Chapter I: Preface

While it is hoped that this book may prove of service to those who wish to study the history and structure of the Coronation Rite, it will be evident that a subject so large can only be treated, in the space at my disposal, in outline. Those who wish for more detailed information must be referred to the texts themselves.

May I also here point out that since the Rite was probably never used twice in identically the same form in any country, and since it was thus in a continually fluid state, the ‘Recensions’ into which the rites of the different countries are here and generally divided, are to a certain extent arbitrary, and must be taken as marking periods at which the rites reached certain stages of developement?

Both Dr Swete and Dr Srawley have by their criticisms added considerably to the accuracy of the book. To Dr Srawley in particular I am much indebted for his patience in the discussion of various doubtful points that arose, and also for the trouble he has taken with the proof during the passage of the book through the Press. I am indebted, too, to the Rev. Chr. Schmidt for going over my translation of the Scandinavian documents. I have to thank M. H. Omont for permission to reproduce the miniature of Nicephorus Botoniates, and Mr H. Yates Thompson for like permission in the case of the picture of St Louis. All the photographs, except of this last named picture, were made by Mr Donald Macbeth. Lastly I must express my sense of obligation to the readers and printers of the University Press for the care with which they have printed the book.

R. M. W.

_August 23, 1915._

CONTENTS

PAGE

BIBLIOGRAPHY xi

CHAP.

I. Early conceptions of Kingship, and religious rites in
connection with a King’s accession 1

II. Ceremonies in connection with the Inauguration of a
Roman Emperor in pre-Christian times. The Origin of
the Christian Coronation Rite in the fifth century.
The Byzantine Rite of the tenth century and its
developements. The Coronation of a Russian Czar.
The Abyssinian Rite 7

III. The Origin of the Rite in the West. A twofold source.
The seventh-century Rite of the Consecration of a
King in Spain, and the Imperial Rite of the Holy
Roman Empire 32

IV. The Western Imperial Rite of the Coronation of an
Emperor at Rome. The accounts of the Coronation of
Charlemagne. The earliest forms and their later
developements 37

V. The Coronation of a King. The Anglo-Saxon Consecration.
The Rite of the so-called Pontifical of Egbert, and
the developement of the English Rite 56

VI. The French Rite and its developements. The Coronation
of Napoleon 91

VII. The Roman Rite of the Coronation of a King and its
developements 109

VIII. The Rite of Milan and its developements 114

IX. The German Rite 120

X. The Hungarian Rite 126

XI. The early accounts of the Rite of the Consecration of
a King in Visigothic Spain. The Rites of Aragon and
Navarre 128

XII. Other countries. Protestant Rites. Scotland. Bohemia.
The Prussian Rite of 1701. Denmark. Sweden. Norway 137

XIII. The Papal Coronation 159

XIV. The Inter-relation of the different Rites 165

XV. The Unction, the Vestments, and the Regalia 177

XVI. The Significance of the Rite 188

GENERAL INDEX 200

INDEX OF FORMS 203

PLATES

I. The Coronation of Henry I of England _Frontispiece_

(Reproduced from B.M. Royal MS. 15. E. iv.
Photograph by Donald Macbeth.)

II. The Emperor Nicephorus Botoniates in his imperial
robes _to face_ p. 25

(MS. Coislin 79 fol. 2, bibl. nationale Paris.
Reproduced from Omont, H., _Fac-similés des
miniatures des plus anciens MSS grecs de la
bibliothèque nationale_. Photograph by Donald
Macbeth.)

III. The Emperor Charles V in his Coronation robes _to face_ p. 55

(Reproduced from F. Bock, _Kleinodien des heiligen
römischen Reiches deutscher Nation_. Photograph
by Donald Macbeth.)

IV. The Anointing of St Louis of France _to face_ p. 99

(Reproduced from H. Yates Thompson, _Book of Hours
of Joan II, Queen of Navarre_.)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. DOCUMENTS

I. EASTERN RITES.

1. Constantinople.

CODINUS CUROPALATES. _De officiis Constantinopolitanis._ (Bonn, 1839.)

CONSTANTINUS PORPHYROGENITUS. _De caerimoniis aulae Byzantinae._ (Bonn, 1829.)

GOAR, J. _Euchologion._ (Paris, 1647.)

THEOPHANES. _Chronographia._ (Bonn, 1839.)

