Chapter XVI: Appendix: Works of Cesare Lombroso (briefly Summarised) (2)

Criminaloids, 100-121
percentage of, among criminals, 8
physical characteristics, 102, 251
psychological distinctions between born criminals and, 102 _ff._
cases of, 103, 104
reluctance to commit crimes, 105
easily induced to confess, 105
moral sense and intelligence, 106
natural affections and sentiments, 106
social position and culture, 107 _ff._
clever swindlers, 108
development into habitual criminals, 111-113
and certain crimes, 121
punishment, 186

Cruelty, 39

Cynicism, 31

D

Dalton (_Descriptive Ethnology of Bengal_), 129

Danish prisons, 195

"Darwin's tubercle," 15, 235

Dejerine, 138

Delirium, 98

Dementia, 76, 227, 259, 260
simulations of, 272 _ff._

Despine's method of punishment, 195, 196

Destitute children, care of, 156
institutions for, 156 _ff._

Dewson, Miss Mary, 189

Disease and its relation to crime, 8, 220

Don Bosco, the Black Pope, 157, 173

Drunkenness, temporary, 141. _See also_ Alcoholism

Du Bois-Reymond's apparatus, 25, 246

Dundrum, Ireland, 207

Dynamometer, 252, 253

E

Economic conditions, relation to crime, 150

Education, and moral insanity, 143
and crime, 143, 149
in Elmira Reformatory, 193

"Educational Alliance," for Jewish emigrants, 172

Egypt, theft in, 128

Elmira Reformatory, 192-194

England, crime in, 173
juvenile court in, 176
probation system in, 189, 191
asylums for criminal insane, 207

Environment, 8, 144, 145

Epilepsy, ancient application of the term, 58
characteristic phenomena, 58
mild forms, 59, 60
multiformity, 59, 60, 87
psychological characteristics, 61
effect on character, 62
relation to crime, 69, 71
motory and criminal, 71
psychic, 88
ambulatory, 89, 90
alcoholic psychic, 142

Epileptics, brain cells of, 22
relation to born criminals and morally insane 58 _ff._, 87
physical anomalies common to criminals and, 60, 61, 234
psychological characteristics, 61 _ff._
cases, 64-65
criminal, 66-69, 70, 259
difference between born criminals and, 72
non-criminal, 89-92
obsessions, 226
dress, 230
special offences, 259, 260

Epileptoids, 101

Erotomania, 96

Esthesiometer, 245

Examination of criminals, 219-257
antecedents and psychic individuality, 220-222
intelligence, 222
affections, 222-225
morbid phenomena, 225-226
speech, 226-228
memory, 228
handwriting, 228-230
dress, 230-231
physical, 231-245
sensibility, 245-251
movements, 251-255
functions, 255
table of, 255-257

F

Fines, 187, 191

Fisherton House, 207

Forgers, 46, 140, 245

France, percentage of illegitimates or orphans among minors arrested, 144
system for minor offences, 187
probation system in, 191

Frank, Francis, 223

French Panama Scandal, 106, 107

G

Gambling, 40

Games, 40

Garofalo, Senator, his table of penalties, 210

George, Henry, 164

George Junior Republic, 160, 164-167

Germans, ancient, theft among, 128, 129

Gilmour (_Among the Mongols_), 130

Gipsies, 140

Goitre, 220, 244

H

Habitual criminals, 44, 110-115, 198

Hallucinations, 30, 82-84

Hamburg, percentage of illegitimates among prostitutes, 144

Handwriting, 228-230

Harwick, quoted, on sense of right and wrong, 33

Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society in New York City, 160-164

Heredity, indirect, 137
direct, 57, 137-139
influence of, 144, 220, 235

Hieroglyphics, 43, 44

Homicide, among criminaloids, 121
in Italy, 140
relation of temperature to, 145
in Massachusetts, 173
and melancholia, 259

Hydrosphygmograph, 223

Hypnotism, 101

Hysteria, 92-99
relation to epilepsy, 92
physical and functional characteristics, 93
psychology, 94
susceptibility to suggestion, 95, 226
and delirium, 98
sensibility to metals, 248, 261
special offences of, 259
simulation of, 261

I

Idiots, impulses, 74, 258
speech, 227
physical characteristics, 235, 260

Idleness, 40, 150

Illegitimates, percentage of, among criminals, 144

Imbeciles, 75, 259, 260, 269

Imitation, 146

Immigration and its relation to crime, 147, 148

Imprisonment, 154, 186, 187

Impulsiveness, 36, 85

Incendiaries, 26

Indemnity, 191

India, infanticide in, 126
theft in, 129

Industrial Homes of the Salvation Army, 168

Inebriates, crimes peculiar to, 85-86
hallucinations of, 226

Infanticide, 121, 126, 127

Insane, the morally, relation to born criminals, 53, 57, 58
cases, 53 _ff._
relation to epileptics, 61, 65 _ff._
professional characteristics, 71
institutions for, 206
dress, 230
special offences, 259, 260

