Chapter XIII: Appendix: , No. III (1)

_The Ceremonies of Blessing Cramp-Rings on Good-Friday, used by the Catholick Kings of England._

The Psalme "Deus misereatur nostri," &c. with the "Gloria Patri."

May God take pity upon us, and blesse us;* may he send forth the light of his face upon us, and take pity on us.

That we may know thy ways on earth* among all nations thy salvation.

May people acknowledge thee, O God:* may all people acknowledge thee.

Let nations reioice, and be glad, because thou iudgest people with equity,* and doest guide nations on the earth.

May people acknowledge thee, O God, may all people acknowledge thee,* the earth has sent forth her fruit.

May God blesse us, that God who is ours: may that God blesse us,* and may all the bounds of the earth feare him.

Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,* and to the Holy Ghost.

As it was in the beginning, and now, and ever,* and for ever, and ever. Amen.

Then the King reades this Prayer:

Almighty eternal God, who by the most copious gifts of thy grace, flowing from the unexhausted fountain of thy bounty, hast been graciously pleased, for the comfort of mankind, continually to grant us many and various meanes to relieve us in our miseries; and art willing to make those the instruments and channels of thy gifts, and to grace those persons with more excellent favours, whom thou hast raised to the Royal dignity; to the end that, as by Thee they Reign, and govern others, so by Thee they may prove beneficial to them, and bestow thy favours on the people: Graciously heare our prayers, and favourably receive those vows we powre forth with humility, that Thou mayst grant to us, who beg with the same confidence the favour which our Ancestours, by their hopes in thy mercy have obtained: through Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Rings lying in one bason or more, this prayer is to be said over them:

O God, the Maker of heavenly and earthly creatures, and the most gracious Restorer of mankind, the Dispenser of spiritual grace, and the Origin of all blessings; send downe from heaven thy Holy Spirit the Comforter upon these Rings, artificially fram'd by the workman; and by thy greate power purify them so, that all the malice of the fowle and venomous Serpent be driven out; and so the metal, which by Thee was created, may remaine pure, and free from all dregs of the enemy: through Christ our Lord. Amen.

The Blessing of the Rings.

O God of Abraham, God of Isaac, God of Jacob, heare mercifully our prayers. Spare those who feare Thee. Be propitious to thy suppliants; and graciously be pleased to send downe from Heaven thy holy Angel, that he may sanctify ++ and blesse ++ these Rings; to the end they may prove a healthy remedy to such as implore thy name with humility, and accuse themselves of the sins which ly upon their conscience: who deplore their crimes in the sight of thy divine clemency, and beseech, with earnestness and humility, thy most serene piety. May they in fine, by the invocation of thy holy name, become profitable to all such as weare them, for the health of their soule and body, through Christ our Lord. Amen.

A Blessing.

O God, who hast manifested the greatest wonders of thy power by the cure of diseases, and who were pleased that Rings should be a pledge of fidelity in the Patriark Judah, a priestly ornament in Aaron, the mark of a faithful guardian in Darius, and in this Kingdom a remedy for divers diseases; graciously be pleased to blesse ++ and sanctify ++ these Rings; to the end that all such who weare them may be free from all snares of the Devil, may be defended by the power of celestial armour; and that no contraction of the nerves, or any danger of the falling-sickness, may infest them; but that in all sort of diseases by thy help they may find relief. In the name of the Father, ++ and of the Son, ++ and of the Holy Ghost. ++ Amen.

Blesse, O my soule, the Lord,* and let all things which are within me praise his holy name.

Blesse, O my soule, the Lord,* and do not forget all his favours.

He forgives all thy iniquities,* he heales all thy infirmities.

He redeemes thy life from ruin,* he crownes thee with mercy and commiseration.

He fils thy desires with what is good:* thy youth, like that of the eagle, shall be renewed.

The Lord is he who does mercy,* and does, iustice to those who suffer wrong.

The merciful and pitying Lord:* the long sufferer, and most mighty merciful.

He wil not continue his anger for ever;* neither wil he threaten for ever.

He has not dealt with us in proportion to our sins;* nor has he rendered unto us according to our offences.

Because according to the distance of heaven from earth,* so has he enforced his mercies, upon those who feare him.

As far distant as the east is from the west,* so far has he divided our offences from us.

After the manner that a Father takes pity of his sons; so has the Lord taken pity of those who feare him;* because he knows what we are made of.

He remembers that we are but dust. Man, like hay, such are his days;* like the flower in the field, so wil he fade away.

Because his breath wil passe away through him, and he wil not be able to subsist,* and it wil find no longer its owne place.

But the mercy of the Lord is from all eternity;* and wil be for ever upon those who feare him.

And his iustice comes upon the children of their children,* to those who keep his wil.

And are mindful of his commandments,* to performe them.

The Lord in heaven has prepared himself a throne, and his kingdom shall reign over all.

Blesse yee the Lord, all yee Angels of his; yee who are powerful in strength:* who execute his commands, at the hearing of his voice when he speakes.

Blesse yee the Lord, all yee vertues of his:* yee Ministers who execute his wil.

Blesse yee the Lord, all yee works of his throughout all places of his dominions:* my Soule praise thou the Lord.

Glory be to the Father, and to the Son,* and to the Holy Ghost.

As it was in the beginning, and now and ever,* and for ever and ever. Amen.

Wee humbly implore, O merciful God, thy infinit clemency; that as we come to Thee with a confident soule, and sincere faith, and a pious assurance of mind: with the like devotion thy beleevers may follow on these tokens of thy grace. May all superstition be banished hence; far be all suspicion of any diabolical fraud; and to the glory of thy name let all things succeede: to the end thy beleevers may understand Thee to be the dispenser of all good; and may be sensible, and publish, that whatsoever is profitable to soule or body, is derived from Thee: through Christ our Lord. Amen.

These Prayers being said, the King's Highnes rubbeth the Rings between his hands, saying,

Sanctify, O Lord, these Rings, and graciously bedew them with the dew of thy benediction, and consecrate them by the rubbing of our hands, which thou hast been pleased according to our ministery to sanctify by an external effusion of holy oyle upon them: to the end that what the nature of the mettal is not able to performe, may be wrought by the greatnes of thy grace: through Christ our Lord. Amen.

Then must holy water be cast on the Rings, saying,

In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost. Amen.

O Lord, the only begotten Son of God, Mediatour of God and men, Jesus Christ, in whose name alone salvation is sought for; and to such as hope in thee givest an easy acces to thy Father: who, when conversing among men, thyself a man, didst promise, by an assured oracle flowing from thy sacred mouth, that thy Father should grant whatever was asked him in thy name: Lend a gracious eare of pity to these prayers of ours; to the end that, approaching with confidence to the throne of thy grace, the beleevers may find, by the benefits conferr'd upon them, that by thy mediation we have obtained what we have most humbly begd in thy name: who livest and reignest with God the Father, in the unity of the Holy Ghost, one God for ever and ever. Amen.

