Chapter IV: Part 4

*crecido* (_pp. of_ *crecer* grow, increase) large

*credo* _m._ creed (prayer containing the articles of Christian belief); *hace un ----* a few minutes ago

*creer* believe; *ya lo creo* yes, to be sure

*crespo* crisp, curly

*criado (_pp. of_ *criar*) brought up; _m._ servant; _f._ servant

*criar* raise; rear, bring up

*criminal* criminal

*crisis* _f._ crisis

*cristal* _m._ glass; crystal

*cristiano* Christian

*crítica* _f._ criticism *crítico* _m._ critic

*crudo* raw

*cruel* cruel

*crueldad* _f._ cruelty

*cuadro* _m._ picture

*cual* which

*cualidad* _f._ quality

*cualquiera* any, any one

*cuando* when; *---- más* at most (_cf._ *a lo más*); *---- menos* at least

*cuanto* as, as much; whatever; *en ---- a* as for; as regards; *---- más pronto* the sooner; *---- más que* the more so as

*cuánto* how much

*cuarenta* forty

*cuarterón* _m._ quarter of a pound

*cuartillo* _m._ pint

*cuarto* _m._ quarter; fourth; room; flat

*cuatro* four

*cubrir* cover

*cucurucho* _m._ paper cone

*cuenta* _f._ account

*cuerpo* _m._ body; *---- de ejército* main body of an army

*cuestión* _f._ question

*cuidado* _m._ care, worry; *tener ---- con* worry; *---- que* I tell you, no mistake; _used as an exclam. with verb understood_ take care, be careful

*cuidar de* care, take care

*culpa* _f._ fault, blame

*cultivar* cultivate

*cumplido* _m._ compliment

*cumplir* fulfill; keep a promise

*cura* _m._ priest

*curiosear* watch, pry into others' affairs

*curiosidad* _f._ curiosity

*cuyo* whose

*charlar* chatter

*chasco* _m._ disappointment; trick

*chaveta* _f._ (_sometimes written_ *chabeta*) linchpin, key; *perder la ----* _fam. expression_ go crazy (_cf. English_ go to pieces)

*chico* little; _m._ boy; _f._ girl

*chichón* _m._ bump

*chisme* _m._ gossip

*chispear* sparkle; *---- gracias* sparkle with witticisms

*chiste* _m._ joke

*chistoso* funny, humorous

*chocolate* _m._ chocolate

*chocolatera* _f._ chocolate pot

*chuleta* _f._ chop

*Churubusco* Churubusco (small village near Mexico City whose central feature was the massive stone convent of San Pablo. A battle was won here by the American troops on August 20, 1847)

*dama* _f._ lady

*dar* give; cause; *---- a luz* publish; *---- en* (_with inf_.) take to; *---- la hora* strike the hour; *va a ---- algo* you are going to have an attack of some sort; *--se con la cabeza* bump one's head

*datar* date

*de* of; from; as; by; at; with; _with inf._ to

*deán* _m._ dean

*debajo de* underneath

*debelar* conquer

*deber* owe; ought; *debía resultar* must result

*debido* (_pp. of_ *deber*) due

*débil* weak

*debilitar* weaken

*decidir* decide

*decir* say, tell

*declaración* _f._ proposal of marriage

*decoro* _m._ decorum

*dedicar* dedicate

*dedo* _m._ finger; *---- meñique* little finger

*deducir* deduce

*defecto* _m._ defect

*defender* defend

*defensa* _f._ defense

*defensor* _m._ defender

*dejar* leave; let alone; allow; *---- en el tintero* leave out in writing; *---- de* (_with inf._) fail to

*delante* before

*delicioso* delightful

*demás: lo ----* the rest, the other; *los ----* the rest, the others

*demasiado* too; too much

*demonio* _m._ demon

*demostrar* show, indicate

*denominar* designate by name

*dentro* within, inside

*depender* depend

*derecho* straight; _m._ right

*derramar* shed

*desagradable* disagreeable

*desairar* slight, provoke, offend

*desaliento* _m._ discouragement

*desamar* cease to love

*desanimarse* become discouraged

*desarmar* disarm

*desastre* _m._ disaster

*desatar* untie, disarrange

*desatino* _m._ nonsense, folly

*desayunarse* take breakfast

*descansar* rest

*descanso* _m._ landing (of a staircase)

*desconocer* fail to recognize

*desconocido* (_pp. of_ *desconocer*) strange, unknown

*descoser* rip; open

*describir* describe

*descripción* _f._ description

*descubrir* discover, disclose

*descuidar* neglect; *----se* be neglectful

*descuido* _m._ carelessness

*desde* from; *---- luego* at once

*desear* desire, wish

*desembarazado* (_pp. of_ *desembarazar*) unhindered

*desempeñar* perform; *---- un papel* play a part

*desenamorarse* cease to be in love

*desencantar* disillusion

*desengañar* undeceive; *--se* find out one's mistake

*desengaño* _m._ disillusion; discovery of a mistake; *Calle de Desengaño* name of a street in Madrid

*desenlace* _m._ dénouement, ending (of a play or story)

*deseo* _m._ desire

*desesperación* _f._ desperation

*desesperar* despair; drive to despair

*desgarrar* tear

*desgracia* _f._ misfortune

*desgraciadamente* unfortunately

*desgraciado* unfortunate

*desheredar* disinherit

*desistir* desist

*deslealtad* _f._ disloyalty

*deslumbrado* (_pp. of_ *deslumbrar*) dazed, dazzled; undecided

*desmejorar* change (for the worse)

*desnudar(se)* undress

*desorden* _m._ disorder

*despachar* finish; *----se* be quick

*despacho* _m._ office

*despedir* dismiss

*despego* _m._ aversion, coldness

*despeñar* precipitate

*desperdiciar* fail to make use of; waste

*despertar(se)* awaken

*despojos* _m. pl._ remains

*después* after; afterwards; *---- de* (_with inf._) after

*desterrar* banish

*destierro* _m._ banishment

*destinar* destine

*destrozar* tear, destroy

*desván* _m._ attic

*desvelo* _m._ anxiety, watchful care

*desventurado* unfortunate

*detener(se)* stop

*determinar a* decide

*deuda* _f._ debt

*día* _m._ day; *hoy ----* nowadays; *el ---- menos pensado* unexpectedly; *buenos ----s* good morning

*diablo* _m._ devil

*diablura* _f._ deviltry, mischief

*diálogo* _m._ dialogue

*diario* daily

*dictar* dictate

*dicha* _f._ happiness

*dicho* (_pp. of_ *decir*) aforesaid; *lo ----* I mean it; enough said; _m._ legal promise of marriage

*dichoso* happy

*Dieguito* Jimmy

*diez* ten

*diferencia* _f._ difference

*diferente* different

*difícil* difficult

*dificultad* _f._ difficulty

*digerir* digest

*dignamente* worthily, suitably

*dignidad* _f._ dignity

*digno* worthy

*dinero* _m._ money

*Dios* _m._ God; *por ----* for heaven's sake

*diplomático* _m._ diplomat; _adj._ diplomatic

*dirección* _f._ executive board

*dirigir* address; *--se* go (toward)

*discernir* discern, distinguish

*disculpar* excuse

*discurso* _m._ course, space of time

*discutir* discuss

*disfrutar* enjoy

*disparate* _m._ nonsense; foolish remark

*dispensa* _f._ dispensation

*disponer* dispose, arrange

*disposición* _f._ disposal

*disputo* _m._ dispute

*distinguido* (_pp. of_ *distinguir*) distinguished

*distinto* different

*distraer* distract

*diversión* _f._ amusement

*diverso* various

*divertido* (_pp. of_ *divertir*) amusing

*divinamente* divinely

*doblar* bend

*docena* _f._ dozen

*dócil* docile

*doler* pain

*dominante* dominant

*Domingo* Dominic, the black slave in Bernardin de Saint-Pierre's story "Paul et Virginie" (Paul and Virginia)

*Dominus* (_Latin_) Lord; *---- tecum* _Latin salutation meaning_ the Lord be with thee

*don* _m._ Spanish title used only with a gentleman's Christian ame (_abbreviated_ *D.*)

*don* _m._ gift

*doncella* _f._ maid

*donde* where

*dónde* where (_interrog._)

*doña* _f._ Spanish title used only with a lady's Christian name (_more commonly used in addressing or speaking of a married lady, but as a mark of formality the title may be applied to a lady who is unmarried_)

*dorar* gild

*dormido* (_pp. of_ *dormir*) sleepy, dreamy

*dormir* sleep; *----se* go to sleep

*dos* two

*dote* _m. and f._ gift, quality; dowry

*dramático* dramatic

*dramaturgo* _m._ dramatist

*ducado* _m._ ducat

*duda* _f._ doubt

*dudar* doubt

*duende* _m._ fairy, ghost

*durante* during

*duro* _m._ dollar; _adj._ hard

*e* and

*eclesiástico* ecclesiastical

*economía* _f._ economy

*echar* throw; throw out; put; pour; *---- mano a* seize; *haberse echado el alma atrás* be lost to a sense of duty; *---- por tierra* outdo, overcome; _fig._ gainsay

