Chapter VI: Part 6

This City has especial reason to be proud of him, for rather than
withdraw his unflinching assertion of the Native Liberties of the
Citizens, and his steadfast support of King Charles I., he submitted
to imprisonment in the Tower at the hands of the Parliament in 1647
and 1648, and his "Salva Libertate" became historical.

He resided in this Parish, and "Dyed in peace in his owne house" on
the 20th of July 1649, and he now lies buried in a Vault beneath this
Church of St. Katharine Cree, Leadenhall St.

This Memorial Brass was subscribed for by Members of and Descendants
from the Family of Gayer, and was placed here by them in testimony of
their admiration for and appreciation of the noble character and many
virtues of their illustrious ancestor.

The work of organising this Memorial was carried out by
Edmund Richard Gayer, M.A. of Lincoln's Inn, Esq., Barrister at Law,
1888.

There are a number of ancient bequests for ringing bells and lighting beacons to guide travellers by night. These were very useful charities, for in the days of old, lands were generally unenclosed, and the roads poorly constructed. It was difficult for the wayfarer to find his way when the nights were dark. At the ancient village of Hessle, near Hull, a bell is still rung every night except Sunday, at 7 o'clock. Long, long ago, so runs the local story, a lady was lost on a dark night near the place, and was in sore distress, fearing that she would have to wander about in the cold until daylight. Happily, the ringing of the Hessle bells enabled her to direct her course to the village in safety, although she had to wend her weary steps over a trackless country. In gratitude for her delivery she left a piece of land to the parish clerk, on condition that he rang every evening one of the church bells.

A similar story is related respecting a Barton-on-Humber bell ringing custom. Richard Palmer left in 1664 a bequest to the sexton of Workingham, Berkshire, for ringing a bell every evening at eight, and every morning at four o'clock. One reason for ringing this, was "that strangers and others who should happen, on winter nights, within hearing of the ringing of the said bell, to lose their way in the country, might be informed of the time of the night, and receive some guidance into the right way."

John Wardall, in his will dated 29th August, 1656, provided for a payment of L4 per annum being made to the Churchwardens of St. Botolph's, Billingsgate, London, "to provide a good and sufficient iron and glass lanthorn, with a candle, for the direction of passengers to go with more security to and from the water-side, all night long, to be fixed at the north-east corner of the parish church, from the feast-day of St. Bartholomew to Lady-Day; out of which sum L1 was to be paid to the sexton for taking care of the lanthorn." In 1662 a man named John Cooke made a similar bequest for providing a lamp at the corner of St. Michael's Lane, next Thames Street.

In past ages churches were frequently unpaved and the floor usually covered with rushes. Not a few persons have left money and land for providing rushes for churches. In these latter days rushes are no longer strewn on the floor for keeping the feet warm in cold weather, but at a number of places old rights are maintained by the carrying out of the custom. At Clee, Lincolnshire, for example, the parish officials possess the right of cutting rushes from a certain piece of land for strewing the floor of the church every Trinity Sunday. The churchwardens preserve their rights by cutting a small quantity of grass annually and strewing it on the church floor. At Old Weston, Huntingdonshire, a similar custom still lingers. "A piece of land," says Edwards in his "Remarkable Charities," "belongs, by custom, to the parish clerk for the time being, subject to the condition of the land being mown immediately before Weston feast, which occurs in July, and the cutting thereof strewed on the church floor, previous to divine service on the feast Sunday, and continuing there during divine service." At Pavenham, Bedfordshire, the church is annually strewn with grass cut from a certain field, on the first Sunday after the 11th July. "Until recently," says a well-informed correspondent, "the custom was for the churchwardens to claim the right of removing from the field in question as much grass as they could 'cut and cart away from sunrise to sunset.' A few years ago this arrangement was altered into a yearly payment on the part of the tenant of the field of one guinea." The money is spent in purchasing grass for spreading on the church floor. The parishioners have always taken a deep interest in this old custom. On the benefaction table of Deptford Church is recorded that "a person unknown gave half-a-quarter of wheat, to be given in bread on Good Friday, and half a load of rushes at Whitsuntide, and a load of pea-straw at Christmas yearly, for the use of the church." In 1721, an offer of 21s. per annum was accepted in lieu of the straw and rushes, and in 1744, the sum of 10s. yearly in place of the half-quarter of wheat.

John Rudge, by his will dated 17th April, 1725, left a pound a year to a poor man to go round the parish church of Trysull, Staffordshire, during the delivery of the sermon, to keep people awake and drive out of the church any dogs which might come in. Richard Brooke left 5s. a year for a person to keep quiet during divine service the boys in the Wolverhampton church and churchyard.

At Stockton-in-the-Forest, Yorkshire, is a piece of land called "Petticoat Hole," and it is held on the condition of providing a poor woman of the place every year with a new petticoat.

We will close this chapter with particulars of a novel mode of distributing a charity. At Bulkeley, Cheshire, a charity of 19s. 2d. was given to the poor as follows. The overseer obtained the amount in coppers, placed them in a peck measure, and invited each of the poor folks to help himself or herself to a handful.

An Old-Time Chronicler.

We have frequently referred to the writings of John Stow in this work, and we think a short account of his life and labours will prove interesting to our readers.