2. Russia.

MALTZEW, A. _Die heilige Krönung._ In _Bitt-Dank- und Weihe-Gottesdienste der orthodox-katholischen Kirche des Morgenlandes_. (Berlin, 1897.)

METALLINOS, E. _Imperial and Royal Coronation._ (London, 1902.)

3. Abyssinia.

LOBO, JERONYMO. _Voyage Historique d’Abissinie, Traduite du Portugais, continuée et augmentée de plusieurs Dissertations, Lettres, et Mémoires. Par M. Le Grand, Prieur de Neuville-les-Dames et de Prevessin._ (Paris, MDCCXXVIII.)

TELLEZ, BALTHASAR. _The Travels of the Jesuits in Ethiopia translated into English._ (London, 1710.)

II. WESTERN RITES.

1. THE IMPERIAL RITE.

DUCHESNE, L. _Liber Pontificalis._ 2 vols. (Paris, 1886-92.)

HITTORP, MELCHIOR. _De divinis Catholicae Ecclesiae officiis._ Paris, 1610.

MABILLON, J. _Museum Italicum_, 2 vols. (Paris, 1687-9.) For _Ordines Romani_, see also Migne, _P.L._ LXXVIII.

MARTÈNE, E. _De antiquis ecclesiae ritibus._ (Antwerp, 1763.)

(The first edition of this work published in 1702 does not contain all the documents which are found in the editions of 1736 onwards.)

PANVINIUS and BEUTHER. _Inauguratio, Coronatio, Electioque aliquot Imperatorum_, etc. (Hanover, 1612.)

PERTZ, G. H. _Monumenta Germaniae Historica._ (Hanover, 1826.)

_Pontificale Romanum._ (Venice, 1520.)

_Pontificale Romanum Clementis VIII et Urbani PP. VIII auctoritate recognitum._ (Louvain, n.d. Other edd., Paris, 1664, Rome, 1738-40.)

WAITZ, G. _Die Formeln der deutschen Königs- und der römischen Kaiser-Krönung._ (Göttingen, 1872.)

2. THE CORONATION OF A KING.

(_a_) England.

GREENWELL, W. _The Pontifical of Egbert Archbishop of York._ (Surtees Soc., vol. XXVII. 1853.)

WICKHAM LEGG, J. _Missale ad usum Ecclesiae Westmonasteriensis_, vols. II. and III. (H.B.S., 1893-6.)

WICKHAM LEGG, J. _Three Coronation Orders._ (H.B.S., 1900.)

WICKHAM LEGG, J. _The Order of the Coronation of King James I._ (Russell Press, London, 1902.)

WICKHAM LEGG, L. G. _English Coronation Records._ (Westminster, 1901.)

WORDSWORTH, CHR. _The Manner of the Coronation of King Charles I of England._ (H.B.S., 1892.)

_The Form and Order of the Service that is to be performed and of the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Their Majesties King Edward VII and Queen Alexander in the Abbey Church of S. Peter, Westminster, on Thursday, the 26th day of June, 1902._ (Cambridge, 1902.)

_The Form and Order of the Service that is to be performed and of the Ceremonies that are to be observed in the Coronation of Their Majesties King George V and Queen Mary in the Abbey Church of S. Peter, Westminster, on Thursday, the 22nd day of June, 1911._ (Oxford, 1911.)

(_b_) France.

MÉNARD, H. _D. Gregorii Papae I. Liber Sacramentorum._ Paris, 1642. (Reprinted in Migne, _P.L._ LXXVIII.)

DEWICK, E. S. _The Coronation Book of Charles V of France._ (H.B.S., 1899.)

_Francorum Regum Capitularia_, in Migne, _P.L._ CXXXVIII.

GODEFROY, T. _Le Cérémonial François._ (Paris, MDCXLIX.)

MARTÈNE, _op. cit._

MASSON, F. _Le sacre et le couronnement de Napoléon._ (Paris, 1908.)

_Procès-Verbal de la Cérémonie du Sacre et du Couronnement de LL. MM. L’Empereur Napoléon et L’Impératrice Joséphine._ (Paris, An XIII. = 1805.)

(_c_) Rome.

HITTORP, _op. cit._

MARTÈNE, _op. cit._

MABILLON, _op. cit._

_Pontificale Romanum._

(_d_) Milan.

MAGISTRETTI, M. _Pontificale in usum eccles. Mediolanensis necnon Ordines Ambrosiani._ (Milan, 1897.)

