Chapter XXIV: Part 24

Pellow describes the condition of the Christian slaves: "The severest labour and hardships inflicted on malefactors in Europe are levity compared with what many worthy persons undergo in this modern Egypt. At daybreak the guardians of the several dungeons, where the Christian slaves are shut up at night, rouse them with curses and blows to their work, which consists in providing materials for the Emperor's extravagant buildings, stamping earth mixed with lime and water, in a wooden box near three yards long and three feet deep, and of the extended breadth of the wall. Their instrument for this is a heavy wooden stamper. Others prepare and mix the earth, or dig in quarries for lime stones; others burn them. Some are employed to carry large baskets of earth; some drive wagons drawn by six bulls and two horses, and, after the toil of the day, these miserable carters watch their cattle in the field at night, and in all weathers, as their life must answer for any accident. The task of many is to saw, cut, cement and erect marble pillars, and of such as are found qualified, to make gunpowder and small arms; yet does not their skill procure them any better treatment than those who, having only the use of their limbs without any ingenuity, are set to the coarsest works, as tending horses, sweeping stables, carrying burdens, grinding with hand-mills. They have all their respective taskmasters, who punish the least stop or inadvertency, and often will not allow the poor creatures time to eat their bread. After such a wearisome day, it frequently happens they are hurried away to some filthy work in the night time. Their lodgings in the night are subterranean dungeons, round, and about five fathoms diameter and three deep, going down by a ladder of ropes, which is afterwards drawn up, and an iron grate fastened in the mouth; and here they lay upon mats. Neither has their fare anything more comfortable in it, consisting only of a small platter of black barley meal, with a pittance of oil per day. This scantiness has put several upon hazarding a leap from very high walls only to get a few wild onions that grow in the Moors' burying place."

Pellow developed considerable military ability and was employed in military operations against rebels; he was made a captain, and was present at several sieges, and witnessed the barbarity wherewith were treated the men of a captured town. On one occasion the troops were required to cut off the heads of all the male inhabitants and bring them to the Sultan; but as the number was so great and the stench threatened to breed a pestilence in the army, the general was compelled to slice off the ears and pickle them in barrels and convey these only to the Sultan at his capital, who graciously under the circumstances accepted the ears in lieu of the heads.

Pellow was several times wounded, and he made occasional abortive attempts to escape. When wounded, returning from one of his expeditions, he received news that his wife and daughter were dead, and he calmly observes: "I must own that it gave me very little uneasiness, as I thought them to be by far better off than they could have been in this troublesome world, especially this part of it; and I was really very glad that they were delivered out of it, and therefore it gave me very little uneasiness."

It is startling to think that in the reign of George I there should be such numbers of English as well as French, Spanish and Italian captives in Morocco and Algiers and Tunis, and that their redemption should have to be the work of private charity, and not be a determined undertaking of Government.

In 1791 England framed a treaty with Morocco giving our merchants freedom to sail the seas unmolested, and permitting renegades to return to their old faith and obtain their liberty on certain conditions. But captives continued to be taken by the corsairs as of old: "Shall a Moslem," asked one of the sultans, "be a slave to his word, like a dog of a Christian?" In 1800 Muley Suliman agreed with Spain for a reciprocal interchange of captives, and similar contracts were entered into with other powers. In 1817, acting under _force majeure_, Suliman was compelled to disarm his war vessels, and promise to put an end to this atrocious system, that had lasted too long. But although piracy was no longer officially recognized, it did not wholly cease. Whether the Sultan connived at the infraction of treaty, or whether the inhabitants of the Riff shore acted independently of him, merchant vessels continued to be boarded and taken and the crew enslaved.

In 1828 the English established a blockade of the Morocco coast in retaliation for the continuance of these outrages, and in 1829 the capture of an Austrian vessel by pirates led to the bombardment of the ports of Tetuan, Azila, Rabat, and Sallee. At length the insolence of the Moorish corsairs led to the Spanish war of 1859-60, which taught the Moors a salutary lesson.

In 1856 Sir John Drummond-Hay succeeded in recovering some captives, and in exacting an assurance that similar conduct should not recur. But although attacks by piratical ships on the high seas were brought to an end, wrecking was pursued with zest and impunity. Any vessel that was cast upon the coast was regarded as a legitimate prize, and its crew who came ashore were carried into the interior and enslaved. In this way Riley, Adams, and Puddock were able to write their experiences, on their escape from captivity.

Sir Arthur Brook in 1831 wrote that "the country Moors on all parts of the coast are constantly on the look out for Christians, and instantly make prisoners of all who have either landed accidentally or have been shipwrecked. Parties that are occasionally formed, as ours was, to visit Cape Spartel are even subject to this, and in one recent instance the lady of the English Vice-Consul, who had strolled to a short distance out of sight of the guard that attended her, was on the point of being made a prisoner by a body of natives who surrounded her and her party, thinking they were alone, until undeceived by the timely appearance of the escort."

A visitor to the Riviera will see the little towns and villages walled up, and with strong gateways and towers. They were protections against Algerine and Moroccan corsairs, who would land and raid the coast for captives; and there are old men still living who had heard from their fathers piteous stories of their being taken and carried off into bondage and cruel slavery in Africa.

There are still, and there have been in the past, numerous Europeans who have been renegades, and have lent their wits and experience to the Moors, but they are nearly all scoundrels of the worst description, _forçats_ who have escaped from the prisons in Spain or Algiers, and other vagabonds unable to show their faces in Europe. Dr. Brown writes: "I know of no British renegade--the last and the most respectable of the order, a Scotchman, who lived at Rabat, much esteemed for his intelligence and honourable conduct, having died two years ago. Were the history of these turncoats fully known, the story of their lives would be a curious chapter in the annals of human nature. One of the most romantic of these tales was that of an old white-bearded man who, when the French military commission first entered Fez in 1877, was seen silently and sad-eyed, supported by two attendants, contemplating a uniform with which in days gone by he was very familiar. This aged renegade was known as Abd-er-Rhuman; but his christened name was Count Joseph de Saulty, formerly a lieutenant of engineers in the army of Algeria. In a weak moment he eloped with the commandant's wife, and remained in Tunis until she died. Then, becoming painfully anxious of the grave position in which he was placed as a deserter from the colours, he passed into Morocco, changed his faith, and as a military adviser of the then Sultan rose high in the imperial favour. He died in 1881, and is buried at the gates of Fez, though so thoroughly did he put the past behind him, that his son, now occupying a high position in the Court, is entirely ignorant of any language except Arabic. Another renegade of note was the English officer still remembered as Inglis Bashaw under whom Muley-el-Hassan, the present Sultan, learned the art of war, and who was the first individual to impart anything like discipline to the Moroccan army. Why he came to Morocco is not known, and so jealously was his identity kept dark, that in a recent work by the Viscount de la Montonère his real name is declared to be unknown. At this date there can be no reason for concealing that it was Graham; and I have been told by those who have every reason to know that, like so many others who incur the jealousy of the Moorish dignitaries, he died of poison."

