Chapter VII: The Scientific Spirit

[432] To Scott, June 6, 1863, _More Letters_, vol. II, p. 323.

[433] To Huxley, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 125.

[434] Hooker on Darwin, _Life_, vol. I, p. 315.

[435] To Huxley, July 20, 1860, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 158.

[436] To Günther, May 15, 1870, _Life_, vol. II, p. 303.

[437] To Dohrn, January 4, 1870, _More Letters_, vol. II, p. 444.

[438] _Science and the Modern World_, p. 255.

[439] Article by J. E. Harry, on the _Helena_ of Euripides, in _Journal of American Philology_, October, 1925, vol. XLVI, p. 332.

[440] Speech at Royal Society Anniversary Dinner, 1894, Huxley, _Life_, vol. II, p. 413.

[441] To Hooker, July 28, 1868, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 305.

[442] To Farrar, August 28, 1881, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 394.

[443] To Hooker, March 3, 1860, _Life_, vol. II, p. 85.

[444] To Lubbock, November 12, 1859, _Life_, vol. II, p. 14.

[445] To Carpenter, November 19, 1859, _Life_, vol. II, p. 19.

[446] To Madame d’Epinay, July 6, 1766, _Correspondance de Voltaire_ (edition 1881), vol. XII, p. 329.

[447] To Hooker, 1856, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 90.

[448] To Wiesner, October 25, 1881, _Life_, vol. II, p. 508.

[449] To Bentham, November 25, 1869, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 379.

[450] To Wilson, March 5, 1879, _More Letters_, vol. II, p. 422.

[451] Darwin to Wallace, August 8, 1872, _Life_, vol. II, p. 348.

[452] Vallery-Radot, _Pasteur_, p. 22.

[453] To Henslow, April 1, 1848, _More Letters_, vol. I, p. 61.

[454] _Portraits Littéraires_, vol. III, p. 546.

[455] _Port-Royal_, vol. I, p. 55.

[456] _Causeries du Lundi_, vol. II, p. 268.

[457] _Portraits Contemporains_ (1882), vol. V, p. 461.

[458] _Portraits Littéraires_, vol. III, p. 543.

[459] _Portraits Contemporains_ (1882), vol. V, p. 465.

[460] _Portraits Contemporains_ (1882), vol. V, p. 464.

[461] _Portraits Littéraires_, vol. III, p. 543.

[462] _Journal des Goncourts_, vol. II, p. 134.

[463] _Conversations with Eckermann_, quoted in William James, _Varieties of Religious Experience_, p. 137.

[464] _Port-Royal_, vol. VI, p. 245.

[465] To Helvetius, January 5, 1740, _Correspondance_ (edition 1881), vol. III, p. 356.

[466] Quoted by Sainte-Beuve, _Causeries du Lundi_, vol. VII, p. 47.

[467] _Tristram Shandy_, Book VII, chapter XXXIII.

[468] _Maximen und Reflexionen_, chapter III.

[469] _Journal de Henri Frédéric Amiel_, vol. I, p. 129.

[470] _Discoveries_, in Jonson’s Works (edition Cunningham), vol. III, p. 401.

[471] _Homeric Epigrams_ (edition Baumeister), V.

INDEX

Abstemiousness, D.’s, 182.

Accuracy, D. and, in observation, 21; in statement, 22, 23; mathematical, and instruments, 24; his hobby, 59.

Achievement, motives, 96-99; D.’s attitude, 99-101.

Adams, Henry, effect of evolution on, 242.

Æsthetics, observation in, 11; D.’s attitude, 137; effect of scientific spirit, 272, 275.

Agassiz, Alexander, on D.’s coral-reef theory, 65; on D. and candor, 105.

Agassiz, Louis, and evolution, 103.

Agnosticism, as dogma, 283, 284.

Agriculture, revolution, 11.

Ambition, as trait, D. on it, 96.

Amiel, H. F., self-dissection, 280.

Animals, D.’s love, 135, 188.

Appearance, D.’s, 168.

Appreciation, D.’s trait, 79, 80; element in scientific spirit, 263.

Architecture, D.’s attitude, 139.

Ardor, element in scientific spirit, 264.

Argument, D.’s attitude, 74.

Aristotle, on experiment, 56; and evolution, 84.

