Chapter VII: Part 7

The museum itself, with its reading-room and collections, is the great attraction, it cannot be denied, of this section of London, and Bloomsbury Square, Torrington Square, Queen's Square, and Mecklenburgh Square, where Dickens lived and wrote much of "Pickwick" in 1837-39, are given over largely to "board-residence" establishments for the visitor, or he who for reasons good and true desires to make his abode in historic old Bloomsbury.

In Dickens' time the region had become the haunt of those who affected science, literature, or art, by reason of the proximity of the British Museum and the newly founded University of London.

The wealthy element, who were not desirous of being classed among the fashionables, were attracted here by its nearness to the open country and Regent's Park. Thus, clustering around Bloomsbury is a whole nucleus of squares; "some comely," says a writer, "some elegant," and all with a middle-class air about them.

Still further west are the aristocratic and exclusive St. James' Square, Berkley, Belgrave, Grosvenor, Manchester, Devonshire, and many more rectangles which are still the possession of the exclusives and pseudo-fashionables. Their histories and their goings-on are lengthy chronicles, and are not within the purpose of this book, hence may be dismissed with mere mention.

The flow of the Thames from west to east through the metropolis has given a general direction to the lines of street; the principal thoroughfares being, in some measure, parallel to the river, with the inferior, or at least shorter, streets branching from them. Intersecting the town lengthwise, or from east to west, are two great leading thoroughfares at a short distance from each other, but gradually diverging at their western extremity. One of these routes begins in the eastern environs, near Blackwall, and extends along Whitechapel, Leadenhall Street, Cornhill, the Poultry, Cheapside, Newgate Street, Holborn, and Oxford Street. The other may be considered as starting at London Bridge, and passing up King William Street into Cheapside, at the western end of which it makes a bend round St. Paul's Churchyard; thence proceeds down Ludgate Hill, along Fleet Street and the Strand to Charing Cross, where it sends a branch off to the left to Whitehall, and another diagonally to the right, up Cockspur Street; this leads forward into Pall Mall, and sends an offshoot up Waterloo Place into Piccadilly, which proceeds westward to Hyde Park Corner. These are the two main lines of the metropolis.

Of recent years two important new thoroughfares have been made, viz., New Cannon Street, extending from London Bridge to St. Paul's Churchyard, and Queen Victoria Street, which, leaving the Mansion House, crosses Cannon Street about its centre, and extends to Blackfriars Bridge. The third main route begins at the Bank, and passes through the City Road and the New Road to Paddington and Westbourne. The New Road here mentioned has been renamed in three sections,--Pentonville Road, from Islington to King's Cross; Euston Road, from King's Cross to Regent's Park; and Marylebone Road, from Regent's Park to Paddington. The main cross-branches in the metropolis are Farringdon Street, leading from Blackfriars Bridge to Holborn, and thence to King's Cross; the Haymarket, leading from Cockspur Street; and Regent Street, running northwesterly in the direction of Regent's Park. Others from the north of Holborn are Tottenham Court Road, parallel to Gower Street, where the Dickenses first lived when they came to London. Gray's Inn Road, near which is Gray's Inn, where Dickens himself was employed as a lawyer's clerk, and Doughty Street, where, at No. 48, can still be seen Dickens' house, as a sign-board on the door announces: "Dickens lived here in 1837." Aldersgate, continued as Goswell Road, connects with Islington and Whitechapel, and Mile End Road leads to Essex.

Such were the few main arteries of traffic in Dickens' day, and even unto the present; the complaint has been that there are not more direct thoroughfares of a suitable width, both lengthwise and crosswise, to cope with the immense and cumbersome traffic of 'bus and dray, to say nothing of carts and cabs.

Nothing is likely to give the stranger a just estimate of the magnitude of this more than will the observance of the excellent police control of the cross traffic, when, in some measure, its volume will be apparent.

It would perhaps be impossible in a work such as this that any one locality could be described with anything like adequate completeness. Certainly one would not hope to cover the ground entire, where every division and subdivision partakes severally of widely different characteristics.

Southwark and the Borough, with its High Street, St. George's Church and Fields, the old Marshalsea--or the memory of it--"The King's Bench" Prison, and "Guy's," are something quite different with respect to manners and customs from Whitechapel or Limehouse.

So, too, are St. Giles' and Pimlico in the west, and Hampstead and Highgate in North London. Since all of these are dealt with elsewhere, to a greater or lesser degree, a few comments on the Whitechapel of Dickens' day must suffice here, and, truth to tell, it has not greatly changed since that time, save for a periodical cleaning up and broadening of the main thoroughfare. It is with more or less contempt and disgust that Whitechapel is commonly recalled to mind. Still, Whitechapel is neither more nor less disreputable than many other localities sustained by a similar strata of society. It serves, however, to illustrate the life of the east end, as contrasted with that of the west of London--the other pole of the social sphere--and is, moreover, peopled by that class which Dickens, in a large measure, incorporated into the novels.

In ancient times Northumberland, Throgmorton, and Crosby were noble names associated therewith. In Dickens' day butchers, it would seem, were the predominate species of humanity, while to-day Jewish "sweat-shops" are in the ascendant, a sufficiently fine distinction to render it recognizable to any dweller in a large city, whatever his nationality.

The fleur-de-lis and royal blazonings are no longer seen, and such good old Anglo-Saxon names as Stiles, Stiggins, and Stodges are effectually obliterated from shop signs. How changed this ancient neighbourhood is from what it must once have been! Crosby Hall, in Bishopsgate Street, not far distant, the _ci-devant_ palace of Richard II., is now a mere eating-house, albeit a very good one. And as for the other noble houses, they have gone the way of all fanes when once encroached upon by the demands of business progress.

Baynard Castle, where Henry VII. received his ambassadors, and in which the crafty Cecil plotted against Lady Jane Grey, almost before the ink was dry with which he had solemnly registered his name to serve her, has long ago been numbered amongst the things that were. The archers of Mile-end, with their chains of gold, have departed: the spot on which the tent stood, where bluff Hal regaled himself after having witnessed their sports, is now covered with mean-looking houses: as one has said, "the poetry of ancient London is well-nigh dead."

The voice of the stream is for ever hushed that went murmuring before the dwellings of our forefathers, along Aldgate and down Fenchurch Street, and past the door of Sir Thomas Gresham's house, in Lombard Street, until it doubled round by the Mansion House and emptied itself into the river. There is still the sound of rushing waters by the Steam-Packet Wharf, at London Bridge; but how different to the "brawling brook" of former days is the "evil odour" which arises from the poisonous sewers of to-day.