The time of Morocco piracy is at an end, but that on land there are still captures has been of late years but too evident--the last being the capture of Sir Hugh Maclean.

But to return to Thomas Pellow.

After several ineffectual attempts at escape, and after incurring hairbreadth escapes, Pellow succeeded eventually in making his way to Gibraltar. But even there he was not safe. A Jew, agent for the Sultan of Morocco, claimed him, and demanded that he should be surrendered, as a Mussulman and as a subject of the Moorish Sultan. But General Field-Marshal Joseph Sabine, then Governor of Gibraltar, answered peremptorily that, as an English-born subject, he was an Englishman, and could not be surrendered. He went on board a vessel for England and reached Deptford, "and going on shore, directly to the church, returned public thanks to God for my safe arrival in Old England."

He remained in Deptford, very kindly received by a brother Cornishman, William Jones, and there, finding no vessel bound for Falmouth, he went to London and thence embarked on board a vessel commanded by Captain Francis, who readily offered him a passage to Truro.

He landed at Falmouth. The news of his coming had spread. "My father's house was almost quite at the other end of the town. I was, before I could reach it, more than an hour; for notwithstanding it was almost dark, I was so crowded by the inhabitants that I could not pass through them without a great deal of difficulty--every one bidding me welcome home, being all very inquisitive with me if I knew them, which, indeed I did not, for I was so very young at my departure, and my captivity and the long interval of time had made so very great an alteration on both sides, that I did not know my own father and mother, nor they me; and had we happened to meet at any other place without being preadvised, whereby there might be an expectation or natural instinct interposing, we should no doubt have passed each other, unless my great beard might have influenced them to inquire further after me."

He returned to Penryn on the 15th October, 1738, his birthday.

His narrative concludes with a touching account of his gratitude to God for having brought him back, and an expression of his earnest desire to serve God truly all the rest of his days upon earth.

THE ORIGIN OF THE ROBARTES
FAMILY

Colonel Symonds, who accompanied Charles I when he was in the West, says in his diary: "A gentleman of the county told me the original of the Lord Roberts his family. His great-grandfather was servant to a gentleman of this county--his hynd. Afterwards lived in Truro, and traded in wood and fferzen--got an estate of 5 to £600. His son was so bred, and lived there too, putt out his money, and his debtors paid it him in tynn. He engrossing the sale of tyn, grew to be worth many thousands--£30,000. His son was squeezed by the Court in King James his time of £20,000, so was made a Baron, and built the house of Lanhydrock, now the seat of Lord Roberts" (pp. 45, 46). The hind, who founded the family, and sold wood and furze for the tin smelting, was Richard Roberts of Truro, who married Joan Geffrey of S. Breage, and died in 1593. His son, who continued the wood store and got paid in tin, was John Roberts, who married Philippa, daughter of John Gaverigan, of a very ancient family. He died in 1615.

Before the introduction of coal in tin smelting, the fuel employed was peat, furze, i.e. gorse that produced a quick, fierce blaze, and wood. Rapidly the trees in Cornwall were disappearing, as the produce of tin ore became greater, and the lack of the necessary fuel was becoming a serious impediment.

Carew, speaking of the woods in Cornwall, when he compiled his Survey, says that in the west of the county they were scarce, and the few that were preserved were principally employed in making charcoal for the blowing-houses. "This lacke," he adds, "they supply either with steam-coal from Wales, or dried turfes, some of which are also converted into coal to serve the tinners' turne."

From the charters of King John and Edward I we learn that power was granted to the tinners to take turf and wood where they could for the purpose of smelting the ore; but as the woods disappeared, and the turf was being used up in the neighbourhood of the works, they could not travel to great distances to procure the needful fuel. Richard Roberts saw his opportunity and seized it. He made contracts with the owners of coppices and furzy downs and peat bottoms, and gathered his supplies in one great store at Truro. He did more--he obtained coals from Wales, and sold to the mining adventurers at a handsome profit to himself, thus saving them the waste of time in wandering about obtaining fuel where they could. Thus he laid the foundations of a business that was largely increased by his son John. But this latter embarked on another branch of money-making. He lent cash to the adventurers in the mines. "As poor as a tinner" was a proverbial expression in Cornwall, and "a tinner is never broke till his back is broke." But if the working miner remained poor, the moneylender waxed wealthy on the miners' work.

Carew observes that the parishes in which the tin was worked were in a "meaner plight of wealth" than those which were agricultural. Vast amounts of tin were raised, but little of the profit stuck to the hands of the toilers in the mines.

Tinning was not carried on by large companies, but by small men; three or four would combine to take a set. They cut four turves at the bounds, paying a certain sum down to the Duchy or to the private owner of the land, as rent; and also owing a toll of the tin raised to the proprietor of the land. These small men were without capital, and they were constrained to borrow of Roberts, and he let them have the requisite money at a rate of interest we should consider extortionate. Queen Elizabeth was unable to borrow money of the estates of Holland under 25 per cent, and we may judge what would be the rate of interest demanded by the usurer of the working miner.

But that was not all. The miner did not pay the interest in cash, but in tin, and tin at the value pretty arbitrarily laid down by the moneylender, so that he had the adventurer in two ways. Nor was this indeed all. He often advanced to the miner not cash alone, but the tools for his trade, the timber for shoring up the shafts, and the machinery, such as it was, for pumping the water out of the mines.

There was an additional means of getting money, and also of acquiring lands. Carew gives us a curious account of the manner in which the London merchants of his time took advantage of any want of money Cornish gentry in London might experience in order to defray their expenses there, by binding them to furnish tin for money advanced, at great ultimate loss to the Cornish men. They also had their agents in Cornwall, who advanced money to the needy tinners, partly in wares and partly in money, upon agreement that they should furnish certain quantities of tin at the next coinage, by which the tinners experienced great loss.

With regard to the loans to the adventurers, Roberts possessed the inestimable advantage of being on the spot, and so prepared to supply them with the fuel and the capital they needed. But there were Cornish gentry who wanted to go to London, and desired loans to cover their expenses in town. They went to Roberts: he furnished the supplies. As may be well expected, these gentry did not make money in London, they became greatly impoverished there, and Roberts, we may infer, was able to take their estates, or large slices out of them, on the security of which he had made the advances.

How hard the work of the poor tinners was, on whom the usurers preyed, we learn from Carew. "In most places," he says, "their toyle is so extream, as they cannot endure it above four hours a day, but are succeeded by spels; the residue of the time they weare out at coytes, kayles, or like idle exercises."

Richard Roberts, the son of John, amassed great wealth, and was knighted 11 November, 1616. At this time he was threatened with prosecution by the Privy Seal for usury, and he only escaped trial by paying a bribe of £12,000. He bought a baronetcy of James I in 1621, and was created Baron Truro in 1625. One of the charges brought against Buckingham, when impeached in the House of Commons, was that he had received a bribe of £10,000 from Richard Roberts for negotiating for him his elevation to the Barony of Truro. This is confirmed by the deposition of Roberts himself (_Calendar State Papers_, 1677-8, p. 220; cf. 1625-6, p. 298).