PERTZ, _op. cit._

(_e_) Germany.

PERTZ, _op. cit._

MARTÈNE, _op. cit._

(_f_) Hungary.

MARTÈNE, _op. cit._

PANVINIUS and BEUTHER, _op. cit._

(_g_) Spain.

DE BLANCAS, J. _Coronaçiones._ (Çaragoça, 1641.)

ÇURITA, GERONYMO. _Los cinco libros primeros de la segunda parte de los anales de la corona de Aragon._ (Çaragoça, MDCX.)

FÉROTIN, M. _Liber ordinum._ (Paris, 1904.)

YANGUAS Y MIRANDA, J. M. _Cronica de los Reyes de Navarra._ (Pamplona, 1843.)

(_h_) Papal.

LECTOR, LUCIUS. _Le Conclave._ (Paris, 1894.)

LECTOR, LUCIUS. _L’Élection papale._ (Paris, 1896.)

MABILLON, _op. cit._

GRISSELL, H. DE LA G. _Sede vacante._ (Oxford, 1903.)

_Sacrarum caerimoniarum sive rituum ecclesiasticorum S. Rom. Ecclesiae Libri tres._ (Venetiis, MDLXXXII.)

(_i_) Other Countries.

_Acta Bohemica._ ([Prague], 1620.)

_Actus Coronationis seren. Dn. Frederici Com. Pal. Rheni ... et Dom. Elisabethae ... in Regem et Reginam Bohemiae._ (Prague, 1619.)

_Allernaadigst approberet Ceremoniel ved Deres’ Majestæter Kong Christian den Ottendes og Dronning Caroline Amalias forestaaende, höie Kronings-og Salvings-Act paa Frederiksborg Slot, Sondagen den 28ᵈᵉ Juni, 1840. Hendes Majestæt Dronninges allerhöieste Födselsdag._ A. Seidelin. (Kjöbenhavn, 1840.)

BUTE, JOHN MARQUESS OF. _Scottish Coronations._ (Alex. Gardner, 1902.)

COOPER, J. _Four Scottish Coronations._ (Aberdeen, 1902.)

_Ceremoniel ved deres Majestæter Kong Haakon den Syvende’s og Dronning Maud’s Kroning i Trondhjem’s Domkirke Aar 1906._ Steen’ske Bogtrykkeri, Kr. A., 1906.

_Kurtze Beschreibung wie Ihr. Königl. Majest. zu Schweden Karolus XI: zu Upsahl ist gekrönet worden. Aus dem Schwedischen verdeutschet._ (1676.)

_Ordning vid Deras Majestäter Konung Carl den Femtondes och Drottning Wilhelmina Frederika Alexandra Anna Lovisas Kröning och Konungens Hyllning vid Riksdagen i Stockholm._ 1860.

WICKHAM LEGG, J. _An Account of the Anointing of the First King of Prussia in 1701_, in _Arch. Journ._ LVI. pp. 123 ff. 1899.

B. SPECIAL TREATISES

I. THE VESTMENTS.

BOCK, F. _Die Kleinodien des heil. römischen Reiches deutscher Nation._ (Leipzig, 1864.)

BRIGHTMAN, F. E. _The Coronation Vestments._ In _The Pilot_, vol. VI. pp. 136, 137.

WICKHAM LEGG, L. G., _op. cit._

II. VARIOUS.

BOUQUET, M. _Recueil des historiens des Gaules._ (Paris, 1738.)

BRIGHTMAN, F. E. _Byzantine Imperial Coronations._ In _Journal of Theological Studies_, II. 369 f. (Cited as _J. Th. St._)

DESDEVISES DU DEZERT, G. _Don Carlos d’Aragon._ (Paris, 1889.)

DIEMAND, A. _Das Ceremoniell der Kaiserkrönungen von Otto I bis Friedrich II._ (München, 1894.)

HEYLIN, P. _Cyprianus Anglicus._ (London, MDCLXVIII.)

LECLERCQ, H. _Dictionnaire d’archéologie et de liturgie chrétienne._ (Paris. In progress.) Cited as _DACL_, ‘Charlemagne.’

LIEBERMANN, F. _Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen._ (Halle, 1903.)

PRYNNE. _Canterburie’s Doome._ (London, 1646.)

WILSON, H. A. _The English Coronation Orders. J. Th. St._ II. 481 ff.