Chapter IV: Part II: Plymouth Reorganizes Financially (2)

[32] To identify John Beauchamp is particularly difficult. Ford has him as the son of Thomas Beauchamp of Cosgrave, Nottinghamshire. Using the same reference cited by him (_Visitation of London, 1633–35_, 59), I read it as Cosgrave, Northamptonshire. His marriage to Alice Freeman, whose brother, Edmund Freeman, acted as Beauchamp’s attorney in Plymouth in 1641, seems to establish him as the right Beauchamp. See Bradford, _History_, ed. Ford, II, 296n. Beaven makes John Beauchamp, Salter, Alderman for Billingsgate Ward in 1651, and gives as his will a reference to a John Beauchamp of the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate Without (Beaven, _Aldermen of London_, II, 75; P.C.C. Hene [1668]), who left as heirs no wife or children, whereas the John Beauchamp connected with Plymouth had several sons and daughters. This will must be that of another man. In 1649 and after, a John Beauchamp of Surrey appeared in the same committees as James Sherley and Edward Winslow, such as those for collecting the army assessment or to sell goods from the estate of Charles I, _A.O.I., 1642–60_, II, 44, 160, 310, 479, 676. See also Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 100, 198, 199, 386n.; Friis, _Alderman Cockayne’s Project_, 110n.; P.R.O., Chancery, C. 3/431/12; _Cal. S. P. Dom._, 1628–29, 285; Harvey, _Inhabitants of London, 1640_, 18; T. C. Dale, transcriber, “Citizens of London, 1641–43,” (London, 1936; typescript, Guildhall Library).

[33] Bradford, “Letter Book,” 34; Goldsmiths’ Company, London, Apprentice Book, I, 1578–1645, 151; Wardens’ Accounts and Court Minutes, vol. P, pt. 1 (1611–17), 76, 198; pt. 2 (1617–24), 189 and _passim_, 76, 77, 79; vol. Q, pt. 1 (1624–29), 79; vol. R, pt. 2 (1631–34), 193, 195, 199, 200, 223, 224, 225; vol. T (1637–39), 185, 186, 189; vol. V (1639–42), 58, 62; vol. unlettered [W] (1642–45), 228, 237. Presumably because he was living in Clapham, James Sherley is not listed among those who paid poll money to the Commissioners. A duty of the prime warden, with his second and third wardens, was to have custody of the plate belonging to the City of London, _ibid._, 238. In 1652 Sherley was appointed with other wardens to prepare an answer to a petition by the freemen of the Company to a committee of Parliament concerning their rights in choosing the wardens, Sir Walter S. Prideaux, _Memorials of the Goldsmiths’ Company_ ... (London, 1896), II, 24.

Of the several James Sherleys who are contemporaries, I have concluded that the James Sherley, third son of Robert Sherley, originally of Wistonston, was the one involved with the Plymouth venture. The other James Sherleys in this family are (1) the eldest son of John Sherley of London, and (2) the elder son of James Sherley, son of Robert. See _Visitation of London, 1633–35_, II, 235–236. It is difficult to determine whether the James Sherley, merchant, who owned houses in London in 1637 is the same, “Returns of Divided Houses in the City of London, 1637,” 208. The one who appeared with Robert Sherley to turn over property to Robert’s daughter, Sara, in 1632 is our man, P.R.O., C. 54/2950; see also _Registers of St. Vedast, Foster Lane_ (Harl. Soc., 1902) 35, for birth of Sara in 1611.

“Foynes” or foins were originally fur of the weasel family, or more generally, furs.

[34] On Sherley’s addresses, Marsden, _Amer. Hist. Rev._, VIII, 301; Plooij, _Pilgrim Fathers from a Dutch Point of View_, 100. Plooij says that London Bridge was his business address and Crooked Lane his “town house.” I have been unable to verify it. Sir Ambrose Heal, _The London Goldsmiths, 1200–1800_ (Cambridge, 1935), 242; Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 287; Acts of Administration, 1657 (Somerset House, London), fol. 242. Sherley’s public appointments, _A.O.I._, I, 730, and II, 14, 310, 479, 676, 1082, 975; also William A. Shaw, _History of the English Church during the Civil Wars and under the Commonwealth_ (London, 1900), II, 434.