Richard Roberts married Frances, daughter of John Hender of Botreux Castle or Boscastle, a co-heiress, and died in 1634. He was evidently a very shrewd and grasping man, and particularly desirous of pushing ahead and obtaining a position to which his only claim was wealth. By the marriages of father and son, the very plebeian family of Roberts brought strains of gentle blood into the veins of their descendants. He it was who built the stately mansion of Lanhydrock. He died 19th April, 1634, but was not buried at Lanhydrock till July 4th in the same year.

His son and heir John Roberts, second Baron Truro, was sent to be educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He entered as Gentleman Commoner in 1625, when aged seventeen, the year of his mother's death. At college, according to Wood, he "sucked in evil principles both as to Church and State."

By his marriage with the Lady Lucy, daughter of Robert Rich, Earl of Warwick, he became allied to the leaders of the opposition among the peers, and during the Long Parliament his vote was almost always given with the popular party among the Lords. He was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Cornwall in 1642, and became colonel of a regiment of foot in the army of Lord Essex. He fought at Edgehill, and commanded a brigade in the battle of Newbury. In 1644 he held the position of Field Marshal in the army of Essex, and he was with him in the west when he advanced further into Cornwall, getting into a position which eventually led to a humiliating defeat, among a population fanatically affected to the Royal side.

The King with Prince Maurice was in full pursuit, driving him into a corner, the narrow extremity of Cornwall. The King was now joined by Sir Richard Grenville with Cornish levies, cutting off some of the Parliamentarian foraging parties. But the sea as yet was open, and the Earl of Warwick, who attended the motions of the army, was off the coast. "It was therefore now resolved to make Essex's quarters yet straiter, and to cut off even his provisions by sea, or a good part thereof." Fowey was in the possession of Essex, "and it was exceedingly wondered at by all men, that he being so long possessed of Foy, did not put strong guards into the place, by which he might have prevented his army's being brought into these extreme necessities." Sir Richard Grenville possessed himself of Lanbetherick, a strong house belonging to Lord Roberts, and lying between the Parliamentarian army and the little harbour, and Sir Jacob Astley made himself master of View Hall, which was opposite to Fowey, and then cut off supplies from reaching the camp of Essex.

For eight or ten days the armies lay inactive, and then Charles drew closer the toils in which the hostile army was held. He drove them from a rising ground called Beacon Hill, and immediately raised a square work on it, and placed there a battery that threw a plunging fire into their quarters. Then Goring was sent with the greatest part of the royal horse, and fifteen hundred foot, to S. Blazey, to drive the enemy yet closer together, and to cut off the provisions they received from that direction. The dashing, daring Goring executed his commission with complete success, and the Parliamentarians were reduced to that small strip of land that lay between the river Fowey and that of S. Blazey, which was not above two miles in breadth and little more in width, and which had already been eaten bare by the cavalry. The destruction of the whole army now appeared inevitable; but through the carelessness of Goring, one dark night all the horse of the enemy were allowed to slip unperceived through the lines, on the night of the 30th and 31st August, 1644, and the Earl of Essex with Lord Roberts and many of his officers fought his way to the shore near the mouth of the Fowey, and there they embarked on board a ship which Warwick had sent round, and sailed away to Plymouth on September 1st, leaving the foot, cannon, and ammunition to the care of the gallant Skippon, who had nothing left for it but to make the best capitulation he could. Essex left Roberts in command at Plymouth, which he successfully defended against the attacks made during the ensuing months, and his popularity is attested by the petitions made by the Plymothians that he might be left in command of the town.

Lord Roberts must have suffered considerably in the Civil War, for his estates were alienated from him and granted by the King to Sir Richard Grenville, whilst his home of Lanhydrock was occupied by the Royalists, and his children were detained from him. He was a staunch Presbyterian, hating Prelacy, believing in exclusive salvation, the perquisite of those who believed in Calvin, and he had no love for the Independents.

Since 1643 an assembly for the regulation of religion had been sitting at Westminster. It had substituted Presbyterianism for the Episcopacy, as the established religion of England, and had abolished the Prayer Book and issued in its stead a book called the Directory. These changes had been confirmed by Parliament. But this settlement of the religious question was quite contrary to the views of the Army, which was mainly--at all events that portion commanded by Cromwell in the North--composed of Independents.

Sir Harry Vane, Oliver Cromwell, Nathaniel Fiennes, and Oliver St. John, the solicitor-general, were regarded as their leaders. Dissentions broke out in the House of Commons; Cromwell and Lord Manchester cast imputations on each other. Cromwell desired to remodel the Army, of which the House of Commons had already become suspicious, and how to effect this project was the difficulty, and his object could only be attained by a circuitous course. At his instance a committee was chosen to frame what was called the "Self-denying Ordinance," by which the members of both Houses were excluded from all civil and military employments, except a few offices which were specified. After a great debate, the Ordinance passed both Houses (April 3rd, 1645), and Essex, Warwick, Manchester, Denbigh, Roberts, and many others resigned their commands, and received the thanks of Parliament for their past services.

Lord Roberts's zeal for the cause rapidly cooled. He and Essex both protested against the passing of the Ordinance on March 13th, 1646, that made the new Presbyterian Established "Church" subordinate to Parliament.

On January 3rd, 1648, it was passed in both Houses that thenceforth no addresses should any more be sent to the King; he was virtually dethroned, and the whole constitution was formally overthrown; and by orders from the Army the King was shut up in close confinement, his servants removed, and his correspondence with his friends prevented. When the Army threatened to intervene, Roberts deemed it his most prudent course to absent himself from the House of Lords, and suffer the act to pass.

He took no part in the trial of the King, and after the execution of Charles withdrew from further share in public affairs. He was, however, not hostile to the Protectorate, and at the Installation of the Protector he suffered his son to be in his train.

At the Restoration he was received into favour, and became a Privy Councillor, and was appointed Lord Deputy of Ireland, and Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal in May, 1661. In July, 1679, he was created Viscount Bodmin and Earl of Radnor.

With the latter part of his life we have no concern, as this article has to do only with the rise of the family of Roberts to an Earldom from a store of wood and furze, and the sordid desk of an usurer. Pepys, in his _Diary_, describes him as "a very sober man," and Clarendon as "a sullen, morose man, intolerably proud," and as having a "dark countenance," and Burnet as a "sullen and morose man." He died July 17th, 1685. His son Robert seems to have deemed it expedient to differentiate his family name from the thousands of Roberts's in humble life, by the alteration of the spelling of the name, by the transfer of the _e_ and the addition of an _a_, and the vulgar Roberts bloomed into Robartes.

The motto assumed by the first Lord Roberts, "quæ supra" expressed the sincere aspiration of the man, who was certainly sincere in seeking "those things which are above," as the guiding principle of his life.

