Chapter XII: Diseases of the Jointsa (2)

The same movement of the joint is given by causing the animal to put full weight upon the diseased limb, a small wedge of wood being first placed under the toe. In this manner the pressure of the perforans tendon upon the bursa is greatly increased, and the animal is caused to show symptoms of distress.

The lameness may also be increased, and diagnosis helped, by paring the heels, so as to leave the frog prominent and take the whole of the body-weight. The same end is also obtained by applying a bar shoe. This was originally pointed out by Brauell, and is quoted by Zundel and by Möller.

The changes in the form of the hoof may now be noticed. These are largely dependent on the fact that more or less constantly the patient saves the heel. The horn of the walls in this region, and the horn of the frog, is thereby put out of action and induced to atrophy. The hoof gradually assumes a more upright shape, and the heels contract. We thus get a hoof which is visibly narrowed from side to side, with a frog that is atrophied and often thrushy, and with a sole that is abnormally concave, hard, and affected with corns.

When occurring in the hind-feet--a condition that is rare, but which has been noticed by Loiset, and quoted by Zundel--the animal is stiff behind, walks on his toes, and gives one the impression that he is suffering from some affection in the region of the loins.

One such case is reported by an English veterinary surgeon, and we quote it here:

'A gray gelding, and a capital hunter, the property of a gentleman in this neighbourhood, became lame in the near fore-foot after the hunting season of 1859. The lameness was believed to be due to navicular disease. The operation of neurectomy was ultimately had recourse to. The horse subsequently did his work as well as ever, and was ridden to hounds regularly till the end of the year 1861, when he went lame of the off fore-foot. From this date he also showed very peculiar action behind, and was at times lame of both hind-limbs without any apparent cause.

'In the year 1862, from the groom's indiscreet use of physic, superpurgation was brought on which caused the animal's death. On a post-mortem examination being made, the horse was found to have _navicular disease of all four feet_. It is worthy of note that this horse had always "extravagant" action behind, but was a remarkably quick and good jumper.'[A]

[Footnote A: F. Blakeway, M.R.C.V.S., _Veterinarian_, vol. ii., p. 21.]

_Differential Diagnosis_.--Navicular disease may be mistaken for ordinary contracted foot. It will be remembered, however, that in the early stages of navicular disease contraction is absent, and that it is only when the disease in the bursa is of long standing that contraction comes on. With ordinary contracted foot, too, careful paring and suitable shoeing soon sees a diminution in the degree of lameness, and a return to the normal in shape (see Treatment of Contracted Foot, p. 125). With navicular disease, however, such shoeing as is beneficial in the treatment of contracted foot (notably the various methods of giving to the frog counter-pressure with ground) soon brings on an aggravation of the lameness.

It is, perhaps, even more likely to be confounded with contraction when we have with the contraction a state of atrophy and thrush of the frog. With a frog in this condition pressure will give rise to pain, and navicular disease be erroneously judged to be present. In such a case we must rely wholly upon either extreme flexion or extreme extension of the joint to guide us, when, if contraction _only_ is the offending condition, no symptom of pain will be shown.

Navicular disease may also be confused with rheumatic affections, with sprain of the posterior ligaments of the first interphalangeal articulation, and with sesamoid lameness. Mistakes are sometimes made, too, especially with a hasty observer, in confounding it with shoulder lameness.

In rheumatism the constant changing of the seat of pain, the sometimes elevated temperature, and the appearance of symptoms of heat, tenderness, and swelling in the affected area should guide one to a right conclusion.

In sprain of the posterior ligaments of the coronet and in sesamoid lameness, nothing but a careful examination and manipulation of the parts will ward off error, for in each of these cases there is 'pointing' and resting of the limb, and considerable disinclination to put weight firmly upon it. If at the same time manipulation gives distinct evidence of pain, all doubt may be set at rest.

Roughly speaking, sesamoid lameness is a condition of the gliding surface of the sesamoids, and the face of the tendon playing over them, similar to that found in navicular disease. All symptoms of pointing, the constant maintaining of the limb in a state of flexion, and a feeling manner of progression are again all present. It is plain from this that in all cases where an animal with a gait at all suggestive of navicular disease is brought for our examination, the manipulation of the limb should be thorough. The character of the lameness is almost sure to deceive us; and it is not until we are able to obtain local symptoms pointing to the one or the other of the conditions we have enumerated that a decisive opinion may be given. In sesamoid lameness the local symptoms are those of heat and pain in the fetlock on palpation, and a swelling of the affected parts, such swelling being at first slight, yielding, and barely distinguishable, and afterwards larger, bony and hard, and more marked. Later still there is distinct evidence of 'knuckling' over at the fetlock and inability to fully flex it.