Insane criminals, 74-99, 234
characteristics distinguishing them from habitual criminals, 77, 78
antecedents, 78
motives, 78
typical cases, 79
institutions for, 205 _ff._
two classes, 208

Insanity, moral, 56, 65-69, 272 _ff._
criminal, 74-99
genuine and simulation of, 260, 276. _See also_ Lunacy

Institutions, for destitute children, 156
for destitute adults, 167
for women criminals, 180
for minor offenders, 185
for habitual criminals, 198
for born criminals and the morally insane, 205. _See also_
Reformatories, Penitentiaries

Intellectual manifestations of born criminals, 42-44

Intelligence, of born criminals, 41
of criminaloids, 106
examination, 222

Invulnerability of criminals, 64

Italy, hot-beds of crime in, 140
percentage of illegitimates among criminals, 144
percentage of women among criminals, 151
institutions for orphans, 157

J

Jackson, on epileptic fits, 60

Jews, percentage of crime among, 140

Jukes family, the, 138, 139

Juridical criminals, 115-117

Juvenile courts, 176, 178, 179

Juvenile offenders, 139
methods of dealing with, 176 _ff._, 192

K

Kleptomania, 141

Kowalewsky (_Archivio di Psichiatria_, 1885), 63

Krafft-Ebing, 84
quoted, on somnambulism and epileptics, 63

L

Labour, in reformatories, 166, 199
enforced, profitable to the State, 202, 203, 213

Lacassagne, 47

Ladelci (_Il Vino_, 1868), 37

Landolt's apparatus for testing the field of vision, 249

Lewisohn, Mr., 161

Lombroso, Cesare, discovery of _median occipital fossa_, 6
new theory as to criminals, 52, 56, 57
view of hysteria and epilepsy, 99
on percentage of criminals of inebriate families, 138
on criminal associations, 146
_Criminal Man_, 9, 288-291
_Modern Forms of Crime_, 9
_Recent Research in Criminal Anthropology_, 9, 309
_Prison Palimpsests_, 9, 155, 300-302
_The Female Offender_, 180, 291-294
_Crimes, Ancient and Modern_, 173, 302-303
_The Man of Genius_, 283-288
_Political Crime_, 294-298
_Too Soon_, 298-300
_Diagnostic Methods of Legal Psychiatry_, 303-305
_Anarchists_, 305-307
_Lectures on Legal Medicine_, 307-308

Luciani, experiments of, 59

Lunacy, general forms, 74, _See also_ Insanity

M

Maccabruni, Dr. (_Notes on Hidden Forms of Epilepsy_, 1886), 89

Mafia, 117, 230

Magnaud, 187

Maniacs, 76, 259

Manzoni (_Promessi Sposi_), on instinctive tendency to law-breaking, 152

Marey's tympanum, 224

Marro (_Annalidi Freniatia_, 1890), 64

Massachusetts, crime in, 173
probation office in Boston, 189
reformatories at Boston, 190

Mattoids, 228, 229

_Median occipital fossa_, discovery of, 6

Melancholia, 75, 227, 252, 259

Memory, 228

Mendacity, 96-98

Meseplas, agricultural colony at, 202, 203

Metchnikoff, 14

Meteoric sensibility, 26

Modern School of Penal Jurisprudence, 4, 5, 9, 153, 155, 156

Monomaniacs, impulses and motives, 77
cases, 78, 276 _ff._
handwriting, 228, 230
dress, 231
examination of, 276 _ff._

Moral sense, of criminals, 28-40
of criminaloids, 106

Moreau, 130
(_De l' Homicide chez les enfants_, 1882), 131

Morel, 53, 98

Mülhausen (_Diary of a Journey from the Mississippi to the Pacific_), 129

Murder, among gipsies, 140
among Jews, 140
in United States, 145

Murderers, physical characteristics, 16, 18, 26, 46, 236
moral sense, 29, 38
imprisonment, 182
dress, 230