Wee beseech thee, O Lord, that the Spirit, which proceedes from thee, may prevent and follow on our desires; to the end that what we beg with confidence for the good of the faithful, we may efficaciously obtaine by thy gracious gift: through Christ our Lord. Amen.

O most clement God; Father, Son, and Holy Ghost; wee supplicate and beseech thee, that what is here performed by pious ceremonies to the sanctifying of thy name, may be prevalent to the defense of our soule and body on earth; and profitable to a more ample felicity in heaven: who livest and reignest God, world without end. Amen.

Stemmata Magnatum.

ORIGIN OF THE TITLES

OF SOME OF THE

ENGLISH NOBILITY.

"When Adam dolve, and Eva span,
Who was then a Gentleman?
Then came the Churle, and gather'd Good;
And thence arose the Gentle Blood."

"It is an ancient received saying, that there is no Poverty but is descended of Nobility; nor no Nobility but is descended of Beggary."

History of the Gwedir Family, p. 94.

WESTMORELAND, Earl.--From the County.

_Burghersh_[221], Baron (_Fane_).--Bartholomew, Baron of Burghersh, was the Tenth Knight of the Order of the Garter, at the Institution 1350; who left a Daughter and Heir, who married Edward Le Despenser; which official Title was afterwards erected into a Barony by Summons, A. D. 1285; and was for a long time merged in the Family of Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, till the failure of Male Issue in a direct line, 1762. The Earldom and Barony of Burghersh passed to a distant branch, of the name of Fane; but the Barony of Le Despenser went by a Female to Sir Francis Dashwood, Bart. in right of his Mother.

[221] A corruption of Burghwash, a little Village in Sussex, on the
River Rother. See Camden's Brit.

LE DESPENSER, Baron (STAPLETON).--A nominal Title from official derivation. It was held originally by Descent and Summons, A.D. 1295. Anno 23 Edward I. it passed by Marriage to the Earl of Westmoreland; and, being a Fee, descended to Sir Francis Dashwood, Bart.; and after him to his Sister, Lady Austen, and now, 1788, is vested in Sir Thomas Stapleton, Bart. of Oxfordshire.

WENTWORTH[222], Viscount (NOEL).--After the Barony of _Wentworth_ had continued for several successions in the name of _Wentworth_, of Nettlestead in Suffolk, the Title devolved on Anne, the Wife of John Lord Lovelace, whose Daughter Martha inherited the Barony of _Wentworth_, and to whom the Title was confirmed, by Descent, in Parliament, A.D. 1702; and she walked at the Coronation of Queen Anne as Baroness _Wentworth_ in her own right. She dying without Issue, 1745, the Title devolved on the Descendants of Sir William _Noel_, Bart. who had married Margaret, another Daughter of Lord Lovelace, by Anne, the Heiress of Wentworth Lord _Wentworth_. Hence the Title passed to Edward, the eldest Son of Sir Clobery _Noel_, Bart. who succeeded to his Father's Title of Baronet, 1733; and to the Barony of _Wentworth_, as Heir of Margaret, 1745. He was created Viscount Wentworth of Wellesborough, co. Leic. 1762.

[222] The Ancestor of this Family was Thomas Wentworth, _Earl of
Cleveland;_ which Title became extinct, for want of Male Issue,
1667. The Barony passed as above.

HOWLAND, Baron (RUSSELL).--A Barony in the Duke of Bedford, granted in honour of Elizabeth, Daughter of John Howland, Esq. of Streatham in Surrey (by whom the Family acquired that estate), who married Wriothesley, Grandson of the first Duke of Bedford, and the eldest Son of Lord William Russell, who was beheaded 1683[223].

[223] See Collins's Baronage, i. 267, 272.

NORMANBY, Marquis, extinct (SHEFFIELD).--The second Title of Sheffield Duke of Buckingham, taken from an obscure place in Lincolnshire.

CHANDOS, Duke (BRYDGES).--The Patent is dated April 29, 1719, wherein the Grantee is styled "Duke of Chandos in the County of Hereford." The Dukedom became extinct, by the death of James the third Duke, s. p. 1789. The Barony exists (1790), if a claim to it can be established, as that creation bears date A. D. 1554.

ARUNDEL OF WARDOUR, Baron (ARUNDEL[224]).--From Wardour Castle in Wiltshire. He is a Count of the Empire by Grant of Rodolph II. A. D. 1595[225].

[224] See Camden's Britannia, col. 112.

[225] See Camden, for the words of the Patent.

SONDES, Baron (WATSON).--A revived Title, from the inheritance of part of the estates of Lewis Watson, Earl of Rockingham and Viscount _Sondes_. Lewis Watson, having married the Heiress of Sir George _Sondes_, K.B. was created Earl of Rockingham and Viscount _Sondes_, in honour of his Wife's Father, 1714; so that the present Title is nominal. The Estate at Lees-Court in Kent came by the above marriage.

ONSLOW AND CRANLEY, Baron (ONSLOW).--This Barony is both nominal and local, for the Family came from Onslow in Shropshire. Their first settlement in Surrey was at Knowle, in the Parish of _Cranley_, whence came the second Barony by creation to George Onslow, the Son of Arthur (the Speaker), in the life-time of his Cousin Richard, then Lord Onslow, 1776. The original Patent, 1716, to Richard (who was Speaker also) the eldest Son of Sir Arthur Onslow, Bart. was limited to the Heirs Male of his Father, which carried the Title of Baron Onslow of Onslow and Clendon[226], to the Son of Arthur (the Speaker), on the death of his Cousin Richard Lord Onslow, 1776[227].

[226] Clendon is the Seat of the Family in Surrey.

[227] See Camden's Brit. col. 182, as to the Family.

N.B. George Lord Onslow and _Cranley_ was created into the latter Title, May 14, 1776; and succeeded his Cousin Richard in the Title of Onslow, on the 8th of the following October.

BERKELEY, Earl.--From Berkeley Castle, the present Seat of the Family, in Gloucestershire. The Barony of Berkeley is a Feudal Honour by the Tenure of the Castle of Berkeley; and the Possessor of it had Summons to Parliament as a Baron by that Tenure, anno 23 Edward I.[228]

[228] Dale's Catalogue of the Nobility, 1697, p. 72.

DURSLEY, Viscount.--From Dursley in Gloucestershire, the original Seat of the Family.

DE CLIFFORD, Baron (SOUTHWELL).--From Clifford Castle in Herefordshire; where Walter Fitz-Ponce, whose Father possessed it by marriage, resided, and took the name of Clifford. The first Fitz-Ponce came hither with the Conqueror, to whom he was related. The Barony passed in the Female Line to the Family of Southwell, to which it was confirmed A.D. 1775. The first Summons to Parliament was anno 23 Edward I. 1295.