The Robartes or Roberts family became extinct in the male line in 1757; but Mary Vere Robartes, daughter of the Hon. Russell Robartes, married Thomas Hunt, of Mollington, and left issue Thomas Hunt, who had an only child, Anna Maria, who married Charles Reginald Agar, third son of James, Viscount Clifden, and carried the wealth of the Robartes family into that of Agar; and in 1822 Thomas James Agar, her son, assumed the name and arms of Robartes, and was created Baron Robartes of Lanhydrock and Truro in 1869. The descent is, however, so remote and through females, that the present family can hardly be considered to represent the original Robertes or Roberts stock.

THEODORE PALEOLOGUS

In the church of Landulph is a small brass attached to the wall that bears the following inscription: "Here lyeth the body of Theodore Paleologus, of Pesaro in Italye, descended from y^e Imperyal lyne of y^e last Christian emperors of Greece, being the sonne of Camillio, y^e sonne of Prosper, the sonne of Theodoro, the sonne of John, y^e sonne of Thomas, second brother of Constantius Paleologus, the 8^{th} of that name, and last of y^e lyne y^t rayned in Constantinople until subdued by the Turks, who married w^t Mary, y^e daughter of William Balls, of Hadlye in Souffolke, Gent., and had issue 5 children, Theodore, John, Ferdinando, Maria, and Dorothy; and departed this life at Clyfton, y^e 21^{st} of Jan^y 1636." Above the inscription are the imperial arms of the empire of Byzantium--an eagle displayed with two heads, the two legs resting upon two gates; the imperial crown over the whole, and between the gates a crescent, for difference as second son.

There were eight Emperors of the East of the family of the Paleologi. The family descended from a General Andronicus Paleologus, who died in 1246. The Emperor Manuel, who deceased in 1425, had five sons: John II, Emperor, who died in 1449; Theodore, despot in Lacedemon; Andronicus, despot in Thessalonica; Constantine, despot of the Morea. John II was associated with his father, and succeeded him. Andronicus, the second son, died of leprosy in 1429. Theodore, Constantine, Demetrius, and Thomas wasted their resources in mutual contests, but Theodore was constrained to adopt the monastic profession. On the death of John II the royal family was reduced to three princes--Constantine, Demetrius, and Thomas. Demetrius at once claimed the vacant throne, but failed in his attempt, and Constantine succeeded, the last and greatest of the Paleologi. "Demetrius and Thomas now divided the Morea between them; but though they had taken a solemn oath never to violate the agreement, differences soon arose, and Thomas took up arms to drive Demetrius out of his possessions; Demetrius hereupon retired to Asan, his wife's brother, by whose means he obtained succours from Amurath, and compelled Thomas to submit the matters in dispute to the Emperor's (Constantine's) arbitration. But that prince refusing to deliver to his brother the territories that fell to his share, Mohammed ordered Thuraken, his governor in the Morea, to assist Demetrius."

Shortly after this, on the fatal May 29th, 1453, Constantinople was taken by the Turks, and the gallant Constantine was killed.

Immediately after the capture Mohammed proceeded to make war on Demetrius and Thomas, whereupon the Albanians, subjects of Thomas, revolted. Fresh disputes broke out between the brothers, each endeavouring to supplant the other, and in 1459 Mohammed entered the Morea and reduced Corinth. At the first news of his approach Thomas fled to Italy with his wife and children, and Demetrius submitted to the Sultan, who carried him away to Constantinople, where he died in abject slavery in 1470. Thomas was received in Italy by Pope Pius II in 1461, who allowed him a pension of six thousand ducats.

MEMORIAL BRASS IN THE CHURCH OF LANDULPH

_Reproduced by permission of E. H. W. Dunkin, Esq., F.S.A., from his book on Cornish Brasses_]

Historians record only two sons, Andrew and Manuel, but according to the inscription in Landulph church there was a third, John, whom Italian writers have not mentioned.

Andrew, the eldest, married a woman from the streets of Rome, and dying childless, in 1502, bequeathed his empty honours to Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain, having previously sold them to Charles VIII of France. Manuel Paleologus, the second son, revisited his native country. He was granted a train of Christians and Moslems to attend him to his grave. Gibbon says: "If there be some animals of so generous a nature that they refuse to propagate in a domestic state, the last of the imperial race must be ascribed to an inferior kind; he accepted from the Sultan's liberality two beautiful females; and his surviving son was lost in the habit and religion of a Turkish slave." Thomas, who had been despot of Morea, died in 1465. By his wife, Catherine Zaccaria, he had one daughter, in addition to the sons mentioned, and this was Helen, who married Lazarus II, King of Servia, and died in 1474.

Why Theodore Paleologus came to England we do not know, but possibly in the train of Sir Henry Killigrew and Sir Nicholas Lower. Sir Nicholas had married Sir Henry's daughter, and as they were both advanced in life and childless they may have been disposed to befriend the Paleologi, and Lady Killigrew was one of the learned daughters of Sir Anthony Coke, celebrated for her knowledge of Greek, and she may have inspired her daughter, Lady Lower, with the same fondness for the classic languages. This is but conjecture; but this at least is certain, that the Paleologi were given Clifton, in Landulph, as their residence, and this was a mansion that belonged to the Lowers.

Theodore Paleologus married Mary Balls in 1615, and by her had three sons, Theodore, John, and Ferdinando, and two daughters.

Theodore was a lieutenant in the Parliamentary army in 1642, under Lord St. John, and was buried in Westminster Abbey in 1644.

There are no traces to be found of John and Ferdinando. Mary, one of the daughters of Theodore and Mary Balls, died unmarried, and was buried at Landulph in 1674. Her sister Dorothy married, in 1656, William Arundell, and died in 1681, he in 1684.

There was a Theodore Paleologus who died at sea on board the _Charles II_ under Captain Gibson, in 1693. In his will Theodore mentions only his wife Martha, and we do not know who was his father.

We do not know who was the William Arundell whom Dorothy Paleologus married. Unhappily the registers of S. Dominic, where she and her husband lived, have been lost, and we cannot say whether the Mary Arundell who married a Francis Lee soon after the death of her presumed parents was a daughter. But if so, as Dr. Jago suggests in a paper in the _Archæologia_, "The imperial blood perhaps still flows in the bargemen of Cargreen."