From the ranks of tailors have sprung many famous men. Not one more worthy, perhaps, than honest John Stow, the painstaking compiler of works which have found a lasting place in historic literature.

Stow was a Londoner of Londoners, born in 1525, in the parish of St. Michael, Cornhill. His father and grandfather were citizens, and appear to have been most worthy men. John Stow was trained under his father to the trade of a tailor. At an early age he took an interest in the study of history and antiquities, and, as years ran their course, his love of research increased. We have had handed down to us from the pen of Edmund Howes, his literary executor, a well-drawn word-portrait of Stow. We learn that he was tall in stature, and, as befits the ideal student, lean in body and face. His eyes were small and clear, and his sight excellent. As might be expected, through long and active use, his memory was very good. He was sober, mild, and corteous, and ever ready to impart information to those that sought it.

He lived in an historically attractive age. It was a period when some of our greatest countrymen worked and talked amongst men. Gifted authors made the time glorious in our literary annals. Stow's fame mainly rests on being an exact and picturesque describer of the London of Queen Elizabeth. His _Survey_ is not a mere topographical account of the city, but a pleasantly penned picture, full of life and character, of the social condition, manners, customs, sports, and pastimes of the people.

John Stow was most minute as a writer, and his attention to slight circumstances has caused some critics to make merry over his productions. Fuller, for example, spoke of him "as such a smell-feast that he cannot pass by the Guildhall but his pen must taste the good cheer therein." It is his consideration of minor matters that renders his book so valuable to the student of bygone times. We may quote, to illustrate this, a few lines from his _Survey of London_. After a description of the Abbey of St. Clare, he writes: "Near adjoining to this Abbey, on the south side thereof, was sometime a farm belonging to the said nunnery, at which farm I myself, in my youth, have fetched many a halfpennyworth of milk, and never had less than three ale pints for a halfpenny in the summer, nor less than one ale quart for a halfpenny in the winter, always hot from the kine, as the same was milked and strained. One Trolop, afterwards Goodman, was farmer there, and had thirty or forty kine to the pail. Goodman's son, being heir to his father's purchase, let out the ground first for the grazing of horses, and then for garden plots, and lived like a gentleman thereby."

In about his fortieth year, Stow gave up his business as a tailor and devoted his entire life to antiquarian pursuits. Fame he won, but not fortune. In place of being wealthy in his old age, he, as we shall presently see, suffered from poverty. His principal works include his _Summary of English Chronicles_, first issued in 1561. In 1580, his _Annals; or, a General Chronicle of England_ was published. His most important work was given to the world in 1598, under the title of a _Survey of London and Westminster_. Besides writing the foregoing original books, he assisted on the continuation of Holinshed's _Chronicle_ and Speght's edition of Chaucer, and he was employed on other undertakings.

Many a long journey Stow made in search of information. He could not ride, and had to travel on foot. In the midst of great trials it is recorded that his good humour never forsook him. In his old age he was troubled with pains in his feet, and quietly remarked that his "afflictions lay in the parts he had formerly made so much use of."

We might well suppose that Stow's blameless life would render him free from suspicion, and that his grateful countrymen would regard with respect his great work in writing the history of England. Such was not the case. It was thought that his researches would injure the reformed religion, and on this miserable plea he was cast into prison, and his humble home was searched. We obtain from the report of the searchers an interesting account of the contents of Stow's library. It consisted, we are told, of "great collections of his own, of his English chronicles, also a great sort of old books, some fabulous, as _Sir Gregory Triamour_, and a great parcel of old manuscript chronicles in parchment and paper; besides miscellaneous tracts touching physic, surgery, herbs, and medical receipts, and also fantastical popish books printed in old time, and others written in old English on parchment."

John Stow failed to make much money, but on the whole, he lived a peaceful life, enjoying the many pleasures that fall to the lot of the student. Happily for him, to use Howes' words, "He was careless of the scoffers, backbiters, and detractors."

It is Howes who also tells that Stow always protested never to have written anything either of malice, fear, or favour, nor to seek his own particular gain or vain-glory, and that his only pains and care was to write the truth.

At the age of four score years, his labours received State acknowledgment. It was indeed a poor acknowledgment, for, in answer to a petition, James I. granted him a licence to beg. Stow sought help, to use his own words, as "a recompense for his labour and travel of forty-five years, in setting forth the _Chronicles of England_, and eight years taken up in the _Survey of the Cities of London and Westminster_, towards his relief in his old age, having left his former means of living, and also employing himself for the service and good of his country."

The humble request was granted, and the document says:--"Whereas our loving subject, John Stow (a very aged and worthy member of our city of London), this five-and-forty years hath, to his great charge, and with neglect of his ordinary means of maintenance (for the general good, as well of posterity as of the present age), compiled and published divers necessary books and chronicles; and therefore we, in recompense of these his painful labours, and for encouragement of the like, have, in our Royal inclination, been pleased to grant our Letters Patent, under our Great Seal of England, thereby authorising him, the said John Stow, to collect among our loving subjects their voluntary contributions and kind gratuities."

The foregoing authority to beg was granted for twelve months, but, as the response was so small, it pleased the King to extend the privilege for another year. From one parish in the City of London he only received seven shillings and sixpence--a poor reward, to use Stow's words, "of many a weary day's travel, and cold winter night's study."

