Chapter II: Part 2

What was their conduct not only in their homes but in their relations with their neighbors? Did they live peaceably and work together in building up the settlements? Did they set up in the wilderness domestic relations exactly like those they had abandoned over-seas? It was a raw frontier country to which they came and it is apparent that at the outset they felt themselves to be transplanted Englishmen. So far as possible they lived the lives to which they had been accustomed and they engrafted in their new homes the manners and customs of the generations behind them. Most of them fully recognized, however, that they were not to return; that they had cut loose from the old home ties and it was not long before the necessities and limitations of frontier life brought about changed conditions in every direction. Politically, religiously and socially, they were in a different relation than formerly in the English parish life. Many of them, especially those somewhat removed from the immediate supervision of magistrate and minister, before long seem to have shown a tendency to follow the natural bent of the frontiersman toward independent thought and action. Their political leaders made laws restricting daily life and action and their religious leaders laid down rules for belief and conduct, that soon were repellent to many. Civil and clerical records are filled with instances showing an evasion of and even contempt for the laws and rules laid down by the leaders of their own choosing. Some of it doubtless was in the blood of the men who had come in search of a certain individual freedom of action, but much of it may be attributed to frontier conditions and primitive living. There were many indentured servants, and rough fishermen and sailors have always been unruly. Simple houses of but few rooms accommodating large families are not conducive to gentle speech or modesty of manner nor to a strict morality. The craving for land holding and the poorly defined and easily removed bounds naturally led to ill feeling, assault, defamation, and slander.

It has been stated frequently that in the olden times in New England every one was obliged to go to church. The size of the meeting houses, the isolated locations of many of the houses, the necessary care of the numerous young children, and the interesting side-lights on the manners of the time which may be found in the court papers, all go to show that the statement must not be taken literally. Absence from meeting, breaking the Sabbath, carrying a burden on the Lord’s Day, condemning the church, condemning the ministry, scandalous falling out on the Lord’s Day, slandering the church, and other misdemeanors of a similar character were frequent.

A curious instance of Sabbath breaking occurred at Hampton, N. H. in 1646. Aquila Chase and his wife and David Wheeler were presented at court for gathering pease on the Sabbath. They were admonished. The family tradition has it that Aquila returned from sea that morning and his wife wishing to supply a delicacy for dinner, fell into grave error in thus pandering to his unsanctified appetite.

At the Feb. 29, 1648 session of the court held in Salem, eight cases were tried. A Gloucester man was fined for cursing, saying “There are the brethern; the devil scald them.” Four servants were fined for breaking the Sabbath by hunting and killing a raccoon in the time of the public exercise to the disturbance of the congregation. If the animal had taken to the deep woods instead of staying near the meeting house the servants might have had their fun without paying for it. Then came a Marblehead case--a man who had sailed his boat into the harbor loaded with hay that he had brought from Gloucester. This was on the Lord’s Day at the time when people were going to the morning exercises. He, too, was fined. Nicholas Pinion, who worked at the Saugus Iron Works, was presented for absence from meeting four Lord’s Days together, “spending his time drinking and prophanely,” and Nicholas Russell of the same locality was fined for spending a great part of one Lord’s Day with Pinion in drinking strong water and cursing Pinion’s wife thereby causing jealousy in the family; and the woman in question having broken her bond for good behavior, was ordered to be severely whipped. The other cases were for swearing, in which the above named lady was included; for being disguised in drink; and for living from his wife. And so the court ended.

Drunkenness was very common in the old days. Every family kept on hand a supply of liquor and wine, and cider was considered a necessity of daily living in the country, where it was served with each meal and also carried into the fields by the workers. It was stored in barrels in the cellar and the task of drawing the cider and putting it on the table usually fell to the younger members of the family. A man would often provide in his will for the comfort of his loving wife by setting aside for occupancy during her life, one half of his house, with a carefully specified number of bushels of rye, potatoes, turnips and other vegetables; the use of a horse with which to ride to meeting or elsewhere; and lastly, the direction that annually she be provided with a certain number of barrels of cider,--sometimes as many as eight.

Rev. Edward Holyoke, the President of Harvard College, was in the habit of laying in each year thirty or more barrels of cider as he had to provide for much entertaining. Late in the winter he would draw off part of his stock and into each barrel he would pour a bottle of spirit and a month later some of this blend would be bottled for use on special occasions.

Showing wellsweep, wooden bucket and girl dressed in the costume of the late 17th century]

As an example of life and manners in seventeenth century New England, the ministerial experiences of Topsfield may be cited. It is an inland town near Ipswich and was settled in 1639. The first minister was the Rev. William Perkins who had been a selectman and representative at Weymouth and a member of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in Boston. Later he preached at Gloucester where one of his flock was presented at court for unbecoming speeches against Mr. Perkins, saying “if it were not for the law, shee would never come to the meeting, the teacher was so dead ... affirming that the teacher was fitter to be a ladys chamberman than to be in the pulpit.”[21] He removed to Topsfield in 1656 and before long was collecting his salary through the courts. Some of his flock retaliated and brought him into court for drunkenness, when it appeared that he had stopped at the Malden ordinary and called for a cup of sack but goody Hill told him that he had had too much already and Master Perkins replied “if you think I am drunk let me see if I can not goe” and he went tottering about the kitchen and said the house was so full of potts and kettles that he could hardly go.

In 1663 a meeting house was built in Topsfield, and the Rev. Thomas Gilbert, a Scotchman, supplanted Mr. Perkins. The new minister also had a love for good wine and after a time Mr. Perkins entered a complaint and it appears from the records that one sacrament day Mr. Gilbert entertained at dinner a number of the older men and women whose homes were distant from the meeting house. He possessed a golden cup and what was left of the sacramental wine was drunk at dinner, the cup being passed around the table at least twice, the minister drinking deeply with the not unusual result, for he forgot to give thanks and sang a psalm with lisping utterance. Mr. Gilbert was followed in his pastorate by the Rev. Jeremiah Hobart, a Harvard graduate, who, during his eight years stay in Topsfield, became a familiar figure in the courts because of suits for non-payment of salary, for cursing and swearing, and for a damaging complaint for slander exhibiting much discreditable testimony. Then came the Rev. Joseph Capen and during his pastorate of over forty years the town and church enjoyed a peaceful growth interrupted only by the witchcraft delusion of 1692 in which an attempt to appropriate land of Topsfield men played an important part.