*edad* _f._ age

*edición* _f._ edition

*Eduardo* Edward

*educación* _f._ breeding, education

*educar* educate

*efecto* _m._ effect; *en ----* in fact; really; at any rate

*eficaz* efficacious

*efímero* ephemeral

*ejemplo* _m._ example

*ejército* _m._ army

*el, la, lo,* _pl._ *los, las,* the

*él, ella, ello,* _pl._ *ellos, ellas,* he; she; it; him; her; they; them; *ello es* it is a fact

*elección* _f._ choice

*elegancia* _f._ elegance

*elegante* elegant

*elemento* _m._ element

*elogiar* praise

*elogio* _m._ eulogy

*embargo* _m._ embargo; *sin ----, sin ---- de,* notwithstanding; *sin ---- de que* notwithstanding the fact that

*embromar* joke, tease

*embustero* _m._ liar, cheat

*embutido* _m._ inlaid work

*emigrado* _m._ political exile

*Emilia Galotti* title of a play by Lessing

*emoción* _f._ emotion

*empacho* _m._ bashfulness, embarrassment

*empeñarse en* insist; intercede

*empeño* _m._ determination, insistence

*empezar* begin

*empleado* _m._ employee; office-*holder

*emplear* employ; spend; use

*empleo* _m._ employment

*emporcar* soil

*emprender* begin, undertake

*empresario* _m._ manager (of a theater)

*en* in; on; (_after such verbs as_ *pensar*) of

*enamorado* (_pp. of_ *enamorarse*) enamored, in love; _m._ lover

*enamorarse de* fall in love

*encaje* _m._ lace

*encajera* _f._ lacemaker

*encantador* charming

*encaramar(se)* perch

*encargado de negocios* _m._ chargé d'affaires

*encargar* intrust; *----se* take charge; *----se del mando* assume command

*encargo* _m._ charge; request

*encender* light

*encerado* (_pp. of_ *encerar* wax) _m._ oilcloth, oilskin

*encerrar* shut up; shut in; lock up

*encierro* _m._ confinement

*encontrar* find, meet; *----se con* meet

*encuentro* _m._ meeting

*enemigo* _m._ enemy

*enfadar* make angry; *----se* become angry

*enfermedad* _f._ illness, sickness

*enfermo* sick

*enfrascar* bottle up; *----se* be absorbed; be deeply interested in

*enfrente* in front; opposite

*engañar* deceive

*engendrar* beget; form

*engullir* devour

*enhorabuena* _adv._ well and good

*enlace* _m._ union

*enojado* (_pp. of_ *enojar*) provoked, annoyed

*enojo* _m._ anger

*enorme* enormous

*ensalada* _f._ salad

*ensalzar* exalt

*ensangrentarse* rail offensively; *---- con* rail against

*enseñanza* _f._ teaching

*enseñar* teach; show

*entablar* make ready

*entender* understand

*enteramente* entirely

*enterarse de* inform one's self; be informed

*enternecer* move to pity; *----se* be moved to pity

*entero* whole

*enterrar* bury; *---- con palma* bury unwed (the palm branch being here a symbol of virginity)

*entonces* then; *por ----* then

*entrada* _f._ entrance; *libro de ----s y salidas* book of debits and credits

*entrambos* both

*entraña* _f._ entrail; _pl._ affection, compassion; *hija de mis ----s* my darling daughter

*entrarse en* enter, come in; come upon; take in

*entre* between; among; *---- tanto* (*entretanto*) meanwhile

*entreabrir* half open

*entregar* hand; give over

*entretener* entertain; delay; *----se* be busy

*entristecer* sadden

*entusiasta* enthusiastic

*enviado* _m._ envoy

*enviar* send

*envidiable* enviable

*envolver* wrap

*época* _f._ epoch

*equivocado* (_pp. of_ *equivocar*) mistaken

*equivocar* mistake; *----se* be mistaken

*Ercilla y Zúñiga, Alonso de* (1533-1594), author of the "Araucana"

*erupción* _f._ eruption

*errar* miss; mistake

*escalera* _f._ stair, stairway

*escándalo* _m._ scandal

*escapar(se)* escape; elope

*escapatoria* _f._ escape; elopement

*escarmiento* _m._ warning, chastisement

*escasez* _f._ privation, scarcity

*escena* _f._ scene

*escenario* _m._ stage; setting

*escocer* smart

*escoger* select, choose

*esconder* hide

*escribano* _m._ notary

*escribir* write; *---- corrido* write steadily; write easily and plainly

*escrito* (_pp. of_ *escribir*) _m._ writing

*escrúpulo* _m._ scruple

*escuchar* listen

*ese, esa,* _dem. adj._ that, that very

*ése, ésa, eso,* _dem. pron._ that, that one; _pl._ those

*esfera* _f._ sphere

*eso* _neuter pron. referring to an idea, phrase, or sentence_ that; *---- es* that's it; *a ---- de* about

*espadín* _m._ rapier

*espalda* _f._ back; shoulder; *volver las ----s* turn one's back

*España* _f._ Spain; *Nueva ----* early name given to Mexico by the Spaniards

*español* Spanish

*especialmente* especially

*especie* _f._ kind

*esperanza* _f._ hope

*esperar* wait; hope

*espina* _f._ thorn; splinter; physical cause of annoyance or discomfort; _figurative meaning_ suspicion, worry; *no me da buena ----* arouses my suspicion (_cf. English_ doesn't look good to me)

*esportilla* _f._ flexible basket or pannier (woven of esparto grass or something similar)

*esposa* _f._ wife

*esposo* _m._ husband

*espumar* skim; remove the scum; *saber cómo se espuma el puchero* know how to skim a stew

*esquina* _f._ corner

*esta* _adj._ this (_f. form; m._ *este*)

*establecer* settle

*establecimiento* _m._ establishment

*estado* _m._ state

*Estados Unidos* _m. pl._ United States

*estar* be; *---- bueno para* be in a fine state for; *---- de vuelta* be back; *---- de prisa* be in a hurry; *ya estoy (enterado)* I understand

*estatua* _f._ statue

*este, esta,* _dem. adj._ this

*éste, ésta, esto,* _dem. pron._ this; this one; the latter; _pl._ these _etc._

*estéril* fruitless

*esto* _neuter pron._ this (_sometimes_ that); *---- es* that is to say

*estómago* _m._ stomach

*estornudar* sneeze

*estratagema* _f._ stratagem

*Estuardo* Stuart

*estudiante* _m._ student

*estudio* _m._ study

*Etelvina* Ethelwyn

*eternidad* _f._ eternity

*eterno* eternal

*europeo* European

*evidente* evident

*evitar* avoid; prevent

*ex abrupto* suddenly

*exageración* _f._ exaggeration

*exaltar* exalt; _fig._ carry away; *---- la cabeza* turn one's head

*excelente* excellent

*excitar* excite, arouse

*excusa* _f._ excuse

*exigir* demand; insist on

*existencia* _f._ existence

*éxito* _m._ success

*experiencia* _f._ experience

*explicar* explain

*exponer* expose

*expresar* express

*expresión* _f._ expression

*expresivo* gracious, kind; expressive

*éxtasis* _m._ ecstasy

*extensión* _f._ extent

*exterior* exterior; *en el ----* abroad

*extranjero* foreign

*extrañar(se)* wonder, be surprised

*extraño* strange

*extraordinario* special, extraordinary

*extravagante* extraordinary, outlandish

*fácil* easy

*falsedad* _f._ falseness

*falta* _f._ lack; fault; *hacer buena ----* be much in need of; be absolutely necessary

*faltar* lack; *---- a* be lacking in; *no faltaba más* (_expression of dissent_) the idea! that would be the last straw

*fallo* _m._ decision, sentence

*familia* _f._ family

*fastidiar* weary; *----se* become bored

*fatigado* (_pp. of_ *fatigar*) fatigued, weary

*fatuo* fatuous, conceited

*favor* _m._ favor

*favorable* favorable *fe* _f._ faith; *a ----* _exclam._ upon my word

*fecundo* fecund, fertile

*felicidad* _f._ happiness

*feliz* happy

*feo* ugly

*fiar(se)* trust

*ficción* _f._ fiction; stratagem, invention, trick

*figurar* figure; *----se* imagine

*filiación* _f._ filiation

*filial* filial

*fin* _m._ end; *en ----, al ----, por ----,* after all; finally

*finalmente* finally

*fingir* pretend; plan; invent; counterfeit

*fino* fine, courteous, delicate

*firma* _f._ signature

*firmar* sign

*fisgonear* spy

*físico* _m._ constitution

*fisonomía* _f._ physiognomy

*Flandes* Flanders; *punto de ----* Flemish lace

*fleco* _m._ fringe

*flor* _f._ flower

*fogosidad* _f._ fire, spirit

*fomentar* foment

*fomento _m._ development

*Fontana de Oro* (Golden Fount) famous café in Madrid much frequented by such liberals and men of letters as the critic Larra and the dramatist Gorostiza