His end now was drawing near, and mundane trials were almost over. On the 5th of April, 1605, his well-spent life closed, and his mortal remains were laid to rest in his parish church of St. Andrew, Undershaft. Here may still be seen the curious and interesting monument which his loving widow erected. It is pleasant to leave the busy streets of the great metropolis and repair to the quiet sanctuary where rests the old chronicler, and look upon his quaint monument, and reflect on ages long passed. When the Great Fire of 1666 destroyed the London Stow had so truthfully described, his monument escaped destruction.

Ye Ende

INDEX.

Abingdon, customs at, 56

Advertisement, novel, 194-197

Age of Snuffing, 168-185

Alleyn, Edward, founder of Dulwich College, 212

Altrincham, Mayor of, 60-61

Ambassadors, at bear-baitings, 211, 215-216

America, Muffs in, 45-46;
Cold places of worship, 46-47

Anglo-Saxon bread, 134

An Old-Time Chronicler, 266-274

Arise, Mistress, Arise!, 142-143

Armstrong, Sir Thomas, 84-87

Arrows, 152

Ashbourne, custom at, 241

Baker's dozen, 138

Baiting animals stopped by Act of Parliament, 221

Banbury, customs at, 58

Banks, Mrs. G. L., on hair-dressing, 38

Bankside, plan of, 213

Barber's shop, 21

Barley bread, 135

Baxter, Richard, on Sunday pleasure, 231

Barbers fined, 32

Barrington, G., poet and pickpocket, 180-181

Barrister's wig, 18, 19

Barrow bells, 157

Bear-baiting, 132-133, 205-221

Bells as Time-Tellers, 156-167

Bell ringing bequests, 261-262

Beverley, funeral at, 123;
bear-baiting at, 133

Bewdley, custom at, 142

Bish, Mr., on Lotteries, 200-202

Blue-Coat boys, draw at lotteries, 194

Boar's-head with mustard, 131

Bonfires, 234, 235

Bow bells, 159

Boroughbridge, Battle of, 77

Brandeston, removing a dead body to the church for protection, 117

Bread and Baking in Bygone Days, 134-141

Bread Street, 135

Bribes for the Palate, 63-73

British slaves, freeing, 257-258

Briscoe, J. P., on Nottingham customs, 61-62

Bromley-by-Bow, bakers at, 135

Burial at Cross Roads, 105-114

Burying the mace, 53

Butter and suet, prohibiting the use of in making bread, 140

Byng, Admiral, shot, 45

Cade, Jack, 81

Caius, Dr., on dogs, 145

Cambridge, regulations relating to tobacco, 173

Candles for lighting the streets, 52

Canterbury, curious customs at, 52-53

Capture of snuff, 171

Carlisle, Earl of, beheaded, 78-79

Carlisle, heads spiked at, 92-95

Charles II. and wigs, 7

Charlotte, Queen, gives up using hair-powder, 36;
taking snuff, 176

Christmas rhymes, 142

Chronicler, an Old-Time, 266-274

Churches, snuff taking in, 172-175

Clarinda, Burns on, 178

Clee, custom at, 263

Clergy and the wig, 15-17

Clifton rhyme, 219-220

Clocks, introduction of, 160

Clothiers in eighteenth century, 165

Closing shops, time for, 160

Cobham, Eleanor, trial of, 80

Cockledge, murder at, 123

Combing the wig, 10

Concerning Corporation Customs, 48-62

Congleton, bear-baiting at, 217-218

Conspiracy to assassinate William III., 87

Cooper's Hall, Lotteries at, 193

Cornish Insurrection, 81;
folk-lore, 234-236

Corporation snuff-boxes, 168-169

Craven cartoon, 242

Crop Clubs, 34

Curious Charities, 255-265

Curious window at Betley, 225-227

Curfew bell, 166-167

Dagger Money, 57

Death, Superstitions relating to, 242

Death of William I., 167

Deering on snuff-taking, 178

Detaining the Dead for Debt, 115-121

Derby, suicide, burial of a, 106

Discarding wigs in court, 19

Doctors' muffs, 42

Dogs, earliest writer on, 145;
in muffs, 44

Droylsden, suicide, burial of, 108-109

Druidical superstitions, 234

Dryden, Haunt of, 182

Ducking Stool, 138

Duels, 106

Earle, Mrs. A. M., on American Muffs, 46

Early closing of public-houses, 167

Eating custom, 242-243

Ecclesfield, tradition at, 220

Edward III., proclamation of, against bear-baiting, 205

Egypt, goose in, 150

Egyptians, invent wigs, 1

Eldon, Lord, objects to the wig, 18

Elizabeth, enjoys baiting animals, 208

Epitaphs, 109, 116, 197, 203-204, 260-261

Erasmus in England, 206

Exeter, salmon given at, 70

False hair, 20, 22

Famous snuff takers, 176

Fathers of the Church denounce wigs, 3

Felo-de-se, Acts relating to, 112-114

Female follies, 30

Fined for arresting the dead, 118-119, 121

Fined for being deficient in elegance, 52

First English lottery, 186-188

Fish, presentation of, 70

Fisher, Bishop, beheaded, 81-82

Fishtoft, burial of a suicide at, 107

Fitstephen on bear-baiting, 205

Fletcher, Captain, 88-89

Folk-Lore of Midsummer Eve, 234-243

France, Mania for Wigs in, 6-7

Funeral, stately, 123

