Chapter XIII: Vocabulary and Index (4)

Shebeen or sheebeen; an unlicensed public-house or alehouse where
spirits are sold on the sly. (Used all over Ireland.) Irish _sibin_,
same sound and meaning.

Shee; a fairy, fairies; also meaning the place where fairies live,
usually a round green little hill or elf-mound having a glorious palace
underneath: Irish _sidhe_, same sound and meanings. _Shee_ often takes
the diminutive form--_sheeoge_.

Shee-geeha; the little whirl of dust you often see moving along the
road on a calm dusty day: this is a band of fairies travelling from one
_lis_ or elf-mound to another, and you had better turn aside and avoid
it. Irish _sidhe-gaoithe_, same sound and meaning, where _gaoithe_ is
wind: 'wind-fairies': called 'fairy-blast' in Kildare.

Sheehy, Rev. Father, of Kilfinane, 147.

Sheela; a female Christian name (as in 'Sheela Ni Gyra'). Used in the
South as a reproachful name for a boy or a man inclined to do work or
interest himself in affairs properly belonging to women. See 'Molly.'

Sheep's eyes: when a young man looks fondly and coaxingly on his
sweetheart he is 'throwing sheep's eyes' at her.

Sherral; an offensive term for a mean unprincipled fellow. (Moran:
South Mon.)

Sheugh or Shough; a deep cutting, elsewhere called a ditch, often
filled with water. (Seumas MacManus: N.W. Ulster.) {321}

Shillelah; a handstick of oak, an oaken cudgel for fighting. (Common
all over Ireland.) From a district in Wicklow called Shillelah,
formerly noted for its oak woods, in which grand shillelahs were
plentiful.

Shingerleens [shing-erleens]; small bits of finery; ornamental tags and
ends--of ribbons, bow-knots, tassels, &c.--hanging on dress, curtains,
furniture, &c. (Munster.)

Shire; to pour or drain off water or any liquid, quietly and without
disturbing the solid parts remaining behind, such as draining off the
whey-like liquid from buttermilk.

Shlamaan' [_aa_ like _a_ in _car_]; a handful of straw, leeks, &c.
(Morris: South Monaghan.)

Shoggle; to shake or jolt. (Derry.)

Shoneen; a _gentleman_ in a small way: a would-be gentleman who puts on
superior airs. Always used contemptuously.

Shook; in a bad way, done up, undone:--'I'm shook by the loss of that
money': 'he was shook for a pair of shoes.'

Shooler; a wanderer, a stroller, a vagrant, a tramp, a rover: often
means a mendicant. (Middle and South of Ireland.) From the Irish
_siubhal_ [shool], to walk, with the English termination _er_: lit.
'walker.'

Shoonaun; a deep circular basket, made of twisted rushes or straw, and
lined with calico; it had a cover and was used for holding linen,
clothes, &c. (Limerick and Cork.) From Irish _sibhinn_ [shiven], a
rush, a bulrush: of which the diminutive _siubhnan_ [shoonaun] is our
word: signifying {322} 'made of rushes.' Many a shoonaun I saw in my
day; and I remember meeting a man who was a shoonaun maker by trade.

Short castle or short castles; a game played by two persons on a square
usually drawn on a slate with the two diagonals: each player having
three counters. See Mills.

Shore; the brittle woody part separated in bits and dust from the fibre
of flax by scutching or _cloving_. Called _shores_ in Monaghan.

Shraff, shraft; Shrovetide: on and about Shrove Tuesday:--'I bought
that cow last shraff.'

Shraums, singular shraum; the matter that collects about the eyes of
people who have tender eyes: matter running from sore eyes. (Moran:
Carlow.) Irish _sream_ [sraum]. Same meaning.

Shrule; to rinse an article of clothing by pulling it backwards and
forwards in a stream. (Moran: Carlow.) Irish _sruil_, a stream.

Shrough; a rough wet place; an incorrect anglicised form of Irish
_srath_, a wet place, a marsh.

Shuggy-shoo; the play of see-saw. (Ulster.)

Shurauns; any plants with large leaves, such as hemlock, wild parsnip,
&c. (Kinahan: Wicklow.)

Sighth (for sight); a great number, a large quantity. (General.) 'Oh
Mrs. Morony haven't you a _sighth_ of turkeys': 'Tom Cassidy has a
sighth of money.' This is old English. Thus in a Quaker's diary of
1752:--'There was a great sight of people passed through the streets of
Limerick.' This expression is I think still heard in England, and is
very much in use in America. Very general in Ireland. {323}

Sign; a very small quantity--a trace. Used all over Ireland in this
way:--'My gardens are _every sign_ as good as yours': 'he had no sign
of drink on him': 'there's no sign of sugar in my tea' (Hayden and
Hartog): 'look out to see if Bill is coming': 'no--there's no sign of
him.' This is a translation from the Irish _rian_, for which see next
entry.

Sign's on, sign is on, sign's on it; used to express the result or
effect or proof of any proceeding:--'Tom Kelly never sends his children
to school, and sign's on (or sign's on it) they are growing up like
savages': 'Dick understands the management of fruit trees well, and
sign's on, he is making lots of money by them.' This is a translation
from Irish, in which _rian_ means _track_, _trace_, _sign_: and 'sign's
on it' is _ta a rian air_ ('its sign is on it').

Silenced; a priest is silenced when he is suspended from his priestly
functions by his ecclesiastical superiors: 'unfrocked.'

Singlings; the weak pottheen whiskey that comes off at the first
distillation: agreeable to drink but terribly sickening. Also called
'First shot.'

Sippy; a ball of rolled _sugans_ (i.e. hay or straw ropes), used
instead of a real ball in hurling or football. (Limerick.) Irish
_suipigh_, same sound and meaning. A diminutive of _sop_, a wisp.

Skeeagh [2-syll.]; a shallow osier basket, usually for potatoes.
(South.)

Skeedeen; a trifle, anything small of its kind; a small potato. (Derry
and Donegal.) Irish _scidin_, same sound and meaning. {324}

Skellig, Skellig List--On the Great Skellig rock in the Atlantic, off
the coast of Kerry, are the ruins of a monastery, to which people at
one time went on pilgrimage--and a difficult pilgrimage it was. The
tradition is still kept up in some places, though in an odd form; in
connection with the custom that marriages are not solemnised in Lent,
i.e. after Shrove Tuesday. It is well within my memory that--in the
south of Ireland--young persons who should have been married before
Ash-Wednesday, but were not, were supposed to set out on pilgrimage to
Skellig on Shrove Tuesday night: but it was all a make-believe. Yet I
remember witnessing occasionally some play in mock imitation of the
pilgrimage. It was usual for a local bard to compose what was called a
'Skellig List'--a jocose rhyming catalogue of the unmarried men and
women of the neighbourhood who went on the sorrowful journey--which was
circulated on Shrove Tuesday and for some time after. Some of these
were witty and amusing: but occasionally they were scurrilous and
offensive doggerel. They were generally too long for singing; but I
remember one--a good one too--which--when I was very young--I heard
sung to a spirited air. It is represented here by a single verse, the
only one I remember. (See also 'Chalk Sunday,' p. 234, above.)