*formación* _f._ formation

*formar* form; *---- en el bando* join the faction

*forrar* line

*forro* _m._ lining; cover (of a book)

*fortuna* _f._ fortune, good luck; *por ----* fortunately

*fosco (hosco)* harsh, frowning

*fracaso* _m._ sorry plight

*frágil* fragile, frail

*francés* French

*Francia* _f._ France

*Francisco* Francis

*franco* open

*frase* _f._ phrase; sentence

*frecuencia* _f._ frequency

*fregado* _m._ tangle

*fregar* scrub

*frenético* frenzied

*frente* _m._ front; _f._ brow, forehead

*fresco* fresh, cool

*frío* _m._ cold

*friolera* _f._ trifle

*frugalmente* frugally

*fruto* _m._ fruit

*fuego* _m._ fire

*fuelle* _m._ bellows

*fuera* outside; *---- de sí* beside one's self

*fuerte* _adj. and adv._ loud; loudly; strong; strongly

*fuerza* _f._ force; *por ----* of necessity

*fulano* _m._ so-and-so

*fundar* found; base

*furioso* furious

*furor* _m._ fury

*futuro* _m._ future

*gabacho* _m. disrespectful word for_ French; poor Spanish

*gabinete* _m._ boudoir

*gaceta* _f._ gazette

*gallina* _f._ hen; *la ---- ciega* blind man's buff

*gamo* _m._ buck (of the fallow deer)

*gana* _f._ desire; *tener ----* want

*ganar* earn; *le ----ía la voluntad* must have won for him the good will

*garabato* _m._ scrawl

*garbanzo* _m._ chick-pea

*gastar* spend

*gato* _m._ cat

*gemir* moan; grieve

*general* _m._ general

*generalmente* generally

*género* _m._ class; kind; *---- humano* mankind; _pl._ goods

*gente* _f._ people

*geringonza* _see_ *jerigonza*

*gestión* _f._ negotiation; exertion

*gesto* _m._ gesture; expression; *hacer ----* make a wry face

*gitanada* _f._ trick

*gloria* _f._ glory

*gloriarse de* take delight in

*glorioso* glorious

*gobierno* _m._ government, rule

*golpe* blow; *---- de gracia* finishing stroke (blow given or shot fired to insure death to a wounded victim)

*Gómez Farías, Valentín*, Mexican statesman and champion of reform. The office of president was wrested from him by Santa Anna, April 1, 1833

*Gómez Hermosilla, José Mamerto* (1771-1837), Spanish man of letters. His translation of the Iliad is a noted work

*gracia* _f._ mercy; favor; grace; joke; _pl._ thanks

*gracioso* funny, amusing

*granadero* _m._ grenadier

*grande* great; large, big

*grano* _m._ grain, seed; *---- de anís* very small matter

*gratitud* _f._ gratitude

*grave* serious

*griego* Greek

*grieta* _f._ crack; *----s en las manos* chapped hands

*gritar* shout

*grito* _m._ shout, cry

*grosería* _f._ coarseness, boorishness

*guante* _m._ glove

*guarda* _m._ guard; *---- de a caballo* mounted police

*guardar* keep

*guardia* _f._ guard

*guardilla* _f._ attic

*guarecer* shelter, guard

*guarnición* _f._ trimming

*guerra* _f._ war

*guisado* _m._ stew

*guisar* cook

*gustar* please; like; taste

*gusto* _m._ pleasure; liking; taste

*gustosísimo* (_superlative of_ *gustoso*) most content, most willing

*haber* have; (_impersonal_) be; *---- de* (_with inf._) have to; *a no ---- venido* if I had not come; *ha de hacer* there is to do; *ha de ser* there must be; it must be

*habitar* live

*hábito* _m._ habit; _pl._ priestly dress

*hacer* do; make; commit; cause; *hace un año* (_etc._) a year (_etc._) ago; *----se* become; *----se cargo* bear in mind; *qué me he de ----* what am I to do with myself; *---- papel* play a part; *sin ---- del agua* brand new

*hacia* toward

*hacienda* _f._ estate; finance; *ministro de ----* Secretary of the Treasury

*hallar* find; *----se* be; be found

*hambre* _f._ hunger

*harina* _f._ flour

*hasta* until; as far as; even; *---- tanto que* until such time as

*hay* (_impersonal irreg. form from_ *haber*) there is; there are; *no ---- de qué* you are welcome; *---- que* _with infin._ one must; *qué ----* hello, what's the news

*hecho* _m._ deed

*hembra* _f._ female; woman

*heredar* inherit

*heredero* _m._ heir

*hereje* _m. and f._ heretic

*herencia* _f._ inheritance

*hermana* _f._ sister

*hermano* _m._ brother

*hermoso* beautiful; handsome

*Herodes* _m._ Herod

*héroe* _m._ hero

*heroico* heroic

*heroína* _f._ heroine

*hervir* boil

*hierro* _m._ iron

*hija* _f._ daughter; _used also in direct address as a term of mild endearment_

*hijo* _m._ son; _pl._ sons; children

*hipótesis* _f._ hypothesis

*historia* _f._ history

*historiador* _m._ historian

*hojear* turn the pages of; open

*hola* _exclam._ hello, I say, _etc._

*Holanda* _f._ Holland

*hombre* _m._ man

*homenaje* _m._ homage

*honor* _m._ honor

*honradez* _f._ honesty

*honrado* honest, honorable

*honrar* honor

*hora* _f._ hour; time; *a buena ----* at a seasonable time

*horizonte* _m._ horizon

*hormiguillo* _m._ (_from_ *hormiga* ant) distemper of horses affecting first the hoofs; amalgamating mixture; *tener ----* be on pins and needles

*horror* _m._ horror

*hortera* _m._ nickname applied to certain shop clerks in Madrid

*hoy* today

*huerto* _m._ garden; orchard

*huevo* _m._ egg

*huir* flee; avoid

*humano* human; humane

*humeante* smoking

*humedecer* dampen, moisten

*humilde* humble

*humillación* _f._ humiliation

*humillar* humiliate

*humor* _m._ humor

*huracán _m._ hurricane

*idea* _f._ idea

*ídem* (_Latin pronoun_) the same; ditto

*iglesia* _f._ church

*ignorar* be unaware of

*igual* equal, like; even

*ilusión* _f._ illusion; fond fancy

*ilustre* illustrious, distinguished

*imaginar* imagine

*imaginario* imaginary

*impaciente* impatient

*impávido* dauntless

*impedir* hinder

*imperdonable* unpardonable

*imperfección* _f._ imperfection; blemish

*imperiosamente* imperiously

*implorar* implore

*importancia* _f._ importance

*importante* important

*importar* matter

*importunar* importune; bother

*imposible* impossible

*imprimir* print

*improbabilidad* _f._ improbability

*imprudencia* _f._ rashness

*impulso* _m._ impulse; *dar ----* encourage; foster

*incapaz* incapable

*incertidumbre* _f._ uncertainty

*inclinación* _f._ inclination

*inclusero* _m._ foundling; child reared in an Inclusa or orphans' home (Mesonero Romanos in his "El antiguo Madrid" states that the name Inclusa was given to the institution in Madrid because of a statue of the Virgin that is in its chapel and that was brought from Enkhuizen, Holland (Inclusa being a corruption of Enkhuizen); a child left in an Inclusa could hardly boast of his family)

*incógnito* incognito

*incompleto* incomplete, unfinished

*inconveniente* _m._ inconvenience

*indeciso* undecided

*indefenso* defenseless

*independencia* _f._ independence

*indicar* indicate

*indiferente* indifferent

*indigencia* _f._ poverty

*indigestarse* be hard to stomach

*indigestión* _f._ indigestion

*indigno* unworthy

*indisoluble* indissoluble

*indisposición* _f._ illness (slight)

*indisputable* indisputable

*individuo* _m._ individual

*indudablemente* undoubtedly

*indulgencia* _f._ indulgence, pardon

*inesperado* unexpected; unhoped-for

*infamia* _f._ outrage

*infatigable* indefatigable

*infeliz* unhappy

*inferir* infer

*infinito* infinitely

*inflamar* inflame

*influir* influence

*informar* inform

*informe* _m._ information; _pl._ information

*ingenio* _m._ talent

*ingenioso* ingenious

*Inglaterra* _f._ England

*inglés* English

*ingratitud* _f._ ingratitude

*injusticia* _f._ injustice

*injusto* unjust

*inmenso* immense

*inmolar* immolate, sacrifice

*innumerable* innumerable

*inocente* innocent

*inoportuno* inopportune

*inquietar(se)* fret, worry

*inquilino* _m._ tenant

*inseparable* inseparable

*insolencia* _f._ insolence

*insolentarse* become insolent

*instancia* _f._ urging; petition

*instante* _m._ instant

*instar* urge

*instrucción* _f._ instruction

*instructivo* instructive

*instrumento* _m._ instrument, tool

*insultar* insult

*intentar* try, attempt

*intercalar* intercalate, insert; interpose

*interés* _m._ interest; *tener ---- en* have a reason for

*interesar* interest

*interpretar* interpret

*intervalo* _m._ interval

*íntimo* intimate

*intriga* _f._ intrigue

*introducir* introduce

*inútil* useless

*invasión* _f._ invasion

*invasor* invader

*inverosimilitud* _f._ improbability

*invierno* _m._ winter

*invitar* invite

*involuntariamente* involuntarily

*ir* go; *----se* go away; go off; boil over

*irregular* irregular

*irresistible* irresistible

*irrevocable* irrevocable

*irritar* irritate

*isla* _f._ island

*jabón* _m._ soap

*jabonadura* _f._ washing; _pl._ soap suds

*jabonar* wash with soap

*jalapa* _f._ jalap (plant, native of Jalapa, Mexico, whose root has strong purgative properties)