Garrick, Mrs., 178

George II., a selfish snuff-taker, 185

Glayer, Sir John, 258-261

Globe Theatre, 209

Gold-dust used for hair-powder, 28

Gossip about the Goose, 150-155

Great Plague, tobacco and snuff used during, 169-171

Guinea-pigs, 35

Harvest bell, 156, 157-158

Harvest Home, 244-254

Hair, cut off with a bread-knife, 44

Hale, Sir Matthew, 63-64

Hamlet, Grave scene in, 105

Hampton Court Palace, clock at, 162-163

Hannibal and his wigs, 5-6

Hartlepool, strange enactment at, 62

Hawarden attacked, 74

Heart-breakers, 20

Hempseed, sowing, 241

Henzner, Paul, 84

Herrick on harvest customs, 252-253

Hilton, Jack of, 152

Hockley-in-the-Hole, 220

Holy bread, 134

Hope theatre, 207

Horse Guards, protect the lottery wheel, 193

Howard's Household Book, 145

Hull, curious ordinances at, 51-53;
Sheriff to provide his wife with a scarlet gown, 52;
Andrew Marvell and Hull ale, 71-73;
head spiked at, 95;
ducking-stool at, 96;
Mayor slain, 98;
snuff-box at, 168-169

Incorporation of towns, 48

Inscription on bells, 159

Ireland, St. John's eve in, 236-237

Irish folk-lore, 175

Jackson, John, and his clock, 162-166

Jacobites, defeat of, 102

James I. and tobacco, 173;
orders a bear to be baited to death, 215

Johnson, Dr. Samuel, and his snuff, 182

Judge's wig, 18

Keeping people awake, 255

Kenilworth, bears baited at, 211

King eating meal and rye bread, 141

Kingston-upon-Thames, Morris Dancers at, 223

Knocking feet in meeting houses, 47

Lady, origin of, 134

Lamb, Charles and Mary, 184

Lanthorns, bequests for providing, 262-263

Last Lottery in England, 198-200

Layer, Councillor, 87-88

Leconfield castle, 123

Leeds bridge, market on, 165

Leicester, mace lowering at, 51;
bear-baiting at, 216-217

Leighton, Robert, poem by, 183-184

Letters from the dead to the living, 11

Licence to beg, 272-273

Lincolnshire geese, 153

Lion Sermon, 258-261

London Bakers' Company, 135-136

London Bridge, 75-84

London, burials of suicides, 110-111

Love divinations, 238-240

Louth, ringing custom at, 158

Lowering the mace, 51

Ludlow, customs at, 59

Lycians, heads shaven and wigs worn, 5

Mace, as a weapon and as an ensign of authority, 49

Manchester, curious baking regulations, 140

Manorial service, curious, 144, 152

Margarett, Princess, 49, 123-124

Mar, Rising of, 87

Marvell, Andrew, and Hull ale, 71-73

Mary, Queen of Scots, 102

May-pole, 233

Meals in the olden time, 127-129

Medical men and the wig, 17-18

Men wearing Muffs, 40-47

Michaelmas goose, 154

Micklegate Bar, York, 98-99;
heads stolen from, 103

Milk, price of, in the olden time, 268

More, Sir Thomas, beheaded, 83

Morley, custom at, 143

Morris-Dancers, 222-233

Municipal Reform Act, 48

Murder, strange story of a, 137

Napoleon taking snuff, 181;
snuff-box, 177-178

Newcastle-on-Tyne, assize custom at, 56-58;
presents of wine and sugar loaves, 64-66;
brank at, 66, 67;
burial of a suicide, 111

Nobleman's Household in Tudor Times, 122-133

North Wingfield, dead body stopped at, 115-116

Northumberland Household Book, 125-133

Norwich, burial of a suicide, 107

Nottingham, burying the mace at, 53-55;
ale and bread custom, 61-62;
town's presents, 69;
Goose Fair, 154

Novel mode of distributing a charity, 265

Over, Mayor of, 60-61

O'Connell, D., and his wig, 22-23

Parading a head, 79

Parliament sitting at Shrewsbury, 75

Palm-Sunday, battle on, 101

Penzance, customs at, 235

Pepys and his wigs, 7-9;
muffs, 41;
on the Plague, 170

Percy family, 122-133

Peter the Great obtaining the loan of a wig, 23

Petticoat charity, 265

Pig-tail, 12, 14

Pillory, bakers in the, 137

Pipes and tobacco for judges, 58

Piper playing to workmen, 247-248

Pliny on the goose, 150

Poets' Corner, Johnson and Goldsmith in, 91-92

Porpoise regarded as a delicacy, 69

Pope on Belinda, 177

Potatoes, preservation of, 70-71

Powdering the Hair, 28-39

Pontefract Castle, head spiked at, 77

Prison charities, 255-256

Punishing bakers, 138-140, 141

Puritans and lotteries, 189

Quill pens, 155

Ramillie Wig, 13

Reading, Morris Dancers at, 224

Rebel Heads on City Gates, 74-104

Revolt against Henry IV., 79

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, 184-185

Riot, Wig, 25-27

Rollit, Sir Albert K., 168

Rome saved by the cackling of the goose, 151

Roper, Margaret, 83, 85

Rushes for church floors, 263-265

Rye, authority of Mayor, 62

Rye House Plot, 84-87

Saxons colouring their hair, 28

Scarlet gowns for the Mayoress, 52

Scotland, wigs in, 36-37;
muff in, 42;
body arrested in, 120;
snuff taking in, 171-173