And to what have these old-world splendours given place? Splendid gin-shops, plate-glass palaces, into which squalor and misery rush and drown the remembrance of their wretchedness in drowsy and poisonous potations of an inferior quality of liquor. Such splendour and squalor is the very contrast which makes thinking men pause, and pause again.

The Whitechapel butcher was of the old school. He delighted in a blue livery, and wore his "steel" with as much satisfaction as a young ensign does his sword. He neither spurned the worsted leggins nor duck apron; but with bare muscular arms, and knife keen enough to sever the hamstring of a bull, took his stand proudly at the front of his shop, and looked "lovingly" on the well-fed joints above his head. The gutters before his door literally ran with blood: pass by whenever you would, there the crimson current constantly flowed; and the smell the passenger inhaled was not that of "Araby." A "Whitechapel bird" and a "Whitechapel butcher" were once synonymous phrases, used to denote a character the very reverse of a gentleman; but, says a writer of the fifties, "in the manners of the latter we believe there is a great improvement, and that more than one 'knight of the cleaver' who here in the daytime manufacture sheep into mutton chops, keeps his country house."

The viands offered for sale augur well for the strength of the stomachs of the Whitechapel populace. The sheep's trotters look as if they had scarcely had time enough to kick off the dirt before they were potted; and as for the ham, it appears bleached, instead of salted; and to look at the sandwiches, you would think they were anything except what they are called. As for the fried fish, it resembles coarse red sand-paper; and you would sooner think of purchasing a penny-worth to polish the handle of a cricket bat or racket, than of trying its qualities in any other way. The "black puddings" resemble great fossil ammonites, cut up lengthwise. What the "faggots" are made of, which form such a popular dish in this neighbourhood, we have yet to learn. We have heard rumours of chopped lights, liver, suet, and onions as being the components of these dusky dainties; but he must be a daring man who would convince himself by tasting: for our part, it would seem that there was a great mystery to be unravelled before the innumerable strata which form these smoking hillocks will ever be made known. The pork pies which you see in these windows contain no such effeminate morsels as lean meat, but have the appearance of good substantial bladders of lard shoved into a strong crust, and "done brown" in a superheated oven.

Such, crudely, is an impression of certain aspects of "trade" in Whitechapel, but its most characteristic feature outside of the innumerable hawkers of nearly everything under the sun, new or old, which can be sold at a relatively low price, is the famous "Rag Fair," a sort of "old clo's" mart, whose presiding geniuses are invariably of the Jewish persuasion, either male or female. Rags which may have clothed the fair person of a duchess have here so fallen as to be fit only for dusting cloths. The insistent vender will assure you that they have been worn but "werry leetle, werry leetle, indeed.... Vell, vot of it, look at the pryshe!"

Dank and fetid boxes and barrows, to say naught of the more ambitious shops, fill the Whitechapel Road and Petticoat Lane (now changed to Middlesex Street, but some measure of the old activities may still be seen of a Sunday morning).

A rummaging around will bring to light, likely enough, something that may once have been a court dress, a bridal costume, or a ball gown; a pair of small satin slippers, once white; a rusty crêpe, a "topper of a manifestly early vintage, or what not, all may be found here. One might almost fancy that Pride, in some material personification, might indeed be found buried beneath the mass of dross, or having shuffled off its last vestiges of respectability, its corse might at least be found to have left its shroud behind; and such these tattered habiliments really are. Rag Fair to-day is still the great graveyard of Fashion; the last cemetery to which cast-off clothes are borne before they enter upon another state of existence, and are spirited into dusters and dish-clouts.

Of all modern cities, London, perhaps more than any other, is justly celebrated for the number and variety of its suburbs.

On the northwest are Hampstead, with its noble Heath reminiscent of "highwaymen and scoundrels," and its charming variety of landscape scenery; and Harrow, with its famous old school, associated with the memory of Byron, Peel, and many other eminent men, to the churchyard of which Byron was a frequent visitor. "There is," he wrote to a friend in after years, "a spot in the churchyard, near the footpath on the brow of the hill looking toward Windsor, and a tomb (bearing the name of Peachey) under a large tree, where I used to sit for hours and hours when a boy." Nearly northward are Highgate, with its fringe of woods, and its remarkable series of ponds; Finchley, also once celebrated for its highwaymen, but now for its cemeteries; Hornsey, with its ivy-clad church, and its pretty winding New River; and Barnet, with its great annual fair, still an institution attended largely by costers and horse-traders. On the northeast are Edmonton, with its tavern, which the readers of "John Gilpin" will of course never forget; Enfield, where the government manufactures rifles on a vast scale; Waltham, notable for its ancient abbey church; and Epping Forest, a boon to picnic parties from the east end of London.

South of the Thames, likewise, there are many pretty spots, quite distinct from those which border upon the river's bank. Wimbledon, with its furze-clad common and picturesque windmill; Mitcham, with its herb gardens; Norwood, a pleasant bit of high ground, from which a view of London from the south can be had; Lewisham and Bromley, surrounded by many pretty bits of scenery; Blackheath, a famous place for golf and other outdoor games; Eltham, where a bit of King John's palace is still left to view; the Crays, a string of picturesque villages on the banks of the River Cray, etc. Dulwich is a village about five miles south of London Bridge. Here Edward Alleyn, or Allen, a distinguished actor in the reign of James I., founded and endowed an hospital or college, called Dulwich College, for the residence and support of poor persons, under certain limitations.

THE END.

A BRIEF CHRONOLOGY OF SOME OF THE MORE IMPORTANT EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF THE CITY OF LONDON DURING THE LIFETIME OF CHARLES DICKENS.

1812 Oct. 10. Present Drury Lane Theatre opened.

1814 Nov. 29. The Times newspaper first printed by steam.

1816 Vauxhall Bridge opened.

1817 Waterloo Bridge opened.

1818 Furnival's Inn rebuilt.

1820 Jan. 29. George III. died.

Cabs came in.

1821 Bank of England completed by Sir John Soane.

1824 March 15. First pile of London Bridge driven.

First stone of new Post-office laid.

May 10. National Gallery first opened.

1825 Thames Tunnel commenced.

Toll-house at Hyde Park Corner removed.

1828 St. Katherine Docks opened.

Birdcage Walk made a public way.