*jamás* never

*jaula* _f._ cage

*jefe* _m._ head, chief

*jergón* _m._ straw tick, straw bed

*jerigonza* _f._ (*gerigonza*) jargon; rigmarole

*Jesús* _m._ Jesus; _as an exclam._ mercy, gracious

*jícara* _f._ chocolate cup

*jornada* _f._ military expedition

*José* Joseph

*jota* _f._ letter J; jot

*joven* young; _m. and f._ young man; young woman

*Juan* John

*Juana* Jane, Joan

*jueves* _m._ Thursday; *cosa del otro ----* something unusual

*jugador* _m._ gambler

*jugar* play

*juicio* _m._ judgment

*juicioso* sensible

*julio* _m._ July

*juntar* join

*junto* near; together; *---- a* together with, along with

*juramento* _m._ oath; vow

*jurar* swear

*justicia* _f._ justice

*justo* just, fair

*juventud* _f._ youth

*juzgar* judge

*la* _f._ (_definite article_) the; the one; *---- de* that of; (_objective pron._) her; it

*labio* _m._ lip

*lado* _m._ side

*lagar* _m._ winepress

*lamentación* _f._ lamentation, wail

*lance* _m._ occurrence; *de ----* at a bargain, cheap, secondhand

*langosta* _f._ lobster

*Larra, Mariano José de* (1809-1837) the celebrated "Fígaro," journalist, novelist, and dramatist, besides being the greatest Spanish satirist and literary critic of his time

*lástima* _f._ pity; *dar ----* inspire with pity, make sorry

*laurel* _m._ laurel; honor

*lavandera* _f._ washerwoman

*lavar* wash

*lazo* _m._ tie

*le* him; you; to him; to you; to her; to it

*lector* _m._ reader

*lectura* _f._ reading

*leer* read

*legua* _f._ league

*lejos* far

*lenguaje* _m._ language

*lenteja* _f._ lentil

*Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim,* German dramatist (1729-1781)

*letanía* _f._ litany (long prayer consisting of a series of invocations and responses. The best-known litanies are those addressed to the Virgin Mary, but there are also litanies of the Saints, litanies of the Holy Name, etc.); long list (of any sort)

*letra* _f._ letter

*levantar* raise; *---- la cama* make the bed; *---- la tapa de los sesos* blow one's brains out; *--se* get up

*ley* _f._ law; loyalty

*liberal* liberal

*libertad* _f._ liberty

*libra* _f._ pound

*libraco* _m._ old trashy book

*librar* deliver, free

*libre* free, unguarded

*libro* _m._ book

*licencia* _f._ permission, consent

*lija* _f._ dogfish; shark-skin (the dried skin is used for polishing woods and metals); sandpaper

*limitar* limit

*límite* _m._ limit

*limosna* _f._ alms

*limpieza* _f._ cleanliness

*limpio* clean

*lindo* charming, lovely; neat; fine; *---- mozo* fine-looking young fellow

*lisonjear* flatter

*lista* _f._ list

*listo* ready

*literario* literary

*literato* _m._ writer

*lo* him; it; so; _with m. sing. adj._ *lo* _forms abstract noun_; *---- único* the only thing (_cf._ *---- mismo* the same thing; likewise); *---- que* that which, what; how much, how; *---- es* it is; it is so

*lobreguez* _f._ darkness

*loco* crazy; *---- de atar* raving lunatic

*locura* _f._madness; act of madness

*lograr* succeed; succeed in

*Londres* _m._ London

*losa* _f._ slab

*lucha* _f._ struggle

*luego* then; soon, immediately

*lugar* _m._ place; space; time

*lumbre* _f._ fire

*luz* _f._ light

*llamar* call; knock; attract; *hacer ----* have called

*llave* _f._ key

*llegar* arrive, reach; *---- a* (_with inf._) come

*llenar* fill

*llevar* carry; take; *---- a cabo* carry out, accomplish; *---- a los labios* raise to the lips; *----se* take with one; take away

*llorar* cry

*lloro* _m._ weeping

*madre* _f._ mother; bed (of a river)

*Madrid* _m._ Madrid

*maestrante* _m._ member of a *maestranza* or riding club of Spanish noblemen

*magnánimo* magnanimous

*mal* _m._ wrong; harm; _adv._ badly

*maldito* cursed (_pp. of_ *maldecir*); (_in exclam._) confound, plague take (the); (_used to express strong negation_) little; none; *sin maldita la oposición* without any opposition whatever

*malo* bad; *estar ----* be sick

*malsonante* ill-sounding

*Malvina* girl's name

*Mallorca* island of Majorca; *pan de ----* kind of rich coffee-cake

*mandar* order

*mando* _m._ command

*manera* _f._ manner; *en gran ----* greatly

*manga* _f._ sleeve

*maniático* maniacal

*manifestar* show

*mano* _f._ hand; *tener entre ----s* have in hand

*Manuel* Manuel

*Manuela* girl's name (_f. of_ *Manuel*)

*mañana* _f._ morning; _adv._ tomorrow

*marchar* march; go; *----se* go away

*Margarita* Margaret

*María* Mary

*marido* _m._ husband

*marqués* _m._ marquis

*marquesa* _f._ marchioness

*marquesado* _m._ marquisate

*Martínez de la Rosa, Francisco* (1789-1862), Spanish statesman and writer banished by Ferdinand VII

*mártir* _m. and f._ martyr

*mas* but

*más* more; most; *los (las) ---- de* the majority of; *por ---- que* however much; *no ----* nothing more

*masa* _f._ mass

*matar* kill

*matemático* _m._ mathematician

*materia* _f._ matter; *entrar en ----* come to the point

*Matilde* girl's name

*matutino* early (in the morning)

*mayor* (_comp. of_ *grande*) greater; greatest; chief, main

*mayorazgo* _m._ entail; inheritance of oldest son

*me* me

*media* _f._ stocking

*medida* _f._ measure

*medio* _m._ midst; means; middle; _adj._ half; *de ---- a ----* completely

*meditación* _f._ meditation

*mejor* (_comp. of_ bueno) better; best

*memoria* _f._ memory

*menester* _m._ necessity; *ser ----* be necessary

*menor* younger; smaller; *el ----* the youngest

*menos* less; least; *al ----, a lo ----, cuando ----, por lo ----*, at least; *a ---- que* unless

*menoscabo* _m._ detriment

*mentecato* _m._ fool, idiot

*mentira* _f._ lie

*menudo: a ----* often

*meñique* _adj._ little (finger)

*mercantil* mercantile, business

*merced* _f._ grace; *su ----* (_title of respect_) you (_cf._ *vuestra ----, Vd.*)

*merecedor* deserving

*merecer* merit, deserve

*mérito* _m._ merit, worth

*mes* _m._ month

*mesa* _f._ table

*meter* put, put in; shut up; *----se* get in, get under; *----se en camisa de once varas* interfere in other people's affairs; *---- baza* put in a word

*método* method

*mexicano* Mexican

*México* _m._ Mexico

*mi* my

*mí* me; myself

*miedo* _m._ fear

*miembro* _m._ member; limb

*mientras* while

*mil* thousand

*milagro* _m._ miracle

*militar* military

*millar* _m._ thousand (_generally used in the pl._)

*mimar* pet, spoil

*minino* _m. fam. for_ *gato* cat (_cf. English_ pussy)

*ministro* _m._ minister, secretary; *---- de Relaciones* Secretary of Foreign Affairs

*minuto* _m._. minute

*mío* my; mine

*mirada* _f._ glance

*miramiento* _m._ circumspection

*mirar* look, look at

*miserable* miserable

*miseria* _f._ misery; trifle

*mísero* miserable

*misión* _f._ mission

*mismo* same; very; (_with noun or pron._) himself, herself, itself, yourself, _etc._; *lo ----* the same thing; *por lo ----* for the same reason; consequently; *aquí ----* right here

*misterio* _m._ mystery

*modales* _m. pl._ manners

*moderno* modern

*modesto* modest

*modismo* _m._ idiom, idiomatic expression

*modo* _m._ way, manner; means; *de todos ----s* at any rate; *de otro ----* otherwise