P.R.O., E. 134, 22 James I, Mich. 22; P.C.C. 86 Swann (1623); Bradford, “Letter Book,” 68. The ships owned in part by Sherley were the _John and Mary_ and the _Hector_ of London, 220 tons and 250 tons respectively. Sherley refers to sending a letter in the _Mary and John_, very likely the same ship. A vessel of that name brought goods to Boston in 1633 and 1633/34, P.R.O., S.P. 16/17/83 and 16/17/117; _Winthrop Papers_, III, 130, 149; Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 391; _Recs. Mass. Bay_, II, 262. The _Lyon_ sent to Boston in 1632 belonged to Sherley and the other London partners in the “Undertakers”; it was lost on its way to Virginia bearing 800 pounds of beaver as returns, Bradford, _op. cit._, 254–255.

[35] Pearl, _London and the Outbreak_, 126n., 147, 148n., 255n., 265; Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 104, 106; _Cal. S. P., Dom., 1625–26_, 430; _Journal of Sir Simonds d’Ewes_, ed. Wallace Notestein (New Haven, 1923), 77.

[36] In his explanation of the division of the assets and value of a single share, Professor Andrews appears to have applied the terms of the 1627 division to the 1640 list of “purchasers,” _Col. Per. Amer. Hist._, I, 285–286. Goodwin, _Pilgrim Republic_, 292–295, is substantially correct in listing the 156 individuals who shared in the 1627 division of land. The total assets in land prior to division cannot be ascertained. See Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 375, 376, Robinson’s comments; 194, 196, organization of “Undertakers”; 382, 214, cost of bringing over company from Leyden; Bradford, “Letter Book,” 58, 65, Sherley on other partners.

[37] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 94; _idem_, _History_, ed. Ford, I, 268n. gives £400 as total value of the cargo seized; this included some clapboards. The literary result of Morton’s ignominious departure, _The New English Canaan_ (1637), satirizes the “saints” at Plymouth, _ibid._, II, 75–77. Nathaniel C. Hale, _Pelts and Palisades_ (Richmond, Va., 1959) included a lively narrative of Plymouth’s fur trade, showing little interest in its business end and letting by a few inaccuracies. Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, 119, 163, 176, 178; Bradford, “Letter Book,” 36, on amounts collected; _ibid._, 112, 183, on boats.

[38] See Percival Hall Lombard, _The Aptucxet Trading Post_ (Bourne, Mass.: Bourne Historical Soc., 1943) for description of that post. A reconstruction has been erected on the site. On the visit of de Rasieres, Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 202, 203 and App. VI; Bradford, “Letter Book,” 51–55; J. F. Jameson, ed., _Narratives of New Netherland, 1609–1664_ (New York, 1909), 110, 112.

[39] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 200, 215–216, 242, 262, 384–385; Goodwin, _Pilgrim Republic_, 337–340; see text of patent and map in Henry S. Burrage, _The Beginnings of Colonial Maine_ (Portland, 1914), 186–187; money spent for patent, 3 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls._, I, 199.

[40] “Isaac Allerton,” _New Eng. Hist. Gen. Reg._, XLIV, 290–296; Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 202, 198; 3 _Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls._, I, 200; see also Bradford, _History_, ed. Ford, II, opp. 79; _Winthrop Papers_, II, 262, 205, 317, 329, 334–335, and III, 2, 4, 102; Bradford, “Letter Book,” 69.

[41] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 216–217; Bradford, “Letter Book,” 71. Morison reads this “peddle,” _op. cit._, 385.

[42] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 219–220, 386–387, 22, 228; _Winthrop’s Journal_, ed. Hosmer, I, 65, 66. Morison’s note on page 226, by its placement, is confusing in identifying Mr. Peirce’s ship as the _White Angel_. He correctly states further in the note that Peirce was master of the _Lyon_, which arrived in Massachusetts in February 1631, _Winthrop’s Journal_, I, 57.

[43] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 229, 230, 237, 232, 238–244; Thomas Lechford, _Notebook, Archaeologia Americana_, VII (Cambridge, 1885), 189–190, Allerton’s 1639 testimony on the _White Angel_ and _Friendship_.

[44] Allerton appears often in _Winthrop’s Journal_, and in _Winthrop Papers_, II, III; in Plymouth’s tax list and as an official, _Records of Plymouth Colony_, eds. N. B. Shurtleff, _et al._ (Boston, 1855–61), 1, 9, 21, 52. Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 241n., 244, 245, 250–251, 392. “Plymouth Colony, Wills and Inventories” (typescript), 1620–39, 4, 5; 1641–49, 44, for debts to Allerton. Allerton gave permission for his brother-in-law’s debts to be settled first with his other creditors, _Recs. Plymouth Col._, I, 20. _Winthrop Papers_, III, 437, July 1, 1637, Winslow’s remarks. For an estimate less harsh than Bradford’s see Andrews, _Col. Per. Amer. Hist._, I, 288–289, 289n.