But manners and crimes vary with the centuries as do dress and speech. In the year 1655, the following crimes were penalized in the courts of the Massachusetts Bay Colony: eavesdropping, meddling, neglecting work, naughty speech, profane dancing, kissing, making love without consent of friends, uncharitableness to a poor man in distress, carelessness about fire, wearing great boots, etc., and a few years later we find other strange misdemeanors, such as abusing a mother-in-law, wicked speeches against a son-in-law, kicking another in the street, leaving children alone in the house, pulling hair, riding behind two fellows at night (this was a girl, Lydia by name), sleeping in meeting and dissenting from the rest of the jury.

With such minute supervision of the daily life of the colonists it can readily be appreciated that it was an age for gossiping, meddlesome interference with individual life and liberty and that in the course of time nearly every one came before the courts as complainant, defendant or witness. There were few amusements or intellectual diversions and they could only dwell on the gossip and small doings of their immediate surroundings. But all the while there was underlying respect for law, religion and the rights of others. The fundamental principles of human life were much the same as at the present day, and men and women lived together then as now and as they always will--with respect and love.

AN ACCOUNT OF SUPPLIES FURNISHED BY
THE COMPANY OF THE MASSACHUSETTS BAY
TO REV. SAMUEL SKELTON, THE
MINISTER AT SALEM.

The following account of food, fabrics, household supplies and equipment furnished by the Company of the Massachusetts Bay to Rev. Samuel Skelton, the first minister at Salem, is of much economic interest. The emigrants sailed from London about the middle of April, 1629 and reached the harbor of Naumkeak (now Salem) on June 30th. Mr. Skelton died Aug. 2, 1634 and this accounting may have been made up after his death. It begins in 1629 at the time of the departure from England and covers an indeterminate period. The increase of livestock over a period of _five years_ is described and this seems to indicate the period of residence at Salem until his death.

It is enlightening to find that the Massachusetts Bay Company seems to have maintained a company shop at which supplies of all kinds might be obtained; and it is a matter for comment that the minister’s family was supplied during the voyage and in the early days following the settlement, with such luxuries as powdered sugar, salad oil, castile soap and almonds, not to mention, also, a variety of spices, such as pepper, cloves, mace, and nutmegs.

The original of this document may be seen in the Suffolk County Court Files, Volume I.

Other interesting lists of all kinds of materials sent over by the Company, may be found in the Company records printed by the Commonwealth in 1853 (Vol. I, pp. 23-37) and also by the American Antiquarian Society (Transactions, Vol. III, pp. 5-30e).

Coppie of An Accompte of monies M^r Skelton is Creditor viz.

li. s. d.
An^o 1629 Imprimis p so much w^{ch} should }
haue bene paid him in England } 20-00-00
towards fitting him for y^e voy^{adg} }
Item for Charges att Tillbury, Cowes,
& Plimoth, being wind bound 02-10-00
Item p Twenty ^{li} p Annum for 3
years is y^e some of 60-00-00
Item for on bushell of wheat flowe^r 00-15-00
Ite. for one bushell of oatmeale 00-10-00
Ite. for one holland & 2 ordenary
Cheess 00-10-00
Ite. for xx^{li} of powder sugar att 01-03-09
Ite. for one Loafe Cont 7^{li} att 1^s 6^d 00-10-06
Ite. for one sugar Loafe Cont 5^{li} att
1^s 7^d p li. 00-07-11
Ite. 6^{li} of pepper 00-12-00
Ite. Nutmeggs 4 oz 00-01-08
Ite. one oz. of Clovs, & one oz. of mace 00-02-00
Ite. iij^{li} of starch 00-01-03
Ite. xij^{li} of Rice 00-06-00
Ite. vj^{li} of Vntryed suett 00-03-00
Ite. one gall of aquavite 00-03-08
Ite. for one flitch of Bacon 00-14-00
Ite. Castle soape ix^{li} att 8^d p li 00-06-00
Ite. frute viz Rasons Corrants &
pruens 00-14-00
Ite. Safron ij oz 00-05-00
Ite. five qu of stronge water 00-08-00
Ite. Almonds ij^{li} at 1^s 2^d 00-02-04
Ite. xv^{li} of tryed suett at 8^d p. li 00-10-00
Ite. one gall of Sallert oyle 00-06-00
Ite. vj^{li} of Candles 00-03-00
Ite. v geese & ix ducks 00-08-00

An^o 1630 Ite. xij^{li} of Butter att 00-08-00
Ite. vj potts of Butter Cont. vij^{li} p pott 01-08-00
Ite. ij Cheeses about x li a pc 00-11-08
Ite. half a firkin of butter of M^r Gibbs 00-17-06
Ite. one Third p^rt of a barrell of w^t
biskett 00-10-00
Ite. one pott of honey vij^{li} wa^t att 00-07-10
Ite. one pott of butte^r att 00-03-00
Ite. x^{li} of Corrants att 00-05-00
Ite. [ ] Bacon 00-10-00
Ite. one doz of Candles 00-08-00
Ite. ij Cheeses att vj^d p li 00-11-03
Ite. iij Cheeses att vij p. li 00-17-09
Ite. one porkett 01-05-00
Ite. xij^{li} of tryed suett 00-08-00
Ite. vj gees & xij ducks 00-14-00
Ite. vj po: of powder suger about 20^d 00-10-00
Ite. v po: of powder suger 18^d 00-07-06
Ite. x^{li} of Loaf suger 01-00-00
Ite. Cloves & mace 00-01-00
Ite. ij oz of Nutmeggs j^s & Sinam^o 16^d 00-02-04
Ite. workmens wadges for Cutting
& bringing home wood against
winter about 03-00-00
---------
Suma to^{lis} 105-18-11