*Moliere* Molière (1622-1673), noted French dramatist who greatly influenced Moratín

*momento* _m._ moment

*monólogo* _m._ monologue

*monstruoso* monstrous

*Monterey* _m._ Monterey (Monterrey), capital city of the state of Nuevo León, Mexico, taken by American forces in September, 1846

*moralidad* _f._ morality

*moribundo* dying

*morir(se)* die; *---- por sus pedazos* be infatuated with one

*mortal* _adj. and m. and f._ mortal

*mosca* _f._ fly; *picarle la ----* be bothered by

*mostrar* show

*motivo* _m._ motive, reason

*muchacha* _f._ girl

*mucho* much; _pl._ many

*muda* _f._ change

*mudanza* _f._ change; inconstancy

*mueble* _m._ piece of furniture; _pl._ furniture

*muerte* _f._ death

*mujer* _f._ woman; wife

*multitud* _f._ large number

*mundo* _m._ world

*muñeca* _f._ doll

*murmurar* murmur; talk about unfavorably

*muselina* _f._ muslin

*mutuamente* mutually

*muy* very

*nacer* be born; *estos criados antiguos que nos han visto ----* these old servants who have known us all our lives

*nacimiento* _m._ birth

*nacional* national

*nada* nothing; _with negative_ anything; _adv._ not at all

*nadie* nobody

*natal* native

*natural* natural

*naturaleza* _f._ nature; kind

*necesariamente* necessarily

*necesario* necessary

*necesidad* _f._ necessity

*necesitar* need

*necio* idiotic

*negado* _m._ one lacking in sense or judgment; *hacer el ----* play the fool

*negar* deny; refuse

*negativa* _f._ refusal

*negociación* _f._ negotiation

*negociar* negotiate

*negocio* _m._ business; affair

*negro* black; _m._ negro

*ni* neither; nor; not, not even

*Nicolasa* woman's name

*niebla* _f._ fog, mist

*ninguno* _adj. and pron._ none; no one; no

*niña* _f._ girl, young lady; apple of one's eye

*niño* _m._ child; boy

*no* no; not

*noble* noble

*noche* _f._ night

*nogal* _m._ walnut-tree; walnut wood

*nombrar* name, appoint

*norteamericano* North American; of the United States

*nos* us

*nosotros* we; us

*notable* notable, famous

*notar* notice, note

*noticia* _f._ news

*noticiar* notify

*novela* _f._ novel

*novia* _f._ sweetheart; bride

*novio* _m._ lover; bridegroom

*nube* _f._ cloud

*nuestro* our

*nueva* _f._ news

*nueve* nine

*nuevo* new

*nunca* never

*o* or

*obedecer* obey

*obediente* obedient

*objeto* _m._ object

*obligación* _f._ obligation, duty

*obligar* oblige, force

*obra* _f._ work

*observación* _f._ observation; remark

*observar* observe

*obstáculo* _m._ obstacle

*obtener* obtain, get

*ocasión* _f._ occasion; opportunity; *a ocasiones* at times

*océano* _m._ ocean

*ocioso* idle

*octubre* _m._ October

*oculto* hidden; disguised

*ocupación* *f.* occupation

*ocupar* occupy, busy

*ocurrir* occur

*ocurso* _m. (Mex.)_ petition, claim

*ochavo* _m._ small copper coin no longer in use

*ocho* eight

*ochocientos* eight hundred

*odio* _m._ hatred

*odioso* odious

*Ofelia* Ophelia

*ofender* offend

*ofrecer* offer

*oh* _exclam._ oh

*oído* _m._ ear

*oír* hear; *oiga* _exclam._ listen, I say

*ojalá* _exclam. introducing a wish_ would that; O that

*ojeada* _f._ glance

*ojo* _m._ eye; *en un abrir y cerrar de ----s* in a twinkling; *dar en ----s* make angry

*oler* smell

*olfatear* smell, sniff

*olvidar(se)* forget

*onza* _f._ ounce

*ópera* _f._ opera

*opinar* think, judge

*oponer(se)* oppose

*oposición* _f._ opposition

*opuesto* (_pp. of_ *oponer*) opposed; opposite

*ora* now (_used in parallel constructions_)

*orador* _m._ orator, speaker

*orden* _f._ order

*ordinario* ordinary, common

*organizar* organize

*original* _adj. and m._ original

*oscuro* dark; *a oscuras* in the dark

*oste (oxte)* _exclam._ begone, get out; *sin decir ---- ni moste* without saying a word

*otorgar* consent, agree to

*otro* other, another

*oveja* _f._ sheep; *cada ---- con su pareja* each with his own kind

*Pablo* Paul

*paciencia* _f._ patience

*padecer* suffer

*padecimiento* _m._ suffering

*Padierna* Padierna (ranch or farm in the municipality of San Ángel, a suburb of Mexico City, where on August 19-20, 1847, the Mexicans lost an important battle, known in the United States as the battle of Contreras)

*padre* _m._ father

*padrino* _m._ godfather

*pagar* pay, pay for; *me las pagará todas juntas* I'll get even with you for everything

*pago* _m._ payment

*país* _m._ country

*paja* _f._ straw

*paje* _m._ page

*palabra* _f._ word

*palacio* _m._ palace

*pálido* pale

*palma* _f._ palm; _fig._ honor

*palmada* _f._ clap

*Palo Alto* Palo Alto (city in the extreme south of Texas where the Americans defeated the Mexicans in battle in 1846)

*palomino* _m._ young pigeon, squab

*pan* _m._ bread

*pana* _f._ velveteen; corduroy

*pañuelo* _m._ handkerchief

*papá* _m._ papa

*papamoscas* _m._ flycatcher (bird)

*papel* _m._ paper; *---- de seda* tissue paper; _fig._ part, rôle

*papilla* _f._ pap

*par* _m._ pair

*para* for, in order to; *---- que* in order to; so that; *---- qué* what for

*parcial* partial, prejudiced

*parecer* appear, seem; *al ----, a lo que parece,* apparently; *ya pareció el peine* now we've got him, I told you so

*pared* _f._ wall

*pareja* _f._ partner

*parentesco* _m._ relationship

*pariente* _m._ relation

*París* Paris

*parleta* _f._ chat

*parte* _f._ part; *en mucha ----* largely; *por una ----* on the one hand; *por otra ----* on the other hand; on the contrary

*particular* particular; strange, peculiar; especial; *no tener nada de ----* not be strange

*partida* _f._ departure

*partidario* _m._ partisan; *ser ---- de* be partial to; like

*partido* _m._ match; political party; district; *tomar ----* take a stand; make up one's mind; resolve

*pasar* pass, go; spend; take place; endure; be the matter with; *---- de* (_with inf_.) go beyond; *se me pasaba* I was forgetting

*pasear(se)* walk up and down; stroll

*pasión* _f._ passion

*pasivo* passive

*paso* _m._ passing; step, pace; short dramatic sketch; *dar un ----* take a step

*paterno* paternal

*patria* _f._ country, native land

*patrimonial* patrimonial

*pecar* sin; be at fault

*pedazo* _m._ piece

*pedir* ask, ask for; call for

*Pedro* Peter

*pegujar (pegujal)* _m._ small estate; _pl._ acres

*peine* _m._ comb; tooth of a comb; sharp point, barb, sticker

*pelaje* _m._ (poor) appearance

*pelear* fight

*peligro* _m._ danger

*pelo* _m._ hair; *de medio ----* shabby-genteel

*pelotera* _f._ quarrel, fuss

*pena* _f._ pain

*penalidad* _f._ penalty

*pensamiento* _m._ thought

*pensar* think; expect

*peor* worse; *lo ----* the worst

*pera* _f._ pear

*percal* _m._ percale, calico

*perder* lose; ruin; *pierda V. cuidado* don't worry

*perdón* _m._ pardon

*perdonar* pardon

*perdulario* shiftless; _m._ ne'er-do-well, shiftless person

*perfección* _f._ perfection

*perillán* _m._ (_from_ *Per Illán*, _a famous Toledan character of the 13th century_) scamp

*periódico* _m._ newspaper

*periodista* _m._ journalist, reporter

*período* _m._ period

*permiso* _m._ permission

*permitir* permit

*pero* but

*perrada* _f._ mean action; low-down trick

*persecución* _f._ persecution

*persistir* persist

*persona* _f._ person

*personaje* _m._ personage, character

*personal* personal

*persuadir* persuade

*pertenecer* belong

*Perú* _m._ Peru (country rich in mines); *valer un ----* be worth a fortune; be fraught with meaning

*pesado* heavy, dull, boresome

*pesadumbre* _f._ grief

*pesar* weigh; *----se de* be sorry for; *a ---- de ----es* in spite of everything