Arnold, Matthew, on Goethe, 271.

Art, D.’s attitude, 138-40; evolution and realism, 225.

Barnacles, D.’s study, 26.

Bates, H. W., and nature, 12.

_Beagle_, D.’s voyage, 4.

Bell, Thomas, and D., 173.

Bergson, Henri, and evolution, 235.

Bryce, Lord, on D. and Gladstone, 133; on D.’s appearance, 168.

Buckle, H. T., D. on, 143.

Buffon, Comte de, and evolution, 84, 119.

Burbank, Luther, and experiment, 57; and future life, 228.

Butler, Samuel, D.’s controversy, 108; and religion and evolution, 237.

Byron, Lord, and nature, 152.

Candor, D.’s trait, 77-79, 105.

Castle, W. E., on experiment, 57.

Caution, element in scientific spirit, 245. _See also_ Deduction.

Chambers, Robert, and evolution, 84.

Children. _See_ Family.

Civil War, D.’s interest, 134.

Collecting, D. and, 43.

Comparison, D.’s trait, 31.

Conklin, E. G., on natural selection, 125; on evolution and religion, 239.

Conscience, activity of D.’s, 160.

Controversy, over evolution, 6; D.’s attitude, 76, 77, 107.

Conversation, D.’s, 170.

Coolidge, Calvin, on politics and religion, 222.

Copernicus, and orthodoxy, 209.

Coral reefs, D.’s theory, 64-66.

Correspondence, character of D.’s, 78, 145.

Cowper, William, and nature, 149, 150.

Creation, desire, 98.

Criticism, D.’s attitude, 104-17.

Cruelty, D.’s hatred, 135.

Curiosity, element of scientific spirit, 248, 249; Sainte-Beuve and Goethe and, 268, 270.

Darwin, Charles R., influence, 3; character, 3; birth, 3; ancestry, 3; education, 4, 45; interest in outdoor life and sport, 4, 174-76; _Beagle_ voyage, 4, 14; marriage, home and children, family life, 4, 196-201; invalidism, patience, 5, 36, 177-83, 193-95; tomb, 6; scientific observation, on it, 6, 14-16; and self-analysis, 16; study of expression, 17-19, 198; promotion of observation by others, 19, 23; accuracy, 21-24, 59; and detail, 25; industry and patience, 27-30, 252; system, 30, 31, 183; element of comparison, 31; difficulties and discomforts of outdoor observation, 32-34; sympathy, and observation, 34-36; effect of physical limitations, 36, 37; and collecting, 43; and observation and deduction, 44-46, 250; on Spencer, 47, 78; and deduction and induction, 46-48; mental power and activity, 48; control over theorizing, 51, 54, 55, 115, 124; on excessive theorizing, 52, 53, 254; and experiment, 56-62; exposition, style, caution, 62-64, 143-45, 212; on coral reefs, 64-66; on sexual selection, 66, 67; on pangenesis, 68; and metaphysics, 69; doubt and self-criticism, 70, 71; and objections and difficulties, 71, 72, 113-15; and revision, 73, 118; and argument, 74-76; and controversy, 76, 107; and mistakes, 77; candor, 77-79, 105; as correspondent, 78, 145; appreciation and tolerance, 79, 80, 262, 263; and ignorance and deceptive reasoning, 80-82; and motives of achievement, 99-101; Butler controversy, 108; humility, 110, 258, 260; success of books, 122; fame, 126; atrophy of other interests, 128-30, 272, 275; and history, 130, 131; and politics, 131-34; and Civil War, 134; and slavery, 134; and animals, hatred of cruelty, 135, 188; and vivisection, 136; and social questions, 136, 137; and æsthetics, 137-40; and music, 140-42; and fiction, 145; and poetry, 146-48; and natural beauty, 148, 153-56; and religion and conscience, 156-63; personal appearance, 168; hospitality, 169; conversation, 170-72; fun, 172; and society, 173, 178; humanity, 176; abstemiousness and indulgence, 182; regimen, 183; finances, 184-86; generosity, 186; manner and temperament, 188; and his father, 190; as fiancé, 190-92; as husband, wife’s care, 192-94; friendship and services, 201-07; impartiality, 256; on scientific ardor, 264; on love of truth, 266. _See also_ Evolution.