1829 King's College in the Strand commenced.

New police service established by Sir Robert Peel.

1830 June 26. George IV. died.

Omnibuses first introduced by Shillibeer; the first ran between
Paddington and the Bank.

Covent Garden Market rebuilt.

1831 Hungerford Market commenced.

The Hay Market in Pall Mall removed to Regent's Park.

Exeter Hall opened.

1834 Houses of Parliament burned down.

1835 Duke of York's Column completed.

1837 William IV. died. Accession of Queen Victoria.

Buckingham Palace first occupied.

1838 First Royal Academy Exhibition in Trafalgar Square.

1841 Great Fire at the Tower of London.

1843 Nelson Column placed in Trafalgar Square.

1845 Hungerford Bridge opened.

Lincoln's Inn New Hall opened by Queen Victoria.

1847 Covent Garden Theatre opened as Italian Opera House.

New House of Lords opened.

New Portico and Hall of British Museum opened.

1848 April 10. Great Chartist Demonstration.

1851 Great Exhibition in Hyde Park.

1852 Nov. 18. Duke of Wellington's Funeral.

1855 April 19. Visit of Emperor and Empress of French.

Nov. 30. Visit of King of Sardinia.

1858 Jan. 31. Steamship "Great Eastern" launched.

1860 Underground Railway begun.

1862 March 12. Mr. George Peabody, the American merchant, gives £150,000
to ameliorate the condition of London poor.

May 1. Second International Exhibition opened.

1863 Jan. 10. Underground Railway opened.

March 7. Princess Alexandra, of Denmark, enters London.

1864 Jan. 1. New street opened between Blackfriars' and London Bridge.

Feb. 29. First block of Peabody Buildings opened in Spitalfields.

April 21. Garibaldi receives the freedom of the city.

1866 Jan. 29. Mr. Peabody adds £100,000 to his gift to the London poor.

May 10. Black Friday, commercial panic.

July 24. Riots in Hyde Park.

Sept. 1. Cannon Street Railway Station opened.

1867 Jan. 15. Severe frost; forty lives lost by the breaking of the ice
in Regent's Park.

June 3. First stone of Holborn Viaduct laid.

1868 May 13. The Queen lays foundation of St. Thomas' Hospital.

Dec. 5. George Peabody gives another £100,000 to the poor of London.

1869 July 23. Statue of George Peabody unveiled by the Prince of Wales.

Nov. 6. Opening of Holborn Viaduct by the Queen.

1870 July 13. Opening of the Victoria Embankment by the Prince of Wales.

Index

Addison, 39, 211.

Adelphi Arches, 100, 101, 170.

Adelphi Terrace, 170.

Adelphi, The, 171.

"Advertiser, The," 65.

"A la mode beef shops," 201.

"All the Year Round," 52, 53, 54, 55.

Almanac Day, 187.

Alsatia, 29.

Alsatia, The Squire of, 70.

America, Dickens' first visit to, 49, 55;
Dickens' second visit to, 54, 55, 89.

American Notes, 50.

Anderton's Hotel, 62.

Apothecaries Company, The, 184.

Apsley House, 130.

Athenæum Club, 77.

"Athenæum, The," 65.

Australia, 55.

Bacon, Lord, 36.

"Bag of Nails, The," 121.

Bank of England, 113, 235.

Barbican, The, 211.

"Barnaby Rudge," 40, 41, 48, 81, 94, 107.

Barnard (Fred), 80.

Barnard's Inn, 37, 107.

Barrow, Mrs., 89.

Barry, Sir John, 137.

Bath Road, The, 260.

"Battle of Life, The," 94.

Baynard Castle, 279.

Bayswater, 135.

Beaconsfield (Earl of), 215.

Bedford, Earl of, 208.

Beer and ale in London, 210.

Belfast, Dickens' visit to, 58.

Belgrave Square, 131.

Belgravia, 15, 122.

"Bell's Life in London," 47, 65.

"Bell" Tavern, 39.

Bell Yard, 62.

Bentley's Magazine, 26, 49.

Berger, Francesco, 91.

Berger, Rev. A. H., M. A., 89.

Besant, Sir Walter, 163.

Betterton, 71.

"Big Ben," 227.

Billingsgate, 172.

Bishop's Court, 108.

Bishopsgate Street, 279.

Bismarck, 95.

"Black Bull, The," 123.

Blackfriars Bridge, 176, 220.

Blackwall, 179.

Blanchard, 14, 57, 63.

"Bleak House," 53, 57, 86, 87, 95, 104, 114, 155, 240.

Bloomsbury, 100.

Bloomsbury Square, 275.

"Blue Boar, The," 44.

Boabdil, Captain, 89, 191.

"Bobby," The London (_see_ Policemen), 243.

Bohn's Library, 84.

Bolt Court, 25, 28, 62.

Boro' (Borough), The, 42.

Boston Bantam, The, 89.

Boston, Dickens' visit to, 58.

Boswell, 29.

Boulogne, 155, 158.

Boulogne, summers in, 55.

Bouverie Street, 28, 29, 66.

"Bow Bells," 272.

"Boy at the Nore, The," 163.

Boythorne, 95.

"Boz," 87, 93.

"Boz" Club, list of members who knew Dickens personally, 90, 115.

"Boz," first sketch, 80.

Bradbury and Evans, 56.

Brewers in London, 244.

Brick Court, 33.

Bridgewater Square, 120.

Brig Place, 114, 174.

Brighton, 155.

British Museum, 79, 182, 183, 227-229.

Broadstairs, 55, 86, 141, 155, 157, 180.

Browne, Hablôt K. (_see_ "Phiz"), 82, 86, 93.

Brownrigg, Mrs., 69.

Brunel, Sir I. K., 169.

Brunton, H. W., 80.

Budden, Major, 144.

"Bull and Mouth, The," 124.

"Bull Inn, The," 40, 116, 139.

Burke and M'Dougal, 238.

Buss (engraver), 85.

Byron on London, 269.

Cabs and coaches in London, 214.

Caine, Hall, Jr., 53.

Canning, 69.

Cannon Street, 121.

Canterbury, 180.

Canterbury, Archbishop of, 166.

Canterbury pilgrims, 141.

Carlyle (Thomas), 39, 56, 76, 96.

Carmelite Street, 69.

Cattermole, George, 94.

Cave, 71.

Cecil Hotel, The, 200.

Chalk, lodgings at, 27, 141.