DUCIE, Baron, OF MORTON AND TORTWORTH (REYNOLDS).--The Peer of the name of _Ducie_ was descended from Sir Robert Ducie, Lord Mayor of London, 1631; and who had been created a Baronet[229]. The Issue Male of the name of _Ducie_ failing, the Title was renewed by Patent, 1763, to Matthew Ducie, Lord Ducie of _Morton_ in Staffordshire; with a Limitation to Thomas and Francis _Reynolds_, his Nephews, and their Heirs Male successively, by the Style of Lord Ducie of _Tortworth_ in Gloucestershire. _Thomas_ Reynolds succeeded to this Title on the death of his Uncle, 1770; and dying without Issue 1785, it devolved on his Brother _Francis;_ who dying in 1808, was succeeded by his Son Thomas, present Lord Ducie.

[229] Pennant's London, fourth edition, p. 346.

POWIS, Earl (HERBERT).--Powis is a part of Shropshire bordering on Wales; and was formerly a little Kingdom, still known by the name of Powis-Land. The first Baron was created by Henry I. on a surrender of the actual Territory, and an acknowledgment of service[230].

[230] Pennant's Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 436.

LUDLOW, Viscount.--From the Town of that name in Shropshire[231].

[231] The Barony of Herbert of Cherbury was revived in this Branch
in 1743.

AUDLEY, Baron (THICKNESSE-TOUCHET). Audley is in Staffordshire. John Touchet married Joan, eldest Daughter of Lord Audley of Heleigh, whose Descendant was found Heir, and had Summons to Parliament, A.D. 1296[232]. The honour of Peerage in the name of Touchet, who was also Earl of Castlehaven in Ireland, ended in a Daughter (Lady Elizabeth), who married Philip Thicknesse, Esq. and died in 1762, leaving Issue; the Barony (being a Fee) passed to George Thicknesse, her Son, on the death of the Earl of Castlehaven, 1777; and who has taken, by sign-manual, 1784, the additional name of Touchet. The Earldom is extinct.

[232] Collins's Peerage.

ABERGAVENNY, Earl (NEVILE).--This is a Title derived from a Lord Marcher, and taken, among many others now merged or extinct, from the place conquered. Mr. Pennant says, it is the only surviving Title of that nature[233].

[233] Tour in North Wales, vol. II. p. 439, 4to.

NEVILE, Viscount.--From the Name.

MIDDLETON, Baron (WILLOUGHBY).--From an obscure Village, near Sutton-Coldfield, in Warwickshire[234].

[234] Pennant's Journey from Chester to London, 4to, 1782, p. 127.

COVENTRY, Earl.--From the City, or the Name.

DEERHURST, Viscount (COVENTRY).--From a place in Gloucestershire.

STANHOPE, Earl.--A nominal Title. The first Peer of this Branch was created Viscount Stanhope of Mahon, and Baron Stanhope of Elvaston, in the County of Derby, 1717, from his having taken Port-Mahon, in the Island of Minorca, 1708.

MAHON, Viscount (STANHOPE).--The same Peer was created Earl Stanhope 1718, by which his second Title became "Viscount Mahon."

DUDLEY AND WARD, Viscount (WARD).--The Barony of _Ward_ is nominal, and was conferred in 1644. The Viscounty (by creation in 1763) is derived from a Village near Birmingham in Warwickshire.

N. B. The Viscounty includes both Honours; the Title being Viscount _Dudley and Ward_.

DORCHESTER, Earl (DAMER).--Lord Milton, a Baron both of England and Ireland, was created Earl of Dorchester in _Dorsetshire_, 1792.

MILTON, Viscount.--From Milton Abbey, the Seat of the Family, in Dorsetshire. The Title of Viscount was granted by the Patent in 1792.

DORCHESTER, Baron[235] (CARLETON).--Sir Guy Carleton, K. B. was created Baron of Dorchester in _Oxfordshire_, 1786. Sir Dudley Carleton was created Baron Carleton 1626, and Viscount Dorchester in _Oxfordshire_ 1628. It is, however, denied by the Heralds that Sir Guy is of that Family.

[235] The Marquisate of Dorchester, which was in the late Dukes of
Kingston, was from Dorchester, Dorset.

LEEDS, Duke (OSBORNE).--From the Town of Leeds in Yorkshire.

CARMARTHEN, Marquis.--From Carmarthen in Wales.

DANBY, Earl.--From a Castle of the name in Cleveland, a District of Yorkshire.

ALBEMARLE, Earl.--otherwise Aumerle, and Aumale [Albo Marla, or White Marle], from a Town in Normandy, which gave Title to a Peer of France. It was conferred by William III. when at war with Louis XIV.

BURY, Viscount (KEPPEL).--In Suffolk.

HARRINGTON, Earl (STANHOPE[236]).--From a Village in Northamptonshire.

[236] Sir Michael Stanhope, of Harington in Northamptonshire, was
the common Ancestor of the Earls of Chesterfield and of Harrington;
as also of Earl Stanhope.

PETERSHAM, Viscount (STANHOPE).--A Village near Richmond in Surrey[237].

[237] At Petersham was a Villa belonging to the Earl of Rochester,
which was burnt down in 1721; after which the Earl of Harrington
possessed and took it for his second Title in 1742.

SUFFOLK, Earl.--From the County.

BINDON, Viscount (HOWARD).--In Dorsetshire. It was the Seat of Lord Marney (A. D. 1607); and came to this Branch of the Family of Howard by a Marriage with the Heiress of Lord Marney[238].

[238] Camden, col. 57.

SHIPBROOKE, Viscount.--Richard Vernon was possessed of the Barony of Shipbroke, in Cheshire, in the time of Richard the First[239].

[239] Pennant's Journey from Chester, 1782, p. 19.

ORWELL, Baron (VERNON).--Vernon, Baron of Shipbroke, was one of the Barons (of the Palatinate of Chester) created by Hugh Lupus, the first Norman Earl of Chester. Extinct[240].

[240] Pennant's Tour in North Wales, 1778, p. 125.

BEAULIEU, Earl; BEAULIEU, Baron (HUSSEY-MONTAGUE).--Beaulieu is an Abbey in Hampshire, and was part of the Estate of John (Montagu) Duke of Montagu, inherited by his Daughter and Co-heiress the Duchess of Manchester, who married Sir Edward Hussey, K. B. Upon this marriage he took the additional name of Montague.

VERNON, Baron (VERNON).--The Title is nominal and local, from _Vernon_ in Normandy[241]. The Descent is from Hamon de Massie-Venables, of Kinderton, in Cheshire, who was one of Hugh Lupus's Palatinate Barons, as Earl of Chester.

[241] Collins's Peerage, 1779.

HARCOURT, Earl.--The Title is from the Name, which is local, from a Town in Normandy, and which is also the Title of a French Dukedom.