Item ⅌ so much p^d M^r Pearce[22]
for provisions of meale, pease,
Canvas, Carsey & etcr w^{th} 3^{li}
5^s 9^d after 25^{li} ⅌ Cent. & freight.
I say p^d the some of 12-15-01
Ite. for 3 quarts of aquavite 00-03-09
Ite. for x^{li} of Rice att 5d 00-04-02
Ite. 10^{li} of Butt[er] att 00-06-08
Ite. 4 Chees[es] att 01-03-04
Ite. 10 peeces of pork 00-11-08
Ite. more 20^{li} of Butter 00-10-00
Ite. more 4 bushells Virginia Corne 02-00-00
Ite. soape 7^s & vinege^r 4 gall^o 8^s &
1 g^l 2^s 00-17-00
Ite. 2 pecke of w^t salte att 00:03:00
---------
Sumis 18-14-08
And on the other syde the totall some of 105-18-11
---------
Suma to ^{lis} 124-13-07

Now ye Increase

The first yeare next after the receipte of the 2 heiffers, both the Calues miscaried, one about a quarter ould dyed, the other neare upon a yeare ould lost by the woolves.

The second yeare there was a heiffer Calfe and a bull Calfe, w^{ch} heiffer is now in my hands And the Bull Calfe M^r Skelton sould att one ye^r and three quarters ould for eight pounds.

The Therd yeare was which the beginning of winter weare both eaten with the woolves. Now since the three foresaid years, the next yeare after was Twoe bull Calvs, and an heiffer Calfe, the springe before M^r Skeltons death.

And This yeare since was Three bull Calues Twoe wherof are dead the one when it was about Twenty & twoe weeks ould, the other since winter did begin. Now for the keeping of the Catle w^{ch} should haue beene att the Companyes Chardge, hath wholly lyen vpon vs.

M^r Skeltons account w^{th} the Companie
M^r Skelton is D pr viz
li. s. d
⅌ 14 yards of Dutch serge Rec^d att 02-05-09

It. 17 yards of ffustian att 01-07-00
It. 11 yards of w^t English ieans 00-13-09
It. 12 yards of Red p petuana 01-16-00
It. 12 yards of Greene say 01-13-00
It. 12 yards of yellow say 01-13-00
It 12 elns of lin [torn] men 00-14-00
It. 14 elns Nouess [torn] llain 01-17-04
It. 20 elns o[f loc] krum 01-05-10
It. 20 elns stript [linsey] woolsye 01-09-04
It. [ ] yards [torn] buckrum 00-05-03
It. one peece of Noridg serg 00-15-00
It. 20 elns of Lockerum 01-05-10
It. 15 yards of w^t fflannell 00-15-00
It. 20 elns of Course Canvas 01-04 [torn]
It. one pound of whalbone 0 [torn]
---------
20-11-00
Item ⅌ so much p^d ⅌ M^r Renell
p^rt of M^r Pearce his bill, the some of 08-00-00
Item ⅌ 9^{li} of Iron att 3^d is 00-02-03
It. ⅌ one syth 00-03-00
It. ⅌ one fishing line 00-03-00
It. ⅌ 30 pound ocum 00-07-06
It. ⅌ 2000 Nails 6^d p C. 00-10-00
It. ⅌ 600 Nails 10^d p C. 00-05-05
It. ⅌ 1 Reame of paper 00-10-00
Item, borrowed of Cp. Endicot of
y^e Comp. 7 yrds of bays att 2^s 6^d
⅌ y^d is 00-17-06
halfe a elne of ffustian att 00-00-10
It. 2 yards & half of yellow Carsey
3^s 4^d 00-08-04
---------
Suma To^{lis} St. 031-19-05

Ite. 2 gall of Metheglen 00-08-00
It. one Lethe^r Jack 00-01-06
It. two Tubbs }
It. one wooden hand boule }
Ite. vinegar } 00-03-06
It. 3 peuter botle^s quarts }
It. one pinte peute^r botle 00-00-10
Ite. one hatt 00-10-00
---------
33-03-03

rec of M^r Winthrop Govern^r
Ite. 3 y^rds of Cambrick
6 y^rds & a h: of Loomeworke
2 Drinking hornes
8 p^r of shoes for men
6 p^r of gray stockings for men
6 p^r of stockings for women
6 p^r of stockings for children
10 y^rds of Carsey
Thred
2000 of pinnes
6 Alls
one webb of blew gartering
2 knots of Tape

AN INVOICE OF ENGLISH GOODS SHIPPED TO
NEW ENGLAND ABOUT 1690.

In July, 1694, suit was brought in the Court at Boston, by John Caxy of London, England, against Joseph Mallenson of Boston, to whom the London merchant had consigned various goods for the Boston market, the shipment consisted of a great variety of clothing, fabrics, hardwear, implements, kitchen utensils and pewter. Mallenson not having remitted for the goods, suit was bought and a copy of the invoice was presented at court and is still preserved among the Massachusetts State Archives. This document throws considerable light on the furnishings of the colonial home at that time and the prevailing scale of prices.

Invoice and Contents of Sundry Goods Laden on Board the good ship called the Friendship Capt. John Ware Comand^r bound from this Port of London for Boston in New England and goes consigned to M^r Joseph Mallenson for the proper Accompt & Risque of John Caxy.

One Large Fatt q^t Felt & Castor hatts as viz^t N^o. 1.

N^o. 1 3 doz: Boyes Felts Edged & Lin’d
at 14/p doz: £2.02.0
2 3 doz: ditto at 16 p doz: 2.08.0
3 3 doz: ditto at 18 p doz: 2.14.0
4 3 doz: ditto at 20/ p doz: 3.00.0
5 4 doz: Mens felts at 34^s 6.16.0
6 10 doz: ditto at 40^s p doz: 20.00.0
7 3 doz: ditto at 48^s p doz: 7.04.0
8 3 doz: Mens Carrolinas at 8/6 p ps 15.06.0
1 4 doz: Mens Castors at 5/6 13.04.0
2 3 doz: ditto at 6/6 11.14.0
3 2 doz: ditto at 7/9 9.06.0
4 2 doz: ditto at 9/ 10.16.0
5 1 doz: ditto at 11/ 6.12.0
6 doz: Rubers at 15^d p doz: 0.07.6

6 doz: ditto at 2/6 p doz: 15.00.0
a Large Fatt Cost 12^s 12.00.0
----------
£112.16.6

One Small Case haire Powder, & Wash Balls No 1.