In cases of shoulder lameness the gait alone should be sufficient to render liability of error small, for with nearly every case there is a manifest inability to 'get the limb forward', and this is best seen at a side view when the animal is trotting past the observer. When trotting towards one, there is a further and unmistakable symptom common to most shoulder lamenesses that serves to distinguish it at once, and that is the peculiar 'sweeping' outwards with the affected limb.

Lastly, with either of the conditions we have just mentioned, it is the exception to get contracted foot follow on. With navicular disease it sooner or later makes its appearance.

_Prognosis_.--The prognosis of navicular disease (once diagnosed with certainty) must almost of necessity be unfavourable. The facts that the disease has made serious progress before it is really noticeable, that the situation of the parts prohibits operative interference, and that the disease is one of a chronic and slowly progressive type, all point to an unfavourable termination.

_Treatment_.--We have seen from the pathology of this disease that it may commence either as a rarefactive ostitis, or as a synovitis and tenositis in connection with the bursa. With the former condition in existence, or when this and the synovitis has led to erosion of the cartilage, treatment is probably of no avail, on account of the more chronic nature of these two conditions. When, however, the condition is simply that of synovitis or tenositis, a more or less acute condition, we may assume that suitable treatment and a long rest will bring about resolution.

The first indications in treatment are those of what we may term 'nursing' the foot. It should have sufficient rest, should be placed so as to minimize as far as possible compression of the parts, and should have its posterior half treated so as to render it softer and less liable to concussion.

The period of rest required cannot be satisfactorily advised, and the practitioner is wise who makes it a long one. Best should be advised, in fact, long after symptoms of lameness have disappeared and recovery is judged to have taken place.

Compression of the parts may be somewhat minimized, if the animal be kept in the stable, by allowing the floor upon which the front-feet are to stand to be slightly sloping from behind forwards. The same effect, though not so marked, is obtained by removing the shoes, and considerably lowering the wall at the toe, while allowing that of the heels to remain. It may here be remarked that it is a good practice to allow the shoes to remain on, and this even when the animal is at grass. They should, however, be frequently removed, and the foot trimmed as we have directed.

With the foot thus trimmed so as to most suitably adjust the angles of the articulations, it should next be thoroughly pared and rasped in its posterior half, so as to render the horn of the sole and the frog and the horn of the quarters as thin as possible. The heels, however, should not be excessively lowered, _if at all_. We now have the foot in a soft condition, and easily expanded. It should, if possible, be kept so; and this may be done either by the use of poultices, by tepid baths, or by standing the animal upon a bedding that may easily be kept constantly damp. Such materials as tan, peat moss, or sawdust, are either of them suitable.

All this, of course, calls for keeping the animal in the stable. It is far better, however, more especially if a piece of marshy land is at hand, to turn him out in that. A moderate amount of exercise is beneficial rather than not, and the feet are thus constantly kept damp without trouble to the attendants.

The second indication in the treatment is that of applying a counter-irritant as near to the diseased parts as possible. Regarding its efficacy we must confess to being somewhat sceptical. The treatment has been constantly practised and advised, however, and we feel bound to give it mention here. A smart blister may, therefore, be applied to the whole of the coronet, and need not be prevented from running into the hollow of the heel.

Instead of blistering the coronet (or in conjunction with that treatment), the counter-irritant may be applied by passing a seton through the plantar cushion or fibro-fatty frog. Setoning the frog appears to have been introduced by Sewell. In many cases great benefit is claimed to have been derived from it, especially by English veterinarians of Sewell's time, and by others on the Continent. Percival, however, was not an advocate for it, and, at the present day, it is a practice which appears to have dropped out of use altogether.

To perform this operation a seton needle of a curved pattern is needed (see Fig. 164). This is threaded with a piece of stout tape dressed with a cantharides, hellebore, or other blistering ointment, and then passed in at the hollow of the heel, emerging at the point of the frog. The course the needle should take will be understood from a reference to Fig. 165.

The seton may be passed with the horse in the standing position. Previously the point of the frog should be thinned, and the animal should be twitched. After-treatment consists simply in moving the seton daily, and dressing it occasionally with any stimulating ointment, or with turpentine.