NUNEHAM, Viscount (HARCOURT).--From the Earl's Seat in Oxfordshire. The Earldom was erected in 1749.

GRAFTON, Duke.--From a Village in Northamptonshire, which was erected into an Honour, and conferred by King Charles II. on his Natural Son by the Duchess of Cleveland.

EUSTON, Earl (FITZROY).--From the Seat in Suffolk.

DEVONSHIRE, Duke (CAVENDISH).--From the County. Descended from a Gentleman Usher to Cardinal Wolsey[242].

[242] See Cavendish's Life of Wolsey. Collins's Collections.

HARTINGTON, Marquis (CAVENDISH).--From an obscure Village (the Property of the Duke) in the Peak of Derbyshire.

DORSET, Duke.--From the County. Sir Lionel Cranfield, Knight, Lord Cranfield, &c. was a Shop-keeper in London, as his Father had been before him[243].

[243] Bibl. Top. Brit. vol. VI. No XV. from D'Ewes's MS Journal in
the British Museum.

EFFINGHAM, Earl (HOWARD).--From Effingham in Surrey, a Seat of this Branch of the Family, and where there was a Castle.

SUSSEX, Earl.--From the County.

LONGUEVILLE, Viscount (YELVERTON).--Sir Henry Yelverton, the Second Baronet, married Susan Baroness Grey of Ruthyn, Daughter and sole Heiress of Charles Longueville, Lord Grey of Ruthyn. To this Title the eldest Son of Sir Henry succeeded on the death of his Mother (being a Barony in Fee); and was followed by his Brother Henry, who was created Viscount Longueville 1690. Talbot Yelverton, the eldest Son of Henry, was created Earl of Sussex in 1717.

BEAUFORT, Duke.--Henry Beaufort, third Duke of Somerset, temp. Henry VII. had a Natural Son, to whom he gave the names of Charles Somerset (afterwards a Knight), whose Descendant was created Duke of Beaufort. Thus, by a Child of Casualty, the Name and Title have changed positions; as what was Beaufort Duke of Somerset is now Somerset Duke of Beaufort.

WORCESTER, Marquis (SOMERSET). From the City.

MANCHESTER, Duke.--From the Town.

MANDEVILLE, Viscount (MONTAGU).--A nominal Title from Geoffrey de Mandeville, who possessed Kimbolton, the Seat of the Family, temp. Guil. Conq.[244]

[244] Kelham's Key to Domesday Book, p. 35.

Mandeville is a Village in Normandy (a corruption of Magnaville, _i. e._ Magna Villa), which gave name to the person who accompanied William the Conqueror[245].

[245] Vincent on Brooke.

WALDEGRAVE, Earl.--Waldegrave is a Village in Northamptonshire.

CHEWTON, Viscount (WALDEGRAVE).--From a place in Somersetshire[246].

[246] Camden's Britannia, col. 85.

MOUNT-EDGECUMBE, Earl.--Baron Edgecumbe by Creation, 1742. Earl of Mount-Edgecumbe by Creation, 1789. From the Family Seat in Cornwall.

VALLETORT, Viscount (EDGECUMBE).--From an old Norman Barony (De Valle Tortâ), with Lands annexed, in Devonshire, the property of the Family[247].

[247] Ibid. col. 21.

GAINSBOROUGH, Earl.--From the Town.

CAMPDEN, Viscount (NOEL).--Campden is in Gloucestershire.

Sir Baptist Hicks, created Viscount Campden 1628, left two Daughters, the elder of whom married Lord Noel, one of whose Descendants (Edward) was created Earl of Gainsborough 1682.

DIGBY, Earl.--This Title, when a Barony, was nominal (though local in itself, from Digby, co. Lincoln) till Henry, the late Peer, was created Earl of Digby in 1790. He dying in 1793, was succeeded by Edward the present Earl.

COLESHILL, Viscount (DIGBY).--In Warwickshire. The Manor of Coleshill was forfeited by Sir Simon Montfort, on a charge of High Treason in supporting Perkin Warbeck; when it was given to Simon Digby, then Deputy Constable of Coleshill Castle[248].

[248] Pennant's Journey from Chester, p. 129.

MONTAGU, or MONTACUTE, Viscount (BROWNE).--From a high Hill in a Village in Somersetshire; where William Earl of Moreton, Maternal Brother to William the Conqueror, built a Castle, which, as it rises from its base to a sharp point, he called _Mons acutus_. Thus far the tradition; and Bishop Gibson, in his Edition of Camden's Britannia, allows this to have been the place from which Sir Anthony Browne, the first Viscount, had the Title[249].

[249] Camden's Britannia, col. 72.

RUTLAND, Duke.--From the County.

GRANBY, Marquis (MANNERS).--From a Village in Nottinghamshire.

The Barony of Roos of Hamlake[250] gives Title to the eldest Son of a Marquis of Granby, in his Father's life-time.

[250] Collins, in his Peerage 1735, says, that _Hamlake_ is the same
as _Hemsley_ in Yorkshire (North Riding).

KENT, Duke.--From the County.

HAROLD, Earl (GREY), Extinct.--From a place of the name in Bedfordshire.

There was in this Family the Viscounty of _Gooderich_, from _Gooderich_ Castle in Herefordshire.

ABINGDON, Earl.--In Berkshire.

NORREYS, Baron (BERTIE).--James Bertie, the first Earl of Abingdon (who was the second Son of Montagu Bertie, the second Earl of Lindsey) was the Issue of a second Wife; _viz._ Bridget Baroness Norreys of Rycote in her own right. He had Summons to Parliament as Baron Norreys in 1572, and was created Earl of Abingdon in 1682[251].

[251] See Camden's Britannia, col. 315.

DACRE, Baron (ROPER, late BARRETT-LEONARD).--Originally both nominal and local, the first Peer having been _Dacre_ of _Dacre_ Castle in Cumberland.

Being a Barony in Fee, it has had owners of different names[252].

[252] There were two Barons of this Title existing at the same time;
_viz._ Lord Dacre of the North, and Lord Dacre of the South. Both at
length centered in Barrett-Leonard Lord Dacre.

GODOLPHIN, Earl.--From a Hill (perhaps anciently a Seigniory) in Cornwall. The proper name is _Godolcan_, corrupted into _Godolphin_. The word signifies, in the Cornish language, "White Eagle;" agreeably to which, the Arms of the Family are, "Gules, an Eagle displayed between three Fleurs de Lis Argent [253]."

[253] See Camden's Britannia, col. 14.

RIALTON, Viscount.--From a Village in Cornwall[254].

[254] On the death of Francis Earl of Godolphin, 1766, the Barony
devolved to Francis, his first cousin; and on his death, in 1785,
became extinct.

