, purpurei, foliolis binis, coloratis instructi.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis ovatis, acuminatis, adpressis, apicibus viridis.

COROLLA globoso-campanulata, purpurea, limbo maximo, expanso; laciniis ovatis, concavis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, longitudine tubi, receptaculo inserta. Antheræ bifidæ, ad basin bicornutæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen sub-globosum. Stylus filiformis, exsertus, corolla duplo longior, purpureus. Stigma concavum, marginatum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Aprili, in Julium.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.

HEATH, with tips two-horned at the base, nearly within the blossoms; shaft very long; blossoms almost bell-shaped, and purple, having the segments of the mouth spreading, very large, and egg-shaped; leaves growing mostly by fours, and blunt ended.

DESCRIPTION.

STEM upright, cylindrical, branching, shrubby, growing a foot high; the larger and smaller branches are thread-shaped, weak, and upright.

LEAVES grow by fours, often by fives, blunt ended, bent back, and turned inward at the point; smooth, shining, and channelled beneath; foot-stalks red, and pressed to the stem.

The FLOWERS grow near the summits of the branches, in bunches, hanging down; having very long foot-stalks, angled, purple, and two small, coloured leaves on them.

EMPALEMENT. Cup four-leaved, which are egg-shaped, tapered, and pressed to the blossom, the points green.

BLOSSOM globularly bell-shaped and purple, the border very large and spreading; the segments egg-shaped and concave.

CHIVES. Eight hair-like threads, the length of the tube, fixed into the receptacle. Tips two-cleft, and two-horned at the base.

POINTAL. Seed-bud nearly globular. Shaft thread-shaped, without the blossom, twice its length, and purple. Summit concave, and bordered.

Native of the Cape of Good Hope.

Flowers from April, till July.

REFERENCE.

1. The Empalement, and Blossom.

2. The Empalement magnified.

3. The Chives, and Pointal.

4. The Chives detached from the Pointal; one tip magnified.

5. The Shaft, and Summit, magnified.

ERICA curviflora.

CHARACTER SPECIFICUS.

ERICA, antheris muticis, sub-exsertis; corollis curvatis, clavato cylindricis, pubescentibus, terminalibus, luteo-aurantiis; foliis quaternis, linearibus, glabris.

DESCRIPTIO.

CAULIS fruticosus, bipedalis; laxus, superne villosus; rami laxi, ramulosi, ramulis brevissimis, frequentissimis, sparsis.

FOLIA quaterna, linearia, obtusa, glabra, subtus sulcata.

FLORES terminales in ramulis, patenti, racemum longum formantes; pedunculi brevissimi, foliolis tribus, adpressis.

CALYX. Perianthium tetraphyllum, foliolis subulatis, acuminatis, glabris, adpressis.

COROLLA curvata, clavata, pollicaris, pubescentia, luteo-aurantia; oris laciniis expansis.

STAMINA. Filamenta octo capillaria, curvata, longitudine tubi. Antheræ muticæ.

PISTILLUM. Germen clavatum, sulcatum. Stylus filiformis, curvatus, exsertus. Stigma tetragonum.

Habitat ad Caput Bonæ Spei.

Floret a mensi Julii, in Novembrem.

REFERENTIA.

1. Calyx, et Corolla.

2. Calyx, lente auctus.

3. Stamina, et Pistillum.

4. Stamina a Pistillo diducta; anthera una lente aucta.

5. Stylus, et Stigma, lente aucta.

SPECIFIC CHARACTER.