Chapter IX: Appendix

1 Constans et perpetua voluntas jus suum unicuique tribuendi;
voluntaria laesio et violatio juris alieni: De Lugo, De just. et
jure, Disp. VIII, Sec. I, n. 1.

2 Debitum rationale ex necessaria connectione mediorum cum fine
necessario resultans: Theologia moralis fundamentalis, ed. 2a,
Bruges, 1890, p. 188.

3 "Quoties aequalitas non servatur ut venditor ultra supremum
pretium, vel emptor emat infra infimum ... injustitia commititur."
L. c., Tr. VII, n. 380.

4 In hac re cooperator est, qui simul cum alio est causa damni,
sive immediata sive positiva sive negativa. Non enim in omnibus
eadem est ratio cooperationis, sed hoc est omnibus commune, quod
cum alio concurrant ad damnum seu injuriam damnosam.
Ballerini L. c., Tr. VII, n. 128: cf. De Lugo, L. c. XVII, II, 37.

5 Praeferendum est enim commune bonum privato. Pt. I, Tr. III, Tom.
IX, Sec. IV, p. 1171.

6 Cum enim unus homo sit pars multitudinis, quilibet homo hoc ipsum
quod est, et quod habet, est sicut et quaelibet pars id quod est,
est totius; unde et natura aliquod detrimentum infert parti, ut
salvet totum: 2a 2ae, Q.96, A.4.

7 Haec potestas est necessaria ad bonam rei publicae humanae
gubernationem.
Op. cit., Pt. I, Tom. V, Lib. III, Cap. 21.

8 Ex damno et periculo, quod bono publico publicaeque securitati
inferretur si impune id agere liceret.
Theol. Mor., Pt. I, Lib. I, Div. II, Par. 4, n. 761.

9 Tota difficultas consistit in assignanda ratione hujus veritatis:
nam licet turpitudo haec statim appareat, non tamen facile est ejus
fundamentum invenire: unde (quod in aliis multis quaestionibus
contingit) magis certa est conclusio, quam rationes, quae variae a
diversis afferuntur ad ejus probationem. De Just. et Jure, Disp. X,
Sec. I, Num. 2.

10 Fatendum est esse aliquas practicas vertitates humano convictui
necessarias, quas homines instinctu quodam rationali percipiunt et
sentiunt, quarum tamen rationem prorsus demonstrativam, cum eam
iidem analytice quaerunt, difficulter inveniunt. Videtur voluisse
natura sive auctor naturae hujusmodi instinctu aut sensu rationali
supplere defectum rationis se exercentis: ... Inter hujusmodi
veritates haec quoque forte, qua de agimus, invenitur. Theologia
Moralis, Tr. VI, Sec. VI, Num. 119, Vol. II, pp. 727-728.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

J. Kelleher, Private Ownership, Dublin, 1911.

Capecelatro, Cardinal, Christ, the Church, and Man. St. Louis,
1909.

Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theologica, secunda secundae.

De Lugo, Cardinal John, De Justitia et Jure.

Bouquillon, Theologia Moralis Fundamentalis, ed. 2a, Bruges, 1890.

Liguori, Alphonsus, Theologia moralis.

Noldin, H., Theologia Moralis, 3 vols., 8th ed., N. Y., 1911.

Ballerini, Antonio, Theologia Moralis.

Cuthbert, O. F. M. Cap., Catholic Ideals in Social Life, N. Y.,
1904.

Cunningham, W., Christianity & Social Questions: London, 1910.

Clark, J. B., Essentials of Economic Theory, 1907.

United States Bureau of Labor: Report on the Condition of Woman &
Child Wage-Earners in the United States, 19 vols., 1910-1912.

Charities Publication Committee, The Pittsburgh Survey.

Minneapolis Vice Commission, Report, 1911.

Chicago Vice Commission, Report, 1911.

Seligman, E. R. A., The Social Evil, N. Y., 1912.

United States Bureau of Labor, Industrial Hygiene, 1908.

Kelly, Florence, Some Ethical Gains through Legislation, N. Y.,
1905.

Hunter, Robert, Poverty, N. Y., 1905.

Le Play, F., La Reforme Sociale, Tours, 1878, 3 vols.

Missiaen, Berthold, O. M. Cap., L'Appauvrissement des Masses,
Louvain, 1911.

Clark, J. B., The Distribution of Wealth, N. Y., 1889.

Woods, Robert A., ed., Americans in Process, Boston, 1903.

Bliss, Wm. D. P., ed., New Encyclopedia of Social Reform, N. Y.,
1908.

Clark, Sue Ainslie, & Edith Wyatt, Making Both Ends Meet, N. Y.,
1911.

Streightoff, Frank Hatch, The Standard of Living among the
Industrial People of America, Boston, 1911.

Butler, Eliz. Beardsley, Saleswomen in Mercantile Stores, N. Y.,
1912.

Ryan, John A., A Living Wage, N. Y., 1906.

Devine, Edw. T., Principles of Relief, N. Y., 1904.

Bousanquet, Helen, The Standard of Life, London, 1908.

Chapin, Coit, The Standard of Living among Workingmen's Families in
New York City, N. Y., 1909.