TANKERVILLE, Earl.--Originally from a Town and Castle in Normandy[255]. The present Title is derived from Ford Lord Grey of Werk, who was created Earl of Tankerville (a dormant Title in his Family) in 1695. This Earl left an only Daughter, who married Charles Bennet, Baron of Ussulston, who was afterwards (1714) created Earl of Tankerville.

[255] See Peerage, 1711, vol. II.

USSULSTON, Baron (BENNET).--From one of the Hundreds of Middlesex.

ARLINGTON, Earl.--The Title was derived from Arlington in Middlesex, the Seat of Sir Henry Bennet, who was created Baron Arlington 1664, and Earl of Arlington in 1672. He died in 1685.

THETFORD, Viscount (BENNET), Extinct.--In Norfolk.

BRIDGEWATER, Duke (EGERTON).--The Lord Chancellor was the founder of this Family, and was a Natural Son of Sir Richard Egerton, Knight, of Ridley in Cheshire, by the Daughter of one Sparks of Bickerton[256].

[256] For other circumstances see Mr. Pennant's Tour in North
Wales, vol. I. p. 105; and vol. II. p. 187, in the corrections and
additions to vol. I.

GREY DE WILTON, Baron (EGERTON).--The present Peer (Sir Thomas Egerton, Bart.) is descended from Bridget, sole Sister and Heir to Thomas Lord Grey of Wilton, a Female Barony, denominated from Wilton in the County of Hereford[257].

[257] The Barony was conferred upon Sir Thomas Egerton by Creation
in 1784, notwithstanding his claim by Descent.--His Lordship was in
1801 advanced to the Titles of Viscount Grey de Wilton, and Earl of
Wilton.

HERTFORD, Earl.--From the Town.

BEAUCHAMP, Viscount (CONWAY).--Nominal and local, from a place in Normandy.

SCARBOROUGH, Earl.--From Scarborough in Yorkshire.

LUMLEY, Viscount (LUMLEY, with the additional name of SANDERSON).--From Lumley Castle, in the Bishoprick of Durham.

RIVERS, Baron (PITT).--The first of the name, _De Redvers_, came hither with William the Conqueror, and was made Earl of Devonshire. Baldwin de _Redveriis_ (or _Riveriis_), Earl of Devonshire, had Estates in the neighbourhood of Exeter[258].

[258] See Tanner's Notitia.--The name is written _Ridvers_, alias
_Redvers_, in Camden's Brit. col. 156.

George Pitt, Ancestor of the present Lord Rivers (created in 1776), married Jane Daughter of Savage, Earl Rivers of Rock-Savage in Cheshire, Relict of George, the sixth Lord Chandos. She brought a large Estate to her second Husband, partly as Heiress of Savage Earl Rivers, and partly from her first Husband.

DARLINGTON, Earl.--From Darlington, in the Bishoprick of Durham.

BARNARD, Viscount (VANE).--From Barnard-Castle, in the Bishoprick of Durham.

BROWNLOW, Baron (CUST).--A nominal Title; for Sir Richard Cust, Bart. married Anne Daughter of Sir William Brownlow, Bart. Sister, and at length Heir, to John Brownlow, Viscount Tyrconnel, of the Kingdom of Ireland, seated at Belton in Lincolnshire.

HAWKESBURY, Baron (JENKINSON).--Though this Family is styled of Walcot in Oxfordshire, it was originally seated at Hawkesbury in Gloucestershire.

HEATHFIELD, Baron (ELIOT).--Sir George Augustus Eliot, K. B. who commanded at Gibraltar during the celebrated Siege, chose this place in Sussex (his property) for his Title. It is said that the decisive Battle, called "The Battle of Hastings," was fought on this spot[259].

[259] East-Bourne Guide, p. 73.

CAMDEN, Marquis.--From his House at Chislehurst in Kent, formerly the residence of Camden the celebrated Antiquary, and now called Camden Place.

BAYHAM, Viscount (PRATT).--From Bayham Abbey, in Sussex, an Estate in the Family of Pratt, and now in possession of the Marquis.

DYNEVOR, Baroness (RICE and DE CARDONEL).--From Dinevawr in Caermarthenshire. She is the Daughter of the first Earl Talbot, and Widow of George Rice, Esquire. In the year 1780 the Earl was created Baron of Dinevawr, with limitation to his Daughter and her Issue male; and which took place on the Earl's death, in 1782. She enjoyed the Title till her death, 1793, when it descended to her eldest Son George Talbot Rice, who, in pursuance of the Will of his Grandmother, Lady Talbot (whose maiden name was De Cardonel), changed his Name, Arms, and Crest, to those of De Cardonel only, by Sign Manual, in May 1793 [See the Gazette].[260]

[260] The Baroness had taken the Name and Arms of De Cardonel on the
death of her Mother in 1787. The Barony of Talbot, on the Earl's
death, passed to his Nephew, though the Earldom became extinct, but
was afterwards revived.

NEWCASTLE, Duke (HOLLES).--From Sir William Holles, Lord Mayor of London[261].

[261] See Collins's Collections.

HOLDERNESS, Earl (DARCY), Extinct.--For the origin of the Family, see Leland's Itinerary, vol. VI. p. 24.

NORTHAMPTON, Marquis (PARR), Extinct.--For the origin of this Family, see also Leland's Itinerary, vol. VIII. p. 96.

English Armorial Bearings.

_Edward_ IV. is by Shakespeare made to say that he would bear Three fair shining Suns on his Target, from the time he is said to have seen Three Suns at one time. (Hen. VI. Part III. Act ii. Sc. i.)[262]

[262] Consult Sandford, &c. for his Armorial Bearings.

_Monteagle._--Stanley, Baron of Monteagle, so entitled for his valour at Flodden Field, because his Ancestors bore an Eagle for their Crest. Vide Hon. Anglic, p. 109.

_Carey.--_In the Reign of Henry V. was held, at Smithfield, a Just between Robert Carey _of the West_, Son of Sir John Carey, Knight, and a Foreign Knight, of the Kingdom of Aragon. Carey vanquished the Aragonese, and took his Coat Armour in lieu of his own; _viz._ "Argent, on a Bend Sable, Three Roses of the First:" which have ever since been borne by the name of _Carey_, whose antient Coat was "Gules, a Chevron between Three Swans Proper, one whereof they still retain in their Crest[263]."

[263] Stowe's History of London, Book iii. p. 239.

N. B. These are the Arms of _Carey_; though, from the words "_of the West_," one would think _Carew_ was intended. But the account agrees with the Arms of Viscount _Falkland_.

_Cooper_ and _Cowper_.--Cooper Earl of Shaftesbury bears Three Bulls: Cowper Earl Cowper does not.

"The Eagle and Child" having been adopted as the Crest of the Earl of _Derby_, its Origin is a circumstance of no small curiosity.