[45] Bradford said the beaver yielded 14_s._ to 20_s._ a pound. On one occasion, however, the arrival of “the plimouth merchants great parcel ... brought down the price,” _Winthrop Papers_, III, 150. See also Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 238, 243, 390, 250, Winslow’s refusal to accept the debts of _White Angel_, and Sherley’s reaction; 288–289, quantities of furs, 1631 to 1636; 392, 250, Sherley’s remarks on Allerton; 255n., Peirce’s ship; 287, plague and low prices; _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, XLV, 619–620, Sherley’s doubts as to who sent the furs.

[46] This contradicts Sherley’s letter to Bradford, Sept. 14, 1636, Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 287, 288. The bill of complaint in Chancery and Sherley’s answer are in _Mass. Hist. Soc. Proc._, XLV, 611–623. Minor errors of form in transcription called to my attention by Mrs. A. W. Millard, may be corrected by consulting photostats of the original, P.R.O., C. 2, A/44/43, deposited at Pilgrim Hall, Plymouth, Mass.

[47] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 298, 301, 309, settlement with Andrews and Beauchamp; Andrews’ arrangements, _Winthrop Papers_, IV, 129–131, 257, 437; V, 2–4; Andrews, _Col. Per. Amer. Hist._, I, 370, 370n.; Bradford, _History_, ed. Ford, II, 289n. Morison seems in error in saying the cattle were to go to the “poor of Plymouth.” See _Recs. Mass. Bay_, II, 39, 89.

[48] Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 298, 302, 308–313, 399–402, 415–417; Bradford, _History_, ed. Ford, II, 332n., 294n., 158n., 336n., on Atwood, Collier, and Freeman; _Winthrop Papers_, V, 3, Andrews’ comment. Atwood, owner of a servant and house in Plymouth, was a business correspondent of Sherley, _Recs. Plymouth Col._, I, 12, 47, 48; “Plymouth Colony, Wills and Inventories,” 1641–49, 39. Settlement with Beauchamp, _Recs. Plymouth Col._, XII, 128, 129, 130.

[49] _Recs. Mass. Bay_, II, 39; Bradford, _History_, ed. Ford, II, 333n., paid for Andrews are £490 or £534 9s. See _Aspinwall Notarial Records, 1644–51_ (Boston, 1903), 21, Allerton’s acquittance. On former prosperity and drop in cattle prices, Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 252–253, 310; W. B. Weeden, _Economic and Social History of New England_ (Boston, 1891), I, 165–166; _Winthrop’s Journal_, II, 17, 23, 25. _Recs. Plymouth Col._, XII, 90, 127–132, agreements with Edmund Freeman, Beauchamp’s attorney. Bradford, _Of Plymouth Plantation_, ed. Morison, 428ff., Bradford’s surrender of patent. _Winthrop Papers_, III, 167, on Plymouth’s pre-eminence in fur trade; G. F. Willison, _Saints and Strangers_ (New York, 1945) and Hale, _Pelts and Palisades_, describe the expansion and decline of the fur trade. See “Plymouth Colony, Wills and Inventories,” 1650–59, 105, 110, Bradford’s Kennebec stock; _Recs. Plymouth Col._, I, III, VII, later fur trade and Kennebec.

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Index of Personal Names

Alden, John, 47

Alden [Allden], Robert, 33, 45

Allerton, Isaac, 11, 23, 32, 38, 45, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
57, 58, 59, 71, 77

Altham, Sir Edward, 71

Altham [Alltham], Emmanuel, 29, 31, 33, 34, 71

Andrews, Richard, 25, 33, 37–38, 43, 48, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65,
72, 73, 78

Andrews, Damaris, 72

Andrews, Thomas, 33, 35–36, 37, 38, 72

Anthony, Lawrence, 33

Ashley, Edward, 43, 45, 54, 56

Atwood, John, 63, 64, 78

Bacon, Sir Francis, 70

Bass, Edward, 32, 33

Beauchamp, John, 25, 32, 33, 35, 43, 48, 55, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 74,
78