Chancery, Inns of, 38.

Chancery Lane, 29, 62, 104, 105, 106.

Chandos Street, 104.

Chapman and Hall, 56, 86, 93, 96.

Chapman, Frederick (_see_ Chapman and Hall), 82.

Charing Cross railway bridge, 101, 167.

Charing Cross railway station, 12, 45.

Charles I., portrait by Van Dyke, 36.

Charles II., 258.

Chatham Dock Yard, 141.

Chatterton, 38, 211.

Chaucer, 40, 68, 231.

Cheapside, 269.

Cheeryble Bros., 119.

Chelsea, 39, 135.

Chelsea Hospital, 215.

"Cheshire Cheese, The," 28, 201.

Chess rooms, 203.

Chichester rents, 108.

"Chicksey, Veneering, and Stobbles," 113.

Child's banking house, 67, 129.

Child's Dream of a Star, The, 52.

"Child's History of England, The," 53, 80.

"Chimes, The," 51, 56, 81, 105.

Chivery, Mrs., 112.

Chop-houses, 201.

"Christmas Carol, A," 14, 51, 94.

Christmas Stories, 51.
The Chimes, 51, 56, 81, 150.
Cricket on the Hearth, 51.
Battle of Life, 51.
The Haunted Man, 51.

Chronology of London events, 286.

Church St., Westminster, 103, 164.

"Cigar divans," 203.

City Companies, The, 184, 219.

City eating-houses, 202.

City guilds, 184.

"City, The," 15.

City and county of London, 249.

Clare Market, 42, 105, 126.

Claridge's Hotel, 200.

Clement's Inn, 37.

Clerkenwell, 135.

Clifford's Inn, 19, 107, 124.

Cloisterham, 151, 152.

Clubs.
Brookes', 191.
White's, 191.
Athenæum, 191.
Carleton, 191.
Conservative, 191.
Reform, 191.
University, 191.

Cobham, 89.

Coffee-houses, 202, 203.

Coffee-stalls, 204.

Coke, Lord Chief Justice, 38.

Cold Bath Fields prison, 241.

Collins, Wilkie, 14, 76, 91.

Concert rooms.
Exeter Hall, 195.
St. James' Hall, 195.
Floral Hall, 193, 195.
Willis' Rooms, 195.
The Queen's Concert Rooms, 195.
Egyptian Hall, 196.
The Gallery of Illustrations, 196.
The Sacred Harmonic Society, 195.
The Philharmonic Society, 195.

Cook's Court (_see_ Took's Court).

Copperfield and Steerforth, 100.

"Copperfield, David," 22, 24, 25, 46, 51, 80, 82, 83, 100, 101, 103,
104, 111, 112, 140, 164, 170, 171, 242, 244.

Copyright act, 187.

Corporation of the City of London, 243.

Covent Garden, 208.

Cowley (Abraham), 62.

Cowper, 39.

Crane Court, 62.

Craven St. (Charing Cross), 14, 104.

"Cricket on the Hearth, The," 94.

Cripple's dancing academy, 112.

Crook's rag and bottle shop, 108.

Crosby Hall, 279.

"Crowquill," 94.

Cruikshank, George, 14, 80, 93, 126.

Crystal Palace, The, 229.

Cuttle, Captain, 94, 114, 175.

Daily News, under Dickens' editorship, 51, 88.

Davenant, Lady, 72.

Davy, Sir Humphrey, 259.

De Cerjet, M., 147.

De Foe, 30.

De Lacy, Henry, 36.

De Worde, Wynken, 28.

Devonshire Terrace, house in, 54.

Dickens, Charles, the Senior, 20.
Clerkship in Navy Pay Office, 21, 242.
Home at Portsea, 20.
Home at Chatham, 20.
Home at Camdentown, 21.
Home at Gower St., 21.
Home at Lant St., 21.
Imprisonment in Marshalsea, 21.

Dickens Fellowship, The, 78, 79, 88.

Dickens, Georgina, 87.

Dickens, Henry, K. C., 115.

"Dinner at Poplar Walk, A," 25.

Disraeli (Benjamin), 215.

District railway, 125.

Doctor's Commons, 112.

Dolby, George, 50, 89.

"Dombey and Son," 51, 52, 81, 113, 240.

Dorset, Countess of, 62.

Dorset House, 71.

Doughty Street, house in, 54.

Dover, 155, 158.

Dover Road, The, 139, 141.

Doyle, Dicky, 94.

Drayton, Michael, 62.

Drury Lane Court, 115.

Dryden, 68, 72.

Dublin, visit to, 58.

Duck Lane, 121.

Duke Street, 120.

Dulwich College, 285.

Dyce, 14.

Dyce and Forster collection, 79.

Eastcheap, 231.

Eastgate House, 150.

E. C., meaning of, 15, 262.

Edinburgh Review, The, 74.

Edmonton (John Gilpin of), 284.

Edward III., 185.

"Edwin Drood," 53, 96, 140, 149, 151.

Elgin marbles, 183.

Eliot, George, 73, 76.

Elizabeth, Queen, 62.

Epping Forest, 41, 285.

Epsom Derby, 260.

Essex coast, 180.

Essex Stairs, 165.

Evening Chronicle, The, 47.

"Every Man in His Humour," 191.

Exhibition of the works of the English humourists, 79.

Fagin (Fagan), 21.

Falcon Court, 62.

Falkland, Viscount, 62.

"Falstaff Inn, The," 143.

Favre, Jules, 95.

Felton, Professor, 87.

Fenchurch Street, 113.

Fenton's Hotel, 200.

Fetter Lane, 29, 62.

Fildes, Luke, 90, 94.

Fire of London, 177, 250, 255.

Fitzgerald, Percy, 53, 77, 90.

Fitzgerald, Percy (Mrs.), 80.

Fleet Ditch, 61, 271.

Fleet marriages, 26, 61.

Fleet Prison, 26, 61, 176, 241.

Fleet Street, 18, 25, 26, 27, 61, 63, 70, 100, 126, 202.

Fleet Street, old booksellers and printers of.
Wynken de Worde, 66.
Jacob Robinson, 67.
Lawton Gulliver, 67.
Edmund Curll, 67.
Bernard Lintot, 67.
W. Copeland, 67.
Butterworth, 66.
Richard Tottel, 66.
Rastell, 66.
Richard Pynson, 66.
J. Robinson, 67.
T. White, 67.
H. Lowndes, 67.
J. Murray, 67.