As young Rory and Moreen were talking,
How Shrove Tuesday was just drawing near;
For the tenth time he asked her to marry;
But says she:--'Time enough till next year.
{325}
Then ochone I'm going to Skellig:
O Moreen, what will I do?
'Tis the woeful road to travel;
And how lonesome I'll be without you!'[8]

Here is a verse from another:--

Poor Andy Callaghan with doleful nose
Came up and told his tale of many woes:--
Some lucky thief from him his sweetheart stole,
Which left a weight of grief upon his soul:
With flowing tears he sat upon the grass,
And roared sonorous like a braying ass.

Skelly; to aim askew and miss the mark; to squint. (Patterson: all over
Ulster.)

Skelp; a blow, to give a blow or blows; a piece cut off:--'Tom gave Pat
a skelp': 'I cut off a skelp of the board with a hatchet.' To run
fast:--'There's Joe skelping off to school.'

Skib; a flat basket:--'We found the people collected round a skibb of
potatoes.' ('Wild Sports of the West.')

Skidder, skiddher; broken thick milk, stale and sour. (Munster.)

Skillaun. The piece cut out of a potato to be used as seed, containing
one germinating _eye_, from which the young stalk grows. Several
skillauns will be cut from one potato; and the irregular part left is a
_skilloge_ (Cork and Kerry), or a _creelacaun_ (Limerick). Irish
_sciollan_, same sound and meaning.

Skit; to laugh and giggle in a silly way:--'I'll be {326} bail they
didn't skit and laugh.' (Crofton Croker.) 'Skit and laugh,' very common
in South.

Skite; a silly frivolous light-headed person. Hence Blatherumskite
(South), or (in Ulster), bletherumskite.

Skree; a large number of small things, as a skree of potatoes, a skree
of chickens, &c. (Morris: South Monaghan.)

Skull-cure for a bad toothache. Go to the nearest churchyard alone by
night, to the corner where human bones are usually heaped up, from
which take and bring away a skull. Fill the skull with water, and take
a drink from it: that will cure your toothache.

Sky farmer; a term much used in the South with several shades of
meaning: but the idea underlying all is a farmer without land, or with
only very little--having broken down since the time when he had a big
farm--who often keeps a cow or two grazing along the roadsides. Many of
these struggling men acted as intermediaries between the big corn
merchants and the large farmers in the sale of corn, and got thereby a
percentage from the buyers. A 'sky farmer' has his farm _in the sky_.

Slaan [_aa_ long as the _a_ in _car_]; a sort of very sharp spade, used
in cutting turf or peat. Universal in the South.

Slack-jaw; impudent talk, continuous impertinences:--'I'll have none of
your slack-jaw.'

Slang; a narrow strip of land along a stream, not suited to
cultivation, but grazed. (Moran: Carlow.)

Sleeveen; a smooth-tongued, sweet-mannered, sly, {327} guileful fellow.
Universal all over the South and Middle. Irish _slighbhin_, same sound
and meaning; from _sligh_, a way: _binn_, sweet, melodious: 'a
_sweet-mannered_ fellow.'

Slewder, sluder [_d_ sounded like _th_ in _smooth_]; a wheedling
coaxing fellow: as a verb, to wheedle. Irish _sligheadoir_ [sleedore],
same meaning.

Sliggin; a thin flat little stone. (Limerick.) Irish. Primary meaning
_a shell_.

Sling-trot; when a person or an animal is going along [not walking but]
trotting or running along at a leisurely pace. (South.)

Slinge [slinj]; to walk along slowly and lazily. In some places,
playing truant from school. (South.)

Slip; a young girl. A young pig, older than a _bonnive_, running about
almost independent of its mother. (General.)

Slipe; a rude sort of cart or sledge without wheels used for dragging
stones from a field. (Ulster.)

Slitther; a kind of thick soft leather: also a ball covered with that
leather, for hurling. (Limerick.)

Sliver; a piece of anything broken or cut off, especially cut off
longitudinally. An old English word, obsolete in England, but still
quite common in Munster.

Slob; a soft fat quiet simple-minded girl or boy:--'Your little Nellie
is a quiet poor slob': used as a term of endearment.

Sloke, sloak, sluke, sloukaun; a sea plant of the family of _laver_
found growing on rocks round the coast, which is esteemed a table
delicacy--dark-coloured, almost black; often pickled and eaten with
pepper, vinegar, &c. Seen in all the Dublin {328} fish shops. The name,
which is now known all over the Three Kingdoms, is anglicised from
Irish _sleabhac_, _sleabhacan_ [slouk, sloukaun].

Slug; a drink: as a verb, to drink:--'Here take a little slug from this
and 'twill do you good.' Irish _slog_ to swallow by drinking.
(General.) Whence _slugga_ and _sluggera_, a cavity in a river-bed into
which the water is _slugged_ or swallowed.

Slugabed; a sluggard. (General in Limerick.) Old English, obsolete in
England:--'Fie, you slug-a-bed.' ('Romeo and Juliet.')

Slush; to work and toil like a slave: a woman who toils hard.
(General.)

Slut; a torch made by dipping a long wick in resin. (Armagh.) Called a
_paudheoge_ in Munster.

Smaadher [_aa_ like _a_ in _car_]; to break in pieces. Jim Foley was on
a _pooka's_ back on the top of an old castle, and he was afraid he'd
'tumble down and be _smathered_ to a thousand pieces.' (Ir. Mag.)

Smalkera; a rude home-made wooden spoon.

Small-clothes; kneebreeches. (Limerick.) So called to avoid the plain
term _breeches_, as we now often say _inexpressibles_.

Small farmer; has a small farm with small stock of cattle: a struggling
man as distinguished from a 'strong' farmer.

Smeg, smeggeen, smiggin; a tuft of hair on the chin. (General.) Merely
the Irish _smeig_, _smeigin_; same sounds and meaning.

Smithereens; broken fragments after a smash, 4.

Smullock [to rhyme with _bullock_]; a fillip of the finger. (Limerick.)
Irish _smallog_, same meaning. {329}

Smur, smoor, fine thick mist. (North.) Irish _smur_, mist.

Smush [to rhyme with _bush_]: anything reduced to fine small fragments,
like straw or hay, dry peat-mould in dust, &c.

Smush, used contemptuously for the mouth, a hairy mouth:--'I don't like
your ugly _smush_.'

Snachta-shaidhaun: dry powdery snow blown about by the wind. Irish
_sneachta_, snow, and _seidean_, a breeze. (South.)

Snaggle-tooth; a person with some teeth gone so as to leave gaps.

Snap-apple; a play with apples on Hallow-eve, where big apples are
placed in difficult positions and are to be caught by the teeth of the
persons playing. Hence Hallow-Eve is often called 'Snap-apple night.'

Snauvaun; to move about slowly and lazily. From Irish _snamh_ [snauv],
to swim, with the diminutive:--Moving slowly like a person swimming.

Sned; to clip off, to cut away, like the leaves and roots of a turnip.
Sned also means the handle of a scythe.

Snig; to cut or clip with a knife:--'The shoots of that apple-tree are
growing out too long: I must snig off the tops of them.'

Snish; neatness in clothes. (Morris: Carlow.)

Snoboge; a rosin torch. (Moran: Carlow.) Same as _slut_ and
_paudheoge_.

Snoke; to scent or snuff about like a dog. (Derry.)

So. This has some special dialectical senses among us. It is used for
_if_:--'I will pay you well _so_ you do the work to my liking.' This is
old English:--'I am content _so_ thou wilt have it so.' {330} ('Rom.
and Jul.') It is used as a sort of emphatic expletive carrying accent
or emphasis:--'Will you keep that farm?' 'I will _so_,' i.e. 'I will
for certain.' 'Take care and don't break them' (the dishes): 'I won't
_so_.' ('Collegians.') It is used in the sense of 'in that case':--'I
am not going to town to-day'; 'Oh well I will not go, _so_'--i.e. 'as
you are not going.'

