Chapter XXI: Introduction (16)

Padua, 227
Paradise (_see also_ Eden), Earthly, 285, 295, 344, 345, 353,
366, 373, 385, 390, _n._391, _n._399, 401, 482
Paradise Lost, 210
Parallax, 153, 191
Paris, 158, 201, 204;
University, 154, 228, 241, 242
Parmenides, _n._76, 428
Parsis, 127
Pekin, 114, 116
Pericles, _n._61
Perigee, 23, 119, 148, 150, 448-51
Persia, 209
Petrarch, _n._332
Phaëton, 303, 333
“Phainomena,” of Aratus, 32, 35
Philolaus, 70, 85, 431
Philosophy, 255, 281, 314, 315, 346
Phœnicians, 25, 56
Phosphor, 68, 80
Piccarda, 300
Pietro d’ Abano, 342
Pinches, T. C., 48
Pisces (_see also_ Fishes), 32, 129, 138, 290, 295, 307, 309, 359,
360, 368, 370, 373, _n._380, 383, 385, _n._399,
403, 406, 407, 410, 411, 418, 420, 423, 494-95
Planets, defined, 16, 45, 52, 58, 60, 63, 65, 68, 70, 79, 219, 254,
257, 269, 279, 289, 307 _et seq._, 312,
_n._399, 419, 461, 466, 468, 488, 494-95
” aspects of, 200, 476
” astrology and, 173-4, 211, 219, 243, 249, 405
” distances of, 150, 189, 194
” houses of, 174, 476, _n._473
” influences of, 254, 472, 473, 474
” movements of, 15, 16, 29, 44, 58, 68, 69, 70, 79, 80,
88-90, 104, 118, 123, 138, 159, 248, 312,
330, 331
” names of, 80, 83
” nature of, 461
” periods of, 23, 29, 69, 83, 89, 91, 100, 109,
141, 219, 313, 436
” positions of, 402 _et seq._, 419
” shadows cast by, _n._280
” varying velocity of, 94, _n._94
” and the sciences, 312
Plato, 80 _et seq._, 85, 91, 98, 101, 104, 159, 217, 238,
239, 313, 431, 444, 462, 479, 482, 483
Pleiades, 28, 29, 35, 40, 52, 155
” and Australian legend, 28
” ” Tahitan natives, 28
Pliny, 50, 123, 170, 342
Plunkett, Miss, 34
Plutarch, 85, 107, 137, 463
Pole, celestial, 12, 18, 51, 65, 105, 157, 185, 186, 187, 286,
287, 289, 297, 302, 323, 335, 434, 439, 477;
north, 373;
south, 286, 292, 293, 335, 373, 378, 489
” terrestrial, 247, 322;
north, 323, 370;
south, 323
Pole star, 9, 67, 127, 291, 323
Popes, 276, 316;
Boniface VIII., 415, 416;
Gregory IX., 213;
Honorarius II., 214;
Urban IV., 318, 413
Poseidonius, 134, 157, 170, 240
Precession of Equinoxes, _see_ Equinox
Prickard, _n._463
Primum Mobile, 194, 204, 210, 299, _n._232, 291, 308, 313, 381,
400, 401, 432-434, 436, 440, 451, 455, 456, 477, 484
Proclus, 170
Proctor, R. A., _n.24_, 34, 35
Procyon, 155, 187
Ptolemy, 5, 24 _n.24 n._34, 134 _et seq._, 154,
156, 160, 163, 170, 178, 182, 186, 202, 209, 210, 218,
242, 245, 261, 275, 288, 290, 291, 305, 333, 350
” Almagest, 113, 115, 123, 182, 184, 201
” dimensions of earth, 182;
of heavenly bodies, 191
” geography of, 157, 205, 337, 341
” quoted, 134
” system of, 381, 431, 432, 491
” ” ” epicycles, 256, 315
” works by, 156, 157, 182
” and Apollonius, 118
” ” Aristarchus, 107
” ” Arabs, 147, 152, 183, 188, 192-4
” ” colure, 403
” ” Dante, 232, 235, 239, 459, 468
” ” eclipses, 338;
and ecliptic, 185
” ” Hipparchus, 126, 133, 143, 146
” ” moon, 146, 448, 449
” ” precession, 187, 193, 432
” ” Regulus, 406
” ” stars, 292, 294, 339
” ” Venus, 315
Ptolemy Philadelphus, 144
” Ptolemies, Royal, 113
Purgatory, 105, 205, 295, 345, 360, 367, 370, 372, 373,
390, 401, 407, 453, 454
” gate of, 362, 380, 385, 453
” latitude of, 286, 353, 387
” Mountain of, 105, 262, 286, 295, 311, 312, 332-5, 353,
360 _et seq._, 373, 375, 378, 381, 382,
385, 386, 388, 390, 452, 453, 455
Pyramids, 45, 81, 127
Pythagoras, 66 _et seq._, 236, 238, 302, 431
Pythagoreans, 62, 66 _et seq._, 75, _n._76, 79, 85, 88,
91, 96, 100, 101, 102, 104, 110, 111, 304, 490

