Chapter IV: Erasures, Alterations and Additions

What Erasure Means--The English Law--What a Fraudulent Alteration Means--Altered or Erased Parts Considered--Memoranda of Alterations Should Always Accompany Paper Changed--How Added Words Should be Treated--How to Erase Words and Lines Without Creating Suspicion--Writing Over an Erasure--How to Determine Whether or Not Erasures or Alterations Have Been Made--Additions and Interlineations--What to Apply to the Suspected Document--The Alcohol Test Absolute--How to Tell which of Crossing Ink Lines Were Made First--Ink and Pencil Alterations and Erasures--Treating Paper to Determine Erasures, Alterations and Additions--Appearance of Paper Treated as Directed--Paper That Does Not Reveal Tampering--How Removal of Characters From a Paper is Affected--Easy Means of Detecting Erasures--Washing with Chemical Reagents--Restoration of Original Marks--What Erasure on Paper Exhibits--Erasure in Parchments--Identifying Typewritten Matter--Immaterial Alterations--Altering Words in an Instrument--Alterations and Additions Are Immaterial When Interests of Parties Are Not Changed or Affected--Erasure of Words in an Instrument

CHAPTER V

HOW TO WRITE A CHECK TO PREVENT FORGING

How a Paying Teller Determines the Amount of a Check--Written Amount and Amount in Figures Conflict--Depositor Protected by Paying Teller--Chief Concern of Drawer of a Check--Transposing Figures--Writing a Check That Cannot Be Raised--Writers who Are Easy Marks for Forgers--Safeguards for Those who Write Checks--An Example of Raised Checks--Payable "To Bearer" Is Always a Menace--Paying Teller and An Endorsement System Must Be Observed in Writing Checks--How a Check Must Be Written to Be Absolutely Safe--A Signature that Cannot Be Tampered with Without Detection--Paying Tellers Always Vigilant

CHAPTER VI

METHODS OF FORGERS, CHECK AND DRAFT RAISERS

Professional Forgers and Their Methods--Using Engravers and Lithographers--Their Knowledge of Chemicals--Patching Perforated Paper--Difficult Matter to Detect Alterations and Forgeries--Selecting Men for the Work--The Middle Man, Presenter, and Shadow--Methods for Detecting Forgery--Detailed Explanation of How Forgers Work--Altering and Raising Checks and Drafts--A Favorite Trick of Forgers--Opening a Bank Account for a Blind--Private Marks on Checks no Safeguard--How a Genuine Signature Is Secured--Bankers Can Protect Themselves--A Forger the Most Dangerous Criminal--Bankers Should Scrutinize Signatures--Sending Photograph with Letter of Advice--How to Secure Protection Against Forgers--Manner in Which Many Banks Have Been Swindled--Points About Raising Checks and Drafts That Should Be Carefully Noted