Sock; the tubular or half-tubular part of a spade or shovel that holds
the handle. Irish _soc_.

Soft day; a wet day. (A usual salute.)

Soil; fresh-cut grass for cattle.

Sold; betrayed, outwitted:--'If that doesn't frighten him off you're
sold' (caught in the trap, betrayed, ruined. Edw. Walsh in Ir. Pen.
Journal).

Something like; excellent:--'That's something like a horse,' i.e. a
fine horse and no mistake.

Sonaghan; a kind of trout that appears in certain lakes in November,
coming from the rivers. (Prof. J. Cooke, M.A., of Dublin: for
Ulster):--Irish _samhain_ [sowan], November: _samhnachan_ with the
diminutive _an_ or _chan_, 'November-fellow.'

Sonoohar; a good wife, a good partner in marriage; a good marriage:
generally used in the form of a wish:--'Thankee sir and sonoohar to
you.' Irish _sonuachar_, same sound and meaning.

Sonsy; fortunate, prosperous. Also well-looking and healthy:--'A fine
_sonsy_ girl.' Irish _sonas_, luck; _sonasach_, _sonasaigh_, same sound
and meaning.

Soogan, sugan, sugaun; a straw or hay rope twisted by the hand.

Soss; a short trifling fall with no harm beyond a smart shock. (Moran:
Carlow.) {331}

Sough; a whistling or sighing noise like that of the wind through
trees. 'Keep a calm sough' means keep quiet, keep silence. (Ulster.)

Soulth; 'a formless luminous apparition.' (W. B. Yeats.) Irish
_samhailt_ [soulth], a ghost, an apparition; _lit._ a 'likeness,' from
_samhai_ [sowel], like.

Sources of Anglo-Irish Dialect, 1.

Sowans, sowens; a sort of flummery or gruel usually made and eaten on
Hallow Eve. Very general in Ulster and Scotland; merely the Irish word
_samhain_, the first of November; for Hallow Eve is really a November
feast, as being the eve of the first of that month. In old times in
Ireland, the evening went with the coming night.

Spalpeen. Spalpeens were labouring men--reapers, mowers,
potato-diggers, &c.--who travelled about in the autumn seeking
employment from the farmers, each with his spade, or his scythe, or his
reaping-hook. They congregated in the towns on market and fair days,
where the farmers of the surrounding districts came to hire them. Each
farmer brought home his own men, fed them on good potatoes and milk,
and sent them to sleep in the barn on dry straw--a bed--as one of them
said to me--'a bed fit for a lord, let alone a spalpeen.' The word
_spalpeen_ is now used in the sense of a low rascal. Irish _spailpin_,
same sound and meaning. (See my 'Old Irish Folk Music and Songs,' p.
216; and for the Ulster term see Rabble above.)

Spaug; a big clumsy foot:--'You put your ugly spaug down on my
handkerchief.' Irish _spag_, same sound and sense. {332}

Speel; to climb. (Patterson: Ulster.)

Spink; a sharp rock, a precipice. (Tyrone.) _Splink_ in Donegal. Irish
_spinnc_ and _splinnc_, same sounds and meaning.

Spit; the soil dug up and turned over, forming a long trench as deep as
the spade will go. 'He dug down three spits before he came to the
gravel.'

Spoileen; a coarse kind of soap made out of scraps of inferior grease
and meat: often sold cheap at fairs and markets. (Derry and Tyrone.)
Irish _spoilin_, a small bit of meat.

Spoocher; a sort of large wooden shovel chiefly used for lifting small
fish out of a boat. (Ulster.)

Spreece; red-hot embers, chiefly ashes. (South.) Irish _spris_, same
sound and meaning. Same as _greesagh_.

Sprissaun; an insignificant contemptible little chap. Irish _spriosan_
[same sound], the original meaning of which is a twig or spray from a
bush. (South.)

'To the devil I pitch ye ye set of sprissauns.'

(Old Folk Song, for which see my 'Ancient Irish
Music,' p. 85.)

Sprong: a four-pronged manure fork. (MacCall: South-east counties.)

Spruggil, spruggilla; the craw of a fowl. (Morris: South Monaghan.)
Irish _sprogal_ [spruggal], with that meaning and several others.

Sprunge [sprunj], any animal miserable and small for its age. (Ulster.)

Spuds; potatoes.

Spunk; tinder, now usually made by steeping {333} brown paper in a
solution of nitre; lately gone out of use from the prevalence of
matches. Often applied in Ulster and Scotland to a spark of fire: 'See
is there a spunk of fire in the hearth.' Spunk also denotes spirit,
courage, and dash. 'Hasn't Dick great spunk to face that big fellow,
twice his size?'

'I'm sure if you had not been drunk
With whiskey, rum, or brandy--O,
You would not have the gallant spunk
To be half so bold or manly--O.'

(Old Irish Folk Song.)

Irish _sponnc_.

Spy farleys; to pry into secrets: to visit a house, in order to spy
about what's going on. (Ulster.)

Spy-Wednesday; the Wednesday before Easter. According to the religious
legend it got the name because on the Wednesday before the Crucifixion
Judas was spying about how best he could deliver up our Lord.
(General.)

Squireen; an Irish gentleman in a small way who apes the manners, the
authoritative tone, and the aristocratic bearing of the large landed
proprietors. Sometimes you can hardly distinguish a squireen from a
_half-sir_ or from a _shoneen_. Sometimes the squireen was the son of
the old squire: a worthless young fellow, who loafed about doing
nothing, instead of earning an honest livelihood: but he was too grand
for that. The word is a diminutive of _squire_, applied here in
contempt, like many other diminutives. The class of squireen is nearly
extinct: 'Joy be with them.'

Stackan; the stump of a tree remaining after the {334} tree itself has
been cut or blown down. (Simmons: Armagh.) Irish _staic_, a stake, with
the diminutive.

Stad; the same as _sthallk_, which see.

Stag; a potato rendered worthless or bad by frost or decay.

Stag; a cold-hearted unfeeling selfish woman.

Stag; an informer, who turns round and betrays his comrades:--'The two
worst informers against a private [pottheen] distiller, barring a
_stag_, are a smoke by day and a fire by night.' (Carleton in 'Ir. Pen.
Journ.') 'Do you think me a _stag_, that I'd inform on you.' (Ibid.)

Staggeen [the _t_ sounded like _th_ in _thank_], a worn-out worthless
old horse.

Stand to or by a person, to act as his friend; to stand _for_ an
infant, to be his sponsor in baptism. The people hardly ever say, 'I'm
his godfather,' but 'I stood for him.'

Stare; the usual name for a starling (bird) in Ireland.

Station. The celebration of Mass with confessions and Holy Communion in
a private house by the parish priest or one of his curates, for the
convenience of the family and their neighbours, to enable them the more
easily to receive the sacraments. Latterly the custom has been falling
into disuse.

Staukan-vorraga [_t_ sounded like _th_ in _thorn_], a small high rick
of turf in a market from which portions were continually sold away and
as continually replaced: so that the _sthauca_ stood always in the
people's way. Applied also to a big awkward fellow always visiting when
he's not wanted, and {335} always in the way. (John Davis White, of
Clonmel.) Irish _staca 'n mharga_ [sthaucan-vorraga], the 'market stake
or stack.'