Fleet Street, taverns and coffee-houses.
"The Bolt-in Inn," 68.
"The Devil," 68.
"The King's Head," 68.
"The Mitre," 68.
"The Cock," 68, 71.
"The Rainbow," 68.
"Nando's," 68.
"Dick's," 68.
"Peele's," 68.
"The Horn Tavern," 68.

Flite, Miss, Garden of, 105.

Floral Hall, 209.

Flower-de-Luce Court, 68.

Forster and Dyce collection, 79.

Forster, John, 14, 56, 57, 82, 86, 114.
House in Lincoln's Inn Fields, 19, 105, 223.

Fountain Court, 100.

Fountain Inn, 42.

Fox, 14.

Frith, W. P., 89.

"Frozen Deep, The," 91, 191.

Furnival's Inn, 13, 31, 124, 129.

Furnival's Inn, Dickens' lodgings in, 26.

"Gad's Hill Gasper, The," 89.

Gad's Hill Place, 141, 142, 143, 180.

Gaiety Theatre, The, 19.

Gainsborough (Thomas), 39.

"Gallery of Illustration, The," 191.

Gamp, Mrs., 124.

Gaskell, Mrs., 52.

Gay's "Trivia," 233.

General post-office, The, 261.

"Gentleman's Magazine, The," 63, 74.

George III., 183.

George IV., 183.

"George and Vulture, The," 44, 106.

George Street, 120.

"George Tavern, The" (Bouverie Street), 70.

Gersterhauer, J. G., 89.

Gibson (Charles Dana), 80.

Gilray, 245.

Globe Theatre, 19, 65.

"Goat and Compasses, The," 121.

"Golden Cross, The," 44, 45, 100, 139, 199.

Golden Square, 274.

Goldsmith, 29, 30, 33, 38.

Goldsmiths' Company, The, 184, 187.

Goldsmiths' Hall, 186.

Gondola, The, of London, 214.

"Good Words" offices, 19, 247.

"Goose and Gridiron, The," 124.

Gordon rioters, 177.

Gothic revival, 137.

Gough Square, 28.

Gower Street (north), 110.

Gravesend, 179.

Gray's Inn, 30.

Gray's Inn, Dickens' clerkship in, 23.
The Hall, 36.

Gray's Inn, Mr. Perker's Chambers, 107.

"Great Boobee, The," 232.

Greater London, 249, 264.

Great Exhibition, The, 229.

"Great Expectations," 53, 150.

"Great International Walking Match, The," 89.

"Great North Road, The," 260.

Green Park, The, 130.

Greenwich, 179.
The Fair, 173.
Fish dinners at, 173.

Greenwich, Dickens' dinner at, 56.

Gresham, Sir Thomas, 280.

"Grewgious, Mr.," 108.

Grey, Lady Jane, 279.

Grey, Sir Richard, 70.

Grosvenor Square, 16.

Grub Street, 15, 60, 122.

Guildhall, The, 218.
The Museum, 124.

Guild of Fishmongers, The, 172.

Guilds of the City of London.
Merchant Tailors, 185.
Mercers, 185.
Grocers, 185.
Drapers, 185.
Fishmongers, 185.
Haberdashers, 185.
Salters, 185.
Ironmongers, 185.
Goldsmiths, 185.
Skinners, 185.
Vintners, 185.
Cloth workers, etc., 185.

Guy's Hospital, 112, 204.

Guy, Thomas (_see_ Guy's Hospital), 271.

Hammersmith, 161.

Hampstead, 211.

Hampstead Heath, 14, 43, 229, 284.

Hampton Court, 272.

"Hard Times," 53, 96.

Harley, J. P., 82.

Harrow, 284.

"Haunted House, The," 53.

Hawkins, Anthony Hope, 28.

Hawkins, Rev. E. C., 28.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel.
Description of Staple Inn, 37, 133.

Haxell's Hotel, 199.

Heep (Uriah), 119.

Henley regatta, 188.

Henry II., 185.

Hicks' Hall, 260.

Higham, 146.

High Holborn, 108.

High Street (Southwark), 110.

"Highway of Letters, The," 15, 17, 60, 66, 268.

Hogarth, 245.

Hogarth, Catherine, 31.

Hogarth, Mary, 86.

Hogarth's "Marriage _à la Mode_," 178.

Holborn, 30, 106, 211.

Holborn bars, 107, 108.

Holborn Court, 107.

Holborn Hill, 123.

Holborn Viaducts, 43, 108, 123, 222.

Holywell Street, 125, 126.

Hood, Tom, 49, 76, 163.

Hook, Theodore, 76, 93.

Hooper, Bishop, 62.

"Horn Tavern, The," 62.

Horsemonger Lane (Southwark), 112.

Hotels of various types, 200.

"Houghton Visitors, The," 267.

Hounslow Heath, 234.

House of Commons, Press Gallery, 23.
Old buildings burned (1843), 23.
New buildings begun, 23.
Charles Dickens' engagement in the Reporters' Gallery, 24.
Description of, 215.

House of Peers, 224.

Houses of entertainment, 40.

Houses of Parliament, 223, 224, 267.

"Household Words," 52, 53, 55, 87, 90, 91, 116, 147, 158, 176.

Huffam, John, 175.

Hughson's "Walks in London," 69.

Hungerford Bridge, 101, 168, 169.

Hungerford Market, 12, 30, 44, 101, 168.

Hungerford Stairs, 12, 168.

Hunt, Leigh, 76, 93, 95, 201.

Hyde Park, 130, 131, 196.

Hyde Park Corner, 234, 258, 261.

"Illustrated London News, The," 63.

Inner Temple, 31.
The Hall, 33.
Temple Church, 33.

Inns of Chancery, 38.

Inns of Court, 107.
Benchers and barristers, 34.
Benchers' dinner, 35.

International exhibition, 196, 259.

Ironmongers' Hall, 186.

Irving, Sir Henry, 193.

"Is She His Wife," 48.

Italian travels, 55;
return from, 56.

James I., 31.

Jarley's Waxworks, Mrs., 196.

"Jasper's Secret," 96.

Jellyby, Mrs., 106.

Jerrold (Douglas), 14, 63, 83.

John, King, Palace at Eltham, 285.

Johnson's Court, 13, 25.

Johnson, Doctor, 15, 25, 60.
Walk down Fleet St., 18.
Dictionary, 28.
and Boswell, 29.

Jones, Inigo, 36, 136, 208.