Beauchamp, Thomas, 74

Blackwell, Francis, 15, 69

Bradford, William, 4, 9, 11, 12, 14, 18, 20, 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31,
42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 54, 56, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 71, 78

Brewer, Thomas, 14, 33, 34, 45

Brewster, William, 12, 13, 14, 47, 56, 69

Browning, Henry, 33

Carver, John, 12, 13, 19, 20, 23, 52, 70

Charles I, 32

Collier, William, 33, 56, 63, 71, 77

Coulson, Christopher, 33, 34, 37, 38, 71, 72, 73

Coventry, Thomas, 33

Cradock, Matthew, 39, 57, 72

Cushman, Robert, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 26, 29, 52, 69,
70

Davenport, John, 40

de Rasieres, Isaack, 50–51, 77

Downing, Emmanuel, 53

Eliot, John, 38

Endecott, [John], 39

Ferrar, John, 20

Ferrar, Nicholas, 20

Fletcher, Thomas, 33

Fowler, John, 25, 69

Freeman, Alice, 74

Freeman, Edmund, 63, 78

Goffe, Thomas, 33, 37, 38

Gorges, Sir Ferdinando, 21

Greene, William, 33, 34, 45, 72

Gudburn, Peter, 33

Harcourt, Robert, 12

Hatherley, Timothy, 33, 54, 55, 57

Heath, Thomas, 33

Hibbins, William, 64

Hobson, William, 33

Holland, Robert, 33

Howland, John, 47

Hudson, Thomas, 33

Humfrey, John, 53

James I, 14

Keane, Benjamin, 41

Keane, George, 71

Keane [Keayne], Robert, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40–41, 71, 73, 74

Knight, Eliza, 33

Knight, John, 33

Knowles, Myles, 33

Ling, John, 33

Lyford, John, 30, 31, 42

Martin, Christopher, 19, 20

Mayhew, Thomas, 38

Millsop, Thomas, 33

Morton, George, 12, 23

Morton, Thomas, 50, 53, 76

Mott, Thomas, 33

Mullins, William, 17

Newbald, Fria., 33

Oldham, John, 30, 31

Peirce, John, 21, 24, 26–28, 33, 39, 41, 42, 70, 71, 72, 77

Peirce, Richard, 27

Peirce, William, 60

Penington, William, 33

Penrin, William, 33

Peter, Hugh, 35, 39, 40, 64

Pickering, Edward, 12, 15–16, 19, 25, 33, 45, 69, 72

Pindar, Sir Paul, 37

Pocock, John, 32, 33, 37, 39, 71, 74

Pory, John, 20

Poynton, Daniel, 33

Prince, Thomas, 47

Quarles, William, 33

Revell, John, 33, 37, 39, 40

Robinson, John, 11, 12, 17, 18, 19, 31, 48

Rookes, Newman, 33

Samoset, 23

Sandys, Sir Edwin, 13, 69

Sharpe, Samuel, 33, 37, 39, 74

Sheffield, Lord, 29

Sherley, James, 4, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 35, 37, 40, 41, 43–45, 48, 49,
51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67,
69, 71, 72, 75, 76

Sherley, John, 44, 75, 78

Sherley, Robert, 44, 75

Smith, John, 13, 16, 32, 33, 70

Squanto, 23, 49

Standish, Miles, 47, 49, 50

Thorned [Thornell], John, 33, 71

Thornhill, Matthew, 33

Tilden, Joseph, 33

Ward, Thomas, 33

Warwick, Earl of [Rich, Sir Robert], 52

Weld, Thomas, 39, 64

Weston, Thomas, 9, 14, 15–17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26, 33, 45, 49, 69, 70,
72

White, John, 33, 34, 37, 41–42

White, John (of Dorchester), 41

Wincob, John, 14

Winslow, Edward, 12, 23, 29, 35, 47, 54, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 69, 75,
77, 78

Winslow, Josiah, 59, 60, 64

Winthrop, John, 37, 38, 40, 42, 53, 58, 63, 64, 66, 71

Winthrop, John, Jr., 39

Wolstenholme, Sir John, 13

Wright, Richard, 33

Transcriber’s Notes

Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in the original book; otherwise they were not changed.

Simple typographical errors were corrected; unbalanced quotation marks were remedied when the change was obvious, and otherwise left unbalanced.

The left-justified layout of the Table of Contents closely matches the layout in the original book.

Footnote 12 is unreferenced (has no anchor).

The index was not checked for proper alphabetization or correct page references.