4 doz & halfe of Sweet haire Powder at 8^d doz: 1.16.0
3 li of best Damask Powder at 3/ p li 0.09.0
7 gross Wash Balls at 8^d p g^s 2.16.0
a Case cost 2^s 0.02.0
-------
5.03.6

Two hh^{ds} Turnerie Ware N^o 1 & 2 as viz^t & 7 bundles of
Steel Shoe Shovells & Spads N^o 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7

3 Pottle Tun Canns at 3.09.00
2 doz: Fine pint Tun Canns at 18.00.00
6 quart Tunn Canns at 06.00
3 Three pint Tunn Canns at 04.00
4 Snap Mouse Traps 01.00
4 Double fall Mouse Traps at 02.02
2 Single fall Mouse Traps at 01.04
2 Large Single fall Mouse Traps at 01.06
4 Wooden Ratt Traps with Springs at 05.00
1 doz: Punch Strainers Sett up 02.09
9 doz: 6 best Maple Treachers at 30/ p doz: 1.06.11
1 doz: Milk Trayes at 11.00
3 doz: Platters at 6/ 18.00
3 doz: hand Boles at 3/6 10.06
1 doz: Porridge Dishes at 11.04
2 doz: handle Boles at 8/p doz: 16.00
2 doz: Carved Spoons at 6^d p doz: 01.00
6 doz: Beer Tapps at 3^d p doz: 01.06
5 gs 2 doz: plaine Spoons at 2/6 p gro. 12.11
1 gs Course haire Cottons kom’d at 2/9 1.13.00
1 gs Midle hayre cottons kom’d at 3/3 1.19.00
6 doz: Large haire Strainers at 2/ p doz 12.00
3 doz: Small haire ditto at 18^d p doz 04.06
2 doz: Midle Bellows at 18/ p doz 1.16.00
1 doz: 6. Small ditto at 16/ p doz 1.04.00
1 doz: Sucking Bottles at 2^s 12.00
1 doz: Large Ladles at 1^s8 01.08
1 doz: Small ditto 01.00
12 doz: Steel Shod Shovells & Spads at 16/ 9.12.00
2 hh^{ds} Cost 7^s each 14.00
--------
25.03.10

One Case Lookeing Glasses N^o 3 as

N^o 1 6 Dressing Glasses 10 Inches in Sight at 5/ ps. 1.10.0
2 6 ditto at 6^s ps 11 Inches in Sight 1.16.0
3 6 ditto at 7^s ps 12 Inches in Sight 2.02.0
4 3 Glasses in Large Frames at 15/ ps 12 Inches 2.05.0
5 3 ditto at 18^s ps 14 Inches in Sight 2.14.0
6 2 ditto at 22^s ps 16 Inches in Sight 2.04.0
7 2 ditto at 28^s ps 18 Inches in Sight 2.16.0
8 2 ditto at 35^zs ps 20 Inches 3.10.0
A Case Cost 5^s 05.0
-------
19.02.0

One Case N^o 2 q^t as viz^t

N^o 1 2 Perriwiggs at 18^s p ps 1.16.0
2 2 ditto at 2^s 2.00.0
3 1 ditto at 25^s 1.05.0
4 1 ditto at 30^s 1.10.0
-------
6.11.0

N^o 1 2 doz: Child, woll hose at 5^s p doz: 10.0
2 2 doz: ditto at 6/8 13.4
3 1 doz: ditto at 8/ 08.0
4 1 doz: ditto at 10/ 10.0
5 2 doz: Womens Woll ditto at 9/6 19.0
6 2 doz: ditto at 10/6 1.01.0
7 1 doz ditto at 11/6 11.6
8 1 doz ditto at 13/6 13.6
9 1 doz ditto Mens Wool at 13/ 13.0
10 2 doz ditto at 15/6 1.11.0
11 2 doz ditto at 18/ 1.16.0
12 1 doz ditto at 20/ 1.00.0
13 1 doz ditto black at 22/ 1.02.0
14 1 doz Womens Worst ditto at 29/ 1.09.0
15 1 doz Mens Short Worst Mixt at 36/ 1.16.0
16 1 doz ditto at 38/ 1.18.0
17 1 doz ditto at 43/ 2.03.0
18 1 doz ditto black at 40/ 2.00.0
19 1 doz Mens Mixt Role at 45/ 2.05.0
20 1 doz ditto at 52/ p doz 2.12.0
21 1 doz ditto bla: & blew at 52^s 2.12.0
1 Case Cost w^{th} Cords 2/ 02.0
--------
28.05.4

Thirty One Quoiles of Cordage Con^t as vix^d

N^o. 1 3 Inch 1/4 qt 3.02.09
2 1 ditto 4 Inches 4.01.00
3 1 ditto 5 Inches 6.01.06
4 1 ditto 5-3/4 Inches 8.02.02
5 1 ditto 6 9.01.25
6 1 Quoile 3 2.03.25
7 1 Quoile 2-3/4 2.02.08
8 1 Quoile 2-1/4 1.03.13
9 1 Quoile 2-1/2 2.00.10
10 1 Quoile 2-1/2 2.00.12
11 1 Quoile 2-1/4 1.03.23
12 1 ditto 2-1/2 2.00.17
13 1 ditto 2-3/4 2.02.04
14 1 ditto 3 Inches 3.01.02
15 2 ditto 2 2.00.25
16 2 ditto 2 2.00.12
17 2 ditto 2 2.00.21
18 2 ditto 2 2.00.13
19 2 ditto 1 Inch 1/2 1.02.24
20 2 ditto 1-1/2 1.01.13
21 3 ditto 1-1/4 1.03.20
22 2 ditto 1-3/4 1.03.11
23 3 Quoiles 1-1/4 1.02.27
1 Cable 8 Inches 3/4 19.00.14
2 5-1/2 7.02.26
1 ditto 4-1/2 5.01.22
1 ditto 4-3/2 5.03.07
1 Quoile 2-3/4 2.01.11
1 Quoile 2-3/4 2.01.11
1 Quoile 2-1/4 1.01.08
For a Lyghter to carry it on board 15.00