Scott, Sir Walter, on wigs, 37

School-boys obliged to smoke, 170

Schoolmasters forbidden to smoke, 174

Scrope, Richard, beheaded, 96-97

Selkirk, Making a sutor of, 59

Selling the Church Bible to pay for a Bear, 217-220

Sheridan, curious report respecting, 120

Shrewsbury, Parliament sitting at, 75

Shrouds for prisoners, 256-257

Shouting a kirn, 248-250

Slaves, freeing christian, 257-258

Smoking forbidden in the streets, 173-174

Snuffing, earliest allusion to, 169

Southampton, Mayoress of, 50

South Shields, suicide, burial of, 109-110

Sowing hempseed, 241

Sparsholt, dead body detained at, 115

Speaker's wig, 18

Spice bread, making prohibited, 140

St. Albans, clock at, 161

St. Paul's Lotteries drawn at the doors of, 188

State Lotteries, 186-204

Stealing wigs, 24-25

Sterne, a snuff taker, 184

Stow, John, 266-274

Stratford-le-Bow, bakers at, 135

Sugar-loaves, presentation of, 62-69

Tamworth, curious bye-law at, 167

Taxing hair-powder, 31, 33;
repealing tax, 39

Taylor, John, on Hull ale, 72-73

Tea and snuff, 178

Temple Bar, 84-92

Test Act, 48

Thewes at Hull, 96

Towneley, Colonel, 88-92

Towton-field, battle of, 101

Turnspit, The, 144-149

Twyford, suicide, burial of, 113-114

Unwin, Mrs., fond of snuff, 177

Valuable snuff-boxes, 181

Vesper bell, 167

Wakefield, battle of, 97-98

Wales, subjugation of, 74

Wallace, Sir William, 75

Watches not usually carried, 165

Welsh rebels beheaded, 74

Wesley, Rev. John, and snuff-taking, 175

West Hallam, burial at four lane ends, 107

West Riding lore, 120-121

When Wigs were Worn, 1-27

Whittington, Dick, 159

Whitsun morris dance, 228

Wigs, 1-27;
Riots, 25-27

Wildridge, T. Tindall, on Hull, 95

Winchester, presents of sugar loaves at, 66-69;
curious regulations, 215

Women wearing wigs, 9, 22

Worcester, curious baking regulation, 140

Wressel Castle, 125

Wycombe, customs at, 55-56

York, Duke of, slain, 98;
head spiked, 98

York, Lord Mayor of, 49

York, walls and gates of, 96-104

SOME RECENT BOOKS PUBLISHED BY
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Antiquities and Curiosities of the Church.

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"This is an exhaustive treatise on a most interesting subject, and Mr.
Tyack has proved himself to be richly informed and fully qualified to
deal with it. All lovers of ecclesiastical lore will find the volume
instructive and suggestive, while the ordinary reader will be
surprised to find that the Cross in the churchyard or by the roadside
has so many meanings and significances. Mr. Tyack divides his work
into eight sections, beginning with the pre-Christian cross, and then
tracing its development, its adaptations, its special uses, and
applications, and at all times bringing out clearly its symbolic
purposes. We have the history of the Cross in the Church, of its use
as an ornament, and of its use as a public and secular instrument;
then we get a chapter on 'Memorial Crosses,' and another on 'Wayside
and Boundary Crosses.' The volume teems with facts, and it is evident
that Mr. Tyack has made his study a labour of love, and spared no
research in order, within the prescribed limits, to make his work
complete. He has given us a valuable work of reference, and a very
instructive and entertaining volume."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._

"An engrossing and instructive narrative."--_Dundee Advertiser._

"As a popular account of the Cross in history, we do not know that a
better book can be named."--_Glasgow Herald._

Old Church Lore.

BY WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

_Demy 8vo., 7s. 6d._

CONTENTS--The Right of Sanctuary--The Romance of Trial--A Fight between the Mayor of Hull and the Archbishop of York--Chapels on Bridges--Charter Horns--The Old English Sunday--The Easter Sepulchre--St. Paul's Cross--Cheapside Cross--The Biddenden Maids Charity--Plagues and Pestilences--A King Curing an Abbot of Indigestion--The Services and Customs of Royal Oak Day--Marrying in a White Sheet--Marrying under the Gallows--Kissing the Bride--Hot Ale at Weddings--Marrying Children--The Passing Bell--Concerning Coffins--The Curfew Bell--Curious Symbols of the Saints--Acrobats on Steeples--A carefully prepared Index--Illustrated.

"An interesting volume."--_The Scotsman._

"A worthy work on a deeply interesting subject.... We commend this
book strongly."--_European Mail._

"The book is eminently readable, and may be taken up at any moment
with the certainty that something suggestive or entertaining will
present itself."--_Glasgow Citizen._

"Mr. Andrews' book does not contain a dull page.... Deserves to meet
with a very warm welcome."--_Yorkshire Post._

A Lawyer's Secrets.