If, in spite of these treatments, the disease persists, then nothing remains but neurectomy.

D. DISLOCATIONS.

The firm and rigid manner in which the bones of the pedal articulation are held together renders dislocation of this joint an exceedingly rare occurrence, and then it is only liable to happen under the operation of great force. In the literature to our hand we have only been successful in discovering one reported instance, and, strange to say, in this, a well-marked case, the cause was altogether obscure. We quote the case at the end of this section.

A partial dislocation of this articulation is the condition met with in 'Buttress Foot.' In this case the fracture of the pyramidal process, and the consequent lengthening of the tendon of the extensor pedis, allows the os coronæ to occupy upon the articulatory surface of the os pedis a more backward position than normally it should.

It is quite probable, too, that slight lesions of the other restraining ligaments and tendons of the articulation may bring about a similar though less marked condition. We may be quite sure of this--that whenever such lesions (as, for example, sprain and partial rupture of the lateral ligaments) do occur, and the normal position of the opposing bones is changed, if only slightly, that great pain and excessive lameness must be the result, and this with but little to show in the foot. Many of our cases of obscure foot lameness might, if capable of demonstration, turn out to be cases of sprain and partial dislocation of the pedal articulation.

_Recorded Case_.--'The animal, a trooper of the 8th Hussars, was found on the morning of April 17 unable to bear any weight on the limb (the near hind). Cause not known--the heel-rope I thought at first; but on investigation I found the heel-rope had been on the other leg.

_Diagnosis_.--Dislocation of the left os coronæ from the articulating surface of the os pedis in a backward direction.

'Every devisable means were unsuccessful in reducing the limb to its natural position. The horse was thrown, and a strong rope, with four men pulling at it, was fastened round the hoof, whilst I put my knee to the back of the pastern, using all possible force, with one hand to the foot and the other to the fetlock, but all to no purpose. Next day other means were tried. First by throwing the horse and placing him on his belly, with the fore-legs stretched out forwards, and the hind-legs backwards. This I did so as to get the injured limb placed as nearly flat on the ground as possible, with its anterior aspect downwards. Then a very heavy man, with his boots off, was made to jump on the back of the pastern, where the prominence showed most; and afterwards, when these means failed, a strong piece of wood, well covered with leather, was placed (where the hollow of the heel ought to have been) on the most prominent part, and hit several times with a heavy hammer; but all efforts were futile.

'_Prognosis_.--Unfavourable. During the latter operations I had a very strong pressure applied to the hoof, and the horse firmly fastened in every way, and it appeared as though no amount of force would ever reduce the dislocation.

'_Tautological_.--The case was destroyed on April 30, being of no further use to the service.

'_Post-mortem_.--The os coronæ was found to have slipped out of the articulating cavity of the os pedis, backwards and past the lateral ligaments. These last-named structures prevented the bone being forced forward into its proper position, being firmly locked over the lateral prominences. The capsular ligament was considerably lacerated and inflamed, causing slight effusion and swelling about the region of the coronet.'[A]

[Footnote A: T. Flintoff, A.V.D., _Veterinary Journal_, vol. xix., p. 74.]

_Treatment_.--After the forcible means of reduction related by Mr. Flintoff, we may add that when they are successful, they should be followed by suitable bandaging of the parts, and rest. The first is effected by applying plaster of Paris and linen, and the second by having the animal put in slings.

INDEX

Accidental tearing off of the entire hoof
Acute arthritis
causes of
symptoms of
treatment of
Acute laminitis
causes of
complications in
congestion in
course of
definition of
diagnosis in
exudation in
pathological anatomy of
prognosis in
suppuration in
symptoms of
treatment of
Acute periostitis simple
Acute simple coronitis
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
prognosis of
treatment of
Acute simple synovitis
Advantages of neurectomy
Amputational neuroma after neurectomy
Anatomy, pathological, of corn
Applying poultices, method of
Arteries of the foot
Arthritis, acute
causes of
symptoms of
treatment of
Arthritis, simple or serous
Arthritis, suppurative
causes of
definition of
diagnosis of
pathology of
symptoms of
treatment of
Articulation, the first interphalangeal
Articulation, the second interphalangeal

