Chapter XX: The Western Tool Builders 261

Appendix A 281

Appendix B, The Jennings Gun 292

A Partial Bibliography on Tool Building 295

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Henry Maudslay _Frontispiece_

Fig. 1. Smeaton’s Boring Machine, Carron Iron
Works, 1769 _Facing page 2_

Fig. 2. French Lathes of about 1772 _Facing page 2_

Fig. 3. French Slide-Rest, 1772 _Facing page 6_

Fig. 4. French Lathe for Turning Ovals, 1772 _Facing page 6_

Fig. 5. Genealogy of the Early English Tool
Builders _page 7_

Fig. 6. John Wilkinson _Facing page 14_

Fig. 7. Wilkinson’s Boring Machine _Facing page 14_

Fig. 8. Eminent Men of Science Living in 1807-8 _Facing page 20_

Fig. 9. Sir Samuel Bentham _Facing page 22_

Fig. 10. Sir Marc Isambard Brunel _Facing page 26_

Fig. 11. Brunel’s Mortising Machine _Facing page 30_

Fig. 12. Brunel’s Shaping Machine _Facing page 30_

Fig. 13. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, Previous to
1569 _page 37_

Fig. 14. French Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1740 _page 37_

Fig. 15. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1797 _Facing page 42_

Fig. 16. Maudslay’s Screw-Cutting Lathe, about 1800 _Facing page 42_

Fig. 17. French Planing Machine by Nicholas Forq,
1751 _Facing page 50_

Fig. 18. Matthew Murray _Facing page 58_

Fig. 19. Richard Roberts _Facing page 58_

Fig. 20. Roberts’ Planer, Built in 1817 _Facing page 60_

Fig. 21. Roberts’ Back-Geared Lathe _Facing page 60_

Fig. 22. James Nasmyth _Facing page 82_

Fig. 23. First Sketch of the Steam Hammer,
November 24, 1839 _Facing page 94_

Fig. 24. Model of the First Steam Hammer _Facing page 94_

Fig. 25. Sir Joseph Whitworth _Facing page 102_

Fig. 26. Samuel Slater _Facing page 122_

Fig. 27. Genealogy of the New England Gun Makers _page 139_

Fig. 28. The First Milling Machine, Built by Eli
Whitney about 1818 _Facing page 142_

Fig. 29. Blanchard “Gun-Stocking” Lathe, Built in
1818 for the Springfield Armory _Facing page 142_

Fig. 30. Eli Whitney _Facing page 152_

Fig. 31. Samuel Colt _Facing page 164_

Fig. 32. The Colt Armory _Facing page 168_

Fig. 33. Root’s Chucking Lathe, about 1855 _Facing page 170_

Fig. 34. Root’s Splining Machine, about 1855 _Facing page 170_

Fig. 35. Francis A. Pratt _Facing page 178_

Fig. 36. Amos Whitney _Facing page 178_

Fig. 37. Genealogy of the Robbins & Lawrence Shop _page 187_

Fig. 38. Robbins & Lawrence Armory, Windsor, Vt. _Facing page 190_

Fig. 39. Frederick W. Howe _Facing page 196_

Fig. 40. Richard S. Lawrence _Facing page 196_

Fig. 41. James Hartness _Facing page 198_

Fig. 42. Joseph R. Brown _Facing page 202_

Fig. 43. First Universal Milling Machine, 1862 _Facing page 208_

Fig. 44. Early Micrometer Calipers _Facing page 212_

Fig. 45. Genealogy of the Worcester Tool Builders _page 223_

Fig. 46. Lucius W. Pond _Facing page 228_

Fig. 47. Salmon W. Putnam _Facing page 228_

Fig. 48. Hiram W. Hayden _Facing page 232_

Fig. 49. Israel Holmes _Facing page 232_

Fig. 50. Genealogy of the Naugatuck Brass Industry _page 235_

Fig. 51. William Sellers _Facing page 248_

Fig. 52. Coleman Sellers _Facing page 252_

Fig. 53. William B. Bement _Facing page 252_

Fig. 54. Worcester R. Warner _Facing page 262_

Fig. 55. Ambrose Swasey _Facing page 262_

Fig. 56. The “Mult-au-matic” Lathe, 1914 _Facing page 276_

Fig. 57. Machine Tool Building Area of the United
States, 1915 _page 279_

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN TOOL BUILDERS