One hh^d N^o 4 q^t wro^t Brass & wro^t Iron worke as viz^d

12 brass Kettles q^t 1 C. O.4^{li} at 15^d p li 7.05.0
2 pr of 8 Square Monument Candlesticks 15.0
2 pr ditto at 6^s 12.0
2 pr ditto at 5^s 10.0
2 pr ditto at 4^s 08.0
2 pr ditto at 3/6 07.0
2 pr ditto at 3/ 06.0
2 pr of 4 square ditto at 7/ 14.0
2 pr of ditto at 6^s 12.0
2 pr of Round ditto at 3/6 07.0
2 pr of ditto at 4^s 08.0
2 pr ditto at 4^s 6 09.0
2 pr ditto at 5/ 10.0
2 pr ditto at 5/6 11.0
2 pr ditto at 6/6 13.0
6 doz: Iron Sp^r Candlesticks at 5/6 1.13.0
2 Fine Mortars & Pestells at 4/ 08.0
2 ditto at 4/6 09.0
2 ditto at 5/6 11.0
2 ditto at 7/3 14.6
1 doz. Flower Boxes 11.0
1 doz Pepper Boxes 06.0
5 doz Brass Snuffers at 7/6 1.17.6
6 Snuffers Stands at 10.6
4 Snuffers Panns at 04.8
1 doz: Beife Forkes 07.0
1 doz Grid. Irons w^{ta} 98 Ribbs 17.0
18 plaine Bellows 1.03.0
4 doz: Alkomy Spoons at 12/9 11.0
2 doz: ditto at 2/3 04.6
1 doz: Brass Extinguishers 03.0
6 brass Ladles at 6^s 6^d 03.3
6 ditto at 9d 04.6
6 ditto at 14^d 07.0
6 Slices at 7^d 03.6
6 ditto at 9 04.6
2 doz: brass Save-alls at 5^s p doz 10.0
3 doz ditto at 4/ 12.0
3 doz ditto at 3/6 10.6
2 doz ditto at 3/ 06.0
1 doz dubble Iaggers 06.0
1 doz: ditto at 06.0
2 doz: Single ditto at 3^s 9 07.6
2 doz: Small mincers at 7^s 14.0
1 doz Large ditto at 15.6
1 doz Chopers 12.0
1 doz Cleavers 17.6
3 doz Small padlocks at 5^s 6 16.6
2 doz: ditto at 6^s p doz 12.0
2 doz: ditto at 7/9 p doz 15.6
1 doz ditto at 09.6
10 doz Scuers w^{th} fraimes 16.6
2 doz: Small Sp^r. Locks at 8^s p doz 16.0
2 doz Duble Sp^r Locks at 17/ p doz 1.14.0
4 bundles Frying Pans q^t 1 C. 1. 26^{li} at 45/ 3.09.6
1 hh^d Cost 6^s 06.0
-------
41.11.5

One Trunk N^o 1 q^t Nothing butt Buttons as viz^t

N^o. 1 12 gs Gimp Fallow Brest at 9^d p gro 09.0
2 48 gs Gymp Fallow Coatt at 1.11^d 2.04.0
3 34 baggs Coat Pillers q^t 136 gro: 18^d p gro: 10.04.0
4 10 gross bla: haire best at 20^d 16.8
5 10 baggs best Pillers Coats q^t 40 gro: at 23^d 3.16.8
6 24 gross Silke browne best at 23^d 2.06.0
7 13 baggs q^t 52 gross of Accor. Coats 2/6 p gs 6.10.0
8 12 gross bla: hayre Milo Coats 3/3^d 1.19.0
9 20 gross Cutt haire Coats at 3/10 p gs 3.16.8
10 30 gross Large Silke Coats at 3/10 5.15.0
A Trunk & Cords Cost 15/ 15.0
-------
38.12.0

One Large hh^d N^o 3 q^t of Tinnerie Ware as viz^t

6 Lanthorns at 2^s 3^d p L 13.6
5 ditto at 21^d 10.6
6 ditto at 18^d 09.0
2 Large fish kettles & plates at 5^s 10.0
2 Small ditto at 3^s 06.0
2 doz Slices at 2/6 05.0
6 Large pastry panns at 22^d 11.0
6 Small ditto at 14^d 07.0
3 Setts Kettles at 1.01.0
3 doz: Pockett Graters at 2^s p doz 06.0
3 doz ditto at 20^d 05.0
1 doz Large Square pudding pans at 14^s 14.0
1 doz ditto Small at 12^d 12.0
6 paire of Snuffers & panns at 18^d p 09.0
6 hanging Candlesticks at 12^d 06.0
2 doz: Large Corringers at 4^s 08.0
3 doz Midle ditto at 3^s 09.0
2 doz: Small ditto at 2/ 04.0
6 Large Funnells at 9^d ps 04.6
2 doz quart ditto at 6/ p doz 12.0
2 doz pint ditto at 4/ p doz 08.0
2 doz ditto at 2/6 05.0
2 doz ditto at 2/ 04.0
1 doz Large Sauce panns at 8^d p ps 08.0
2 doz: quart ditto at 6^d p ps 12.0
2 doz: point ditto at 4/6 09.0
2 doz: Flower Boxes at 3/6 07.0
2 doz: pepper boxes at 2/6 05.0
4 Large Dripping pans at 2/3 09.0
6 Small ditto at 20^d 10.0
1 doz Quart potts at 6^d ps 06.0
2 doz: pint ditto at 4/ p doz 08.0
1 doz: Large Round Pudding panns 13^d 13.0
1 doz ditto Small at 11^d 11.0
1 doz: Candlesticks at 6^d ps 06.0
6 Planish Candlesticks at 8^d 04.0
1 doz Casting Ladles at 4^d ps 04.0
1 doz: bread Graters at 7^d ps 07.0
1 doz: ditto at 4^d ps 04.0
1 doz: Tinder boxes & at 8s 08.0
8 Candle Boxes at 14^d ps 09.4
6 round Fish plates at 11^d ps 05.6
6 Cullendars at 16^d ps 08.0
1 doz halfe pint potts at 2^d ps 02.0
A Large Casque Cost 9^s 09.0
-------
18.04.4