*petición* _f._ petition

*piano* _m._ piano

*picar* sting, bite

*pícaro* villainous

*picotear* peck at; jabber; chatter all the time

*pie* _m._ foot; *al ---- de la letra* literally, word for word

*pienso* _m._ (_old form of_ *pensamiento*) thought; *ni por ----* by no means

*pieza* _f._ piece; play; rogue, joker

*píldora* _f._ pill

*pimienta* _f._ pepper; _fig._ cause for annoyance

*pinar* _m._ pine grove

*pique: a ---- de* on the point of

*pisar* tread

*piso* _m._ floor

*pistola* _f._ pistol

*pistoletazo* _m._ pistol shot

*pitanza* _f._ daily food

*placer* _m._ pleasure

*plan* _m._ plan; theme or plot (of a story or play)

*planchar* iron, press

*plano* plain, smooth, flat

*plátano* _m._ banana

*plato* _m._ plate; dish; *---- de gusto* palatable dish

*plaza* _f._ place, post

*plenipotenciario* _adj. and m._ plenipotentiary

*pliego* _m._ sheet of paper

*pluma* _f._ pen

*pobre* poor; *---- de mí* poor me

*pobrecillo, pobrecito* _adj. and m._ poor little; poor little thing

*pobretón* very poor

*pobreza* _f._ poverty

*pocilga* _f._ pigsty

*poco* little; not very; *otro ----* a little more

*poder* be able; _m._ power; *no puedo menos de* (_with inf._) I cannot help; *no puedo más* I can stand no more

*poeta* _m._ poet

*política* _f._ politics; political matters

*político* political

*poltrón* lazy; *silla poltrona* easy chair

*polvillo* _m._ (_dim. of_ *polvo*) fine dust

*polvo* _m._ dust

*poner* put, place, station; *---- al corriente* inform; *----se pálido* turn pale

*popa* _f._ stern (of a ship)

*por* for; by; through; because of; *---- una ventana* out of a window; *---- qué* why; *el ---- qué* the reason why

*porque* because

*porquería* _f._ filth; untidiness

*portarse* conduct one's self

*porvenir* _m._ future

*posdata* _f._ postscript

*poseer* possess

*posesión* _f._ possession

*posible* possible

*posición* _f._ position

*positivo* positive

*posta* _f._ post, stage

*potaje* _m._ pottage; *---- de lentejas* lentil soup

*potencia* _f._ power

*práctico* practical

*preámbulo* _m._ preamble

*precioso* lovely; precious

*precipicio* _m._ precipice

*precipitación* _f._ haste

*precipitadamente* hurriedly

*precipitar* ruin

*precisamente* precisely

*preciso* necessary; _adv._ exactly

*preferencia* _f._ preference

*preferir* prefer

*pregunta* _f._ question

*preguntar* ask, question

*premioso* pressing, troublesome

*prenda* _f._ cherished token; garment

*prendar* attract; *estar prendado* be taken with; be smitten with

*preocupación* _f._prejudice; notion

*preocupar* absorb, preoccupy

*preparación* _f._ preparation

*preparar* prepare

*preparativo* _m._ preparation

*presencia* _f._ presence

*presentar* present; *----se* appear

*presente* present; *tener ----* have in mind

*preservar* keep, protect

*presidio* _m._ prison; prisoner

*prestar* lend

*presto* quickly

*presumido* (_pp. of_ *presumir*) presumptuous

*presumir* presume; suspect

*presuntuoso* presumptuous

*pretender* attempt

*pretendiente* _m._ suitor

*pretexto* _m._ pretext

*prima* _f._ cousin

*primero* first

*principal* main, principal; *El Principal* first theater of importance in Mexico City (it still exists, though now given over to short comic operas and vaudeville)

*príncipe* _m._ prince

*principio* _m._ beginning

*prisa* _f._ haste; *de ----* quickly; *tener ----* be in a hurry

*privado* private

*probable* probable

*probablemente* probably

*probar* prove; try; taste; *---- bocado* taste a mouthful

*profundo* profound, deep

*progenitor* _m._ ancestor; _as adj._ ancestral

*prolongar* prolong

*prometer* promise

*pronto* _adj. and adv._ quick; ready; quickly; *de ----* suddenly; _m._ outburst; *primer ----* sudden outburst

*propensión* _f._ propensity

*propio* own

*proponer* propose, suggest

*proporcionar* furnish; afford

*propósito* _m._ proposition

*proscribir* proscribe

*proseguir* proceed, go on with

*protagonista* _m. and f._ principal character, star

*protección* _f._ protection

*protestar declare

*provecho* _m._ advantage, benefit; *buen ---- le haga* may it do you good

*provocar* provoke

*proyecto* _m._ project, plan

*prudencia* _f._ prudence

*prudente* prudent

*prueba* _f._ proof

*publicar* publish

*público* public

*puchero* _m._ small pot; Spanish stew (of which one of the principal ingredients is usually the *garbanzo* or chick-pea. The *puchero* is known also as the *cocido* and was formerly called *olla* _or_, when especially rich, *olla podrida*); _pl._ pout, snivel; *hacer ----s* snivel

*pueblo* _m._ people

*puerta* door; *---- falsa* back door; *---- principal* front door; main entrance

*puerto* _m._ harbor

*pues* why; well; then; since; (_used alone in answer to a question_) yes

*puesto* _m._ position; post, place

*pulso* _m._ pulse; wrist

*puntilla* _f._ (_dim. of_ *punta*) small point; *de ----s* on tiptoe

*punto* _m._ point; stitch; lace; *---- y coma* semicolon; *a ----* opportunely

*purgar* purge

*puro* pure

*que* who; which; that; than; for; *el ----* he who; the one that; the fact that; *lo ----* what; how much; *sino ----* except that; *tanto tiempo ----* such time as; *por lo ---- es eso* as for that; *---- de V. soy y seré* for I am yours and always will be

*qué* _exclam._ what, why; _interrog._ how, what; _adv._ how; *a ----* (_with inf._) why; *de ----* how, in what way

*quebrantar* break, crush

*quedar(se)* remain

*quehacer* _m._ duty, occupation

*quejarse* complain

*quemar* burn

*querer* love; like; wish, want; *---- decir* mean; *---se* love each other

*querida* _f._ beloved one; dear one

*qui pro quo* _m._ misunderstanding

*quiebra* _f._ failure

*quien* who

*quién* who

*Quijote* Don Quixote (hero of Cervantes's novel of the same name)

*quince* fifteen

*quinientos* five hundred

*Quintana, Manuel José* (1772-1857), noted Spanish poet and historian ardently opposed to the French invasion

*quinto* fifth

*quitar* take away, remove; prevent

*quizá* perhaps

*rabo* _m._ tail

*rapto* _m._ abduction

*raro* rare; strange; scarcely (any)

*rasgo* _m._ trait; great action

*rato* _m._ short space of time; *hace ----* a moment ago

*rayado* (_pp. of_ *rayar*) striped

*rayo* _m._ thunderbolt; flash of lightning

*raza* _f._ race

*razón* _f._ right; reason; *tener ----* be right; *tener mil ----es* be perfectly right; be a thousand times right

*real* _m._ real (one fourth of a peseta in Spanish money, equivalent to about five cents; in Mexico a real is one eighth of a peso, or about six cents); _adj._ royal

*realizar* realize, gain; *--se* take place

*realmente* really

*rebelar(se)* rebel

*rebozo* _m._ shawl-like covering or scarf worn by Spanish and Spanish-American women on the head and shoulders; *sin ----* openly

*recado* _m._ message (written or verbal)

*recaer* devolve; fall

*recibimiento* _m._ reception

*recibir* receive

*recién* recently

*reclamar* claim, demand

*recobrar* recover

*recoger* gather, gather up; receive

*recomendar* recommend

*recompensar* recompense, reward

*reconciliar* reconcile

*reconocer* reconnoiter

*reconocimiento* _m._ recognition

*recordación* _f._ remembrance

*recordar* remember; remind

*recorrer* run over; travel through

*recuperar* recover, make up

*recurso* _m._ resort; means

*redondo* round; *caer(se) ----* faint, fall in a heap

*referir* relate, tell; *--se* refer

*reflexión* _f._ reflection, thought

*reflexionar* reflect

*refundir* rearrange

*regalo* _m._ comfort, luxury

*regañar* scold

*regatear* beat down the price

*regresar* return

*regularmente* generally

*rehilete* _m._ dart, shuttlecock

*reinado* _m._ reign

*reír(se)* laugh

*reja* _f._ grating (made of iron bars, to protect an outer door or window)

*rejalgar* _m._ realgar, red arsenic

*relación* _f._ account, story; relation; affair

*relámpago* _m._ lightning

*relato* _m._ story, report

*relieve* _m._ relief

*remediar* remedy, help

*remedio* _m._ remedy, help

*remendar* mend

*remirar* look again

*remoto* remote

*renacer* be born again

*rendición* _f._ surrender

*rendija* _f._ crack

*rendir* give up, surrender

*renegar* swear

*renglón* _m._ line

*renta* _f._ income

*reparar en* notice, pay attention to

*repente* _m._ sudden movement; *de ----* suddenly

*repetir* repeat

*reposar* repose

*representación* _f._ performance, production

*representante* _m._ representative

*representar* act, represent

*reproducir* reproduce

*república* _f._ republic

*repugnar* repudiate

*repulsa* _f._ repulse

*requerer* require, demand

*requisito* requisite

*Resaca* Resaca de la Palma (small town in Texas on the Rio Grande, near which the American forces defeated the Mexicans in battle in 1846)