Jonson, Ben, 191.

"Jo's Crossing," 106.

Kean, Charles, 194.

Kensington, 135, 211.

Kent, County of, 139.

Kentish rebels, The, 109.

King's Bench Prison, 109.

King's Cross, 234.

"King's Head Inn, The" (Chigwell), 41.

"King's Head, The" (Southwark), 113.

"King's Library, The," 79.

Kingsley (Charles), 73.

Knight, Charles, 30, 202.

Knighten Guild, 184.

Knights Templars, 31, 33.

Lad Lane, 234.

Lady Guide Association, The, 115.

Landor (W. S.), 55, 95.

Landseer, Edwin, 57, 94.

Lant Street, 110, 112, 178, 204.

Lawrence, Samuel, 89.

"Leather Bottle, The" (Cobham), 89, 144, 145.

Leech (John), 80, 94.

Lemon, Mark, 14, 82, 191.

Leslie, C. R. (R. A.), 89, 191.

Lever, Charles, 53, 83.

Lewis, E. G., 89.

Limehouse, 175.

Limehouse Church, 114.

Limehouse Hole, 114.

Limehouse Reach, 114.

Limner's Hotel, 200.

Lincoln's Inn, 30, 31.
Dickens' clerkship in solicitor's office there, 22.
New hall and library, 36.
Chapel, 36.

Lincoln's Inn Fields, 19, 100, 106, 126.

Linkman, trade of the, 122.

"Literary Gazette, The," 65.

"Little Dorrit," 53, 95, 110, 111, 242.

"Little Wooden Midshipman, The," 81, 113.

Lombard Street, 280.

London Bridge, 124, 176, 178, 280.

London Bridge (old), 41, 166.

London General Omnibus Co., 213.

London Stone, 180.

Lord Mayor's Day, 217.

Lord Mayor's procession, route of, 218-222.

Lovelace, 28.

Ludgate Hill, 61, 176, 223.

Lytton, Lord, 53.

Maclise (David), 14, 55, 57, 82, 87, 94, 224.

Macready, 86.

Macready (Mrs.), 87.

Macrone (John), 47.

"Magpie and Stump," The, 42, 44.

Main thoroughfares of London, 276, 277.

"Man of Ross," The, 89.

Mansion House, The, 280.

Markets of London.
Covent Garden, 205, 207.
Smithfield, 205, 207.
Billingsgate, 205.
Leadenhall, 207.
Farringdon, 209.
Borough, 209.
Portman, 209.
Spitalfields, 209.

Marley's ghost, 14, 104.

Marshalsea Prison, 13, 61, 81, 101, 102, 109, 111, 175, 178, 204, 242.

"Martin Chuzzlewit," 50, 51, 56, 85, 140.

Martin (Dr. Benj. S.), 102.

"Marquis of Granby," The, 44.

"Master Humphrey's Clock," 48, 55, 85, 101.

Mayfair, 15, 122, 131.

Maypole Inn, The, 40, 41.

Meadows, Kenney, 94.

Mecklenburgh Square, 274.

Medway, The, 140, 180.

Memorial Hall, 78.

Merchant Tailors' Hall, 186.

Metropolitan Railway, 125.

Micawbers, The, 43.

Middlesex Street, 283.

Middle Temple, 31.
The Hall, 35.

Milestones in London, 260.

Millais, Sir John (A. R. A.), 89.

Milton (John), 211, 274.

Milton Street, 122.

Mincing Lane, 113.

Minories, The, 42, 81.

"Mirror of Parliament, The," 224.

Misnar, the Sultan of India, 142.

Mitre Court, 29, 62, 70.

"Mitre Tavern, The," 70.

Montagu House, 183.

Monthly Magazine, The, 13, 25, 47.

Monument, The, 177, 267.

Morley's Hotel, 199.

"Morning Chronicle, The," 64, 223, 224.

Most Worshipful Company of Watermen, The, 166.

"Mr. Minns and His Cousin," 25.

"Mr. Nightingale's Diary," 191.

"Mugby Junction," 53.

Music Halls, 197.

Nash (the poet), 62.

National Gallery, The, 46.

Nelson Monument, 46.

"New Inn, The," 37, 42.

Newgate Prison, 61, 81, 177, 241.

Newspaper Row, 64.

New York, Visit to, 58.

"Nicholas Nickleby," 48, 85, 86, 101.

Nightingale Lane, 184.

No Popery Rioters, 43, 48.

"Nobody's Fault," 53.

Norie and Wilson, 81.

Northumberland Avenue, 130.

Northumberland House, 46, 130.

Norwood, 285.

Ogilvie and Johnson, 71.

"Old and New London," 248.

Old Bailey, The, 176.

"Old Curiosity Shop, The," 48, 94, 105.
Site of, 126.

"Old Ship" Tavern, The, 108.

"Old White Horse Inn, The," 102.

"Oliver Twist," 26, 42, 48, 80, 85.

Omnibus, The first, 212.

Osgood, James Ripley, 89.

"Othello," a travesty, 80.

Otway, 211.

"Our Mutual Friend," 53, 94, 113.

"Our Watering Place" (_see_ Broadstairs), 157.

Oxford Circus, 214, 273.

Oxford University Press, 77.

Pailthorpe (F. W.), 80, 95.

Palace Gate, 166.

Pamela, 72.

Pamphilon's Coffee-house, 203.

Panizzi, Librarian, 228.

Paper Buildings, 33.

Paris, Three months in, 55.

Park Lane, 15, 131.

Parks of London.
_See_ Hyde Park, 258.
Regent's Park, 259.
St. James' Park, 259.
Battersea Park, 258.
Hampstead Heath, 258.
Richmond Park, 258.
Victoria Park, 258.
Green Park, 259.

Parliament Houses, 103, 137, 163.

Parlour Library of Fiction, The, 84.

Peel, Sir Robert, 242, 243.

Peggotty, 103.
Home at Yarmouth, 102.

"Pendennis," 83.

Penn, William, 62.

Pepys, 39.

Petticoat Lane, 283.

Philharmonic Hall (Liverpool), 191.

Philosophical Institution of Edinburgh, 81.

"Phiz" (_see_ Browne, Hablôt K.), 14, 80, 89, 92, 93.

Piccadilly, 202.

Piccadilly Circus, 273.

Pickwick and Jingle, 100.

Pickwick, Moses (of Bath), 81.

Pickwick, Mr., 42.