INDEX

Abbot, Archbishop, 334

Abder-Rhuman, 715

Abercrombie, Dr., 427, 428

Aberdeen, University of, 34

Abingdon, 127

Abyssinia, Prince of, 599

_Account of the Desperate Affray in Blean Wood_, etc., 612

_Account of the English Colony of New South Wales_, 568

_Account of R. Jeffery_, 257

Acharnania, 508

Acombe, 12

Acton, 403, 477, 673

Actor, Mr., 275

_Adams_, 252

Adams, John Couch, 189
-- birth and upbringing, 84
-- character of, 88, 89, 90
-- discoverer of Neptune, 86, 88
-- early observation, 84

Adams, Mr., 322, 714

Adams, Mr. John, 463

Adams, Thomas, 83

Adams, William Grylls, 89, 90

Addison, Joseph, 644

_Admiral Hood_, 602

Admiralty order replacement of logan stone, 20, 23

Adoption of poor children, 533

Adour, 504

Advent, 425

Adventure Series, 708

_Adventures of a Younger Son_, 445, 452, 454

_Ætna_, 267

Agamemnon's tomb, 448

Agar, Charles R., 726

Agar, Thomas James, 726

_Age of Reason_, 358

Agnes, 649

_Agnus Dei_, 656

_Agreeable Surprise, The_, 469

Ainsworth, Harrison, on "Courtenay," 605

Airy, 86, 88

_Alarm_, 664

Albanian revolt, 728

Albert, Prince, 621

_Albion_, 248, 249

Alderton, 487

Aldrich, Dean, 213

_Alexander_, 559, 561

_Alexander the Great_, 300

Alexandria, 459, 686

Algerine Corsair at Penzance, 130

Algerine pirates, 332

Algiers, 507, 617, 715

Ali Pacha, 508-514
-- at home, 510-513
-- human butcher, 509

All, the five alls, 550

Allen, river, 118

_Alligator_, 196

Alligators attract patients, 632

_All the Year Round_, 93

Almanza, 12

Altarnon, 73, 80, 186, 187, 190

Amaza, 416

Amell, 340

Ames, Dr. William, 34

Ammonites, superstition concerning origin of, 4

Amurath, 728

Anagram of Noye, 339

Andalusian Moors, 711

Anderson, Captain, 62

_Andromache_, 505

"Angel, The," 542

Anglesea, Earl of, 298

Anglo-Mexican Company, 493

Anguella, 251

_Annals of King James_, 615

Anne of Bohemia, 433

Anne, Queen, 219, 299, 307, 310, 318, 372, 639

Annesley, Lady Philippa, 298

_Annual Register_, 58

_Annual Report of the Society of Arts_, 64 note

_Anson_, H.M.S., salvage of, 62
-- wreck of, 60, 71

Anson, Lord, 158

_Antony and Cleopatra_, 205

Antigua, 320

_Antiquities of Cornwall_, 18

Antony ferry, 225

Antwerp, 26

Anyada, 250

_Antelope_, 645

Anthem, Cornish, 577

_Antiquary, The_, 547

Ap Rice, Mr., 288

Arabia, Prince of, 600

Ararat, 406

Arbuthnot, Sir Charles, 529

_Archæologia_, 730

Arcot, 159, 164

Argand lamp, 202

Argos, 448

_Argus_, 689

Argyro-Kastro, 509

_Arithmetic_, Walkinghame's, 3

Arms of Braddon family, 107
-- of Byzantine Empire, 727
-- of Call family, 155, 167
-- of Clobery family, 231
-- of Foote family, 280
-- of Jane family, 206
-- of Lake family, 251
-- of Noye family, 341
-- of Pennington family, 224
-- of Robartes family, 726
-- of Sandys family, 374
-- of Tillie family, 402, 405
-- of Tilly family, 407
-- of Wills family, 12

Armstrong, Major, 609, 610, 613

_Around and about Saltash_, 665

Arslan, 508

Arta, 508

_Arundell_, 646

Arundel family, the, 157

Arundel, Earl of, 435

Arundell, Henry, Lord, 173

Arundell, Humphrey, 588, 589, 591

Arundell, Mary, 730

Arundell, Roger, 592

Arundell, Sir John, 136, 661

Arundell, Sir Thomas, 137

Arundell, William, 730

Arundel Street, 301

Arwenack, 133, 134, 135, 137, 140

Asan, 728

Ashburton, 200

Ashfield, Dame, 468-9

_Assassinations and Civil Wars_, 426

_Assistance_, H.M.S., 488

_Association_, wreck of the, 640, 643, 647, 651

Astley, 203

Astley, Sir Jacob, 126, 723

Aston Clinton, 251

Astronomy, 86

Astronomy, ignorance of, 593

_As You Like It_, 467

_Athenæum_, 88, 452
-- founded by Buckingham, 464

Athens, 446, 452

Atkins, Sir Robert, 101

Atlas, 181

Atterbury, 219

"Auction of Pictures, An," 287

Audrey, 516

Augsberg Island, 420

_Aunt Mavor's Storybooks_, 622

_Authentic Account of the late unfortunate Death of Lord Camelford_,
328

_Authentic Memoirs of the Green Room_, 467, 469

_Author, The_, 288

_Autobiography of a Cornish Smuggler_, 473

_Autobiography of John Harris_, 697

Avalon Peninsula, 265

Avery, Captain John, 173

Avery, Dr., 194

Ayres, Mr., 119

Azila, 714

Babbage, 88

Badcock, John, volunteers for Terra del Fuego, 233
-- dies of privations, 235

Bagdad, 462

Bagshot Heath, 672

Bahia, 422

Bailey, Mr., 188

Baker, Mr. Henry, 105, 347, 351

Ball, John, 432

Ball, Lieutenant, 565

Ballads, "Chevy Chase," 703
-- "The fight of the _Monmouth_ and _Foudroyant_," 377
-- "The Highwayman," 630

Ballads, "Rosamond Clifford," 703
-- "Rule Britannia," 377
-- sung by Incledon, 386
-- "The Storm," 380, 386
-- "'Twas Thursday," 377
-- of wrestling, 58

Ballot Society, 627

Balls, Mary, 727, 729
-- William, 727

Baltic, 67

Banks, Sir Joseph, 233, 679

Bannister, 380

Banns of marriage, 578

Bantry Bay, 638

Banza, 419

Baptista, Signor, 552

Barabbas, 40

Barbados, 623

Barcelona, 477, 640

Barff, Mr., 451

_Barfleur_, 261

Bargus, Mr. Samuel, 262, 264

Barlow, Bishop, 32

Barming Heath, 603

Barnardiston, Sir Samuel, 483, 484

Barnstaple, 455, 659, 665

_Baronetage_, 156

_Baron Munchausen's Travels_, 2

Barrey, Lord, 547

Barrie, Captain, 327

Barrington, Admiral, 238

Barrington, Hon. Daines, 238, 241
-- visits Dolly Pentreath, 239, 240

Barrow, Sir John, 415, 423

Barthlever, 528

_Bartholomew Fair_, 271, 552

Bartlett, Rafe, 388, 393, 397
-- confession of, 389, 395

Barwell, Nabob, 525

Barwick, Dr. J., 45

Baseley, Richard, 388, 397
-- confession of, 389, 392, 394

Bashaw, Inglis, 716

Basset, Sir Francis, 519

Bassiere, 314

_Batavia_, 568

Bate, Mrs., 346

Bath, 198, 200, 290, 377, 466
-- Cathedral, Lady Chapel of, 32

Bath, Earl of, 182, 183, 184

Bathurst, Mr. C., 253, 256

Battye, Philadelphia, 165
-- William, 165

Bawden, Giles, 540

Baxter, Richard, 209

Bayonne, 196, 504, 505

Bay of Biscay, 489

Beacon Hill, 723

_Beaver_, 321

Beddoes, Dr. Thomas, 676

Bedford, Earl of, 139

Behethlan, 614; _see_ Bohelland.