*residir* reside

*resignación* _f._ resignation

*resignar* resign

*resolver* solve; resolve, decide

*respecto: ---- de* concerning

*respeto* _m._ respect

*respetuoso* respectful

*respirar* breathe

*responder* answer; *---- de* answer for

*respuesta* _f._ answer

*restante* remaining

*resto* _m._ rest; _pl._ remnants, remains

*resuelto* (_pp. of_ *resolver*) resolute

*resultado* _m._ result

*resultar* result; turn out

*resumen* _m._ résumé, summary

*retirar(se)* withdraw

*retratar* portray

*retrato* _m._ portrait

*reunir(se)* unite, join; gather

*revelar* reveal

*revés* _m._ reverse; *al ----* on the contrary

*Revillagigedo (Revilla Gigedo), Juan Vicente de*, ablest of the viceroys of New Spain, ruling over Mexico as the 52d viceroy from 1789 to 1794

*revolución* _f._ revolution

*rezar* pray; (_referring to speaking or writing_) say

*rico* rich

*ridículo* _m._ reticule, handbag

*rigodón* _m._ rigadoon, a kind of quadrille.

*rigor* _m._ rigor; *ser de ----* be strictly in accordance with the rules (_cf. French *de rigueur*_)

*rincón* _m._ corner

*río* _m._ river

*ripio* _m._ scrap; *no perder ----* miss nothing

*riqueza* _f._ riches, wealth

*risueño* smiling

*Roa Bárcena, José María* (1827-1908), distinguished Mexican poet, journalist, and historian

*rodeo* _m._ turn, winding; *andar con ----s* beat about the bush

*rodilla* _f._ knee; *de ----s* on one's knees

*rogar* pray

*romántico* romantic

*romper* break

*Ronda* Ronda (city in southern Spain)

*rondón* _m._ (_French *rondón*_ swoop; impetuosity; _*en rondón*_ impetuously) *de ----* suddenly, abruptly; *entrar de ----* enter suddenly an unceremoniously; enter without knocking

*ropa* _f._ clothing

*rosa* _f._ rose

*ruido* _m._ noise

*ruin* low, base

*sábana* _f._ sheet

*saber* know; hear (_in the sense of_ find out, discover)

*sacar* take out

*sacerdotal* sacerdotal

*sacrificar* sacrifice

*sala* _f._ sitting-room; parlor

*salario* _m._ wages

*salchicha* _f._ sausage

*salida* _f._ exit

*salir(se)* go out; come out; leave; _fig._ turn out; *---- con la suya* gain one's point

*saludable* healthful

*saludar* bow or speak in greeting

*salvar* save

*San* (_contraction of_ *Santo* _used before masculine given names_) saint; holy

*sangrar* bleed

*sangre* _f._ blood; *estar de ---- fría* be cool

*santiamén* _m._ (_from the Latin words *Spiritus Sancti, Amen*_) instant; *en un ----* in a jiffy

*santísimo* most holy

*santo* _m_. saint

*sartén* _f._ frying-pan

*satisfacción* _f._ satisfaction

*satisfacer satisfy

*satisfecho* (_pp. of_ *satisfacer*) satisfied

*sazón* _f._ season; *a la ----* at that time, then

*se* _reflexive pron._ himself, herself, itself, themselves, for himself, to himself, _etc._; _often with the force of an indefinite subject_ one; = *le, les*, _in the combinations_ *---- lo, ---- la, ---- los, ---- las,* _where_ *se* _is not reflexive_

*secamente* dryly, bluntly

*secretaría* _f._ secretaryship

*secreto* _m._ secret

*secularización* _f._ secularization

*seda* _f._ silk

*seguida: en ----* at once

*seguir* continue; follow

*según* as; according to

*segundo* second

*seguridad* _f._ security

*seguro* sure; true; *a buen ----* certainly

*seis* six

*selvático* wild

*sellar* seal; stamp; *papel sellado* paper or document stamped with the government seal so as to make it legal

*semana* _f._ week

*semejante* similar; such

*sencillo* simple

*sensación* _f._ sensation

*sentarse* sit down

*sentido* _m._ sense

*sentimental* sentimental

*sentimiento* _m._ regret; sentiment

*sentir* feel; regret; notice; *--se* feel

*seña* _f._ sign, signal; *por más ----s* furthermore; as a stronger proof

*señalar* indicate

*señor* _m._ sir; gentleman; master; _with family name of gentleman_ Mr.

*señora* _f._ lady; madam

*señoría* _f._ lordship; ladyship

*señorita* _f._ young lady; mistress, Miss

*señorón* _m._ great lord, grandee

*separación* _f._ separation

*separar(se)* separate; leave

*sepultar* bury

*sequedad* _f._ dryness, bluntness

*ser* be; *no sea que* for fear (lest)

*sereno* serene

*serio* serious

*servicio* _m._ service

*servidor* _m._ servant

*servir* serve; *----se* be pleased; take the trouble; *----se de* make use of; *de qué ----ía* what would be the use

*sesenta* sixty

*seso* _m._ brain

*si* if; whether; _expletive_ why; *un ---- es no es* somewhat; _with negative sometimes_ at all

*sí* yes; *lo que ----* what certainly

*sí* _reflexive pron. used with prep._ himself; herself; yourself; themselves _etc._

*sibarita* _m. and f._ sybarite, lover of luxury

*siempre* always; at any rate; *---- que* every time that

*siesta* _f._ afternoon nap

*siete* seven

*significado* _m._ meaning

*significante* significant

*signo* _m._ point; *---- de admiración* exclamation point

*silencio* _m._ silence

*silla* _f._ chair

*simpático* likable, congenial, nice

*sin* without

*sinceramente* sincerely

*sincero* sincere

*síndico* _m._ syndic, trustee

*Sinforosa* woman's name

*sino* besides; except; but

*síntoma* _m._ symptom

*siquiera* even; at least; *ni ----* not even

*sitio* _m._ site, place

*situación* _f._ situation

*sobrar* be more than enough; be over and above

*sobre* _m._ envelope; _prep._ on; above; over

*sobrecoger* overcome

*sobresalir* stand out

*sobrina* _f._ niece

*sobrino* _m._ nephew

*sociedad* _f._ society

*solapa* _f._ lapel

*soldado* _m._ soldier

*solemne* solemn; impressive; out and out

*solemnidad* _f._ solemnity; *pobres de ---- y solemnes pobres* utterly and hopelessly poor

*soler* be in the habit of; be accustomed to

*solicitar* solicit; beg

*solo* _adj._ only, single, alone; *a solas* alone

*sólo* _adv._ only

*soltar* loose; let go

*soltero* single, unmarried

*sombra* _f._ shade

*sombrero* _m._ hat

*sonreír(se)* smile

*soñar* dream

*soplar* blow; blow out

*sórdido* sordid

*sorprender* surprise; *----se* be surprised

*sorpresa* _f._ surprise

*sortija* _f._ ring

*sospechar* suspect

*sostener* sustain, support

*Sr.* Señor

*su* his; her; its; your; their

*suave* smooth

*subir* come up; go up; climb; bring up; *---- de punto* grow, increase

*subsistencia* _f._ subsistence

*subterráneo* subterranean

*suceder* happen

*sucedido* _m._ happening

*sudor* _m._ perspiration, sweat

*suelo* _m._ ground; floor

*sueño* _m._ dream

*suerte* _f._ fate; luck

*sufragio* _m._ vote; favor

*sufrir* suffer

*sujeto* _m._ person, fellow

*suma* _f._ sum; amount; number; *en ----* finally

*superior* superior

*súplica* _f._ supplication

*suponer* suppose

*suposición* _f._ supposition

*supuesto* (_pp. of_ *suponer*) supposed; *---- que* considering, granted that; *por ----* of course

*suscitar* rouse

*suspirar* sigh

*suspiro* _m._ sigh

*sustentar* sustain

*susto* _m._ fright, scare

*suyo* his; of his; hers; of hers; its; yours; theirs; _etc._

*tal* such; *---- cual es* as he is; as she is; as it is; *el ----, la ----,* the said (_cf._ *la ---- carta* the letter in question); *---- cual vez* once in a while; *con ---- que* provided that; *no ----* no such thing; *qué ----* how goes it; *---- para cual* tit for tat; two of a kind

*talante* _m._ expression; state of mind; *de mal ----* in a bad humor

*talento* _m._ talent

*tamaño* so large; so great; such

*tamarindo* _m._ tamarind (tree or its fruit)

*también* too, also

*Tampico* Tampico (seaport on eastern coast of Mexico)