Stelk or stallk; mashed potatoes mixed with beans or chopped
vegetables. (North.)

Sthallk; a fit of sulk in a horse--or in a child. (Munster.) Irish
_stailc_, same sound and meaning.

Sthoakagh; a big idle wandering vagabond fellow. (South.) Irish
_stocach_, same sound and meaning.

Sthowl; a jet or splash of water or of any liquid. (South.) Irish
_steall_, same sound and meaning.

Stim or stime; a very small quantity, an _iota_, an atom, a
particle:--'You'll never have a stim of sense' ('Knocknagow'): 'I
couldn't see a stim in the darkness.'

Stook; a shock of corn, generally containing twelve sheaves. (General.)
Irish _stuaic_, same sound and meaning, with several other meanings.

Stoon; a fit, the worst of a fit: same as English _stound_: a sting of
pain:--'Well Bridget how is the toothache?' 'Ah well sir the stoon is
off.' (De Vismes Kane: Ulster.)

Store pig; a pig nearly full grown, almost ready to be fattened.
(Munster.)

Str. Most of the following words beginning with _str_ are derived from
Irish words beginning with _sr_. For as this combination _sr_ does not
exist in English, when an Irish word with this beginning is borrowed
into English, a _t_ is always inserted between the _s_ and _r_ to bring
it into conformity with English usage and to render it more easily
pronounced by English-speaking tongues. See this subject discussed in
'Irish Names of Places,' {336} vol. I., p. 60. Moreover the _t_ in
_str_ is almost always sounded the same as _th_ in _think_, _thank_.

Straar or sthraar [to rhyme with _star_]; the rough straddle which
supports the back band of a horse's harness--coming between the horse's
back and the band. (Derry.) The old Irish word _srathar_ [same sound],
a straddle, a pack-saddle.

Straddy; a street-walker, an idle person always sauntering along the
streets. There is a fine Irish air named 'The Straddy' in my 'Old Irish
Music and Songs,' p. 310. From Irish _sraid_, a street.

Strahane, strahaun, _struhane_; a very small stream like a mill stream
or an artificial stream to a pottheen still. Irish _sruth_ [sruh]
stream, with dim.

Strammel; a big tall bony fellow. (Limerick.)

Strap; a bold forward girl or woman; the word often conveys a sense
slightly leaning towards lightness of character.

Strath; a term used in many parts of Ireland to denote the level watery
meadow-land along a river. Irish _srath_.

Stravage [to rhyme with _plague_]; to roam about idly:--'He is always
_stravaging_ the streets.' In Ulster it is made _stavage_.

Streel; a very common word all through Ireland to denote a lazy untidy
woman--a slattern: often made _streeloge_ in Connaught, the same word
with the diminutive. As a verb, _streel_ is used in the sense of to
drag along in an untidy way:--'Her dress was streeling in the mud.'
Irish _sril_ [sreel], same meanings.

Streel is sometimes applied to an untidy slovenly-looking man too, as I
once heard it {337} applied under odd circumstances when I was very
young. Bartholomew Power was long and lanky, with his clothes hanging
loose on him. On the morning when he and his newly-married wife--whom I
knew well, and who was then no chicken--were setting out for his home,
I walked a bit of the way with the happy bride to take leave of her.
Just when we were about to part, she turned and said to me--these were
her very words--'Well Mr. Joyce, you know the number of nice young men
I came across in my day (naming half a dozen of them), and,' said
she--nodding towards the bride-groom, who was walking by the car a few
perches in front--'isn't it a heart-scald that at the end of all I have
now to walk off with that streel of a devil.'

Strickle; a scythe-sharpener covered with emery, (Simmons: Armagh.)

Strig; the _strippings_ or milk that comes last from a cow. (Morris:
South Monaghan.)

Striffin; the thin pellicle or skin on the inside of an egg-shell.
(Ulster.)

Strippings; the same as strig, the last of the milk that comes from the
cow at milking--always the richest. Often called in Munster _sniug_.

Stroansha; a big idle lazy lump of a girl, always gadding about. Irish
_stroinse_, same sound and meaning.

Strock'ara [accent on _strock-_]; a very hard-working man. (Munster.)
Irish _stracaire_, same sound and meaning, with several other meanings.

Strong; well in health, without any reference to muscular strength.
'How is your mother these times?' 'She's very strong now thank God.'
{338}

Strong farmer; a very well-to-do prosperous farmer, with a large farm
and much cattle. In contradistinction to a 'small farmer.'

Stroup or stroop; the spout of a kettle or teapot or the lip of a jug.
(Ulster.)

Strunt; to sulk. (Simmons: Armagh.) Same as _sthallk_ for the South.

Stum; a sulky silent person. (Antrim and Down.)

Stumpy; a kind of coarse heavy cake made from grated potatoes from
which the starch has been squeezed out: also called muddly. (Munster.)

Sturk, stirk, sterk; a heifer or bullock about two years old: a pig
three or four months old. Often applied to a stout low-sized boy or
girl. Irish _storc_.

Sugan; a straw or hay rope: same as soogan.

Sugeen; water in which oatmeal has been steeped: often drunk by workmen
on a hot day in place of plain water. (Roscommon.) From Ir. _sugh_,
juice.

Sulter; great heat [of a day]: a word formed from _sultry_:--'There's
great _sulther_ to-day.'

Summachaun; a soft innocent child. (Munster.) Irish _somachan_, same
sound and meaning. In Connaught it means a big ignorant puffed up booby
of a fellow.

Sup; one mouthful of liquid: a small quantity drunk at one time. This
is English:--'I took a small sup of rum.' ('Robinson Crusoe.') 'We all
take a sup in our turn.' (Irish Folk Song.)

Sure; one of our commonest opening words for a sentence: you will hear
it perpetually among gentle and simple: 'Don't forget to lock up the
fowls.' 'Sure I did that an hour ago.' 'Sure {339} you won't forget to
call here on your way back?' 'James, sure I sold my cows.'

Swan-skin; the thin finely-woven flannel bought in shops; so called to
distinguish it from the coarse heavy home-made flannel. (Limerick.)

Swearing, 66.

Tally-iron or tallin-iron; the iron for _crimping_ or curling up the
borders of women's caps. A corruption of _Italian-iron_.

Targe; a scolding woman, a _barge_. (Ulster.)

Tartles: ragged clothes; torn pieces of dress. (Ulster.)

Taste; a small bit or amount of anything:--'He has no taste of pride':
'Aren't you ashamed of yourself?' 'Not a taste': 'Could you give me the
least taste in life of a bit of soap?'

Tat, tait; a tangled or matted wad or mass of hair on a girl or on an
animal. 'Come here till I comb the _tats_ out of your hair. (Ulster.)
Irish _tath_ [tah]. In the anglicised word the aspirated _t_ (th),
which sounds like _h_ in Irish, is restored to its full sound in the
process of anglicisation in accordance with a law which will be found
explained in 'Irish Names of Places,' vol. i., pp. 42-48.

Teem; to strain off or pour off water or any liquid. To _teem_ potatoes
is to pour the water off them when they are boiled. In a like sense we
say it is _teeming_ rain. Irish _taom_, same sound and sense.

Ten commandments. 'She put her ten commandments on his face,' i.e. she
scratched his face with her ten finger-nails. (MacCall: Wexford.) {340}

Tent; the quantity of ink taken up at one time by a pen.