Darwin, Emma (Wedgwood), 4; and theater, 139; and D.’s religious attitude, 157; D. as fiancé, 190-92, and as husband, 192; as wife, and D.’s invalidism, 193-96; and D.’s theories, 218.

Darwin, Erasmus, 4; and evolution, 84, 85; controversy over biography, 108.

Deduction, observation and, 44-46; and induction, 46-48; D.’s attitude, 46, 47; D.’s power, 48-50, 69; his control over it, 51, 54, 55, 115, 124; D. on excessive, 52, 53; types of thinkers, 53-55; experiment and, 55; D. and experiment, 56-62; D. and exposition, 62-64; illustrations of his theorizing, 64-69; D. and doubt, 70, 71; D. and objections, 71, 72; his trait of revision, 73; D. and arguments, 74-77; D. and mistakes, 77; D. and deception in reason, 80-82, 115. _See also_ Observation; Scientific spirit.

Democracy, evolution and, 223.

Details, D. and, 25.

De Vries, Hugo, imitation theory, 124.

Discipline, D. and his children, 197.

Doubt, value, 70; in D.’s logical processes, 70, 71; aspects of agnosticism, 203-05. _See also_ Religion.

Drink, D. and, 182.

Earthworms, D.’s study, 21, 42, 151.

Education, D.’s, 4; training in deduction, 45.

Eliot, C. W., effect of evolution on, 246.

Emerson, R. W., on evolution, 42, 234; and nature, 151.

Empedocles, and evolution, 84.

Ethics, D. and morality, 160; and evolution, 213-15, 219, 222, 231.

Evolution, idea and D.’s explanation of process, 4; controversy, 6; acceptance of principle, 6, 121, 125; effect on study of natural history, 40-43; as term, 83; before Darwin, 83-85, 101, 233; theory of inheritance of acquired characters, D. and, 85, 87; D. and predecessors, 85-88; beginning of D.’s interest, 88; his development of theory of natural selection, 89-91; his statement of theory, 91; his realization of influence of theory, 92, 209-13; his years of study and experiment, 92, 93; Wallace and presentation of theory, 93, 94; D. and Wallace, 94, 95; _Origin of Species_, its effect, 96; D.’s attitude toward, as achievement, 99-101, 122-24; attacks by scientists, 102; religious attacks, 103; D. and attacks, 104-08; D. and other workers, 109; D. and difficulties, 111-17; D.’s revisions, 118; modification of theory, 119-21, 124; promulgators, 121; effect on theology, 209; D.’s caution in statement, 212; D. and ethical standards under theory, 213; D. and effect on belief, 215, 216; D. and belief in God, 216-18; and atheism, 218-20; as typifying scientific influence on life, 221; influence on politics, 222-25; and realism, 225; and hell and heaven, 227; and popular belief in God and worship, 229, 230; and substitute for sin, 231-33; philosophical, 233-35; clerical harmonizing with religion, 236; Fundamentalists and, 237, 282; scientific harmonizing, 237-39; and individualism in religious belief, 239, 240; future adjustment with religion, 240; destructive spiritual effect, 241-47; self-contradictions in reason, 280.

Experiment, D.’s devotion, 5, 56; position, 55; equipment, 57; D.’s thoroughness, 58; impersonality, 58; accuracy, repetition, 59; recording, errors and successes, 61.

Exposition, D.’s power, 62-64; illustrations, 64-69.

Expression, D.’s study, 17-19.

Eye, and evolutionary theory, 112.

Fabre, J. H., and nature, 12.

Fame, as motive of achievement, 96-101.

Family, D. and father’s memory, 190; D. as fiancé, 190-92; husband and wife, 192-96; children, training, 196-201; their assistance, 200.

Farrer, Sir Thomas, on D.’s detailed observation, 26.

Fichte, J. H. von, and evolution, 233.

Fiction, D.’s attitude, 145.

Financial condition, D.’s, 184; his attitude and care, 185; his generosity, 186.

Finney, C. G., on revival, 230.

Fiske, John, and evolution, 122, 241.

France, Anatole, effect of evolution on, 242.

Friendship, D.’s trait, 201, 202; his influence over friends, 202; his dependence, 203; his services to friends, 204-07.

Fun, D.’s trait, 172.

Fundamentalism, attacks on evolution, 103, 282; ethical attitude, 232; theological attitude, 237.