Behethlan, Joan, 614
-- John, 614
-- Margery, 614

Beirout, 597, 599

Bell, Lieut. John, 64

Bell-casting, 224-6

Bell-founders, 224, 225, 226

Bell-ringing, competitions, 223
-- mysterious, 284
-- song of, 223

Bells, baptism of, 222
-- inscriptions on, 222
-- removed, 592

_Belle Poule_, 505

Bellingham, Mr., 427, 430

Bellot, Anne, 516, 517
-- Christopher, 516

Bemba Ganga, 417

Ben, John, 649

Benbow, Admiral, 372

Bennett, Lieutenant, 609, 610

Bentinck, Mr. Cavendish, 634

Berat, 509

Beresford, Lord Charles, 669

Bergh, 47

Berkeley, Earl of, 647
-- Hon. Charles, 140
-- Sir G. Cranfield, 648

_Berlin, The_, 70

Bermuda, 35

Berne, 319

Berry, Mr., 418

Berry Pomeroy, 592

Bessie's Cove, 470

Best, Captain Thomas, 479
-- Mr., 324-8, 519

Beveridge, 215

Biagi, D. Guido, 454

Bible explains fossils, 4

_Bibliographia Cornubiensis_, 556 note

_Bibliotheca Cornubiensis_, 245

Bideford, 633

Bignell, George Carter, 141
-- early life of, 144
-- entomologist, 147-153

Bignor, 517

Bingham, Captain, 299

_Biographica Dramatica_, 296

_Biographical Dictionary of English Catholics_, 556 note

_Biographical Dictionary of Poets_, 231

_Biographical Sketches in Cornwall_, 340

Birmingham, 467

_Birthday, The_, 469

Bishop and his Clerks, 640

Bishop of Bath and Wells, 32
-- of Carlisle, 89
-- of Exeter, 140, 219, 425
-- of Lichfield, 32
-- of London, 27, 43, 215
-- of Oxford, 207
-- of Rochester, 213
-- of Salisbury, 211
-- of S. David's, 32
-- of Winchester, 643, 649

Black Friars, The, 544

"Black Lion," 144

Black Sea, 67

Blackwood, John, 648
-- Shovell, 648

Blague, Thomas, 127

Blake, Admiral, 45

Blanchard, Mr., 608

_Blanche_, 248, 250

Blean, The, 607, 612

_Blenheim_, 260

Blewett, George, 343

Bligh boy sees ghost, 74-80

Bligh, Edmund, 81
-- family, the, 74, 79, 81
-- Mr., 74, 81, 701
-- Thomas, 81
-- Walter, 81

Blight, Mr. J. T., 143

Blockly, 81

Bloomsbury, 165

Blossom Underwing, 149

"Blue Boar's Head," 542

Board of Trade, 68

Boase & Courtney, Messrs., 556 note
-- Dr., 680

Boat-races at Saltash, 663

Bochym, 517

Boconnoc, 298, 317, 318, 319, 328

Bodannan, 280

Bodener, William, 242

Bodleian Library, 615

Bodmin, 37, 117, 120, 121, 125, 133, 166, 179, 224, 225, 226, 280,
351, 455, 516, 520, 522, 531, 535, 569, 578, 589, 627, 659, 663,
678

Bodmin Asylum and its inhabitants, 570-572
-- Gaol, 531, 540, 542, 570, 583
-- Hills, 92
-- Moors, 84, 573, 628
-- Viscount, 726

Body, William, 587

Bohelland, 614
-- mysterious tragedy at, 616-619

Bolennowe Hill, 692

Bolventro, 628

Bombay, 445, 460, 462
-- governed by Keigwin, 479-487
-- Castle, 480

Bomeny, 103

Bonaparte, Prince Louis Lucien, 242

Bonaventura, Thomasine, attractive widow, 113
-- benefactress, 114-116
-- goes to London, 110, 113
-- shepherd girl, 109

Bond, Mr., 92

Bond, Thomas, 681

Bondé, 418

Bond Street, 320, 325, 385

Borlase, Dr. Bingham, 239, 676
-- his account of the Logan, 18, 22

Borleau, 104

Boroughs, pocket, 518

Borrowdale, 559

Boscastle, 721

Boscawen, 130
-- family, the, 500, 525, 554

Boscawen, Hugh, 706

Boscawen, Rev. A. C., 684

Bossenden Farm, 603, 607

Bossenden Wood, 608, 613

Bossewell, John, 554

Bossiney, 518

Boston, 53

Bosworgy, 341

Botany Bay, 319
-- settlement at, 559-564

Botathan, 74, 81, 82, 701

Botreux Castle, 721

Botusfleming, 12

Boughton-under-Blean, 603, 606, 609, 612

Boulogne, 332

Bouverie, Hon. Philip, 649

Bouverie, Sir Jacob, 649

Bovey Heathfield, geological features of, 7

Bovey Tracey, 226

Bow, Rev. Dr., 613

Bow Street, 380, 381

Bowden, Elizabeth, 138

Boyer, Nicholas, Mayor of Bodmin, executed, 589, 590

_Boyne_, burnt, 258, 259

Bracegirdle, Mrs., 299, 300
-- and Capt. Hill, 300-4

Braddock Down, 206

Braddon family, arms of, 107

Braddon, Captain William, 96

Braddon, Laurence, 96, 107
-- attacks Bishop Burnet, 106
-- Author of _Enquiry_, 104, 106
-- imprisoned and tried, 99, 100, 102
-- reports murder of Essex, 98-103