Journal of Political Economy.

Economic Journal.

Quarterly Journal of Economics.

Journal of the American Sociological Society.

Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science.

The Survey.

International Journal of Ethics.

INDEX

Accidents: 90ff.

Alphonsus, Saint: See Liguori

Aquinas: 11, 18, 28, 29, 46

Ballerini, Antonio: 22, 27, 28, 29, 45

Bouquillon, Thomas: 11

Bowen, Louise de Koven: 98

Browning, Eliz. B.: 132

Butler, Eliz. B.: 4, 43, 51ff, 67, 96, 101, 102

Capecelatro, Card.: 9

Capital punishment: 28

Carlyle, Thomas: 35f.

Carver, T. N.: 60

Chapin, Coit: 43

Charity:
Consumers' obligations of, 31ff;
duties of, 11

Cheapness: demand for, 58ff.

Chicago Vice Commission: 95, 100, 101, 104

Child-Labor: 93f.

Child-Labor Committee, National: 100

Clark, J. B.: 65

Common good: Scholastic conception of, 28ff.

Competition: 19ff, 47ff, 55f.

Compulsory Arbitration: 112

Conscience, Social: 131

Consumers:
Duties of, 13ff, 16f, 129ff;
individual action, 107, 109, 114;
organization among, 109, 110, 130;
responsibility of, 5ff.

Consumers' League: 110, 111, 114ff.

Consumption (disease): 88ff.

Co-operation in evil: 13, 23

Costs of production: 60ff.

Crawford, Hanford: 60

Cunningham, W.: 20, 58, 63

Cuthbert, Father: 108

Dance Halls: 97f.

Dangerous occupations: 86ff.

De Lugo, Card. John, S. J.: 25, 26, 44

Department Stores: 100, 103

Devine, Edward T.: 66f.

Dust: 87f.

Duty:
definition of, 11;
devolution of, 13ff.

Employers:
duties of direct, 12;
liability of, 17

English Poor Law: 62

Expenses of production: 59ff.

Food, Insufficient: 78ff.

Goldmark, Josephine: 127

Green, T. H.: 32

Gury, J. P.: 10

Hibbert Journal: 131

Hours of work: 4, 84f.

Housing conditions: 77ff, 95f.

Hunter, Robert: 128

Industrial Commission, U. S.: 68, 87, 94

Injustice, definition of: 11

Innocent: indirect killing of, lawful, 28

Interest: 15

Interest-takers, duties of: 15

Justice:
Consumers' obligations of, 13ff;
definition of, 11;
duties of, 11

Kelleher, Rev. J.: 9

Kelley, Florence: 114

Label: See White List

Labor, N. Y. S. Bureau of: 68f, 74ff, 88

Labor, N. Y. S. Commissioner of: 82, 91

Labor, U. S. Bureau of: 16, 42, 43, 52ff, 61, 68, 70ff, 77ff, 89ff, 96, 97, 113

Labor, U. S. Commission of: 84

Law: binding force of civil: 28

Lehmkuhl, Aug.: 29

Leo XIII: 8

Liguori, Saint Alphonsus: 18, 23, 27, 28, 29

Living, Standard of: 9, 38ff, 66

Lowell, Josephine Shaw: 117

Maistre, de: 111

Mazzini, Giuseppe: 5

Mercantile Employers' Bill: 122

Middle Ages, Medieval system: 19f.

Minneapolis Vice Commission: 54, 103

Morris, William: 132

Mouth, The: 116

Necessity: definition of, 33

Neighbor: meaning of, 31

Night work: 84f.

Noldin, H.: 29

O'Reilly, John Boyle: 127

Packingtown: 96

Paine, Thomas: 5

Pittsburgh Survey: 51, 52, 66

Pius X: 8

Poisoning: 86f.

Poverty: 127ff.

Price: 18ff, 57f, 60

Property:
justification of private, 29;
superfluous, 1, 33

Prostitution: 95, 101ff.

Rent-takers: duties of, 14

Right: definition of, 10ff.

Ryan, John A.: 15, 42f.

Saloon, The: 99

Scudder, Vida: 131

Seager, H. R.: 61

Sidgwick, H.: 61

Social argument: 13, 27ff.

Southwell, Robert: 105, 128

Speeding-up: 85f.

State: authority of, 28

State-Insurance: 112

Suarez, Francisco, S. J.: 27, 28, 46

Subsistence standard: 39

Suicide: 29f.

Survey: 67, 98, 101, 104, 123

Thomas, Saint: See Aquinas

Thorold, Algar: 97

Title, just: 22f.

Tuberculosis: 88ff.

Ulpian: 11

Unemployed: 66

Unemployment: 68f.

Value: 13, 17ff.

Ventilation: 79ff.

Wage, Minimum: 42, 46, 112, 113

Wages: 4, 48ff, 62ff, 66ff, 70ff;
right to living, 9;
standard of living, 8, 9

War: 29

White List: 55, 118, 124, 125

Williams, A. B.: 98

Women:
conditions of work, 4;
hours of work, 4;
wages, 4, 67

Work:
conditions of, 4, 51ff;
right to, 9

Working Women's Society: 117, 119

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