Bar pad and a half-shoe in the treatment of contracted feet Bar shoes in the treatment of contraction Bayer's treatment for chronic laminitis Bermbach's treatment for canker Bind Bone, caries of Bones, fracture of the, after neurectomy Bones, fracture of the Bones, necrosis of Bones, the Brittle hoof causes of definition of symptoms of treatment of Broad's treatment of laminitis Broué's expansion shoe Bruised sole, chronic Buttress foot

Canker
Bermbach's treatment of
causes of
definition of
differential diagnosis in
history of
Hoffmann's treatment of
Imminger's treatment of
Malcolm's treatment of
pathological anatomy of
prognosis in
Rose's treatment of
symptoms of
treatment of
Caries of bone
Caries of the os pedis in pricked foot
Cartilage, the lateral
Cartilaginous quittor
Causes of acute laminitis
of acute simple coronitis
of brittle hoof
of canker
of chronic coronitis
of chronic laminitis
of club-foot
of corn
of contracted feet
of coronary contraction of the
foot
of crooked foot
of curved hoof
of false quarter
of flat-foot
of keraphyllocele
of nail-bound
of navicular disease
of pumiced foot
of punctured foot
of ringed hoof
of sand-crack
of seedy-toe
of side-bone
of simple chronic coronitis
of simple cutaneous quittor
of specific coronitis
of sub-horny quittor
of thrush
of weak heels
Caustic solution, Villate's
Changes in the bone in navicular disease
in the bursa in navicular disease
in the cartilage in navicular disease
in the internal structures of the foot in contraction
in the tendon in navicular disease
Charlier shoe, the
Charlier shoeing for contracted foot
Chemical properties of horn
Chronic coronitis, simple
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Chronic bruised sole
treatment of
Chronic laminitis
Bayer's treatment of
causes of
definition of
Gross's treatment of
Gunther's treatment of
Imminger's treatment of
Joly's treatment of
Meyer's treatment of
pathological anatomy of
surgical shoeing for
symptoms of
treatment of
treatment of, by ligaturing the digital arteries
Chronic oedema of the leg after neurectomy
Chronic synovitis
Clamp, sand-crack, Koster's
McGill's
Vachette's
Clamping sand-cracks, methods of
Classification of corns
of punctured foot according to the situation of the wound
of sand-crack
of quittor
Club-foot
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Cocaine injections as an aid to diagnosis in foot lamenesses
Colic, metastatic, in laminitis
Commencement, point of, in navicular disease
Common situations of the wound in punctured foot.
Complicated sand-crack, operations for
Complications in coronitis
in laminitis
in pricked foot
in sand-crack
in simple or cutaneous quittor
in sub-horny quittor
Compression as a cause of navicular disease
Concussion as a cause of navicular disease
Conformation, faulty
Congestion in laminitis
Contracted foot
causes of
changes in the internal structures of
definition of
local or coronary
prognosis of
surgical shoeing for
symptoms of
treatment of
Contraction of the foot, a bar pad and a half-shoe in the treatment of
bar shoes in the treatment of
expansion shoes in the treatment of
Corn
causes of
classification of
definition of
pathological anatomy of
prognosis in
surgical shoeing in
symptoms of
the dry
the moist
the suppurating
treatment of
Coronary contraction of the foot
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Coronary cushion, the
Coronary edge of the wall, expansion and contraction of the
Coronitis
acute simple
causes of
complications in
definition of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
Coronitis, simple chronic
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Coronitis, specific
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Course of acute laminitis
Crooked foot
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Curved hoof
causes of
definition of
treatment of
Cushion
the coronary
the plantar
Cutaneous or simple quittor

De Fay's expansion shoe.
Defective or irregular blood-supply to the bone a cause of navicular
disease
Definition
of acute laminitis
of acute simple coronitis
of brittle hoof
of canker
of chronic coronitis
of chronic laminitis
of club-foot
of contracted foot
of corn
of coronary contraction of the foot
of crooked foot
of curved hoof
of false quarter
of flat-foot
of keraphyllocele
of nail-bound
of navicular disease
of pumiced foot
of punctured foot
of pyramidal disease
of quittor
of ringed hoof
of sand-crack
of seedy-toe
of side-bone
of simple chronic coronitis
of specific coronitis
of spongy hoof
of sub-horny quittor
of thrush
of weak heels
Development of the hoof
Diagnosis
of acute laminitis
of canker
of foot lameness by injections of cocaine
of navicular disease
of punctured foot
of pyramidal disease
of side-bone
of sub-horny quittor
Differential diagnosis in canker
in navicular disease
Diseases arising from faulty conformation
Dislocation of the os coronæ
recorded case of
Dislocations
Dry corn