Bradshaw, Sir Thomas, 40

Bradstone, 228

Braganza, 479

Brandon, 386

Bray, Charity, 593

Bray, C., 699, note

Bray, Mrs., on Bothathan ghost, 72
-- on Polperro, 247

Breage, 342, 370, 580, 585

Breage Churchtown, 478

Brember, Sir Nicholas, 435

Brendon & Son, 578

Brent Eleigh, 556

Brentford, 318

Brenton, Captain, 259

Brereton, Major, 162

Brest, 60, 259, 477

Brian, Sir Hussey, 603

Bribery at Elections, 518-530

Bridgerule, 108, 226

Bridges, Admiral Sir G., 377

Bridgwater, 36

_Brief Relation of State Affairs_, 403

Brighton, 387

Bristol, 37, 281, 282, 439, 670, 676

Bristol, Earl of, 376

_Britannia_, 405

British Association, the, 8, 87

_British Family Antiquity_, 154, 168

British and Foreign Institute, 465

British Museum, 613, 680

Brixham, 8
-- geological features of, 7

Broad Sound, 644

Brompton Crescent, 382, 383

Bronnaker, Lord, 552

Brook, Sir Arthur, 714

Brooke, Benjamin, 53

Broom Hill, 182

"Brown Bear, The," 381

Brown, Dr. Robert, 708, 715

Brown, John, 391, 392

Brown, Mrs., 580

Brown Willy, 84, 85, 109

Browne, Hamilton, 446

Browne, Mrs., 301, 303

Browne, Sir Richard, 545

Bruce, Eliza, 90

Bruce, Haliday, 90

Brulgruddery, Mrs., 468, 469

Brunel's bridge, Saltash, 663

_Brunswick_, H.M.S., 667

Brunton, 468

Bryant, John Davy, volunteers for Terra del Fuego, 233
-- dies of hardships, 236

Brydges, Captain, 462

Buchanan, Robert, 209

Buckhurst, Lord, 305

Buckingham, Christopher, 455

Buckingham family, the, 455

Buckingham, George, 665 note

Buckingham, James, 465

Buckingham, James Silk, a youthful prisoner, in love, 458
-- character of, 455, 464
-- explores in Egypt, 460
-- founds British and Foreign Institute, 465
-- in conflict with East India Company, 460-5
-- a linguist, 458, 462
-- literary ventures of, 463, 464
-- quells corn riot, 457
-- suffers for his love of freedom, 462, 463
-- suggests Suez Canal, 459
-- to India in disguise, 462

Buckingham, Leicester F. Y., 465

Buckingham, Earl of, 170, 172, 173, 524, 552, 721

Bude, 115, 182, 204, 205

Bude Haven, 570

Bude light, 202

_Budget of Paradoxes_, 90

Buggs, Sir Anthony, 500

Bull, Rev. G. B., 695

Buller, Charles, 189

Buller family, 86

Buller, Mr., 652

Bulwer, Henry Lytton, 448

Bunsby, Richard, 113

Burton, Joe, 627

Burton, John, falls over the stile, 631
-- his Curiosity Shop, 633
-- invests in alligators, 632
-- rudeness of, 634
-- rules for living, 635
-- spends Christmas Eve at Jamaica Inn, 627-31
-- Whiteley in curiosities, 632
-- writes to the King, 634

Burton, John, jun., 636

Burton, Joseph, 627

Burton, William, 419, 420

Burton's Stile, 631

Burdett, Sir Francis, 253

Burge, Arthur, 219

Burke, Sir Bernard, 299

Burley, Sir Simon, 434

Burlorn, 117, 119, 120, 121

Burnard, Mr., 87

Burnard, George, 186

Burnard, Nevil Northey, on tramp, 190
-- success in London, 188
-- works in slate, 186, 187

Burnet, Bishop, 41, 45, 53, 211, 214, 216, 218, 543
-- on death of Essex, 106
-- on the Duke of Hamilton, 310
-- on Lord Mohun, 308
-- on Lord Roberts, 726
-- on nonjurors, 213

Burns, Robert, 695, 699

Burrow, Bessie, 470, 473

Buryan, 329, 341

Bury S. Edmunds, 140

Bussy, 160, 162

Butler, Samuel, 44

Butt's Head Mill, 666

Byng, Sir George, 640

Byron, Captain, 340

Byron, Lord, and Trelawny, 446, 452

Cadiz, 123, 131, 259, 503

Cadogan, Lord, 15

Cadwalader, 288

Caermarthen, Lord, 305

Cailland, General, 164

Cairo, 459

Caius Coll. Cam., 73

Cake House, 314, 316

Calais, 296

Calamy, 41, 214

Calamy on Jane, 220

Calcutta, 161, 463

_Calcutta Mirror_, 463

_Calendar of Victory_, 626

_Calendar State Papers_, 721

California, 233

Call family, the, 154, 156, 167
-- arms of, 155, 167

Call, John, 157

Call, Sarah, 157

Call, Sir John, 154, 157, 166
-- benefacts his sister, 165
-- his campaign in India, 158-165
-- M.P. for Callington, 167

Call, Sir W. G. M., 167

Call, William Berkeley, 167

Call, William Pratt, 167

Callinack, Mrs., _see_ Kelynack

Callington, 155, 167, 171, 518

Callywith, 627

Calvin, 724

Calvinists _v._ Arminians, 357

Camborne, 364, 692, 664, 699

Camborne, Vean Mine, 581

_Cambria_, 492, 494

Cambridge, 27, 73, 85, 87, 89, 90, 228, 231, 516, 556

Cambridge, Duke of, 465

Camden, 405

Camden, Lord, 409

Camelford, 83, 424-426, 518

Camelford, first Baron, 319

Camelford, last Lord, acquitted, quits Navy, 322
-- birth and education of, 319
-- duel with Mr. Best, 324-327
-- embroiled in town, 323, 324
-- his crazy scheme of assassination, 322
-- on the _Guardian_, 319
-- shoots Peterson, 321
-- under arrest, 320, 321

Camisards, 639

Campbell, General, 275

Candish, Lord, 298

Cann, Abraham, wrestles with Polkinghorne, 55

Cann Wood, 148

Cannington, 407

"Canterburiensis," on John N. Tom, 597, 613

Canterbury, 31, 599, 602, 609, 612, 613

Canterbury, Archbishop of, 211, 215, 291, 437

Canterbury Bell, 607

Cape Finisterre, 707

Cape Horn, 234

Cape of Good Hope, 124, 320, 409, 459, 479, 560

Cape Padrone, 411

Cape Spartel, 714

Cape S. Vincent, battle of, 259, 260

Cape Verde Is., 410

Capell, Lord, 100

Capern, Edward, 699

Capgrave, 557

Cap'n Toby, _see_ Tobias Martin

_Capuchin, The_, 295

Caradon, 84

Caran Yellatu, 415

Carbura, 554

Carclew, 86, 187, 344, 345

Cardinham, 280

Carew, 109, 114

Carew, Mr., 243

Carew, Thomas, 546

Carew, 554, 652
-- on tin-mining, 720
-- on trees in Cornwall, 719

Carfax, 207

Cargreen, 730

Carhayes, 395

Carlisle, 89

Carlisle, Sir Anthony, 203

Carlyle, Thomas, 189

Carlyon, C., 122, 229

Carlyon, Dr. Clement, 427

Carmichael, Lord, 648

Carnan Adit, 343

Carnanton, 329, 340, 341

Carnwark, Lord, 15

Carpenter, General, 13

Carpenter, William, 366

Carrick Gladden, 172

Carrick Roads, 456

Carter, Agnes, 471

Carter, Betsy, 478

Carter, Charles, 476, 478

Carter family, the, 471

Carter, Francis, 471

Carter, Frank, 478

Carter, Henry, imprisoned in France, 474, 477
-- the biter bit, 474
-- a pious smuggler, 471, 473, 477

Carter, John, 275
-- a daring smuggler, 471, 472
-- imprisoned at Dinan, 474
-- King of Prussia, 471, 478