Terr; a provoking ignorant presumptuous fellow. (Moran: Carlow.)

Thacka, thuck-ya, thackeen, thuckeen; a little girl. (South.) Irish
_toice_, _toicin_ [thucka, thuckeen].

Thaheen; a handful of flax or hay. Irish _tath_, _taithin_ [thah,
thaheen], same meaning. (Same Irish word as Tat above: but in _thaheen_
the final _t_ is aspirated to _h_, following the Irish word.)

Thauloge: a boarded-off square enclosure at one side of the kitchen
fire-place of a farmhouse, where candlesticks, brushes, wet boots, &c.,
are put. (Moran: Carlow.)

Thayvaun or theevaun; the short beam of the roof crossing from one
rafter to the opposite one. (South.) Irish _taobh_ [thaiv], a 'side,'
with the diminutive.

Theeveen; a patch on the side of a shoe. (General.) Irish _taobh_
[thaiv], a side with the dim. _een_; taoibhin [theeveen], 'little
side.'

Thick; closely acquainted: same meaning as 'Great,' which see. 'Dick is
very thick with Joe now.'

Thiescaun thyscaun, [thice-caun], or thayscaun: a quantity of anything,
as a small load of hay drawn by a horse: 'When you're coming home with
the cart from the bog, you may as well bring a little _thyscaun_ of
turf. (South.) Irish _taoscan_ [thayscaun], same meaning.

Think long: to be longing for anything--home, friends, an event, &c.
(North.) 'I am thinking long till I see my mother.' {341}

Thirteen. When the English and Irish currencies were different, the
English shilling was worth thirteen pence in Ireland: hence a shilling
was called a _thirteen_ in Ireland:--'I gave the captain six thirteens
to ferry me over to Park-gate.' (Irish Folk Song.)

Thivish; a spectre, a ghost. (General.) Irish _taidhbhse_ [thivshe],
same meaning.

Thole; to endure, to bear:--'I had to thole hardship and want while you
were away.' (All over Ulster.)

Thon, thonder; yon, yonder:--'Not a tree or a thing only thon wee
couple of poor whins that's blowing up thonder on the rise.' (Seumas
MacManus, for North-West Ulster.)

Thoun'thabock: a good beating. Literally 'strong tobacco: Ir.
_teann-tabac_ [same sound]. 'If you don't mind your business, I'll give
you thounthabock.'

Thrape or threep; to assert vehemently, boldly, and in a manner not to
brook contradiction. Common in Meath and from that northward.

Thrashbag; several pockets sewed one above another along a strip of
strong cloth for holding thread, needles, buttons, &c., and rolled up
when not in use. (Moran: Carlow.)

Thraulagh, or thaulagh; a soreness or pain in the wrist of a reaper,
caused by work. (Connaught.) Irish--two forms--_tralach_ and _tadhlach_
[thraulagh, thaulagh.]

Three-na-haila; mixed up all in confusion:--'I must arrange my books
and papers: they are all _three-na-haila_.' (South.) Irish _tri n-a
cheile_, 'through each other.' The translation 'through-other' is
universal in Ulster. {342}

Three-years-old and Four-years-old; the names of two hostile factions
in the counties of Limerick, Tipperary, and Cork, of the early part of
last century, who fought whenever they met, either individually or in
numbers, each faction led by its redoubtable chief. The weapons were
sticks, but sometimes stones were used. We boys took immense delight in
witnessing those fights, keeping at a safe distance however for fear of
a stray stone. Three-years and Four-years battles were fought in New
Pallas in Tipperary down to a few years ago.

Thrisloge; a long step in walking, a long jump. (Munster.) Irish
_trioslog_, same sound.

Throllop; an untidy woman, a slattern, a _streel_. (Banim: very general
in the South.)

Thurmus, thurrumus; to sulk from food. (Munster.) Irish _toirmesc_
[thurrumask], same meaning:--'Billy won't eat his supper: he is
_thurrumusing_.'

Tibb's-Eve; 'neither before nor after Christmas,' i.e., never: 'Oh
you'll get your money by Tibb's-Eve.'

Till; used in many parts of Ireland in the sense of 'in order
that':--'Come here Micky _till_ I comb your hair.'

Tilly; a small quantity of anything given over and above the quantity
purchased. Milkmen usually give a tilly with the pint or quart. Irish
_tuilledh_, same sound and meaning. Very general.

Tinges; goods that remain long in a draper's hands. (Moran: Carlow.)

Togher [toher]; a road constructed through a bog or swamp; often of
brambles or wickerwork covered over with gravel and stones. {343}

Tootn-egg [3-syll.], a peculiar-shaped brass or white-metal button,
having the stem fastened by a conical-shaped bit of metal. I have seen
it explained as _tooth-and-egg_; but I believe this to be a guess.
(Limerick.)

Tory-top; the seed cone of a fir-tree. (South.)

Towards; in comparison with:--'That's a fine horse towards the one you
had before.'

Tradesman; an artisan, a working mechanic. In Ireland the word is
hardly ever applied to a shopkeeper.

Trake; a long tiresome walk: 'you gave me a great trake for nothing,'
(Ulster.)

Tram or tram-cock; a hay-cock--rather a small one. (Moran: Carlow.)

Trams; the ends of the cart shafts that project behind. (North.) Called
_heels_ in the South.

Trance; the name given in Munster to the children's game of Scotch hop
or pickey.

Traneen or trawneen; a long slender grass-stalk, like a
knitting-needle. Used all over Ireland. In some places _cushoge_.

Travel; used in Ulster for walking as distinguished from driving or
riding:--'Did you drive to Derry?' 'Oh no, I travelled.'

Trice; to make an agreement or bargain. (Simmons: Armagh.)

Triheens; a pair of stockings with only the legs: the two feet cut off.
It is the Irish _troigh_ [thro], a foot, with the
diminutive--_troighthin_ [triheen]. In Roscommon this word is applied
to the handle of a loy or spade which has been broken and patched
together again. (Connaught and Munster.) {344}

Trindle; the wheel of a wheelbarrow. (Morris for South Monaghan.)

Trinket; a small artificial channel for water: often across and under a
road. (Simmons and Patterson: East Ulster.) See Linthern.

Turf; peat for fuel: used in this sense all over Ireland. We hardly
ever use the word in the sense of 'Where heaves the _turf_ in many a
mouldering heap.'

Turk; an ill-natured surly boorish fellow.

Twig; to understand, to discern, to catch the point:--'When I hinted at
what I wanted, he twigged me at once.' Irish _tuig_ [twig], to
understand.

Ubbabo; an exclamation of wonder or surprise;--'Ubbabo,' said the old
woman, 'we'll soon see to that.' (Crofton Croker.)

Ullagone; an exclamation of sorrow; a name applied to any
lamentation:--'So I sat down ... and began to sing the Ullagone.'
(Crofton Croker.) 'Mike was ullagoning all day after you left.'
(Irish.)

Ullilu; an interjection of sorrow equivalent to the English _alas_ or
_alack and well-a-day_. (Irish.)

Unbe-knownst; unknown, secret. (De Vismes Kane for Monaghan: but used
very generally.)

Under has its peculiar uses:--'She left the fish out under the cats,
and the jam out under the children.' (Hayden and Hartog: for Dublin and
its neighbourhood: but used also in the South.)