Gautier, Théophile, on observation, 7; as poet, 11.

Generosity, D.’s trait, 186.

George, Henry D. and _Progress and Poverty_, 137.

Gladstone, W. E., and D., 133.

God, D.’s attitude, 164-67; influence of evolution on belief, 216-18, 229; thirst for, 285.

Goethe, J. W. von, on repetitions, 59; on doubt, 70; on mistakes, 77; and evolution, 85; and poetry, 148; on love of truth, 265; and scientific spirit, 270, 271; pessimism, 274; on active ignorance, 279.

Gould, George M., on D.’s invalidism, 180.

Grant Duff, Sir M. E., on D., 182.

Gray, Asa, on D.’s observation, 14; on D. as thinker, 49; relations with D., 110; and evolution, 121, 238.

Häckel, Ernst, and D., 110; and evolution, 122; atheism, 219.

Hartmann, K. R. E. von, and evolution, 233.

Hegel, G. W. F., type, 53; and evolution, 233.

Hell, obsolete, 227.

History, D. and, 130, 131.

Homer, on self-ignorance, 282.

Hooker, Sir Joseph, on Darwin-Wallace paper, 94; and D., 101, 110.

Hospitality, D.’s, 169.

Humanity, and study of natural history, 40-43, 136; Sainte-Beuve’s study, 267, 268.

Humility, D.’s trait, 110; and scientific spirit, 257-61.

Huxley, T. H., on D. and detailed observation, 26; on D.’s industry, 27; and induction, 46; on D.’s mental processes, 62; on D.’s candor, 79; on effect of _Origin of Species_, 96; and Bishop of Oxford’s attack, 103; restraint of D., 108; on D. and adverse suggestions, 115; and promulgation of D.’s theory, 121; on D.’s style, 144; relations with D., 203-05; on influence of D.’s appreciation, 206; and religion, 219; on D.’s impartiality, 256.

Ibsen, Henrik, effect of evolution on, 241.

Ignorance, realization and scientific spirit, 257, 283.

Imagination. _See_ Deduction.

Immortality, D.’s attitude, 163; effect of evolution, 215.

Impartiality, element in scientific spirit, 255; Sainte-Beuve and, 268.

Induction, and deduction, 46-48. _See also_ Deduction.

Industry, D.’s, 27; element in scientific spirit, 251.

Inheritance of acquired characters, Lamarck’s theory, 85, 90; D.’s attitude toward, 87, 119, 120.

Instruments, D.’s faith, 25.

Instinct in practical life, 278, 279.

Interests, absorption and atrophy, 128-30, 272.

Invalidism, D.’s, 5, 36, 177; his attitude toward it, 178, 179, 194; cause, 179-81; Mrs. D.’s care, 193-96.

James, William, and evolution, 234.

Jeffries, Richard, and nature, 12.

Jonson, Ben, on observation, 7; on self-ignorance, 282.

Kingsley, Charles, on evolutionary theory, 121; on D.’s conversation, 171.

Knowledge, and observation, 38-40; and wisdom, 44.

Krause, Ernst, biography of Erasmus Darwin, 108.

Lamarck, Jean de, evolutionary theory, 85, 90, 119, 120; D.’s attitude, 86.

Land question, D. and, 136.

Leibnitz, Baron von, and gravity, 257.

Leopardi, Giacomo, pessimism, 238, 245.

Literature, D.’s attitude, 143, 145-48; D.’s style, 143-45; effect of evolution, 225-27.

Linnæan Society, Darwin-Wallace paper, 94.

Lodge, Sir Oliver, and science and spiritualism, 238.

Love, D.’s valuation, 206. _See also_ Family; Friendship.

Lubbock, Sir John, on debt to D., 202.

Lucretius, type, 54; scientific ardor, 265.

Lyell, Sir Charles, on controversy, 76; and evolution, 84; and D., 101, 110; on D. and ‘remorse,’ 211.

McDougall, William, on inheritance of acquired characters, 85.

Maine de Biran, self-dissection, 280.

Manner, D.’s, 188.

Marriage of cousins, D. and, 136.

Mendel, Gregor, experiments, 124.

Milton, John, D.’s appreciation, 146.

Missing links in evolutionary theory, 113.