BY HERBERT LLOYD.

AUTHOR OF "THE CHILDREN OF CHANCE," ETC.

_Price One Shilling._

"Mr. Herbert Lloyd gives us a succession of stories which may reasonably be taken to have their origin in the experience of a lawyer practicing at large in the criminal courts. It is natural that they should be of a romantic nature; but romance is not foreign to a lawyer's consulting room, so that this fact need not be charged against this lawyer's veracity.... The stories, seven in all, cover the ground of fraud and murder, inspired by the prevailing causes of crime--greed and jealousy. Our lawyer is happy in having the majority of his clients the innocent victims of false charges inspired and fostered in a great measure by their own folly; but this is a natural phase of professional experience, and we are only concerned with the fact that he generally manages it as effectively in the interests of his clients as his editor does in presenting them to his audience."--_Literary World._

"A volume of entertaining stories.... The book has much the same interest as a volume of detective stories, except that putting the cases in a lawyer's mouth gives them a certain freshness. It is well written, and makes a capital volume for a railway journey."--The Scotsman.

"A very entertaining volume."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._

Legal Lore: Curiosities of Law and Lawyers.

EDITED BY WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

_Demy 8vo., Cloth extra, 7s. 6d._

CONTENTS:--Bible Law--Sanctuaries--Trials in Superstitious Ages--On Symbols--Law Under the Feudal System--The Manor and Manor Law--Ancient Tenures--Laws of the Forest--Trial by Jury in Old Times--Barbarous Punishments--Trials of Animals--Devices of the Sixteenth Century Debtors--Laws Relating to the Gipsies--Commonwealth Law and Lawyers--Cock-Fighting in Scotland--Cockieleerie Law--Fatal Links--Post-Mortem Trials--Island Laws--The Little Inns of Court--Obiter.

"There are some very amusing and curious facts concerning law and
lawyers. We have read with much interest the articles on Sanctuaries,
Trials in Superstitious Ages, Ancient Tenures, Trials by Jury in Old
Times, Barbarous Punishments, and Trials of Animals, and can heartily
recommend the volume to those who wish for a few hours' profitable
diversion in the study of what may be called the light literature of
the law."--_Daily Mail._

"Most amusing and instructive reading."--_The Scotsman._

"The contents of the volume are extremely entertaining, and convey not
a little information on ancient ideas and habits of life. While
members of the legal profession will turn to the work for incidents
with which to illustrate an argument or point a joke, laymen will
enjoy its vivid descriptions of old fashioned proceedings and often
semi-barbaric ideas to obligation and rectitude."--_Dundee
Advertiser._

"The subjects chosen are extremely interesting, and contain a quantity
of out-of-the-way and not easily accessible information.... Very
tastefully printed and bound."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._

"The book is handsomely got up; the style throughout is popular and
clear, and the variety of its contents, and the individuality of the
writers gave an added charm to the work."--_Daily Free Press._

"The book is interesting both to the general reader and the
student."--_Cheshire Notes and Queries._

"Those who care only to be amused will find plenty of entertainment in
this volume, while those who regard it as a work of reference will
rejoice at the variety of material, and appreciate the careful
indexing."--_Dundee Courier._

"Very interesting subjects, lucidly and charmingly written. The
versatility of the work assures for it a wide popularity."--_Northern
Gazette._

"A happy and useful addition to current literature."--_Norfolk
Chronicle._

"The book is a very fascinating one, and it is specially interesting
to students of history as showing the vast changes which, by gradual
course of development have been brought about both in the principles
and practice of the law."--_The Evening Gazette._

In The Temple

By a BARRISTER-AT-LAW.

_Price One Shilling._

This book opens with a chapter on the history of the Temple. Next follows an account of the Knight Templars. The story of the Devil's Own is given in a graphic manner. A Sketch of Christmas in the Temple is included. In an entertaining manner the reader is informed how to become a Templar, the manner of keeping terms is described, and lastly, the work concludes with a chapter on call parties.

"Amusing and interesting sketches."--_Law Times._

"Pleasing gossip about the barristers' quarters."--_The Gentlewoman._

"A pleasant little volume."--_The Globe._

The Red, Red Wine.

BY THE REV. J. JACKSON WRAY.

_Crown 8vo., 330 pp. A portrait of the Author and other illustrations._

_Price 3s. 6d._

"This, as its name implies, is a temperance story, and is told in the lamented author's most graphic style. We have never read anything so powerful since 'Danesbury House,' and this book in stern and pathetic earnestness even excels that widely-known book. It is worthy a place in every Sunday School and village library; and, as the latest utterance of one whose writings are so deservedly popular, it is sure of a welcome. It should give decision to some whose views about Local Option are hazy."--_Joyful News._

"The story is one of remarkable power."--_The Temperance Record._

"An excellent and interesting story."--_The Temperance Chronicle._

Faces on the Queen's Highway.

BY FLO. JACKSON.