Under-board; 'the state of a corpse between death and interment.'
(Simmons: Armagh.) 'From the board laid on the breast of the corpse,
with a plate of snuff and a Bible or Prayerbook laid on it.' (S. Scott,
Derry.) {345}

Variety of Phrases, A, 185.

Venom, generally pronounced _vinnom_; energy:--'He does his work with
great venom.' An attempted translation from an Irish word that bears
more than one meaning, and the wrong meaning is brought into
English:--viz. _neim_ or _neimh_, literally _poison_, _venom_, but
figuratively _fierceness_, _energy_. John O'Dugan writes in Irish (500
years ago):--_Ris gach ndruing do niad a neim_: 'against every tribe
they [the Clann Ferrall] exert their _neim_' (literally their _poison_,
but meaning their energy or bravery). So also the three sons of Fiacha
are endowed _coisin neim_ 'with fierceness,' lit. with _poison_ or
_venom_. (Silva Gadelica.) In an old Irish tale a lady looks with
intense earnestness on a man she admires: in the Irish it is said 'She
put _nimh a sul_ on him, literally the '_venom_ of her eyes,' meaning
the keenest glance of her eyes.

Hence over a large part of Ireland, especially the South, you will
hear: 'Ah, Dick is a splendid man to hire: he works with such _venom_.'
A countryman (Co. Wicklow), speaking of the new National
Teacher:--'Indeed sir he's well enough, but for all that he hasn't the
_vinnom_ of poor Mr. O'Brien:' i.e. he does not teach with such energy.

Very fond; when there is a long spell of rain, frost, &c., people
say:--'It is very fond of the rain,' &c.

Voteen; a person who is a _devotee_ in religion: nearly always applied
in derision to one who is excessively and ostentatiously devotional.
(General.)

{346}

Wad; a wisp of straw or hay pressed tightly together. A broken pane in
a window is often stuffed with a wad of straw. 'Careless and gay, like
a wad in a window': old saying. (General.)

Walsh, Edward, 5, &c.

Wangle; the handful of straw a thatcher grasps in his left hand from
time to time while thatching, twisted up tight at one end. By extension
of meaning applied to a tall lanky weak young fellow. (Moran: middle
eastern counties.)

Wangrace; oatmeal gruel for sick persons. (Simmons: Armagh.)

Want; often used in Ulster in the following way:--'I asked Dick to come
back to us, for we couldn't want him,' i.e. couldn't do without him.

Wap; a bundle of straw; as a verb, to make up straw into a bundle.
(Derry and Monaghan.)

Warrant; used all over Ireland in the following way--nearly always with
_good_, _better_, or _best_, but sometimes with _bad_:--'You're a good
warrant (a good hand) to play for us [at hurling] whenever we ax you.'
('Knocknagow.') 'She was a good warrant to give a poor fellow a meal
when he wanted it': 'Father Patt gave me a tumbler of _rale_ stiff
punch, and the divel a better warrant to make the same was within the
province of Connaught.' ('Wild Sports of the West.')

Watch-pot; a person who sneaks into houses about meal times hoping to
get a bit or to be asked to join.

Way. 'A dairyman's _way_, a labourer's _way_, means the privileges or
perquisites which the dairyman or labourer gets, in addition to the
main contract. A {347} _way_ might be grazing for a sheep, a patch of
land for potatoes, &c.' (Healy: for Waterford.)

Wearables; articles of clothing. In Tipperary they call the
old-fashioned wig 'Dwyer's wearable.'

Weather-blade, in Armagh, the same as 'Goureen-roe' in the South, which
see.

Wee (North), weeny (South); little.

Well became. 'When Tom Cullen heard himself insulted by the master,
well became him he up and defied him and told him he'd stay no longer
in his house.' 'Well became' here expresses approval of Tom's action as
being the correct and becoming thing to do. I said to little Patrick 'I
don't like to give you any more sweets you're so near your dinner'; and
well became him he up and said:--'Oh I get plenty of sweets at home
before my dinner.' 'Well became Tom he paid the whole bill.'

Wersh, warsh, worsh; insipid, tasteless, needing salt or sugar.
(Simmons and Patterson: Ulster.)

Wet and dry; 'Tom gets a shilling a day, wet and dry'; i.e. constant
work and constant pay in all weathers. (General.)

Whack: food, sustenance:--'He gets 2s. 6d. a day and his _whack_.'

Whassah or fassah; to feed cows in some unusual place, such as along a
lane or road: to herd them in unfenced ground. The food so given is
also called _whassah_. (Moran: for South Mon.) Irish _fasach_, a
wilderness, any wild place.

Whatever; at any rate, anyway, anyhow: usually put in this sense at the
end of a sentence:--'Although she can't speak on other days of {348}
the week, she can speak on Friday, whatever.' ('Collegians.') 'Although
you wouldn't take anything else, you'll drink this glass of milk,
whatever.' (Munster.)

Curious, I find this very idiom in an English book recently published:
'Lord Tweedmouth. Notes and Recollections,' viz.:--'We could not cross
the river [in Scotland], but he would go [across] _whatever_.' The
writer evidently borrowed this from the English dialect of the
Highlands, where they use _whatever_ exactly as we do. (William Black:
'A Princess of Thule.') In all these cases, whether Irish or Scotch,
_whatever_ is a translation from the Gaelic _ar mhodh ar bith_ or some
such phrase.

Wheeling. When a fellow went about flourishing a cudgel and shouting
out defiance to people to fight him--shouting for his faction, side, or
district, he was said to be 'wheeling':--'Here's for Oola!' 'here's
_three years_!' 'here's Lillis!' (Munster.) Sometimes called
_hurrooing_. See 'Three-years-old.'

Wheen; a small number, a small quantity:--'I was working for a wheen o'
days': 'I'll eat a wheen of these gooseberries.' (Ulster.)

Whenever is generally used in Ulster for _when_:--'I was in town this
morning and whenever I came home I found the calf dead in the stable.'

Which. When a person does not quite catch what another says, there is
generally a query:--'eh?' 'what?' or 'what's that you say?' Our people
often express this query by the single word 'which?' I knew a highly
educated and highly {349} placed Dublin official who always so used the
word. (General.)

Whipster; a bold forward romping impudent girl. (Ulster.) In Limerick
it also conveys the idea of a girl inclined to _whip_ or steal things.

Whisht, silence: used all over Ireland in such phrases as 'hold your
whisht' (or the single word 'whisht'), i.e., be silent. It is the
Gaelic word _tost_, silence, with the first _t_ aspirated as it ought
to be, which gives it the sound of _h_. They pronounce it as if it were
written _thuist_, which is exactly sounded _whisht_. The same
word--taken from the Gaelic of course--is used everywhere in
Scotland:--When the Scottish Genius of Poetry appeared suddenly to
Burns (in 'The Vision'):--'Ye needna doubt, I held my whisht!'

Whisper, whisper here; both used in the sense of 'listen,' 'listen to
me':--'Whisper, I want to say something to you,' and then he proceeds
to say it, not in a whisper, but in the usual low conversational tone.
Very general all over Ireland. 'Whisper' in this usage is simply a
translation of _cogar_ [cogger], and 'whisper here' of _cogar annso_;
these Irish words being used by Irish speakers exactly as their
dialectical English equivalents are used in English: the English usage
being taken from the Irish.

White-headed boy or white-haired boy; a favourite, a person in favour,
whether man or boy:--'Oh you're the white-headed boy now.'

Whitterit or whitrit; a weasel. (Ulster.)