One Bayle of Stuffs & N^o 8 q^t as viz^t

N^o 1 12 ps Worst. Fancies at 20^s 12.00.0
2 3 Woollen Shades at 22^s ps 3.00.0
3 6 playne Silke Crapes at 23/ ps 6.18.0
4 6 Stript Worst. Crapes at 23/ 6.18.0
5 2 Strip’t Silke Crapes at 26/ 2.12.0
6 4 Spotted Strip’t Silke Crapes at 26/ 5.04.0
7 2 Sattin Strip’t Crapes at 28/ 2.16.0
8 10 Strip’t Druggetts at 28/ 14.00.0
9 3 Woollen Damask at 29^s 4.07.0
10 6 Mixt Serges at 30/ 9.00.0
11 2 Strip’t ditto at 33^s 3.06.0
13 10 Silke Fancies at 36/ ps 18.00.0
14 6 Effigianes at 38/ ps 11.08.0
15 6 Silke Damaske at 46/ 13.16.0
16 3 Strip’t Cambletts at 46^s 6.18.0
17 1 Mock Calliminco at 3 3.00.0
18 1 Right ditto 4.00.0
19 3 Role ps Silke Fancies q^t 37:37:37-1/2
is 111-1/2 yd at 18^d 8.07.3
20 1 ps Red Flannel q^t 20 )
21 1 ps Yello ditto q^t 21 ) 110 yds at 14^d 6.08.4
22 1 ps ditto q^t 25 )
23 1 ps white q^t 44 )
peices 92
A Coard & Canvis paper & packing 1.04.0
4 doz: of Course hose in ditto Bale
--------
146.14.7

One Drume Fatt N^o 2 Containing Pewter as viz^t

12 Pottle Tankards at 3^s 10^d ps 2.06.0
12 Quart ditto at 3^s 1.16.0
24 Midle ditto at 2/6 3.00.0
24 Small ditto at 2/ 2.08.0
12 doz: Large Poringers at 9^s 6^d p. doz 5.14.0
12 doz: Small ditto at 8/ 4.16.0
3 pr New-fashion’d Candlesticks at 4^s 12.0
3 pr ditto at 3^s 09.0
2 pr Round ditto at 2^s 10^d 05.8
a Fatt Cost 07.0

One Drume Fatt No 3 q^t more Pewter viz^t

18 Large Chamber Potts at 2/10^s ps 2.11.0
30 Middle ditto at 2^s d^d 3.10.0
40 Small ditto at 2^s 4.00.0
12 doz Alkney Spoons at 2/9 1.13.0
24 doz Powder ditto at 2/3^d p doz 2.14.0
12 Large Salts at 2^s 2 ps 1.06.0
24 Middle ditto at 20^d ps 2.00.0
48 Small ditto at 12^d ps 2.08.0
18 Basons q^t 32-1/2 at 12^d 1.12.6
2 doz: Sawcers at 9^s p doz 18.0
4 doz Small ditto at 7^s p doz 1.08.0
2 Pottle Wine Measure Potts at 5/6 11.0
6 Quart ditto at 2/8 16.0
6 Pint ditto Potts at 22^d ps 11.0
6 halfe Pint ditto at 14^d 07.0
6 Quartern ditto Potts at 9^d p ps 04.6
a ffat Cost 7^s 07.0

One halfe Barell Fatt N^o 4 Con^t more pewter

N^o A 78 Dishes q^t 265^{li} at 9^d 1/2 10.09.9-1/2
A ffat Cost 3^s6 03.6
------------
£76.02.5-1/2

One Bayle of Lincy Woolsie Con^t 30 ps

No 7 at 31^s ps 46.10.0
Canvis &c^a 1.07.0
----------
47.17.0

Two Large Bayles of Kersyes N^o 4:5 viz^t

N^o A 3 Browns)
1 Gray ) at 26^s p ps. 5.04.0
B 3 Browne)
1 Gray ) at 28^s ps 5.12.0
C 1 Browne)
3 Grays ) at 30^s 6.00.0
D 4 Browns at 31^s 6.04.0
E 4 Browns at 32^s 6.08.0
F 3 Browns)
2 Grays ) at 35^s 10.10.0
G 4 Browns)
2 Grays ) at 37^s 11.02.0
H 4 Browns)
2 Grays ) at 38^s 11.08.0
I 6 Browns at 39^s 11.14.0
K 3 Browns)
2 Drabbs) at 42^s 12.12.0
1 Gray )
L 6 Honly Reds at 42^s 12.12.0
M 2 Grays )
1 Drabb )
3 Browns ) at 43^s ps 25.16.0
6 Nap’t )
N 3 Browns)
2 Grays ) at 58^s ps 14.08.0
1 Drabb )
O 3 Browns)
3 Grays ) at 55^s ps 20 yds Long 16.10.0
Canvis Cord Paper & packing 38^s p bayle 3.16.0
----------
159.16.0

One Bayle of Cottons of Severall Collers viz^t

6 White Cottons at 15/ 4.10.0
6 White ditto at 20/ 6.00.0
6 Red ditto)
5 Blew ditto)
5 Cloth Cullerd ditto) at 17^s p ps 19.11.0
5 Ashe Cullerd ditto)
2 Yellow ditto)
4 Red ditto at 23^s ps 4.12.0
1 Blew ditto at 24/ 1.04.0
Canvis & Packing 1.18.0
----------
37.15.0