Nothing is more common than for a Tenant or Dependant to take the Crest of his Lord or Chief for a Sign; which will account for the greatest part of the Bulls' Heads, Griffins, Falcons, Lions, Boars, &c. in the Kingdom. Thus from one quarter they straggled into different places, as those people who had occasion for Signs emigrated from their own Counties and Districts. Amongst these the Sign in question is one; and is to be found in various places that have no present connexion with the original, the Importer of such Device being, perhaps, long since dead. This, being the Crest or Cognizance of the Stanleys, Earls of Derby, it most probably was first used in Lancashire, and the parts contiguous, as a Sign.

I at first conceived it to be a fabulous affair; but find, from good and respectable authorities, that there is not only probable, but substantial History contained in it; as the major part of the Estate is derived to the Family from the Issue of the very Child in question. The first account of this matter I shall give from "A Survey of the _Isle of Man_[264]," of which the _Stanleys_ were for several ages Kings and Lords, holding of the Kings of England, by Grant of Henry IV. (anno 7), by Homage and the Service of a [265]Cast (of Falcons), payable on Coronations. The _Stanleys_ were Kings as much as any Tributary King whatsoever, making Laws, &c. They appeared on a certain day in Royal Array, sitting in a Chair, covered with a Royal Cloth and Cushions, with their Visage to the East; the Sword borne before them, with the point upwards; with their Barons, Knights, Squires, &c. about them. Such were the Descendants of the Child we are going to speak of more largely.

[264] By William Sacheverell, Esq. late Governor of the Island,
printed at London, 1702.

[265] _i. e._ Two Falcons. Dugdale's Baronage.

_Sir John Stanley_ (temp. Richard II.) was a Knight of the greatest fame in matters of Chivalry; who, having been a great Traveller, was known for his prowess in most parts of Europe. On his return, he was followed by a _Frenchman_, who challenged the whole English Nation. _Sir John_ accepted his challenge, fought, and slew him in the presence of the King. This addition to his fame raised his reputation among the men, and procured him so much favour with the ladies, that he attracted the particular attention of the Heiress of the Family of _Latham_, who was young, rich, and beautiful. _Sir John_, with the true spirit of Errantry, declared it was for her he fought; and at length, contrary to the inclination of her Father, married the Lady.

Mr. Sacheverell then relates the story which gave birth to this appendage to the Armorial Bearing of the _Stanley_ Family. These are his words:

"The Lord of _Latham_ and his Lady, being Childless, as they were walking in the Park, heard a Child crying in an Eagle's nest: they immediately ordered their servants to search the Eyery, who presented them with a beautiful Boy, in rich swadling-cloaths. The good old lady looked upon it as a present sent from Heaven, ordered it to be carefully educated, and gave it the Surname of _Latham_. He (the Child) was knighted by King Edward III. by the name of Sir _Oskytel Latham_, and left sole Heir of that vast estate. He had one daughter, named _Isabella_, who by marriage brought the honours of _Latham_ and _Knowsley_, with many other Lordships, to _Sir John Stanley_."

Mr. Sacheverell goes no further into the Story; and the Reader will be naturally inclined to know whose Child this was, and how it was conveyed into the Eagle's nest. For this we must have recourse to Sir William Dugdale[266], who relates the Story more circumstantially, and, as he says, upon credible tradition; _viz._ That a _Sir Thomas de Latham_ had a natural Son, called _Oskytel_, by an obscure woman, who lived near him; and, "having no Child by his Lady, he designed to adopt this _Oskytel_ for his Heir; but so that he himself might not be suspected to have been the Father. Observing, therefore, that an Eagle had built her Nest in a large spread oak within his Park at Lathom, he caused the Child in swadling cloaths to be privily conveyed thither; and (as a wonder) presently called forth his Wife to see it; representing to her, that, having no Issue, God Almighty had thus sent him a Male Child, and so preserved, that he looked upon it as a miracle; disguising the truth so artificially from her, that she forthwith took him (the Child) with great fondness into the house, educating him with no less affection than if she had been his natural Mother; whereupon he became Heir to that fair inheritance; and that, in token thereof, not only his Descendants, whilst the Male Line endured, but the _Stanleys_ proceeding from the said Isabel (the Heir Female), have ever since borne the Child in the Eagle's Nest, with the Eagle thereon, for their Crest.

[266] Baronage, vol. II. p. 257.

* * * * *

_Francis Bourgeois_, Member of the Royal Academy, had leave from King George III. to wear the Polish Order "Merentibus." The Diploma is dated Warsaw, February 16, 1791. Ordered to be registered in the College of Arms.

ORIGIN AND DERIVATION

OF A FEW

Remarkable Surnames.

_Lewkenor._--Sir Lewis, Master of the Ceremonies; from one of the Hundreds of Lincolnshire, called anciently _Levechenora_[267].

[267] Brady's History of England, General Preface, p. 50.

_Kempe._--The same as _Champion_. The Danish word[268].

[268] Brady's Preface to the Norman History, p. 150.

_Misenor._--From _Mesonero_, an Inn-keeper; Spanish.

_Muncaster._--The old name of Newcastle upon Tyne; quasi _Monk-Caster_. The present name was perhaps taken on its being rebuilt.

_Mease._--From _Meze_, a messuage[269].

[269] See Blount's Dict.

_Hugesson._--Cardinal _Hugezun_ came over as the Pope's Legate, temp. Henry II.[270]

[270] Brady's Hist. p. 415.

_Dempster._--The Judges of the Isle of Man were called Deemsters[271].

[271] Sacheverell's History of the Island, p. 2.

_Eldred._--There was an Archbishop of York of the name of _Aldred_, temp. William the Conqueror. Perhaps contracted from _Alured_, the Latin of Alfred.

_Brettell._--There is a Seignory in Normandy of the name of Bretteville. So we have corrupted the name of _Frescheville_ into _Fretwell_.

_Belassis._--Something of this name may be seen in Brady's History, p. 196.

_Larpent._--From the French, _L'Arpent_; _Arpent_ signifying an acre. We drop the apostrophe.

_Duppa._--_De Uphaugh_ and, by apostrophe, _D'Uphaugh_, according to Anthony Wood.

_Firmin._--From St. Fermin in France.

_Paliser._--An official name of such person or persons who had the care of the pales of a forest[272].

[272] Manwood's Forest Laws.

_Ord._--Signifies a Promontory in the Highland; and, I presume, is Erse[273].

[273] Pennant's Tour, p. 158.

_Bownas_ and _Bonas_.--Corrupted from _Buchan-Ness_, the seat of the Earl of Errol[274].

[274] Ibid. p. 124.

_Ridgeway._--A local term for the way of the ford, or passage over a stream. _Ryd_ and _Rith_ signifying a ford[275].

[275] Hasted's History of Kent.