Quadrivium, 177
‘Quæstio de Aqua et Terra,’ 256, 258, 340, 444, 452

Ram (_see_ Aries), 279
Ravenna, _n._227, 273
Regulus, 43, 144, 155, 187, 290, 406, 411, 420
Retrograde Motion, 16
Rhodes, 67, 122, 134, 158
Rigel, 155
Ristoro, 217, 241 _et seq._, 257, 268, 274, 292, 288, 300,
328, 329, 444, _n._451, 464, _n._478
” and comet, 318;
constellations, 443, 451;
eclipses, 317;
ecliptic, 331;
habitable earth, 446;
meteors, 319
Rizzacasa d’Orsogna, Prof., 400
Rome, 111, 157, 241, 316, 319, 323, 345, 383, 385, 396, 415
” Church of, influence on astronomy, 175, 178
” Empire of, 262;
influence on astronomy, 138, 167, 172, 178
Rome, and calendar, 172, 175
Rubruquis, Friar, 342

Sacrobosco, 202, 249
Sagittarius, 279, 281, 290, 380, 383, 385
St. Bernard, 312, 354, 401
St. John, 282, 317
St. Louis, King, 342
St. Paul, 32, 483
St. Peter, 396, 468
Salimbene, 212
Saracens, 214
Sardinia, 344, 364, 383, 384
Saturn, 16, 23, 69, 91, 105, 109, 120, 141, 169, 189, 279, 281,
311, 364, 389, 393, _n._398, 406, 407, 410, 411, 417,
420, 422, 423, 450, 456, 468, 469, 490
” dimensions, 488;
movements, 311;
period, 436
Scales, _see_ Libra
Scartazzini, 379, _n._455
Schiaparelli, _n._35, _n._39, _n._236
Schwary, 34
Scipio, 168-69, 393;
Dream of, 168, 237
Scorpio, 30, 31, 43, 365, 378, 379, 380, 383, 384, 385,
387, 405, 476, 489
Seleucus, 110
Seneca, 66, 169, 174, 237, 239, 342, 473;
and meteors, 319
Shakespear, 456
Sheol, 46
Sigieri, 228
Simplicius, 90, 170
Sirius, 39, 52, 67, 115, 155, 187
Socrates, 82, 83, 239
Solstice, definition of, 11, 26, 29, 107, 117, 127, 185, 277, 394
Sordello, 378, 382
Sosigines, 171
Southern Cross, 12, 156, 294
Spain, 339-42, 388
Spheres, 9, 57, 58, 62, 65, 68, 83, 84, 104, 137, 169, 184, 187,
204, 219, 249, 254, 257, 262, 302, 358, 392, 393,
_n._399, 429 _et seq._, 444, 452, 457,
473, 478, 418
” crystalline, 433
” eighth sphere, 466
” elevating power of, 443
” homocentric, 112
” influence of, 239, 249, 254, 478, 479, 485, 488, 494
” movement of, 395, 400, 453
” movers of, 106, 159, 204, 254, 400, 482, 483, 484, 496
” music of, 67, 68, 104, 169, 302, 392, 455, 456
” ninth, 432-3
” sky as a, 51
” substance of, 95, 104, 193, 433, 461
” ‘unrolling,’ 95, 102, 106
” of air, 442, 452
” of Eudoxus, 88, 89, 94, 106, 107, 112
” of fire, 103, 159, 308, 392, 442, 453, 455, 490
” of moon, 103, 308, 477
” of sun, 88, 93, 253
” of stars, 13, 67, 70, 72, 89, 94, 95, 96, 109, 129, 137,