Einsiedel's expansion shoe
Examining the foot method of
Exercise, forced, in the treatment of laminitis
Expansion and contraction
of the coronary edge of the wall
of the hoof under the body-weight
of the solar edge of the wall
of the sole
Expansion shoe Broué's
De Fay's
Einsiedel's
Hartmann's
Smith's
Expansion shoes in the treatment of contraction
Extensor pedis tendon, the
Extirpation
of the lateral cartilage in quittor
of the lateral cartilage, after Moller and Frick
of the lateral cartilage, after Bayer
Exudation in laminitis

False quarter
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Faulty conformation
diseases arising from
Feeding a cause of laminitis
Flat-foot
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Flexor pedis perforans tendon, the
Flexor pedis perforatus tendon, the
Foot, buttress
Foot, changes in the internal structures in contraction of the
Foot, contracted
causes of
definition of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
Forced exercise in laminitis
Fractures
Fractures of the bones after neurectomy
of the navicular bone
of the os coronæ
of the os pedis
Frog, the
Functions of the lateral cartilages

Gangrene of the sensitive structures in laminitis Gathered nail Gelatinous degeneration after neurectomy Grooving the wall in laminitis (Smith's operation) in treatment of sand-crack in treatment of side-bone (Smith's operation) Gross's treatment of chronic laminitis Growth of hoof, rate of Gunther's treatment of chronic laminitis

Hartmann's expansion shoe
Heels, weak
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Heredity
as a cause of navicular disease
as a cause of side-bone
Histology of horn
History
of canker
of navicular disease
of neurectomy
Hind-feet, navicular disease in the
Hind-limb with the side-line, method of securing
Hoffmann's treatment of canker
Hoof, the
accidental tearing off of
expansion and contraction of
development of
rate of growth of
Horn
chemical properties of
histology of
Hutlederkitt

Imminger's treatment for chronic laminitis for canker Immobilizing a sand-crack by grooving the wall, methods of Infection of the limb, septic Injections of cocaine as an aid to diagnosis in foot lameness Interphalangeal articulation the first the second Instruments required in plantar neurectomy in operations on the foot Irregular blood-supply to the bone as a cause of navicular disease

Joly's treatment of chronic laminitis

Koster's sand-crack clamp
Keraphyllocele
causes of
definition of
pathological anatomy of
symptoms of
treatment of
Keratoma

Lameness, cocaine injections as an aid to diagnosis in
Laminæ, the sensitive
Laminitis
acute
Broad's treatment of
causes of
complications in
congestion in
course of
definition of
diagnosis in
exudation in
feeding, a cause of
forced exercise in the treatment of
gangrene of the sensitive structures in
grooving the wall in the treatment of
local applications in the treatment of
local bleeding in the treatment of
metastatic colic in
metastatic pneumonia in
neurectomy in
opening the sole in the treatment of
parturient
pathological anatomy of
periostitis and ostitis in
phlebotomy in the treatment of
prognosis in
rocker bar shoes in the treatment of
Smith's operation in
suppuration in
symptoms of
symptoms of, in the four feet
symptoms of, in the fore-feet alone
symptoms of, in the hind-feet alone
treatment of
Laminitis
chronic
Bayer's treatment of
causes of
definition of
Gross's treatment of
Gunther's treatment of
Imminger's treatment of
Joly's treatment of
Meyer's treatment of
pathological anatomy of
surgical shoeing for
symptoms of
treatment of
Laminitis, parturient
Lateral cartilage, the
extirpation of, in quittor, after Holier and Frick
extirpation of, in quittor, after Bayer
functions of
necrosed, pathological anatomy of
necrosis of
ossification of
wounds of
Leg, chronic oedema of the, after neurectomy
Length of rest required after neurectomy
Ligaments, the
Ligaturing the digital arteries, in chronic laminitis
Limb, septic infection of
Local applications in laminitis
Local bleeding in laminitis
Local or coronary contraction of the foot
Low ringbone

Malcolm's treatment of canker McGill's sand-crack clamp Median neurectomy Metal plates in the treatment of sand-crack Metastatic colic in laminitis Metastatic pneumonia in laminitis Methods of applying poultices of examining the foot of immobilizing sand-crack by grooving the wall Methods of restraint of securing a hind-limb with the side-line of securing the foot to the cannon of another limb Meyer's treatment of chronic laminitis Moist corn