_Case of the Unfortunate Bosavern Penlez_, 274

Casland, 133

Castell-an-Dinas, 682, 683

Castile, 434

Castle Horneck, 240

Castle, Mr., 589

Castlemaine, Lady, 550

Catalonia, 267

Catenary Curve, 678

Cathayes, 395

"Cat Harris," 287

Catherine of Braganza, 479

Catt, George, 610

Caulfield, James, 48, 369

Cawsand, 354, 474, 476

Cecil, James, 275

Cecil, Lord, 32

Cecil Street, 276

Cephalonia, 446, 448

Ceriziers, 126, 128

Cevennes, 639

Chacewater, 54

_Challenger_, 505

Challis, Professor, 87, 89

Challoner, Mr., 556, note

Chaloner, 36

Chambers's _Journal_, 257, 680

Chammond family, the, 165

Champernon, Mr., 592

Champion, Sir Richard, 389

Channel Fleet, 60

Chantrey, 187, 188

Chantrey, Lady, vandalism of, 188

Chapman, Edward, falls into a shaft, 701-703

Chapman, John, 701

Charing Cross, 295

Charles I, 26, 31, 35, 41, 51, 127, 128, 154, 182, 206, 208, 329,
334, 338, 407, 544, 675, 718, 722, 725
-- execution of, 42
-- imprisonment of, 39

Charles II, 96, 102, 107, 128, 207, 280, 479, 480, 482, 544, 549
-- lax government of, 549, 551

_Charles II_, 730

Charles V, 30

Charles VIII, 729

Charles, Prince, 41

Charles's Wain, 84

_Charlotte_, 559

Charlotte, Queen, 192

Charter House, 319

Châteaulin, 222

Château-Renaud, 638

Chatham, 377, 609
-- Earl of, 318

Chatterton, Thomas, 228, 231

Chavis, John de, 137, 138

Cheapside, 392

Cheesewring, 91, 93

Chelsea Hospital, 17

Cheltenham, 199, 232

Cherbourg, 408

Cheshire, Widow, 469

Chestnuts, 573

Chetham Society, 279

Chiandower, 342

_Chichester_, 261

Chichester of Hall, 701

Chichester, Elizabeth, 398

Chichester, Sir John, 398, 592

Chilcott, Charles, 185

Child, John, of Surat, 482-486

Child, Mr. Paxton, 646

Child, Sir Joshua, nefarious schemes of, 482-487

_Childe Harold_, 695

_Child's First Prayer, The_, 697

Chiltern Hundreds, 527

Chinglapett, 159

Chiverton, Elizabeth, 402, 403, 404, 407

Chiverton, Sir Richard, 403, 407

Cholwel, 115

Christ Church, Oxford, 207, 210, 213, 220, 544

Christiania, 409

Christmas Eve at Jamaica Inn, 627-631

Christopher, Thomas, 532

Church of England, position of, 30

Cibber, Colley, 299

_Cilenus_, 554

City of London Inn, 322

_Claracilla_, 548

Clackmannan, 204

Clarendon, Earl of, 43, 206
-- on Lord Roberts, 726
-- on Noye, 332

Clark, Samuel, 178

Clarke, Dr., 361

Claxton, 17

Cleave, Thomas, 223, 224

Clement, T., 274

Clemo, Miss, 627

_Cleopatra_, 500, 502

Cleoyan, 591

Clergy, character of, 31, 32, 33

Cleve, 8

Cleveland, Marquess of, 530

Clifden, James, Viscount, 726

Clifton, 126, 676, 727, 729

Clive, Lord, 159, 164, 487

Clobery arms, 231

Clobery, Dr. Glynn, 228

Clobery, John, 228

Clobery, Lucy, 228

Clobery, Mary, 228

Clobery, William, 228

Clowance, 364, 367

Clyst Heath, 588

Coad, Benjamin, 248, 583

Cobb, Captain, 490

Cobbett's _Register_, 257

Cobbett, William, 464, 520, 522
-- in America, 688

Cochrane, Mr., 523

Cochrane, Sir Alexander, 252, 253, 255

Cockburne, Rev. W., 327, 328

Cocks, Lieut.-Col. George, 264

Coffee, introduction of, 482

Coffin, Mr., 588

Coke, Christopher, 706

Coke, Edward, 706

Coke family, the, 704

Coke, Francis, 706
-- John, ill-gotten gains of, 705

Coke, Lance, 706

Coke, Sir Anthony, 729

Coke, solicitor, execution of, 51, 52

Coke, Thomas, 706

Colebrook, 398

Coleridge, Derwent, 59

Coles of Reading, 111

_Collection of State Papers_, 53

College Green, Bristol, 281, 282

Collier, Mr. W. F., 572, 578

Collingwood, Captain, 259, 260, 261, 267

Collingwood, Admiral, 445

Collins, David, 568

Collins, Rev. G., 697

Colman, George, 293, 295

Colman, Mr., 377

Colman, Mr. Edward, 556

Cologne, 127

Colomb, Colonel, 53

_Colonial State Papers_, 35

Colston, Launcelot, 105

Coltman, Mr. Justice, 121

Comber, river, 59

Commercial Inn, 145

_Companion to the Playhouse, The_, 548

_Compleat Lawyer_, 331

Comprehension Bill, 211, 218

Compton, 215

Compton Castle, 227

Compton, Henry, 207, 220

Conception Bay, 265

Conduit Street, 324

Confederate Fleet, 639

_Congo_, 409, 418, 419, 420

Congo, Exploration of, 409-23

Congreve, Sir William, 66

Connecticut, Governor of, 28

Conner, Caroline, 465

Conon, Mr., 282, 343

Constantine, 701-2

Constantinople, 597, 727-8

_Contemporary Review_, 454

Conversion of Thomas Tregoss, 179

Convocation of 1689, 215-18

Convocation of the Province of Canterbury, 214

Conway, Mr., 525

Coode, Anne, 388, 398

Coode, Jane, 370

Coode, John, 370

Coode, Richard, 388, 398

Cook, Captain, 497, 564

Cook family, the, 704

Cook, Mr., 287

Cooke, Colonel, 266

Cooke, Henry, 704

Cooke, J. H., 648 note, 651

Cooke, Sir Thomas, 284

Cooke, W., 283

Cooling, Mr., 550

Coote, Mr., 307

Coote, Sir Eyre, 163

Copper mines, 192

Corfu, 451, 514

Corinth, 728

Corn, famine in, 456

Corneille, 126

_Cornish Character and Characteristics_, 581

_Cornish Ghost Story, A_, 82

Cornish, J. B., 471 note, 473, 478

Cornish language, current, 243
-- decline of, 243-4
-- spoken by Dolly Pentreath, 238-45
-- spoken in Mousehole, 242

_Cornish Magazine_ (1898), 73, 82, 471

_Cornishman_, 68

_Cornish Saints and Sinners_, 245

_Cornwall Gazette_, 122

Coromandel, 160

"Coronation, The," 58

Corpus Christi Pleasure Fair, 144

Corunna, 458, 463

Coryton, Elizabeth, 406

Coryton family, the, 401

Coryton, John, 388
-- claims estates, 396-8

Coryton, John Tillie, 406