*tampoco* neither; nor that either; nor they either; _etc._

*tan* (_short form of_ *tanto*) as; just; so, such; *---- amigas* such great friends

*tanto* as much; so much; _pl._ as many; so many; *tanta novela* so many novels; *otro ----* the same thing; *en ---- que* while

*tapa* _f._ lid

*tarabilla (taravilla)* _f._ chatterbox; chatter

*tardar* delay; be long in coming

*tarde* late

*tatarabuelo* _m._ great-great-grandfather

*te* _m._ tea

*teatro* _m._ theater; stage; drama

*telaraña* _f._ cobweb; *tener ----s en los ojos* not see clearly

*telégrafo* _m._ telegraph; *hacer ----s* talk by signs

*temblar* tremble

*temblor* _m._ trembling

*temer* fear

*temeroso* afraid

*temprano* _adj. and adv._ early; soon

*tendencia* _f._ tendency

*tener* have; *---- que* _with inf._ have to; *---- presente* have in mind; remember; *---- vergüenza* be ashamed; *---- a menos* consider beneath one; *---- cuidado* worry; *qué tiene* what is the matter

*tercero* third

*Teresa* Theresa; *Santa ---- de Jesús* (1515-1582) Spanish nun who was one of the greatest of the mystical writers

*terminación* _f._ ending

*terminar(se)* end

*término* _m._ term; *medio ----* compromise

*terrible* terrible

*territorio* _m._ territory

*tertulia* _f._ informal gathering of friends and relations

*tesoro* _m._ treasure

*testigo* _m._ witness

*tía _f._ aunt

*Tiburcio* man's name

*tiempo* _m._ time; *a ----* on time

*tientas: a ----* at random; fumblingly, gropingly

*tierno* tender

*tierra* _f._ earth; land; *---- de por medio* space between

*tieso* stiff, stubborn

*tiesto* _m._ flower pot

*tímido* timid

*tintero* _m._ inkwell

*tío* _m._ uncle

*tirar* throw, throw away; fire; *--se un pistoletazo* shoot one's self

*titubear* hesitate

*título* _m._ title

*tocar* touch

*todavía* still; yet

*todo* all; *con ----* however

*toilette* _French word for_ dress, attire

*toma* _f._ taking

*tomar* take; *toma* _exclam._ come; the idea; there; here is

*tomate* _m._ tomato

*tonto* _m._ fool; _adj._ foolish

*topar* run across; meet by chance

*torbellino* _m._ whirlwind

*torcer* twist

*Toribio* man's name (in this play that of a man-servant)

*tornaboda* _f._ day after a wedding

*tornillo* _m._ screw

*torno: en ---- de* around

*tortilla* _f._ omelet

*tortolillo* _m._ little turtle-dove

*toser* cough

*trabajar* work

*trabajo* _m._ work; hardship

*trabucazo* _m._ shot fired from a *trabuco* or blunderbuss

*traducir* translate

*traer* bring

*tragar* swallow

*tragedia* _f._ tragedy

*trágico* tragic

*traidor* _m._ traitor

*tramo* _m._ flight of stairs

*tranquilidad* _f._ tranquillity

*tranquilizar* calm

*tras* after; behind

*trasero* back (_cf._ *puerta falsa*)

*traslucirse* be inferred

*trasto* _m._ piece of furniture (_depreciative_)

*tratado* _m._ treaty

*tratar, tratar de,* treat, deal with; arrange by agreement; try; *---- con* associate with; *--se* be a question of

*treinta* thirty

*tremedal* _m._ quagmire

*tremendo* tremendous

*tres* three

*tresillo* _m._ card game

*tributar* pay (as homage)

*triste* sad

*tristeza* _f._ sadness; fit of sadness

*tromba* _f._ vortex

*tronar* thunder; *por lo que podía ----* for what might happen

*tronco* _m._ trunk, log

*trono* _m._ throne

*tropezar* stumble; *---- con* stumble upon; meet accidentally

*trueno* _m._ thunder

*trueque* _m._ exchange; *a ---- de* in exchange for

*tú* thou, you

*tunante* _m._ scoundrel

*tuyo* thine, yours

*último* last

*único* only

*uniforme* _m._ uniform

*uno* one; a; an; _pl._ some; a few; a pair of, a couple of

*uña* _f._ finger-nail; toe-nail; *---- y carne* on very friendly terms

*urgir* urge

*usía* _m. and f._ (_contraction of_ *vuestra señoría*) your lordship; your ladyship

*usted* _m. and f._ (_contraction of_ *vuestra merced*) you

*vacío* empty

*Valencey (Valençay)* site of a magnificent château near Châteauroux in southern France (Ferdinand VII, after participating in the disgraceful family bickerings before Napoleon at Bayonne, was virtually a prisoner at Valençay from 1808 to 1815)

*valer* avail; be worth; *---- más* be better; *---- más así* be better so; *válgame Dios* _exclam._ may God help me; you don't say so

*valeroso* brave

*valiente* brave; fine

*valor* _m._ valor

*valle* _m._ valley

*vamos* (_from_ *ir*) _exclam._ come; I say

*vanidad* _f._ vanity

*vano* vain

*vapuleo* _m._ flogging

*vario* various; different; _pl._ several

*vaso* _m._ glass, tumbler

*vaya* (_from_ *ir*) _exclam._ come; my goodness

*vecina* _f._ neighbor

*vecinilla* _f._ (_dim. of_ *vecina*) little neighbor

*vecinita* _f._ (_dim. of_ *vecina*) little neighbor

*vecino* _m._ neighbor; _adj._ neighboring

*vejez* _f._ old age; peevishness or whim of an old person

*vela* _f._ candle

*Velasco* family name

*vencedor* _m._ conqueror

*vencer* conquer

*vender* sell

*veneno* _m._ poison

*venir(se)* come; *--le a uno* suit; *venga mi onza* let me have my ounce

*ventaja* _f._ advantage

*ventajoso* advantageous

*ventana* _f._ window

*ventura* _f._ luck, chance

*ver* see; *tener que ----* have to do (with); *ya se ve* it is plain

*Veracruz* Vera Cruz

*veras* _f. pl._ truth; *de ----* really

*verdad* _f._ truth; *a la ----* to tell you the truth

*verdaderamente* truly

*verdadero* genuine, true

*verde* green; young; _fig._ inexperienced; naughty

*vergüenza* _f._ shame

*verídico* true; true to life

*verificarse* take place

*verosímil* probable

*verosimilitud* _f._ likelihood

*versatilidad* _f._ fickleness

*vestido* _m._ dress

*vestir dress

*vez* _f._ time; *otra ----* again; *de una ----* all at once; *a su ----* in their turn; *en ---- de* instead of; *las más veces* most of the time

*viajar* travel

*vicio* _m._ bad habit

*víctima* _f._ victim

*vida* _f._ life; living; *por ---- mía* upon my word; *por mi ----* (_exclam. of entreaty or supplication_) for pity's sake; as you love me; *en mi ----* never

*vidriero* _m._ glazier

*viejecito* _m._ (_dim. of_ *viejo*) little old man

*viejo* old; _m._ old man; *ir a ----* be getting old; *el Viejo y la Niña* title of a play by Moratín

*viento* _m._ wind; *ir ---- en popa* go smoothly

*viernes* _m._ Friday

*vigilancia* _f._ vigilance

*vil* vile

*vinagre* _m._ vinegar; grouchy person

*vino* _m._ wine

*violentar* do violence to; force

*virgen* _f._ virgin; *Virgen María* Virgin Mary, Mother of Christ

*Virginia* Virginia

*virtud* _f._ virtue

*virus* _m._ virus

*visita* _f._ visit; visitor

*viso* _m._ colored slip worn under a dress of transparent material; *---- caña* green slip (the color of the growing cane)

*víspera* _f._ day before (a fixed date or event)

*vista* _f._ sight; glance

*visto* (_pp. of_ *ver*) seen; *por lo ----* apparently

*viuda* _adj. used as noun_ widow

*viudo* _adj. used as noun_ widower

*vivacidad* _f._ vivacity

*vivir* live

*vizconde* _m._ viscount

*vocación* _f._ vocation

*volcánico* volcanic

*voluntad* _f._ will; good will

*volver(se)* turn; return; *---- a* _with inf._ again

*voto* _m._ vow; prayer; *---- va* _exclam. expressing astonishment or anger_

*vuelta* _f._ turn; return

*vuestro* your

*vulgar* common, ordinary

*Wáshington* Washington

*y* and

*ya* already; now; yet; yes (_sometimes a more decided affirmative than_ *sí*); *---- no* no longer

*yerno* _m._ son-in-law

*yerro* _m._ error

*yo* I

*zafarse* get rid

*Zaragoza* Zaragoza, city in Spain (_English spelling_ Saragossa)

*zarandillo* _m._ (_dim. of_ *zaranda* sieve) one who steps lively here and there; *traerle a uno como un ----* make one come and go frequently; keep one on the jump

*zaraza* _f._ chintz

*zas* _exclam._ (_cf. English_ zip)