Nail-bound
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Nail-tread
Navicular bone, the
fracture of
Navicular bursa, puncture of the, in pricked foot
Navicular bursa punctured, treatment of
Navicular disease
causes of
changes in the bone in
changes in the bursa in
changes in the cartilage in
changes in the tendon in
definition of
diagnosis of
differential diagnosis of
history of
in the hind-feet
point of commencement of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
Necrosed lateral cartilage
pathological anatomy of
Necrosis of bone
of tendon and ligament in sub-horny quittor
of the lateral cartilage (cartilaginous quittor)
Necrotic plantar aponeurosis, treatment of
Nerve, reunion of, after neurectomy
Nerves, the
Neurectomy
advantages of
amputational neuroma in
fracture of the bones after
gelatinous degeneration after
history of
instruments required in
in laminitis
length of rest required after
persistent pruritus after
pricked foot after
reunion of divided nerve after
sequelæ of
stumbling after
use of the horse after
Neurectomy
median
plantar
Neuroma, amputational, after neurectomy

Oedema of the leg after neurectomy Opening the sole in the treatment of laminitis Operation for complicated sand-crack for laminitis for necrosed lateral cartilage in quittor for necrosed plantar aponeurosis for side-bone Operations on the foot, instruments required in Operations on the horn, treatment of contracted foot by Os coronæ, the dislocation of fracture of Os pedis, the caries of, in pricked foot fracture of Osteoplastic ostitis Osteoplastic periostitis Ostitis in laminitis Ostitis, rarefying osteoplastic Ossification of the lateral cartilages (side-bone) Overreach shoeing for treatment of

Parturient laminitis
Pathological anatomy of acute laminitis
of canker
of chronic laminitis
of corn
of keraphyllocele
of necrosed lateral cartilage
of pyramidal disease
of simple cutaneous quittor
of navicular disease
Pedal articulation, puncture of the
Perforans tendon, the flexor pedis
Perforates tendon, the flexor pedis
Periople, the
Periostitis and ostitis in laminitis
Periostitis, osteoplastic
Periostitis, recorded cases of
Periostitis,
simple acute
suppurative
Periostitis, treatment of
Persistent pruritus after neurectomy
Phlebotomy in laminitis
Plantar aponeurosis,
wounds of the
treatment of necrosed
Plantar cushion
Plantar neurectomy
history of
instruments required in
operation of
Pneumonia in laminitis
metastatic
Point of commencement of navicular disease
Poultices, methods of applying
Preventive treatment of cutaneous quittor
Pricked foot
after neurectomy
complications of
Prognosis
in acute simple coronitis
in canker
in contracted foot
in corn
in laminitis
in navicular disease
in punctured foot
in sand-crack
in simple cutaneous quittor
Properties of horn, chemical
Protection of sand-crack by metal plates
Pruritus after neurectomy
Pumiced foot
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Punctured foot
causes of
classification of
common situation of the wound in
complications in
definition of
diagnosis of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
Puncture of the navicular bursa
treatment of
Puncture of the pedal articulation
Purulent synovitis
Pyramidal disease

Quittor
classification of
definition of
Quittor, simple or cutaneous
causes of
complications in
curative treatment of
definition of
pathological anatomy of
preventive treatment of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
sub-horny
causes of
complications in
definition of
diagnosis of
extirpation of the lateral cartilage in, after Moller and Frick
extirpation of the lateral cartilage in, after Bayer
necrosis of the lateral cartilage in (cartilaginous quittor)
necrosis _of_ tendon and ligament in (tendinous quittor)
surgical shoeing in
symptoms of
treatment of

Rarefying ostitis Recorded case of dislocation of the os coronæ of navicular disease in both hind-feet of periostitis of pyramidal disease Rest required after neurectomy, length of Restraint, methods of Reunion of the divided nerve after neurectomy Ringbone, low Ringed hoof causes of definition of treatment of Rocker bar shoes in laminitis Rose's treatment of canker