Whose owe? the same as 'who owns?':--'Whose owe is this book?' Old
English. My correspondent {350} states that this was a common
construction in Anglo-Saxon. (Ulster.)

Why; a sort of terminal expletive used in some of the Munster
counties:--'Tom is a strong boy why': 'Are you going to Ennis why?' 'I
am going to Cork why.'

Why for? used in Ulster as an equivalent to 'for what?'

Why but? 'Why not?' (Ulster.) 'Why but you speak your mind out?' i.e.
'Why should you not?' (Kane: Armagh.)

Why then; used very much in the South to begin a sentence, especially a
reply, much as _indeed_ is used in English:--'When did you see John
Dunn?' 'Why then I met him yesterday at the fair': 'Which do you like
best, tea or coffee?' 'Why then I much prefer tea.' 'Why then Pat is
that you; and how is _every rope's length_ of you?'

Wicked; used in the South in the sense of severe or cross. 'Mr. Manning
our schoolmaster is very wicked.'

Widow-woman and widow-man; are used for _widow_ and _widower_,
especially in Ulster: but _widow-woman_ is heard everywhere.

Wigs on the green; a fight: so called for an obvious reason:--'There
will be wigs on the green in the fair to-day.'

_Will you_ was never a good fellow, 18, 114.

Wine or wynd of hay; a small temporary stack of hay, made up on the
meadow. All the small wynds are ultimately made up into one large rick
or stack in the farmyard. {351}

Wipe, a blow: all over Ireland: he gave him a wipe on the face. In
Ulster, a goaly-wipe is a great blow on the ball with the _camaun_ or
hurley: such as will send it to the goal.

Wire. To _wire in_ is to begin work vigorously: to join in a fight.

Wirra; an exclamation generally indicating surprise, sorrow, or
vexation: it is the vocative of 'Muire' (_A Mhuire_), Mary, that is,
the Blessed Virgin.

Wirrasthru, a term of pity; alas. It is the phonetic form of _A Mhuire
is truaigh_, 'O Mary it is a pity (or a sorrow),' implying the
connexion of the Blessed Virgin with sorrow.

Wit; sense, which is the original meaning. But this meaning is nearly
lost in England while it is extant everywhere in Ireland:--A sharp
Ulster woman, entering her little boy in a Dublin Infant School, begged
of the mistress to teach him a little _wut_.

Witch: black witches are bad; white witches good. (West Donegal.)

Wish; esteem, friendship:--'Your father had a great wish for me,' i.e.
held me in particular esteem, had a strong friendship. (General.) In
this application it is merely the translation of the Irish _meas_,
respect:--_Ta meas mor agum ort_; I have great esteem for you, I have a
great _wish_ for you, I hold you in great respect.

Wisha; a softening down of _mossa_, which see.

With that; thereupon: used all over Ireland. Irish _leis sin_, which is
often used, has the same exact meaning; but still I think _with that_
is of old {352} English origin, though the Irish equivalent may have
contributed to its popularity.

'With that her couverchef from her head she braid
And over his litel eyen she it laid.'

(CHAUCER.)

Word; trace, sign. (Ulster.) 'Did you see e'er a word of a black-avised
(black-visaged) man travelling the road you came?'

Wrap and run: 'I gathered up every penny I could wrap and run,' is
generally used: the idea being to wrap up hastily and run for it.

Yoke; any article, contrivance, or apparatus for use in some work.
'That's a _quare_ yoke Bill,' says a countryman when he first saw a
motor car.

* * * * *

{353}

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PERSONS

Who sent me Collections of Dialectical Words and Phrases in response to
my letter of February, 1892, published in the newspapers.

The names and addresses are given exactly as I received them. The
collections of those marked with an asterisk (*) were very important.

Allen, Mary; Armagh.

Atkinson, M.; The Pavilion, Weedon.

Bardan, Patrick; Coralstown, Killucan, Westmeath.

Bentley, William; Hurdlestown, Broadford, Co. Clare.

Bermingham, T. C.; Whitechurch Nat. School, Cappoquin, Co. Waterford.

Boyd, John; Union Place, Dungannon.

Boyd, John; Dean's Bridge, Armagh.

Brady, P.; Brackney Nat. School, Kilkeel, Down.

Brady, P.; Anne Street, Dundalk.

Breen, E.; Killarney.

Brenan, Rev. Samuel Arthur, Rector; Cushendun, Antrim.

Brett, Miss Elizabeth C.; Crescent, Holywood, Co. Down.

Brophy, Michael; Tullow Street, Carlow.

Brown, Edith; Donaghmore, Tyrone.

Brown, Mrs. John; Seaforde, Clough, Co. Down.

Brownlee, J. A.; Armagh.

Buchanan, Colonel; Edenfel, Omagh.

Burke, W. S.; 187 Clonliffe Road, Dublin.

Bushe, Charles P.; 2 St. Joseph's Terrace, Sandford Road, Dublin.

Burrows, A.; Grass Valley, Nevada Co., California.

Byers, J. W.; Lower Crescent, Belfast.

Byrne, James, J.P.; Wallstown Castle, Castletownroche, Co. Cork.

Caldwell, Mrs.; Dundrum, Dublin.

*Campbell, Albert; Ballynagarde House, Derry.

Campbell, John; Blackwatertown, Armagh.

Cangley, Patrick; Co. Meath. (North.)

Carroll, John; Pallasgrean, Co. Limerick.

Chute, Jeanie L. B.; Castlecoote, Roscommon.

Clements, M. E.; 61 Marlborough Road, Dublin.

Close, Mary A.; Limerick.

*Close, Rev. Maxwell; Dublin.

Coakley, James; Currabaha Nat. School, Kilmacthomas, Waterford.

Coleman, James; Southampton. (Now of Queenstown.)

{354}
Colhoun, James; Donegal.

Connolly, Mrs. Susan; The Glebe, Foynes.

Corrie, Sarah; Monaghan.

Counihan, Jeremiah; Killarney.

Cox, M.; Co. Roscommon.

Crowe, A.; Limerick.

Cullen, William; 131 North King Street, Dublin.

Curry, S.; General Post Office, Dublin.

Daunt, W. J. O'N.; Kilcascan, Ballyneen, Co. Cork.

Davies, W. W.; Glenmore Cottage, Lisburn.

Delmege, Miss F.; N. Teacher, Central Model School, Dublin.

Dennehy, Patrick; Curren's Nat. School, Farranfore, Co. Cork.

Devine, The Rev. Father Pius; Mount Argus, Dublin.

Dobbyn, Leonard; Hollymount, Lee Road, Cork.

Dod, R.; Royal Academical Institution, Belfast; The Lodge, Castlewellan.

Doherty, Denis; Co. Cork.

*Drew, Sir Thomas; Dublin.

Dunne, Miss; Aghavoe House, Ballacolla, Queen's Co.

Egan, F. W.; Albion House, Dundrum, Dublin.

Egan, J.; 34 William Street, Limerick.

Fetherstonhaugh, R. S.; Rock View, Killucan, Westmeath.

FitzGerald, Lord Walter; Kilkea Castle, Co. Kildare.

Fleming, Mrs. Elizabeth; Ventry Parsonage, Dingle, Kerry.

Fleming, John; Rathgormuck Nat. School, Waterford.

Flynn, John; Co. Clare.

Foley, M.; Killorglin, Kerry.

Foster, Elizabeth J.; 7 Percy Place, Dublin.