One hh^d N^o 5 Con^t Sundry Lotts of Goods as Viz^t

12 hogskin Saddles Stirrups, Leathers bridles,
Girts & Snaffels at 14^s 8.08.0
N^o 18 li whited Browne Thread at 2/3 13.6
20 li ditto at 2/6 15.0
22 li ditto at 2/10 17.0
24 li ditto at 3/3 19.6
26 li ditto at 3/8 1.02.0
28 li ditto at 4^s p li 1.04.0
4:15 3 li Nunns Thread at 6^s 18.0
5:10 3 li ditto at 7^s p li 1.01.0
6:10 3 li ditto at 8/ 1.04.0
8:10 1 li ditto at 10^s p li 10.0
9:10 1 li ditto at 12/ 12.0
12:10 1 li ditto at 16/ 16.0
N^o 1 6 doz best Brown Thread at 22^s p doz 6.12.0
2 3 doz Cull^r ditto at 26/ p doz 3.08.0
3 4 doz: blew & Collerd Tape at 9/6 1.18.0
4 2 doz: blew & Collerd filletting at 13/6 1.07.0
5 1 doz: White filletting at 15 p 15.0
6 2 doz fine white Twist at 3/4^d 06.8
7 2 doz Narrow Holland Tape at 7^s p doz 14.0
8 2 doz broad ditto at 10/ p doz 1.00.0
9 3 Gross Cotton 6^d Ribbin at 10^s p gro 1.10.0
10 1 ps broad Strip’t 12^d Ribbin at 4/6 04.6
11 2 doz Pinns at 6/8 p doz 12.0
12 3 doz. ditto at 7/2 p doz 1.01.6
13 4 Mille Needles at 5/ p mille 1.00.0
14 2 Gross Womens Brass Thimbles at 5/6 11.0
15 6 doz: Mens Steel ditto at 7^s p gs 03.6
16 6 doz. horne Combs at 14^d 07.0
17 6 doz: ditto at 18^d 09.0
18 6 doz: ditto at 22^d 11.0
19 2 doz Ivory Combs at 3/6 p doz 07.0
20 2 doz ditto at 6/8 12.0
21 Old Brass Curtaine Rings at 14^d 07.0
22 2 doz. Small Inckhornes at 20^d 03.4
23 1 doz: Large ditto 02.9
24 1 doz Large Sands at 4^s 04.0
25 2 gro: Tin brest Buttons 12^d 02.0
26 6 gro: Large ditto at 15^d 07.6
27 6 gro: ditto at 18^d p gro 09.0
28 2 gro: Ell Thread Laces at 2/4 04.8
29 2 gro: ditto y^d & 1/2 at 3/8 06.0
30 1 gro: ditto Silke 2 yd^s at 30^s 1.10.0
1 hh^d Cost 5/ 05.0
Trunk N^o 2
31 6 gro: Large White Wastcoat Buttons
at 15^d 07.6
32 6 gro: fine Small ditto at 18^d 09.0
33 2 gro: gilt sleeve buttons at 3/4 06.8
34 1 doz: bla: Velvitt Markes lin’d w^{th} 14.0
35 1 doz: best ditto at 15/ 15.0
36 1 doz: best ditto lin’d w^{th} Silke at 22^s 1.02.0
37 1 doz: Callico quilted Caps at 9^s 09.0
38 1 doz: Holland ditto at 12/ p doz 12.0
39 18 yds Grey Lace at 3^d 04.6
40 20 yds ditto at 4^d p yd 06.8
41 33 yds ditto at 4^d-1/2 12.4-1/2
42 15 yds ditto at 5^d p yd 06.3
43 12 yds ditto at 6^d 06.0
44 16 yds ditto at 8d^d 10.8
45 34 yds bla: Silke bone Lace at 5d-1/2 p yd 15.7
46 42 yds ditto at 7d-1/2 1.06.3
47 24 yds ditto at 12d 1.04.0
48 16 yds ditto at 13d 17.4
49 18 yds ditto at 14d 1.01.0
50 2 Gro: Silke Bindins at 18/6 p gro: 1.17.0
51 2 Gro: Silke Galunes at 18/ 1.16.0
52 1 gro: Narrow: Black Silk purle for Tippett 05.0
53 2 gro: Brord ditto at 14^s p gro: 1.08.0
54 1 gro: White, Thready brord gause purle
at 10/6 10.6
55 2 doz: black & White Net Gause at 11/ p doz. 1.02.0
56 1 doz: black Mourning gause at 12.0
57 1 doz: White ditto at 12^s 12.0
58 2 doz: White Thread gause at 12/ 1.04.0
59 2 doz: black Silke ditto at 13/ 1.06.0
60 3 doz: Women Silke Girdles w^{th} Buckles 6/ 18.0
61 2 doz: Long ditto Copper Tassells at 3/9 07.6
62 1 doz: Rich Silke & Silver Tassle ditto 12/ 12.0
63 1 doz: best ditto at 15^s 15.0
64 1 doz: Romall handkerchiffs at 16^s p doz 16.0
65 1 doz: Silke ditto at 20^s p doz 1.00.0
66 1 doz: best Large ditto at 23^s 1.03.0
67 4 doz: black Moyhaire ring at 6/ 1.04.0
68 4 doz: Deep ditto at 7^s p doz 1.08.0
69 2 doz: Copper Cull^r & purled ditto at 6/ p doz 12.0
70 4 doz: Cullr Mixt ditto at 7^s 1.08.0
71 4 doz: Cloth Culler: bla: & Scarlett
ditto at 8/ 12.0
72 2 doz: Deep bla: Duble ditto at 9^s6 19.0
73 18 doz: Nar: fringe to Sett on ye Top
of Fringe 20^d 1.10.0
74 18 yds White Corded Thred fringe at 10^d yd 15.0
75 13 oz. 1/2 bla: bella. Silke fringe at 25^d 1.02.6
76 27 oz: best Nar: & Deep ditto at 21^d 2.07.3
77 12 oz: Copper Cull^r Nar: & Deep ditto at 22^d 1.02.0
78 18 oz: 1/16 d^o & white Nar: & deep
Mixtd. 2^s 1.16.1-1/2
79 21 oz 1/2 Clo: Cull^r blew & white Nar
& Deep 2-1/2^d 2.08.4
80 21 oz 1/2 Clo: Cull^r green & white corded
d^o 2/4^d 2.10.2
81 17 oz: 1/4 3/16 bla: Corded ditto at 2/
p doz 1.14.10-1/2
82 1 gro 1/2 Silke bread to Sett at Bottom
of fringe 14^s 1.01.0
83 5 ps ferrett 6^d Ribbon at 7^s ps 1.15.0
84 1 gro: bla: 1^d Taffety Ribbon at 7^s 07.0
85 2 gro: ditto 2^d ditto at 16 p gro 1.12.0
86 12 ps Dutch 7/4 Ribbins for binding
Drowls 20^d 1.00.0
87 4 ps 6^d Taffety Ribbon at 5/ 1.00.0
88 4 ps 8^d ditto at 9 ps 1.16.0
89 1 ps 10^d ditto at 11.0
90 1 ps 12^d ditto 13.0
91 4 ps Double Love Ribben 6^d at 6/ 1.04.0
92 2 ps 8^d ditto at 8 16.0
93 1 ps 10^d ditto at (?) 09.6
94 2 ps white Span. 6^d ditto at 8/6 17.0
95 1 ps ditto 8^d at 10 10.0
96 3 doz: Sattin Stripes 8^d Ribbon at 6^s 18.0
97 2 doz Cloth Cull^r & purple Figur’d 10^d
ditto 8^s 16.0
98 2 doz: blew & Green 12^d ditto at 11^s 1.02.0
99 2 doz Copper Cullr’d & bla: 14^d ditto at 13^s 1.06.0
100 81i Clo: Cull^r Silke w^{th} a Little bla: at 17/6 7.00.0
101 1 Childs Peake at 6/ 06.0
102 1 Womans Laced head dress at 10^s 10.0
103 1 ditto Laced at 13/ 13.0
104 1 Alamode Drowle Trim’d at 2^s w^{th} bla purl 02.0
105 1 Tippett ditto at 2/4^d 02.4
106 1 Best ditto at 6/8 Laced w^{th} bla: Silk? 06.0
107 2 doz: New fashon’d Peake Wyers at 18d
p doz 03.0
108 2 doz: Cornitt Wyers ditto at 2/ p doz 04.0
109 4 doz: Comode Wyers ditto at 4/ p doz 16.0
110 17 Roles at 5d p ps 07.1
111 4 doz New Fason’d pass Wyers at 10^s 03.4
112 1 gro: Strip’d Worsted at 9^s p gro 09.0
a Trunke & Coards Cost 12/ 12.0
----------
59.18.0