_Elegantly Bound, Crown 8vo., price 2s. 6d._

Though oftenest to be found in a pensive mood, the writer of this very dainty volume of sketches is always very sweet and winning. She has evidently a true artist's love of nature, and in a few lines can limn an autumn landscape full of colour, and the life which is on the down slope. And she can tell a very taking story, as witness the sketch "At the Inn," and "The Master of White Hags," and all her characters are real, live flesh-and-blood people, who do things naturally, and give very great pleasure to the reader accordingly. Miss Jackson's gifts are of a very high order.--_Aberdeen Free Press._

The Doomed Ship; or, The Wreck in the Arctic Regions.

BY WILLIAM HURTON.

_Crown 8vo., Elegantly Bound, Gilt extra, 3s. 6d._

"There is no lack of adventures, and the writer has a matter-of-fact way of telling them."--_Spectator._

"'The Doomed Ship,' by William Hurton, is a spirited tale of adventures in the old style of sea-stories. Mr. Hurton seems to enter fully into the manliness of sea life."--_Idler._

Chronologies and Calendars.

BY JAMES C. MACDONALD, F.S.A. Scot.

_Crown 8vo., price 7s. 6d._

"It is unlike most books on its subject in being brief and readable to an unlearned student. But its chief interest and its unquestionable value is for those who consider dates more curiously than most men need do in an age in which incorporated societies endeavour to persuade a man to insure his life by presenting him with an illuminated table of days. Those who are engaged in original historical researches will find it invaluable both for study and for reference."--_The Scotsman._

"A large amount of carefully prepared information."--_Aberdeen Free Press._

The Quaker Poets of Great Britain and Ireland.

BY EVELYN NOBLE ARMITAGE.

_Demy 8vo., cloth extra, 7s. 6d._

The volume opens with a brief sketch of the Rise of the Society of Friends, and Characteristics of its Poetry. Biographical Notices and Examples of the best Poems of the Chief Quaker Poets of Great Britain and Ireland.

"The book throughout is a good example of scholarly and appreciative
editing."--_The Times._

"The book is well worth reading, and evinces signs of careful
selection and treatment of themes."--_Liverpool Daily Post._

"Mrs. Armitage's book was worth compiling, and has claims on others
than members of the Society of Friends."--_Newcastle Daily Leader._

"The volume is well worth careful study."--_Manchester Guardian._

"This is a charming and even captivating book."--_Friends' Quarterly
Examiner._

Stepping Stones to Socialism.

BY DAVID MAXWELL, C.E.

_Crown 8vo., 140 pp.; fancy cover, 1s.; cloth bound, 2s._

CONTENTS:--In a reasonable and able manner Mr. Maxwell deals with the following topics:--The Popular meaning of the Word Socialism--Lord Salisbury on Socialism--Why There is in Many Minds an Antipathy to Socialism--On Some Socialistic Views of Marriage--The Question of Private Property--The Old Political Economy is not the Way of Salvation--Who is My Neighbour?--Progress, and the Condition of the Labourer--Good and Bad Trade: Precarious Employment--All Popular Movements are Helping on Socialism--Modern Literature in Relation to Social Progress--Pruning the Old Theological Tree--The Churches: Their Socialistic Tendencies--The Future of the Earth in Relation to Human Life--Socialism is Based on Natural Laws of Life--Humanity in the Future--Preludes to Socialism--Forecasts of the Ultimate Form of Society--A Pisgah-top View of the Promised Land.

"A temperate and reverent study of a great question."--_London
Quarterly Review._

"Mr. David Maxwell's book is the timely expression of a
richly-furnished mind on the current problems of home politics and
social ethics."--_Eastern Morning News._

"Quite up-to-date."--_Hull Daily Mail._

The Studies of a Socialist Parson.

BY THE REV. W. H. ABRAHAM, M.A. (London).

_Crown 8vo., Price One Shilling._

The volume consists of sermons and addresses, given mostly at the St. Augustine's Church, Hull. The author in his preface says, "It is the duty of the clergyman to try and understand what Socialism is, and to lead men from the false Socialism to the true."

CONTENTS:--The Working-man, Past and Present: A Historical Review--Whither are we going?--National Righteousness--The True Value of Life--Christian Socialism--Jesus Christ, the True Socialist--Socialism, through Christ or without Him?--The Great Bread Puzzle--Labour Day, May 1, 1892--The People, the Rulers, and the Priests--Friendly Societies--Trades' Unions--The People's Church--On some Social Questions--The Greatest Help to the true Social Life--The Great I Am--God as a present force--Signs of the Times.

"The volume is deserving of all praise."--_Glasgow Herald._

"An admirable contribution to the solution of difficult problems. Mr.
Abraham has much that is valuable to say, and says it
well."--_Spectator._

"The book is as a whole sensitive and suggestive. The timely words on
'Decency in Journalism and Conversation' deserve to be widely
read."--_London Quarterly Review._

Yorkshire Family Romance.

BY FREDERICK ROSS, F.R.H.S.

_Elegantly bound in cloth gilt, Demy 8vo., 6s._

CONTENTS:--The Synod of Streoneshalh--The Doomed Heir of Osmotherley--St. Eadwine, the Royal Martyr--The Viceroy Siward--Phases in the Life of a Political Martyr--The Murderer's Bride--The Earldom of Wiltes--Blackfaced Clifford--The Shepherd Lord--The Felons of Ilkley--The Ingilby Boar's Head--The Eland Tragedy--The Plumpton Marriage--The Topcliffe Insurrection--Burning of Cottingham Castle--The Alum Workers--The Maiden of Marblehead--Rise of the House of Phipps--The Traitor Governor of Hull.