Missionaries, D.’s attitude, 159.

Mistakes, D.’s attitude, 77.

Mivart, St. G. J., and evolution and religion, 238.

Montesquieu, on study, 277.

Moody, D. L., absorption of interest, 129; and prayer, 162; and God, 167; and hell and heaven, 227, 228.

Moore, Thomas, on children, 196.

Morality. _See_ Ethics.

Morgan, Lloyd, and evolution, 235.

Music, D.’s attitude, 140-42.

Native, utilitarian and æsthetic observation, 10-13; D. and appreciation, 148, 153-56; elements of enjoyment, 149-53.

Natural selection, D.’s term and theory, 5, 90; modification of theory, 119-21, 124. _See also_ Evolution.

Neuter insects, and evolutionary theory, 113.

Nietzsche, F. W., effect of evolution on, 241.

Norton, C. E., on D., 168, 170.

Objections, in D.’s logical processes, 71.

Observation, D.’s scientific trait, 6, 14, 19-21; as general trait, 6-8; by women, 8; exclusive, 8; of humanity, 9, 267, 268; of nature, change in character, 10; ulterior, 11; æsthetic, 11; delight, 12, 38, 148-54; Thoreau, 13; D.’s comments, 15; D.’s general trait, 16; his study of expression, 17-19; D. and accuracy, 21; accuracy in statement, 22-24; D. and information from others, 19, 23; mathematical, and instruments, 24; detailed, 25; D.’s industry and patience, 27-29; need of patience, 29; system, 30, 31; comparison, 31; difficulties and discomforts, 32-34; and sympathy, 34-36; effect of D.’s physical limitations, 36, 37; knowledge as aid, 38-40; effect of evolution on, 40-43. _See also_ Deduction; Scientific spirit.

_Origin of Species_, publication, effect, 5, 96; exposition, 63; revisions, 73, 118; success, 122.

Osborn, H. F., on D.’s observation, 14; on D. and Lamarck, 87; on D. and criticism, 105; on D.’s change in attitude, 120; on D.’s fame, 124; on D.’s appearance, 168; on ethical effect of evolution, 222.

Owen, Sir Richard, and evolution, 103, 107, 111.

Oxford, Bishop of, attack on evolution, 103.

Pangenesis, D.’s theory, 68.

Parker, G. H., on evolution, 125.

Pascal, Blaise, on man, 275.

Pasteur, Louis, and objections, 72; scientific ardor, 265.

Patience, D.’s, 28; element in scientific spirit, 29, 253.

Pearson, Karl, on D. and imagination, 51.

Pedantry, and scientific spirit, 257.

Perry, R. B., on evolution, 125.

Pessimism, and evolution, 233; Sainte-Beuve’s, 272, 276; Goethe’s, 274.

Philosophy, D. and self-analysis, 16; D. and metaphysics, 69; evolutionary, 233.

Poetry, D.’s attitude, 146-48; Sainte-Beuve and, 268.

Politics, D. and, 131-33; influence of evolution, 222.

Pragmatism, and evolution, 234.

Prayer, D.’s attitude, 161-63.

Primogeniture, D.’s attitude, 136.

Pugnacity, and scientific spirit, 261.

Realism, as fruit of evolution, 225.

Reason, and instinct, 277-79; as agent of scientific spirit, 279; evolutionary contradictions, 280, 282; and attainment of truth, 281. _See also_ Deduction; Scientific spirit.

Religion, D.’s attitude, 156-67; pre-Darwinian theology, 208; and Copernicus’s speculations, 209; theological effect of evolution, 209; D.’s attitude toward effect, 209-13; ethical standards under evolution, 213-15, 219; evolution and belief in future life, 215, 216; and belief in God, 216-18, 229; and democracy, 223; evolution and hell and heaven, 227, 228; fundamentalism, 232, 237, 282; clerical harmonizing with evolution, 236; scientific harmonizing, 237-39; egocentric _versus_ ethnocentric, 239, 240; persistence, 240; thirst for God, 285.

Renan, J. E., effect of evolution on, 241.

Research, element in scientific spirit, 250.

Revision, D.’s trait, 73, 118; element in scientific spirit, 255-57.

Royer-Collard, Paul, on facts, 44.

Ruskin, John, on vision of artists, 11.