Pickwick Papers, Unpublished page of, 80.

"Pickwick Papers, The," 24, 25, 31, 48, 74, 81, 82, 85, 101, 107, 116,
117, 118, 140, 141, 161, 239, 271, 274.

Pickwickian Inns, 42, 43, 44, 81.

"Pictures from Italy," 52, 88.

"Pilgrim's Way, The," 139.

Pimlico, 278.

"Poet's Corner, The," 96.
Notables buried there, 98.

Policemen, 243.

Political Divisions of London, 252.

Pope, 67.

Portsmouth Road, The, 260.

Portugal Street, 106.

Prigg, Betsy, 124.

Prince of Wales, 33.

Princess Louise, 33.

Printing House Square, 64.

Prynne, William, 62.

"Pubsey and Co.," 113.

"Punch," 65, 70, 94.

Putney Bridge, 161.

Pye Corner, 70.

Queen Anne, 103.

Queen's Bench Prison, 61.

"Queen's Head, The" (Southwark), 112.

Quilp, 119.

Raffles, Sir Stamford, 259.

"Rag Fair" in Whitechapel, 282.

Railway Hotels, 200.

Ram Alley, 70.

Ratcliffe Highway, The, 114.

Reade, Charles, 53.

Red Lion Square, 273.

Redding, Cyrus, 234.

Regent's Canal, The, 257.

Regent's Park, 132, 136.

Regent Street, 202.

Rennie, John, 175.

"Reprinted Pieces," 159.

Restaurants and dining-rooms, 190.

Restoration House, 150.

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 161.

Richardson (Samuel), 28, 63, 72.

Richmond, 39, 55, 161.

Riverside Churches, 163.

Rochester, 116, 140, 180.
Cathedral and Castle, 148, 149, 152.
Corn Exchange, 152.
Dickens' Tablet, 154.

Rogers, Samuel, 82.

Roman Occupation of London, 254.

Royal Academy, The, 94.

Royal Exchange, 202, 269.

Sackville, 27.

Sala, G. A., 133.

Salisbury Court, 62, 71.

Salisbury House, 71.

Salisbury Square, 28, 71.

Sandford, 71.

Saracen's Head (Snow Hill), 43.

Savage Club, The, 170.

Savage, Richard, 62.

"Savoy" Hotel, The, 200.

Sawyer, Bob, 112.

Scheffer, Ary, 89.

Scott (Sir Walter), 73, 74.

Sergeant's Inn, 37.

Serpentine, The, 258.

Seven Dials, 233.

"Seven Poor Travellers, The," 53.

Seymour, 75, 80, 92.

Shadwell, 72.

Shillaber, Inventor of the Omnibus, 212.

Shoe Lane, 38, 62.

Shoreditch, 264.

Simpson's Divan Tavern, 201.

"Six Jolly Fellowship Porters, The," 115.

"Sketches by Boz" (_see_ Boz), 25, 47, 48, 107.

Skimpole (Harold), 95, 236.

Sloane, Sir Hans, 183.

Smirke, Sir Robert, 183, 228.

Smith, Sydney, 86.

Snow Hill, 121.

Society of Arts, The, 39.

Soho Square, 274.

"Sol's Arms," 108.

Somerset House, 26, 134.

Southey, 69.

Southwark, 40, 109, 278.
High Street, 41.
Hist. Antiq. of, 110.
St. George's Church, 110, 112.

Southwark Bridge, 177.

"Spaniards Inn, The," 14, 43.

"Spectator, The," 65.

Spring Gardens, 271.

"Spur, The" (Southwark), 112.

Squares of London, 273-275.

St. Bartholomew-the-Less, 115.

St. Bride's Church, 17, 27, 63.

St. Clement's Danes, 17.

St. Cyr, Marshal de, 216.

St. Dunstan's-in-the-West, 17, 62, 115.

St. George's Church, Southwark, 110, 112.

St. George's Fields, 204.

St. George's Street, 113, 175.

St. Giles', 17, 278.

St. James' Coffee House, 200.

St. James' Park, 130.

St. James' Theatre, The, 191.

St. John's Church, Westminster, 103.

St. John's Wood, 132.

St. Katherine's Dock, 257.

St. Margaret's Church, 164.

St. Martin's-in-the-Fields, 46, 247.

St. Mary Axe, 113.

St. Mary's-le-Strand, 17.

St. Michael's Alley, 106.

St. Pancras, 235.

St. Paul's Cathedral, 113, 125, 134, 136, 163, 208, 212, 215, 235, 266,
268.

St. Stephen's Hall, 24.

Staël, Mme. de, 135.

Stafford House, 130.

"Standard, The" (newspaper), 65.

"Standard, in Cornhill, The," 261.

Stanfield, 14, 94.

Staple Inn, 37, 38, 107, 108.

"Star and Garter, The" (Richmond), 188.

Stationers' Company, The, 184.

Stationers' Hall, 184, 186.

Steele, 39.

Steele's "Tatler," 201.

Sterne, Laurence, 178.

Steyne, Lord, 78.

Stone (Marcus), 80, 90, 94.

Strand, The, 126, 131, 135, 165, 202.

Strand Improvement Scheme, 223.

"Strange Gentleman, The," 48.

Stratford and Bow, 214.

Streets of London, 248.

Strood, 140, 181.

Strype's Court, 121.

Suburban London, 39.

"Sultan of India, The," 47.

"Sun" Inn, The (Canterbury), 43.

Surrey Downs, 257.

Surrey Hills, The, 133.

"Swan with Two Necks, The," 261.

Switzerland revisited, 55.

Swiveller (Dick), 119.

Sydenham, 229.

Sykes (Bill), 236, 240.

Tabard Inn, The, 40, 41, 270.

Taine, H., 134.

"Talbot, The," 41.

"Tale of Two Cities, A," 53, 80, 96, 107.

Taverns, _see also_ under individual names, 40.

Tea-gardens of London, 188.

Temple, The, 29, 30, 100.

Temple Church, 33.

Temple Gardens, 33.

Temple Bar, 61, 64, 128.

Temple Gardens, 176.

Tenniel, Sir John, 94, 191.

Tennyson, Alfred, 135.

Tessyman (bookbinder), 126.

Thackeray, 39, 74, 75, 76, 77, 82, 126.

Thames Bridges, in London, 166.

Thames, The River, 160.
Westminster to the Tower, 163.

Thames Valley, The, 133.