_Fitzherbert._--It is written Filius-Herberti in very old deeds[276]. The _Finches_ were called _Finch-Herbert_ formerly; which led Daniel Earl of Winchelsea to think he was related to the Fitzherberts. Thus Leland: "The Finches that be now, say, that theire propre name is _Hereberte_; and that with mariage of the Finche-Heyre, they tooke the Finche's name, and were called Finche-Herebert, joining booth names[277]."

[276] Ex inform. Dom. Gul. Fitzherbert, Baronetti.

[277] Itinerary, VI. 52.

_Herbert_ of Kent married the heiress of Finch, and took that name as a prefix, which they soon corrupted into _Fitz-herbert_. But the Fitzherberts were a family before the _Finches_ were fledged; and in old deeds the name is given _Filius Herberti_.

_Champernoun._--Devonshire: a corruption of _Campernulph_, or _De Campo Arnulphi_; called, says Camden, _Champernoun_[278].

[278] Britannia, col. 35.

_Smelt._--Ralph Luvel (or Lovel) an ancestor of the Percivals, was, in the time of King Stephen, called also _Simelt_, for which no reason is given[279].

[279] See Collins's Peerage, 1779, art. _Lovel and Holland_.

Names of Men, of Places, and Things, have changed, and by seeming corruption have come right again.

Thus, for Men.

Tollemache Talmash Tollemache
Legarde Ledgiard Legarde
Lyttelton Littleton Lyttelton
Fauconberg Falconbridge Fauconberg[280]
Cholmondeley Cholmley Cholmondeley
Osbaldiston. Osberton Osbaldiston.

[280] So Shakspeare has it.

I take this to be a local name, from _Osbaldiston_ in Lancashire, q. _Osbald his Town_. There is in Yorkshire _Osbaldwick_, pronounced _Osberwick_. It should be _Oswald_, a Bishop of York and Martyr, in both cases.

We have the name _Bernardiston_, from a place of the name in Suffolk[281].

[281] For both the places see Spelman's Villare.

* * * * *

_Robertsbridge_, in Sussex, appears to be a corruption of _Rothersbridge_, as it was long called, and with plausibility; for it is situated on the river _Rother_: but the former is the truth, as I have been informed that in old Latin deeds it is styled _Pons Roberti_.

* * * * *

There are some terms which, by a double corruption, have got home again; as _Crevisses_, in Derbyshire; where _Crevise_, the word for a _Cray-fish_, is a corruption: but it gets home by it; for the French word from whence _cray-fish_ was first formed, is _ecrevisse_. This too is the radical word; for the lobster is but a species of it, and called _l'ecrevisse de mer_, or _sea-cray-fish_; what is now called the sea-cray-fish, is properly the lobster. This difference consists in the want of claws.

Symbola Scotica;

OR,

An Attempt to Elucidate some of the more Obscure Armorial Bearings, principally the MOTTOES used by many of the Scottish Families.

_In a Letter to the Earl of LEICESTER, President of the Society of Antiquaries,_

"Arma Viramque."

There seems to be something peculiarly significant and quaint in the greatest part of the Mottoes and Devices used by the Scottish Nobility, and perhaps in those of many Families of inferior Rank; though these last do not so easily come under our observation.

My intention is, to trouble your Lordship with my thoughts on a few of these Mottoes (as we call them); and refer to your extensive knowledge in the science of Heraldry, and your love of investigation, for the rest of these obscure impreses.

We must, however, distinguish between the Motto and the _Slug horn_ (or, as Sir George Mackenzie gives it, upon the more Southern pronunciation, _Slogan_[282]); the latter being a _cry de guerre_, whereas the former (though one may sometimes answer both purposes) seems more to relate to some historical circumstance by which the Family have been signalized. The original idea of these words, I have no doubt, related to War, and operated as what we now call the Watch-Word, and more emphatically _the Word_ by the circulation of which the King can, at this day, call his guards about him, as the Chiefs of Scotland formerly assembled their Vassals in their respective divisions or clans. The French call it a _Mot_; and the Italians, by an augmentation, _Motto_; which last we have adopted when we speak in an heraldic style. The true Scottish term is a _Ditton_, the _Slughorn_ being properly the _cry de Guerre_. Not to go into the antiquity of Mottoes, or Armory, further than the subject in question shall lead me, I shall content myself with observing that Armorial Bearings in general, with us in England, have little more than the fancy of the party, with Heraldic sanction, for their foundation; or some distant allusion to the name. Take one singular instance of this last case, which Mr. Boyer (in his Theatre of Honour) gives, as a whimsical bearing. The Arms of the name of _Matthias_ are three Dice (sixes as the highest throw), having, I make no doubt (though Mr. Boyer gives no reason for it), a reference to the election of St. Matthias into the Apostleship: "And the lot fell upon Matthias." One of the writers in the Antiquarian Discourses (Mr. Agarde) thinks the old Motto of the _Caves_, of Stanford, in Northamptonshire, a happy conceit; the ancient Crest being a Grey-hound currant, with a label issuing out of its mouth, with these words, "Adsum; Cave." Had the _Cavè_ stood alone, without the Dog or the _Adsum_, it might have been very well, and have operated religiously, morally, or politically: but otherwise the Dog seems to run away with the Wit. The Family, since Mr. Agarde's time, appear to have been sensible of this awkward compound, and have adopted the French word _Gardez_ for the Motto; though I think they had better have kept the _Cavè_ (as I have observed), and hanged the Grey-hound; though perhaps it was conceived at the time the _Adsum_ was dropped, that Ca-vè, in the Latin, might be confounded with the English, _Cave_; and that it would have appeared as if they had taken the name for the Motto, without another Latin word to denote that language; and therefore might take _Gardez_, which shews itself to be French.

[282] The Glossary to Douglas's Virgil adduces the Term from the
Anglo-Saxon _Slegan_, interficere.

Mr. Agarde's own Motto is much more apposite to his name; which, he tells us at the end of his Memoir, was, _Dieu me Garde_; but at the same time this would have admitted of improvement; for the French verb _Garder_ was originally _Agarder_, which, had he known it, would have enabled him to have made the pun complete--_Dieu m'Agarde_.

Before I quit the subject in general, I cannot help mentioning a _bon mot_ of a friend of mine (and he has so much wit that I shall not rob him in the least by the repetition), on his visiting Chatsworth, to see the house. The Motto of the noble owner is, as your Lordship well knows, _Cavendo Tutus_, to which the Family has happily adhered in their Political concerns. The state rooms in that house are floored with old oak, waxed, and very slippery, in consequence of which my friend had very near fallen down; when, recovering his equilibrium, he observed, "that he rather supposed the Motto related to the floors than the name."

* * * * *

But it is time to lead to the matter I proposed, _viz._ the SCOTTISH MOTTOES; and yet, before I proceed to them, I wish to premise something on the grounds of a few of the ARMORIAL BEARINGS among the most ancient Scottish Families, which have originated from History.