St.-Hilaire, Auguste, and evolution, 85.

Sainte-Beuve, C. A., observation of humanity, 9, 267, 268; type, 54; on absorption of interest, 128; and poetry, 148, 268; and scientific spirit, 266-70; concreteness, 269; on Goethe, 271; pessimism and sexual immorality, 272-74, 76.

Schelling, F. W. J. von, and evolution, 233.

Scherer, Edmond, on tolerance, 262; on man, 275.

Schopenhauer, Arthur, and evolution, 233.

Scientific spirit, motives of achievements, 96-101, 248, 249; research, 250; industry, 251-53; patience, 253; caution, 254; flexibility and impartiality, 255; lack of pedantry, 257-59; and human nature, 259, 262; humility, 260; tolerance, 261; and pugnacity, 261; appreciation, 263; ardor, 264; illustrations: Sainte-Beuve, 266-70; Goethe, 270, 271; and spiritual blight, 272-76; inadequacy, 277; and instinctive action, 278, 279; reason as agent, 279; and self-dissection, 279; and self-contradictions, 280; and unattainable truth, 281-83; and ignorance and hope, 283-85. _See also_ Deduction; Observation.

Scott, Sir Walter, industry, 252.

Sedgwick, Adam, and D., 205.

Self-dissection, as betrayal of scientific spirit, 279.

Sénancour, É. P. de, on nature, 153; self-dissection, 280.

Sexual selection, D.’s theory, 66, 67.

Shakespeare, William, vitality, 126; D.’s opinion, 147.

Shaw, G. B., and religion and evolution, 237.

Shelley, P. B., and nature, 152.

Sin, effect of evolution on belief, 231.

Slavery, D.’s antipathy, 134.

Smoking, D. and, 182.

Snuff, D.’s indulgence, 183.

Socialism, and evolution, 224.

Society, D. and, 173, 178.

Spencer, Herbert, and ‘survival of the fittest,’ 5, 91; D. on, 47, 78; type, 54; and universal evolution, 121, 219.

Spinoza, Baruch, type, 53.

Spiritualism, and evolution, 238.

Sport, D.’s attitude, 174-76.

Statement, accuracy, 22-24.

Stephen, Leslie, on D., 169.

Sterne, Laurence, on observation, 7; on doing, 277.

Study. _See_ Observation.

Survival of the fittest. Spencer’s term, 5, 91.

Sympathy, and observation, 34-38.

System, D. and, 30, 183.

Theater, D.’s attitude, 139.

Theology. _See_ Religion.

Thoreau, H. D., and observation of nature, 13; on knowledge as aid to observation, 39; and deduction, 48.

Thrift, self-contradiction, 280.

Tolerance, D.’s trait, 79, 80; element in scientific spirit, 261-63.

Tolstoi, Leo, effect of evolution on, 241.

Torrey, Bradford, on observation, 8.

Truth, instinct as element in scientific spirit, 265, 275; Goethe’s characteristic, 270; unattainable, 281-83; ignorance and hope, 283-85.

Turner, Sir William, on D. and information, 24.

Twain, Mark, effect of evolution on, 243.

Vivisection, D.’s attitude, 136.

Voltaire, and tolerance, 261; on study, 277.

Wallace, A. R., on collecting, 43; and D.’s sexual-selection theory, 66, 67; and presentation of evolutionary theory, 93, 94; relations with D., 94, 95; and spiritualism, 238.

Water cure, D.’s subjection to, 181.

Wedgwood, Emma, Mrs. Darwin, 4.

Weisman, August, on deduction, 70; and evolution, 122, 218.

Wells, H. G., and religion and evolution, 237.

Westminster Abbey, D.’s tomb, 6.

White, Gilbert, and nature, 12.

Whitehead, A. N., on D.’s caution, 125; and evolution, 235, 246; on scientific flexibility, 255.

Wiesner, Julius, courtesy, 262.

Wisdom, and knowledge, 44. _See also_ Deduction.

Wordsworth, William, and nature, 151.

Zola, Émile, as realist, 226, 241.

Transcriber’s Notes

pg 120 Changed: excuses any earlier undue insistance to: excuses any earlier undue insistence

pg 241 Changed: Nietsche grew into the cloudy and colossal phantom to: Nietzsche grew into the cloudy and colossal phantom