N

Newspaper reports of crimes, influence of, 146, 147

Nothnagel's thermo-esthesiometer, 247

O

Obermayer's methods in prisons, 195, 196

Obscenity, 63

Occupations suitable for prisoners, 197, 203, 204

"Open Door," the, penal institution in Buenos Ayres, 203, 204

Orange, 208

Orgies, 40

Osmometer, 251

Ottolenghi, discoveries of, 61

P

Paralysis, 75, 226, 229

Paralytic, demented, 269

"Paranza," 48

Paresis, 82, 83

Parkinson's disease, 252

Passion, criminals of, 117-121, 186

Patrizi, 224

"Patta, La" 41

Pears (_Prisons and Reform_, 1872), 196

Pederasts, 232

Pellagra, 76, 150

Pelvimeter, 239

Penal codes, 176, 178

Penal colonies, 201-204

Penalties, 153
table of, proposed by the Modern School, 210-212

Penitenciario Nacional of Buenos Ayres, 198-203

Penitentiaries, 194-198

Penta, on percentage of criminals of inebriate families, 138

Perez,(_Psychologie de l'enfant_), quoted, on anger in children, 131

Perth, Scotland, 207

Peruvian Indians, 6, 7

Physical anomalies of criminals, 7, 10-24, 231-245

Pictet, 125

Pictography, 43

Pinel, 37, 53

Plethysmograph, 223, 225, 264

Poisoners, 31, 182

Political offenders, 186

Polyandry, 127

Population, density of, effect on criminality, 146, 148

Positive School of Penal Jurisprudence. _See_ Modern School of Penal
Jurisprudence

Pott, 125

Poverty and crime, 150

Precocity in crime, 222

Preventive methods, 175 _ff._

Primitive races, tattooing among, 45
views of crime, 125-129, 134
death penalty among, 209

Prison life, effect upon criminals, 148, 149, 153, 154, 186

Probation Office in Boston, 189

Probation system, 178, 179, 188-191

Professions and crime, 149, 150, 221

Progeneismus, 13, 60, 243

Prognathism, 7, 12

Prostitution, 144, 151, 180

Proverbial sayings concerning criminals, 49, 50

Prussia, percentage of illegitimates among criminals, 144

Psychology of born criminals, 27 _ff._

Ptosis, 14, 236

Punishments, 185
corporal, 191
capital, 208, 209

R

Race and crime, 139, 140

Recidivists, 46, 222

Reformatories, 182, 192

_Reformatory Prison for Women_ at South Framingham, near Boston, 183-185

Remorse, 29

Repentance, 29

Rescue Homes of the Salvation Army, 169

_Revue d'Anthropologie_, 1874, 128

Ribaudo, Brancaleone, 138

Richet, experiments with dogs, 59, 60
on hysteria, 95

Roncoroni, discoveries of, 21, 22, 61, 100

Rosenbach, experiments of, 59

"Rota, La" 41

S

Salvation Army, 167-170

Samt, on epilepsy, 88, 90, 91

San Stefano, island, convict population, 34

Sensibility, general, 24, 245, 246, 277
to touch and pain, 25, 245, 246, 277
to the magnet, 26
meteoric, 26
of the senses, 26, 249-251
localisation of, 247
to metals, 248

Simulation, 97, 261, 272

Sisterhoods founded by Rabbi Gottheil, 170-172

Skin diseases, 232

Skull, formations, 10-12
measurements, 239-242

Slang, 28, 33, 42, 152

Smugglers, 114

Snow (_Two Years' Cruise round Tierra del Fuego_), 129

Social causes of crime, 143

Somatic examination, 260, 277

Somnambulism, 63, 141

South America, institutions for orphans, 157
Salvation Army in, 170
reformatories, 192
penal institution in Buenos Ayres, 203

Spain, percentage of women among criminals, 151

Spencer (_Principles of Ethics_, 1895), 129

Strabismus, 14, 236

Strength, 27, 252

Suggestion, susceptibility to, 95, 269
examination of, 226
case, 269

Suicide, 119, 259

Swindlers, characteristics, 16, 18, 20, 25, 46, 231, 245, 246
percentage among criminaloids, 108
cases, 109
imprisonment of, 182

Sydenham, on hysteria, 95

Symbiosis, 212-215

T

Tachyanthropometer, 237

Tamburini, quoted, 37

Tardieu (_De la Folie_, 1870), 85

Tattooing, 39, 45-48, 232

Temperature, relation to crime, 145

Theft, instincts of, 37, 38
petty, 117
percentage of, among criminaloids, 121
among primitive races, 128-130
and paralysis, 259
and epileptics, 260

Thieves, physical characteristics, 20, 46, 150, 236, 243-244
cases, 28, 29, 37, 38
moral sense, 32-35
handwriting, 230

Tissié (_Les alienés voyageurs_, 1887), 88

Tonnini, 62, 64, 65

Traumatism, 140, 141

Treachery, 34

U

United States, institutions for destitute children, 160
percentage of crime in, 173, 174
probation system in, 178, 189, 190
juvenile courts in, 178
reformatories in, 192

V

Vanicek, 126, 127

Vanity, 35

Vidocq, 35

Vindictiveness, 38

Volumetric glove, 224

Volumetric tank, 223

W

Weber's esthesiometer, 245

_Where the Shadows Lengthen_, 168

Women, percentage of criminality among, 151, 180
nature of criminality among, 181, 182

Work, motive force of every institute, 197

Wormian bones, 12

Z

Zakka Khel, criminal tribe in India, 129, 140

Zehen, experiments of, 59

Zino, 41

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Footnotes:

[1] For a description of the methods employed in measuring skulls see