* * * * *

The principal Family of the name of

DOUGLAS

carries "A Man's Heart Gules," as a fixed principal Charge, because the Good Sir James Douglas, as he is styled, carried the Heart of King Robert I. (of the name of Bruce) to Jerusalem, and there interred it[283]. The original Coat Armour of Douglas was, "Azure, in chief Three Stars Argent[284]." The Heart is now imperially crowned; but that is a later introduction[285], not borne at least by those who merely quartered the Arms.

[283] Nisbet's Cadencies, p. 178.

[284] Idem, p, 208.

[285] Nisbet, Armories, p. 199.

CAMPBELL,

Duke of Argyle, Marquis of Lorn, &c. bears in the Second and Third Quarters (for the Lordship of Lorn) a Feudal Charge of "Or, a Limphad (or small Ship) Sable, with Flames of Fire issuing out of the Top of the Mast, and from the Fore and Hindermost Parts of the Ship:" which Fire, says my Author, was called in old blazonry St. Anthony's Fire. The reason is, that, as the Territory lay upon the Coast, this Bearing was indicative of the Tenure by which the Lands were held in capite; _viz_. by supplying a Ship with twenty Oars in time of War, if required. The _Reddendum_ runs, for the provision of "Unam navem viginti Remorum, si petatur, tempore Belli, &c."[286]

[286] Nisbet, Armories, p. 203.

By Marriage, this Lordship, after many generations, came into the Family of Campbell, then Earl of Argyle; but, in process of time, the Flames issuing from the Ship have been extinguished.

This was not an uncommon Armorial Appendage to other Feudal Lords, and Lordships similarly situated.

Thus the Arms of the Isle of Arran are, "Argent, a Ship, with its Sails furled, Sable."

The Earls of Orkney and Caithness have the Bearing of a Ship for the like reason; being Lordships, or Feudal Earldoms, situate on the Coast; but with Differences.

The Earl of Orkney (and from thence the Earl of Caithness) bears a Ship of a more modern form, with three Masts; but it has the honour of being within a double Tressure, counter-fleured, to shew its connexion with Royalty.

DRUMMOND

carries, "Or, Three Bars wavy Gules." This simple Bearing, we are told, involves a Piece of History; for that an Hungarian Gentleman, of the name of Maurice, in the Reign of Malcolm III. had the command of a Ship in which Edgar Atheline, his Mother Agatha, and his Sisters Margaret and Christian, were embarked, in their return from England to Hungary. A Storm arose, and drove them on the Coast of Scotland, where they were landed in the Frith of Forth, and entertained by the King, who afterwards married Margaret. This Maurice so ingratiated himself with King Malcolm, that he was solicited by the King to settle in Scotland, which he did, and had grants of many Lands; and particularly those at Drymen or Drummond, of which last he took the name. Drummond, as we must now call him, was afterwards appointed Seneschal of Lenox; and the King assigned him the above Arms, alluding to his original Profession of a Naval Officer, and in memory of his having conducted the then Queen safe through the Storm into the Port in Scotland[287].

[287] Douglas's Peerage, p. 547. The Scottish Writers give different
Derivations of the Name of Drummond, not to our present purpose;
though all seem to agree as to the reason of the Armorial Bearing of
the Family. See the Works of Drummond of Hawthornden.

SETON EARL OF WINTON.

The Paternal Arms of Seton, afterwards Earls of Winton, were _Crescents_, for which no particular reason appears: but the Lords of Seton have for some hundreds of years carried, "Or, a Sword erected in pale, supporting an Imperial Crown Proper, betwixt Three Crescents within a Double Tressure, counter-fleured, Gules." This honourable Augmentation was granted by Robert the Bruce to his Nephew Sir Alexander Seton, of that Ilk, for the special and seasonable services performed by him and his Father Sir Christopher to that Monarch during the time of his troubles. Sir Christopher Seton, it seems, had lost two Estates of great value, one in Scotland, the other in England, together with his Life, in the Service of his King and Country; upon which account King Robert (whose Sister, Christian Bruce, Sir Christopher had married), when he had overcome his Enemies, restored his Nephew, Sir Alexander Seton, to the Lands in Scotland which his Father had lost, though he could not re-possess him of the English Estate; granted the Augmentation of the _Sword and Crown_ to his Paternal Coat-Armour, to perpetuate their gallant Actions; and added the Double Tressure, which at that time was given to none but such as had married, or were descended from, Daughters of the Blood-Royal[288]. One branch of the Family, _viz._ Sir Alexander Seton of Pitwedden (at one time a Lord of Session), upon the event of the death of his Father, who, in the Reign of King Charles I. (during the Civil Commotions) was killed by a Shot from the King's Enemies, with a Banner in his hand, assumed the Armorial Bearing of "An Heart distilling Drops of Blood[289]."

[288] Nisbet, Cadencies, p. 191.

[289] Ibid. p. 200.

These, my Lord, I offer in the line of _Nobility_, as Historical Bearings; but many may likewise be found among the _Gentry_, who have Armorial Devices allusive to gallant actions, high employments, or other honourable circumstances.

Of those, the few that follow, most easily occur, from the works of that laborious Herald, Mr. Alexander Nisbet.

GRAHAM

of Inchbrackie, descended of an eldest Son, of a second Marriage, of the first Earl of Montrose, gives, "Or, a Dyke [or Wall] fess-wise, Azure, broken down in several parts, &c." The Dyke there is assumed, to difference the Bearer from his Chief, and to perpetuate that action of Gramus (one of the Predecessors of the noble Family of Graham) in pulling down the Wall [anno 420] built by the Roman Emperor Severus, which was thereafter called "Graham's Dyke."

N. B. By the Dyke the Scots seem to mean the Wall, _i.e._ the Vallum, which is formed out of the Dyke.

CLARK

of Pennycuik. Sir John Clark, of Pennycuik, had this Motto, "Free for a Blast," which is explained in part by the Crest, which is a Man blowing a Horn: but for both the Crest itself, and the Motto, we must look into the Tenure of the Estate, which they derived, most probably by Marriage, from the Pennycuiks of that Ilk, an old Family in Mid-Lothian, who bore "Or, a Fess between Three Hunting Horns Sable, stringed Gules;" and, by the ancient Tenure of their Lands, were obliged, once a year, to attend in the Forest of Drumsleich, since called Barrowmuir, to give a Blast of a Horn at the King's Hunting.

The _Clarks_, holding by the same Tenure, preserved the Motto.

KIRKPATRICK,

who gave the last Blow to Cummin, supposed to have been slain, cried out, "Lest he should not be quite dead, _I will secure him_," and stabbed him with his Dagger. Hence the Family took the Crest of "A Hand holding a Dagger in Pale, distilling Drops of Blood;" and with the Motto "I'll make sicker (sure);" or, "I'll make sure."[290]