Sand-crack
causes of
clamp
Koster's
McGill's
Vachette's
clamping, methods of
classification of
complications in
definition of
operations for complicated
prognosis in
surgical shoeing for
symptoms of
treatment of
treatment of, by grooving the wall
treatment of, by wedging the fissure
Second interphalangeal articulation, the
Securing a hind-limb with the side-line, method of
Securing the foot to the cannon of another limb, method of
Seedy-toe
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Senile decay as a cause of navicular disease
Sensitive laminæ, the
Sensitive structures, gangrene of, in laminitis
Septic infection of the limb
Sequelæ of neurectomy
Serous arthritis
Shoe, bar
Charlier's
Charlier's tip
expansion
Broué's
De Fay's
Einsiedel's
Hartmann's
Smith's
for overreach
plate
rocker bar
slipper, Broué's
slipper and bar-clip, Einsiedel's
three-quarter
three-quarter bar
thinned tip
tip
with 'dropped' heel
with extended toe-piece
with extended toe-piece (Nunn's)
with heel-clip
with 'set' heel
Side-bone
causes of
definition of
diagnosis of
heredity a cause of
Smith's operation for
symptoms of
treatment of
Side-line, the
Simple acute coronitis
Simple acute periostitis
Simple coronitis
acute
chronic
Simple or cutaneous quittor
causes of
complications in
curative treatment of
definition of
pathological anatomy of
preventive treatment of
prognosis of
symptoms of
treatment of
Simple serous arthritis
Simple synovitis, acute
Smith's expansion shoe
operation for laminitis
operation for side-bone
Solar edge of the wall, expansion and contraction of the
Sole, chronic bruised
Sole, expansion and contraction of the
Sole, the
Specific coronitis
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Spongy hoof
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Stumbling after neurectomy
Sub-horny quittor
causes of
complications in
definition of
diagnosis of
necrosis of the lateral cartilage in (cartilaginous quittor)
necrosis of tendon and ligament in (tendinous quittor)
symptoms of
treatment of
surgical shoeing for
Suppurating corn
Suppuration in laminitis
Suppurative arthritis
causes of
definition of
diagnosis of
pathology of
symptoms of
treatment of
Suppurative periostitis
Suppurative synovitis
Surgical shoeing for corn
for chronic laminitis
for laminitis, acute
for sand-crack
for quittor
Symptoms
of acute simple coronitis
of brittle hoof
of canker
of chronic coronitis
of chronic laminitis
of club-foot
of contracted foot
of corn
of coronary contraction of the foot
of crooked foot
of false quarter
of flat-foot
of keraphyllocele
of laminitis
of laminitis in all four feet
of laminitis in the fore-feet alone
of laminitis in the hind-feet alone
of nail-bound
of navicular disease
of pumiced foot
of punctured foot
of pyramidal disease
of sand-crack
of seedy-toe
of side-bone
of simple chronic coronitis
of simple cutaneous quittor
of specific coronitis
of spongy hoof
of sub-horny quittor
of synovitis, chronic
of synovitis, purulent or suppurative
of synovitis, simple acute
of thrush
of weak heels
Synovitis, acute simple
causes of
treatment of

Tearing off of the entire hoof, accidental
Tendon
the extensor pedis
the flexor pedis perforans
the flexor pedis perforatus
Tendons, the
Thrush
causes of
definition of
symptoms of
treatment of
Tight-nailing
Tip-shoes
Tissue, the velvety
Tread, See Overreach
Treatment
of acute laminitis
of acute simple coronitis
of brittle hoof
of canker
of canker
Bermbach's
Hoffmann's
Imminger's
Malcolm's
Rose's
of chronic bruised sole
of chronic coronitis
of chronic laminitis
of chronic laminitis by ligaturing the digital arteries
of club-foot
of contracted feet
of contracted feet by expansion shoes
of contracted feet by operations on the horn
of corns
of coronary contraction of the foot
of crooked foot
of curved hoof
of cutaneous quittor
of false quarter
of keraphyllocele
of nail-bound
of navicular disease
of necrotic plantar aponeurosis
of periostitis
of pumiced foot
of punctured foot
of punctured navicular bursa
of pyramidal disease
of ringed hoof
of sand-crack
of sand-crack by clamping the fissure
of sand-crack by grooving the wall
of sand-crack by wedging the fissure
of seedy-toe
of side-bone
of simple chronic coronitis
of specific coronitis
of spongy hoof
of sub-horny quittor
of synovitis
of thrush
of weak heels
Use of the horse that has undergone neurectomy
Vachette's sand-crack clamp
Veins, the
Velvety tissue, the
Villate's caustic solution

Wall, the Weak heels causes of definition of symptoms of treatment of Wedging the fissure in the treatment of sand-crack Wound in punctured foot, common situations of the Wounds of the lateral cartilages Wounds of the plantar aponeurosis

THE END