One Bayle of Linning Cloth N^o 3 Cont as viz^t

20 40:2 19:2 20 39 330:2
20 39:2 39:2 17 18 394
19:2 40: 39 20 20 435
19: 19:2 20 19:2 20 313:2
19:2 19 19:2 19:2 40 392
---------
20:2 20 19:2 19: 19:2 1864:2
17 20 62 40 40: 932:1
20 38:2 60 19:2 19:2
19 40 38 19:2 39:2
37 20 20 19:2 20:
19 19 19:2 20 19:2
20 19 20 18:2 39:2
19 19 19:2 20:2 19:2
24 19 19:2 20:2 19:
40 19 19:2 19:2 19
--------------------------------------
330:2 394 435 313:2 392
--------------------------------------
Is 932 Ells 1/4 of Kamells cloth at 6^d p ell 23.6.0
85 50 60 86 69 43 73 68 78 101 42
42 43 49 78 77 44 91 is 1129 of
Brown Oxenbrigs at 50^{li} p Role 1500
ells to a Role at 8^d p ell 37.12.8
---------------
60.18.8
---------------
£1127.17.7

FOOTNOTES:

[1] _Essex County Quarterly Court Records_, Vol. II, p. 28

[2] Waters, _Ipswich in the Massachusetts Bay Colony_.

[3] In the Delaware settlement houses of logs split through the middle or hewed square were built “according to the Swedish mode.”

[4] _Mourt’s Relation_, Boston, 1841.

[5] Higginson, _New-Englands Plantation_, London, 1630.

[6] _Force’s Tracts_, Washington, 1838.

[7] _Essex County Quarterly Court Records_, Vol. VI, p. 363.

[8] _Essex County Deeds_, Book V, leaf 107.

[9] Johnson, _Wonder Working Providence_, London, 1654.

[10] Higginson, _New-Englands Plantation_, London, 1630.

[11] _Force’s Tracts_, Washington, 1838.

[12] _Massachusetts Archives_, Vol. 15B, leaves 59-67.

[13] _Essex County Quarterly Court Records_, Vol. IV, pp. 56-57.

[14] Beer in the making.

[15] _Probate Records of Essex County, Mass._ Vol. I, p. 47.

[16] _Probate Records of Essex County, Mass._, Vol. II, p. 348.

[17] Dankers, _Journal of a Voyage to New York_, Brooklyn, 1867.

[18] _Records of the Mass. Bay Colony_, Vol. I, p. 126.

[19] Ward, _The Simple Cobler of Aggawam_, London, 1647.

[20] _Sewall’s Diary_, Vol. II, p. 231.

[21] _Essex County Quarterly Court Records_, Vol. I, p. 275.

[22] The master of the ship _George Bonaventure_ in which Mr. Skelton came over.

Transcriber’s Notes

Perceived typographical errors in the author’s text have been silently corrected.

Archaic spelling and inconsistent punctuation in quoted text and tables have been retained as in the original.

Inconsistencies in hyphenation and compound words have been maintained as printed.

Footnotes have been moved to the end of the text.

The per sign ⅌ is a symbol used to indicate a ratio.