Chapter VII

EVIDENCE OF THE DESCENT OF MAN FROM SOME LOWER FORM.

Points of Correspondence between Man and the other Animals 129

The facts of Embryology and the Theory of Development 131

Two Principles that explain the Facts 134

Embryology against Abrupt Changes 135

Rudimentary Organs only to be explained on the Theory of
Development 137

“No other Explanation has ever been given” 139

Unity of Type explained by Relationship 140

Inexplicable on the Ordinary View of Creation 142

Descent with Modification the only Explanation 143

The History of Life on the Theory of Descent with Modification 144

Letters retained in the Spelling but Useless in Pronunciation 146

Man’s Deficiency in Tail 147

Points of Resemblance between Man and Monkey 149

Variability of Man 152

Causes of Variability in Domesticated Man 153

Action of Changed Conditions 155

The Inherited Effects of the Increased and Diminished Use of
Parts 156

Reversion as a Factor in the Development of Man 158

Reversion in the Human Family 160

Prepotence in the Transmission of Character 162

Natural Selection in the Development of Man 163

How Man became upright 165

The Brain enlarges as the Mental Faculties develop 167

Nakedness of the Skin 169

Is Man the most helpless of the Animals? 171

VIII.

MENTAL POWERS OF MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS COMPARED.

Fundamental Intuitions the same in Man and the other Animals 175

Man and the Lower Animals excited by the same Emotions 177

All Animals possess some Power of Reasoning 179

The Power of Association in Dog and Savage 181

The Lower Animals progress in Intelligence 182

The Power of Abstraction 183

The Evolution of Language 185

Development of Languages and Species compared 188

The Sense of Beauty 191

Development of the Ear for Music 192

IX.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE MORAL SENSE.

From the Social Instincts to the Moral Sense 195

Human Sympathy among Animals 197

The Love of Approbation 199

Fellow-Feeling for our Fellow-Animals 200

Development of the Golden Rule 201

Regret peculiar to Man, and why 202

Remorse explained 204

Development of Self-Control 205

Variability of Conscience 207

Progress not an Invariable Rule 209

All Civilized Nations are the Descendants of Barbarians 210

“The Ennobling Belief in God” 213

X.

THE GENEALOGY OF MAN.

Man a Sub-Order 218

The Birthplace of Man 221

Origin of the Vertebrata 224

From no Bone to Backbone 226

Does Mankind consist of Several Species? 228

The Races graduate into each other 229

Was the First Man a Speaking Animal? 231

The Theory of a Single Pair 231

Civilized out of Existence 233