152, 160, 187, 253, 313, 356, 433, 437, 438,
456, 476, 477
” of water, 442, 443
” and Arabs, 194
” ” Roger Bacon, 118, 202
” ” time, 401
Spica, 124-6, 130, 155
Stars, 219, 283 _et seq._, 489, 402, 493-94
” brightness of, 123, 154, 187
” catalogues, 123, 133, 144, 154, 187, 288;
Abu Hazan’s, 184;
Hipparchus’, 188;
Ptolemy’s, 187
” Dante’s ‘quindici stelle,’ 155
” dimensions of, 190, 488
” globes, 115
” distance of, 17, 108, 153, _n._190, 488, 492-93
” influence of, 211, 254, 256, 443, 450, 473, 475,
478, 479, 488
” magnitudes of, 154, 187, 188, 234, 289, 299, 488;
first-magnitude, 154, 187
” movements of, 9, 51, 52, 83, 84, 86, 97, 136, 187, 284, 286,
287, 289, 301, 354, 424, 495, 496
” new, 123
” number of, 123, 187, 288, 477, 495
” Pole, 291, 299
” positions of, 42, 123, 126, 193
” shooting, 103, 185, 262, 301, 319, 487, 490
” southern, 283, 293, 373, 378, 489
” substance of, 103, 104, 136
” worship of, 37, 38, 51
” and human souls, 86
” ” Milky Way, 103
” ” time, 257, 285, 289, 367, 488
Stationary points, 16, 44, 121
Statius, 385-7, 453
Stilbon, 80
Stoics, 112, 134, 463
Stobæus, 107
Stonehenge, 29
Strabo, 170, 240
Styx, 54
Sumerians, 36, 38;
year, 38
Sun, boat of, 45, 46
” brightness of, 270, 282, 462, 477, 488, 469
” centre of universe, 101, 110
” dimensions of, 56, 110, 146, 153, 188, 457-8, 469, 488, 491
” distance of, 108, 146, 153, 189, 193, 457-8
” door of, 46
” god, 37, 48, 54
” heaven of, _see_ Heavens
” Lake of, 54
” movements of, 10, 13, 39, 53, 55, 62, 115, 116, 120, 145, 146,
185, 187, 247, 256, 272-4, 276, 322 _et seq._,
338, 346, 349, 390-2, 402, 403
” perigee of, 448
” period of, 436
” positions of, during Vision, 402 _et seq._
” rise, 10, 13, 14, 25, 28, 54, 267, 270, 271, 273, 339, 346,
348, 356, _n._356, 406
” rise in Forest, 354, 358, 367, 369
” ” in Purgatory, 271, 360, 362, 363, 364, 366,
374, 385, 389, 406
” set, 10, 13, 14, 48, 253, 262, 271, 273, 279, 280, 282, 294,
339, _n._336, 350, 356, 383, 385
” ” in Purgatory, 271, 361, 363 to 366, 378, 382, 388
” source of all light, 470, 477, 488
” worship of, 25, 37, 45
” and astrology, 173, 473, 477
” ” comets, 103
” ” Dante, 267, 270 _et seq._
” ” stars, 254, 470, 477
” ” time, 219, 254, 257, 349, 367, 372, 488
Sundial, 27, 115, 158, 182, 192, 219
Syene, 117, 156
Sylvester II., 203
Synodic revolution, 22, 30
‘Syntaxis’ (_see_ Almagest), _n._125,
136, 157, 182, 193, 209