"The grasp and thoroughness of the writer is evident in every page,
and the book forms a valuable addition to the literature of the North
Country."--_Gentlewoman._

"Many will welcome this work."--_Yorkshire Post._

Legendary Yorkshire.

BY FREDERICK ROSS, F.R.H.S.

_Elegantly bound in cloth gilt, Demy 8vo., 6s._

CONTENTS:--The Enchanted Cave--The Doomed City--The Worm of Nunnington--The Devil's Arrows--The Giant Road Maker of Mulgrave--The Virgin's Head of Halifax--The Dead Arm of St. Oswald the King--The Translation of St. Hilda--A Miracle of St. John--The Beatified Sisters--The Dragon of Wantley--The Miracles and Ghost of Watton--The Murdered Hermit of Eskdale--The Calverley Ghost--The Bewitched House of Wakefield.

"It is a work of lasting interest, and cannot fail to delight the
reader."--_Beverley Recorder._

"The history and the literature of our county are now receiving marked
attention, and Mr. Andrews merits the support of the public for the
production of this and other interesting volumes he has issued. We
cannot speak too highly of this volume, the printing, the paper, and
the binding being faultless."--_Driffield Observer._

In Folly Land.

BY CAP AND BELLS.

_Crown 8vo., One Shilling._

"'Folly Land' is the title of a neatly-produced shilling volume of humorous verse by a writer who--if we are not misinformed--veils a well-known name under the nom de guerre of 'Cap and Bells.' Some of the comic poems, 'A Wicked Story' and 'Just my Luck,' for instance, are funny. A humorous and unhackneyed recitation is always a welcome addition to the not varied repertoire of the professional or amateur reciter, and some of the contents of 'Folly Land' are likely to become popular."--_The Star._

Biblical and Shakespearian Characters Compared.

BY THE REV. JAMES BELL.

_Crown 8vo., 3s. 6d._

Between the Hebrew Bible and Shakespeare there exists some interesting and instructive points of resemblance, especially in respect of their ways of life and character. No doubt certain inevitable differences also exist between them, but these do not hide the resemblance; rather they serve to set it, so to speak, in bolder relief.

The author in this volume treats or this striking resemblance, under certain phases, between Hebrew Prophecy and Shakespearian Drama.

The following are the chief "Studies" which find a place in the work:--Hebrew Prophecy and Shakespeare: a Comparison--Eli and Hamlet--Saul and Macbeth--Jonathan and Horatio--David and Henry V.--Epilogue.

"One of the most suggestive volumes we have met with for a long
time."--_Birmingham Daily Gazette._

"A deeply interesting book."--_The Methodist Times._

"A highly interesting and ingenious work."--_British Weekly._

The New Fairy Book.

Edited by WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

_Price 4s. 6d. Demy 8vo._

This volume contains Fifteen New Fairy Stories by Popular Authors. Many charming original illustrations are included.

It is beautifully printed in bold clear type, and bound in a most attractive style.

"A very delightful volume, and eminently qualified for a gift book....
The stories are bright and interesting."--_Glasgow Herald._

"We hope the book will get into many children's hands."--_Review of
Reviews._

"We can recommend the stories for their originality, and the volume
for its elegant and tasteful appearance."--_Westminster Gazette._

Famous Frosts and Frost Fairs in Great Britain.

Chronicled from the Earliest to the Present Time.

BY WILLIAM ANDREWS, F.R.H.S.

_Fcap. 4to. Bevelled boards, gilt tops. Price 4s._

This work furnishes a carefully prepared account of all the great Frosts occurring in this country from A.D. 134 to 1887. The numerous Frost Fairs on the Thames are fully described, and illustrated with quaint woodcuts, and several old ballads relating to the subject are reproduced. It is tastefully printed and elegantly bound.

"A very interesting volume."--_Northern Daily Telegraph._

"A great deal of curious and valuable information is contained in
these pages.... A comely volume."--_Literary World._

"An interesting and valuable work."--_West Middlesex Times._

"A volume of much interest and great importance."--_Rotherham
Advertiser._

Andrews's Library of Masterpieces of Choice Literature.

This series of works consists of reprints carefully edited, with notes, etc., of a number of works which have long been out of print, but which are of undoubted merit, and volumes that cultured book-lovers will prize. Only the very best works in our literature are included in the series, and are carefully printed on good paper, and suitably bound. In all cases limited editions are printed.

The first three volumes of the series are as follow:--

_Crown 8vo., bound in Cloth, 2s. each._

The Months: Descriptive of the Successive Beauties of the Year.

BY LEIGH HUNT.

With Biographical Introduction by William Andrews, F.R.H.S.

A Song to David

BY CHRISTOPHER SMART.

Edited, with Notes, by J. R. Tutin.

Carmen Deo Nostro, _Te Decet_ Hymnus: Sacred Poems.

BY RICHARD CRASHAW.

Edited by J. R. Tutin.

London: William Andrews & Co., 5, Farringdon Avenue.