G. K. O'L. (a lady from Kilkenny, I think).

Garvey, John; Ballina, Co. Mayo.

Gilmour, Thomas; Antrim.

Glasgow, H. L.; 'Midland Ulster Mail,' Cookstown, Co. Tyrone.

Glover, W. W.; Ballinlough Nat. School, Co. Roscommon.

Graham, Lizzie F.; Portadown.

Greene, Dr. G. E. J.; The Well, Ballycarney, Ferns, Co. Wexford.

Hamilton, A.; Desertmartin, Belfast.

Hannon, John; Crossmaglen Nat. School, Armagh.

Harkin, Daniel; Ramelton, Donegal.

*Harrington, Private Thomas; 211 Strand, London, W.C. (For Munster.)

Haugh, John; Co. Clare.

Haughton, Kate M.; Lady's Island Nat. School, Wexford.

*Healy, Maurice, M.P., 37 South Mall, Cork.

Henry, Robert; Coleraine.

*Higgins, The Rev. Michael, C.C.; Queenstown, Cork.

{355}
Hunt, M.; Ballyfarnan, Roscommon.

*Hunter, Robert; 39 Gladstone Street, Clonmel.

Irwin, A. J., B.A.; Glenfern, Ballyarton, Derry.

*Jones, Miss; Knocknamohill, Ovoca, Co. Wicklow.

*Joyce, W. B., B.A.; Limerick.

*Kane, W. Francis de Vismes; Sloperton Lodge, Kingstown, Dublin. (For
Ulster.)

Keegan, T.; Rosegreen Nat. School, Clonmel.

Kelly, Eliza, Co. Mayo.

Kelly, George A. P., M.A.; 6 Upper Pembroke Street, Dublin. (For
Roscommon.)

Kennedy, J. J.; Faha Nat. School, Beaufort, Killarney.

Kenny, The Rev. M. J., P.P.; Scarriff, Co. Clare.

Kenny, Charles W.; Caledon, Co. Tyrone.

Kilmartin, Mary; Tipperary.

Kilpatrick, George; Kilrea, Derry.

*Kinahan, G. H.; Dublin. (Collection gathered from all Ireland.)

Kingham, S. H.; Co. Down.

*Knowles, W. J.; Flixton Place, Ballymena.

Knox, W.; Tedd, Irvinestown.

Lawlor, Patrick; Ballinclogher Nat. School, Lixnaw, Kerry.

Linn, Richard; 259 Hereford St., Christchurch, New Zealand. (For Antrim.)

Lynch, M. J.; Kerry.

*MacCall, Patrick J.; 25 Patrick St., Dublin.

McCandless, T.; Ballinrees Nat. School, Coleraine.

McClelland, F. J.; Armagh.

McCormac, Emily; Cnoc Aluin, Dalkey, Dublin.

MacDonagh, Mr.; Ward Schls., Bangor, Co. Down.

McGloin, Louisa; Foxford, Mayo.

MacSheehy, Brian, LL.D., Head Inspector of Nat. Schools, Dublin.

McKenna, A.; Clones, Co. Monaghan.

McKeown, R.; Co. Tyrone.

McNulty, Robert; Raphoe.

Maguire, John; Co. Cavan.

Maguire, M.; Mullinscross, Louth.

Mason, Thos. A. H.; 29 Marlborough Road, Dublin.

Mason, Thos.; Hollymount, Buxton Hill, Cork.

Montgomery, Maggie; Antrim.

*Moran, Patrick; 14 Strand Road, Derry, Retired Head Constable R. I.
Constabulary, native of Carlow, to which his collection mainly
belongs.

*Morris, Henry; Cashlan East, Carrickmacross, Monaghan.

Murphy, Christopher O'B.; 48 Victoria St., Dublin.

Murphy, Ellie; Co. Cork.

Murphy, J.; Co. Cork.

Murphy, T.; Co. Cork.

Neville, Anne; 48 Greville Road, Bedminster.

{356}
Niven, Richard; Lambeg, Lisburn.

Norris, A.; Kerry.

O'Brien, Michael; Munlough Nat. School, Cavan.

O'Connor, James; Ballyglass House, Sligo.

O'Donnell, Patrick; Mayo.

*O'Donohoe, Timothy; Carrignavar, Cork. ('Tadg O'Donnchadha.')

O'Farrell, Fergus; Redington, Queenstown.

O'Farrell, W. (a lady). Same place.

O'Flanagan, J. R.; Grange House, Fermoy, Cork.

O'Hagan, Philip; Buncrana, Donegal.

O'Hara, Isa; Tyrone.

O'Leary, Nelius; Nat. School, Kilmallock, Limerick.

O'Reilly, P.; Nat. School, Granard.

O'Sullivan, D. J.; Shelburne Nat. School, Kenmare.

O'Sullivan, Janie; Kerry.

Reen, Denis T.; Kingwilliamstown, Cork.

Reid, George R.; 23 Cromwell Road, Belfast.

Reid, Samuel W.; Armagh.

*Reilly, Patrick; Cemetery Lodge, Naas, Co. Kildare.

Rice, Michael; Castlewellan, Co. Down.

Riley, Lizzie; Derry.

*Russell, T. O'Neill; Dublin. (For central counties.)

Ryan, Ellie; Limerick.

Scott, J.; Milford Nat. School, Donegal.

*Scott, S.; Derry.

*Simmons, D. A.; Nat. School, Armagh.

Simpson, Thomas; Derry.

Skirving, R. Scot; 29 Drummond Place, Edinburgh.

Smith, Owen; Nobber, Co. Meath.

*Stafford, Wm.; Baldwinstown, Bridgetown, Wexford.

Stanhope, Mr.; Paris.

Supple, D. J.; Royal Irish Constabulary, Robertstown, Kildare. (For
Kerry.)

Thompson, L.; Ballyculter, Co. Down.

Tighe, T. F.; Ulster Bank, Ballyjamesduff, Co. Cavan.

Tobin, J. E.; 8 Muckross Parade, N. C. Road, Dublin.

Tuite, Rev. P., P.P.; Parochial House, Tullamore.

Walshe, Charlotte; Waterford.

Ward, Emily G.; Castleward, Downpatrick.

White, Eva; Limerick.

White, Rev. H. V.; All SS. Rectory, Waterford.

White, John Davis; Cashel, Co. Tipperary. (Newspaper Editor.)

Weir, Rev. George; Creeslough, Donegal.

Weir, J.; Ballymena.

Wood-Martin, Col., A.D.C.; Cleveragh, Sligo.

*Woollett, Mr. Marlow; Dublin.

* * * * *

WORKS

BY

P. W. JOYCE, M.A., LL.D., T.C.D.; M.R.I.A.

ONE OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR THE PUBLICATION OF THE ANCIENT LAWS OF IRELAND; LATE PRESIDENT OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES, IRELAND LATE PRINCIPAL, MARLBOROUGH STREET (GOVERNMENT) TRAINING COLLEGE, DUBLIN.

_Two Splendid Volumes, richly gilt, both cover and top. With 361 Illustrations. Price L1 1s. net._

A SOCIAL HISTORY OF ANCIENT IRELAND,

_Treating of the Government, Military System, and Law; Religion, Learning, and Art; Trades, Industries, and Commerce; Manners, Customs, and Domestic Life of the Ancient Irish People._

A Complete Survey of the Social Life and Institutions of Ancient Ireland. All the important Statements are proved home by references to authorities and by quotations from ancient documents.