Tabit ben Korrah, 194
Tables:—
” Alfonsine, 195, 202, 203, 242, 275, 341;
astronomical, 203, 242, 245;
Greek, 117;
Hakemite, 183;
Toledo, 184, _n._202, 421
” of constellations, 31, 154;
Days of the Vision, and positions of sun, etc., 425;
Ptolemy’s first-magnitude stars, 155;
planetary distances and dimensions, 189;
positions of sun and moon, 190;
planetary periods, 91, 436;
planets in zodiac, 325;
revolutions of sun, moon, and planets, 22, 23;
time references in the Divine Comedy, 358-66
Tartarus, 54
Taurus, _n._35, 43, _n._43, 144, 148, 149,
365, 387, 399, 403, 410, 422
“Tesoretto,” 226, 242
“Tetrabiblios,” 156, 233, 234
Thales, 50, 55 _et seq._, 60, 61, _n._76, 98, 238, 239, 297
Theon of Alexandria, 163
Theon of Smyrna, 135, 144
Tides, 134, 257, 445
Tierce, 220, 347, 348, 372
Timæus, 82, 101, 238
Time, measurement of, 25, 47, 84, 86, 161, 162, 170, 186
Thule, 157
Timocharis, 124, 125, 144
Toledo, 202, 213
” tables of, 184, _n._202, 421
Toynbee, Paget, _n._225, _n._236, _n._241, _n._417,
_n._437, _n._464
Tozer, H. F., _n._476
Trepidation, 194, _n._232-3
“Trèsor, Li Louvres dou,” 218, 226, 243
Trigonometry, spherical, 113, 123, 153, 183;
invention of, 133
Trivium and Quadrivium, 177, 261, 312
Twins, _see also_ Gemini, 279, 400
Tycho Brahè, 120

Ulysses, 51, 52, 292, 335, 340, 370, 395
Universe (_see_ Cosmogonies), 97;
dimensions, 390, 459;
of Dante, 257, 258, 353 _et seq._, 489
Universities, Bologna, 199, 216, 226, 227, 241, 478;
mediæval, 199 _et seq._;
Naples 240;
Padua, 227;
Paris, 199, 213, 228, 241;
Oxford, 199, 213;
Rome, 241
Ur, 37
Urban IV., 201
Ursa, Major, (_see also_ Bear, and Wain), 234,
295 _et seq._, 322, 368
” Minor, 234, 297, _n._299

Varaha Mihira, _n._111
Vega, 155, 187
Venturi, 453
Venus, 3, 15, 17, 23, 69, 80, 90, 93, 109, 112, 121, 144, 150, 169,
279, 281, 286, 300, 307, 309, 314, 373, 389, _n._399,
406-11, 418-25, 481-66
” dimensions, 488
” distance, 458 _et seq._
” goddess of, 38
” movements of, 314, 315, 435, 477
” movers of, 483
” phases of, 492
” period of, 314, 315, 436
” and astrology, 173, 189, 472, 477
” as evening star, 52, 142
” as morning star, 15, 52, 64, 68, 142
Verona, 226, 256, 444
Vespers, 219, 348
Villani, 213, 223, 226, 319
Virgil, 167, 168, 239, 271, 328, 374, 381, 441
” quoted, 173, 279
” works of, 238
” as guide, 286, 354, 367, 371, 387, 409, 481
” and sun, 271, 333, 381, 392
Virgin, Virgo, 12, 32, 124, 141, 144, 290, 384, 418
Vision, date of Dante’s, 357, 407 _et seq._;
duration of 354-7, 401
‘Vita Nuova,’ 253, 257, 411, 432

Wain, The (_see also_ Bear), 293, 295, 359, 368, 373
Wellhausen, _n._39
Wicksteed, P. H., _n._277, 306, 447
World-soul, 98, 159

Xenophanes, 98

Yaou, Emperor, 29;
Canon of, 38
Year, 253;
definition of, 23
” Arab, 39;
Babylonian, 40, 128, 161;
Chinese, 38;
Egyptian, 39, 45;
Hebrew, 39;
Greek, 161, 162, _n._172;
Mahomedan, 39;
Persian, 313;
Roman, 170;
Sumerian, 38
” civil, 22;
luni-solar, 38, 39, 93;
lunar, 39;
sidereal, 22, 128;
solar, 22, 56, 128, 163;
tropical, 22, 129, 161, 162, 171, 193, 274, 275
” leap, 171, 276
” length of, 187, 274
” and Hipparchus, 128, 135

Ziggurat, 37
Zodiac, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 23, 28, 30, 31, 43, _n._43,
69, 119, 143, 185, 265, 272, 278, 280, 289, 300, 309, 311,
333, 349, 382, 384, 402, 405, 448, 470, 488
” age of, 34
” Chinese and Hindu, 29, 30
” constellations of, 31, 42, 43, 47, 129, 219, 248,
290, 356, 368, 402, 476
” lunar, 30
” signs of, 129, 174, 185, 186, 245, 329,
356, 368, 379, 383, 402
” sun in, 276, 282
” and months, 276, 281, 282
Zodiacal revolutions, 23
Zoroaster, 218