Thames Watermen, 162.

Thavie's Inn, 31, 37, 106.

Theatres in London.
Her Majesty's, 191.
The Theatre Royal, Drury Lane, 192.
The Haymarket Theatre, 192.
The Adelphi, 192, 193, 194.
The Lyceum, 195.
The St. James' Theatre, 192, 194.
Covent Garden Theatre, 192.
Royal Italian Opera House, 192.
Floral Hall, 193.
The Strand Theatre, 194.
The Olympic, 194.
The "New Globe" Theatre, 194.
The Gaiety, 194.
The Vaudeville, 194.
The Court Theatre, 194.
The Royalty, 194.
The Prince of Wales, 194.
The Tottenham Theatre, 194.
Sadler's Wells Theatre, 194.
Marylebone Theatre, 194.
The Brittania, 194.
The Standard, 194.
The Pavilion, 195.
The Surrey Theatre, 195.
The Victoria, 195.

Thiers, M., 216.

Thomas' Chop-house, 106, 201.

Thompson (James), 39.

Tilbury Fort, 180.

"Times, The," 63, 64.

Took's Court, 108.

Topography of London, 246.

Tower Bridge, 257.

Tower Hill, 113, 211.

Tower, The, 175.

Trading Companies, 184.

Trafalgar Square, 46, 271, 273.

"Travelling Sketches,"--"Written on the Road," 88.

Trinity House, 113.

Tripe Court, 121.

True Sun, The, 64, 224.

Tulkinghorn's (Mr.), 19, 57, 105, 119, 239.

Turner (J. M. W.), 56.

Tussaud's, Madame, 196, 235.

Twickenham, 55.

Twinkleton, 151.

"Two Brewers, The," 115.

Tyburn, 258.

Tyburnia, 132, 135.

Ugga, Ralph, Early Map of London, 135.

"Uncommercial Traveller, The," 53, 54, 114, 175.

United Service Club, 77.

Uxbridge Road, 269.

"Vanity Fair," 74.

Vauxhall, 230.

Vauxhall Bridge, 104.

Vauxhall Gardens, 189.

Victoria Embankment, 13, 164, 167, 172.
Gardens, 168, 170.
Egyptian Obelisk, 172.

Victorian Exhibition (1897), 79.

"Village Coquettes, The," 48, 191.

Villiers Street, 170.

Waiters in London, 201.

Walmer Castle, 215.

Walpole (Horace), 267.

Waltham Abbey, 285.

Walton, Izaak, 29.

Warburton, 67.

Warren's Blacking Factory, 21, 104, 168, 170.

Water Supply of London, 206.

Waterloo Bridge, 175.

Watling Street, 139.

Watts, Richard, 153.

Watts' Charity, 81, 152.

Weavers' Company, The, 184.

Weekly Times and Echo, 223.

Wegg and Wenham, 78.

Weller, Sam, 42, 112, 113.

Wellington, Duke of, 130, 131, 215, 258.

Wellington Street, 120, 176, 211.

West End caterers, 202.

Westbourne Terrace, 132.

Westminster Abbey, 155, 164, 208.
Dickens' Grave in, 97.

Westminster, City of, 131.
Bridge, 166, 167.

Westminster Hall, 231.

Whistler, J. McNeil, 138.

White Bait, 174.

"White Bait Dinner, A, at Greenwich," 163.

Whitechapel, 278, 281, 282, 283.

Whitechapel, Characteristics of, 281, 282, 283.

Whitehall, 104.
Banqueting House, 136.

"White Friars," The, 69.

Whitefriars, 29, 62, 69.

White Hart, The (Boro'), 42, 44, 81.

"White Hart Inn" (Hook), 43.

"White Horse Cellars," 43, 44.

"White Horse Tavern" (Ipswich), 42, 44.

William IV., 178.

Williams, Bronsby, 42.

Willis, Nathaniel Parker, 237.

Will's Coffee-house, 38, 200.

Wills, W. H., 14, 147.

Windsor, 284.

Wine Office Court, 28.

Woolner, Thomas, 90.

Woolwich, 179.

Wordsworth, on London, 16.
On Westminster Bridge, 163.

Wren, Jenny, 104.

Wren, Sir Christopher, 31, 128, 135.

Yates, Edmund, 53.

Ye Old Red Lion Inn, Incident in Copperfield, 22.

York Stairs, 165.

York Water Gate (_see also_ York Stairs), 208.

Zoological Gardens, 259.

Transcriber's Notes:

Passages in italics are indicated by _underscore_.

Additional spacing after some of the quotes is intentional to indicate both the end of a quotation and the beginning of a new paragraph as presented in the original text.

Images have been moved from the middle of a paragraph to the closest paragraph break.

The following misprints have been corrected:
"Peel's" corrected to "Peele's" (page 68)
"Milbank" corrected to "Millbank" (page 103)
"Snagsbys" corrected to "Snagsby" (page 108)
"thing" corrected to "things" (page 125)
"Huffman" corrected to "Huffam" (page 175 and Index)
"thorugh" corrected to "through" (page 233)
"sheeps' trotters" standardized to "sheep's trotters" (page 281)
"Shillaber" corrected to "Shillibeer" (page 287)
"Tralfagar" corrected to "Trafalgar" (page 287)
"Brown, Hablot" corrected to "Browne, Hablôt" (Index-twice)
"Haxall's" corrected to "Haxell's" (Index)
"Montague" corrected to "Montagu" (Index)
"Pannizi" corrected to "Panizzi" (Index)
"St. Dunstans-in-the-West" corrected to "St. Dunstan's-in-the-West"
(Index)
"St. Martins-in-the-Fields" corrected to "St. Martin's-in-the-Fields"
(Index)
"Strypes'" corrected to "Strype's" (Index)
"Sadlers'" corrected to "Sadler's" (Index)

Duplicate text on page 71 ("I believe, sir, you have a great many; but,
sir, let me tell you,) has been removed.

The original text contains several instances of unmatched quotation marks. Obvious errors have been silently paired, while those requiring interpretation have been left as presented in the original.

Other than the corrections listed above, printer's inconsistencies in spelling, punctuation, hyphenation, and ligature usage have been retained.

The indexer seems to have confused Blanchard Jerrold and Douglas Jerrold; thus, the page references noted in the index are incorrect. Pages 14 and 63 refer to Blanchard Jerrold, page 83 to Douglas Jerrold (Blanchard's father), and page 57 to both Jerrolds.