Chapter IX: LATER PERPENDICULAR AND TUDOR WORK.—As we have seen, the great (2)

Early in the thirteenth century, _c._ 1220, the central tower collapsed, as at Winchester, Ely, Lincoln, etc. It fell towards the east, and seems to have broken down the arches of the presbytery. The Transitional piers were retained, more or less altered; but new pointed arches were built, and lancet windows were inserted in the new clerestory and east wall. In the aisles may be seen the low shafts of a Norman vault, and the corbels of a higher Lancet vault; it is uncertain whether either was ever executed. To this period belongs the very remarkable shrine of St. David: a very plain structure, designed for use—for very strange uses. Down below in each side are three openings, allowing three sick people at a time to lie beneath. (Perhaps they lay there all night, waiting for the Saint to come and touch them, as was the case in some shrines of Pagan Greece.) On the side next to the aisle are two large and shallow upright openings, and three small circular openings—the latter, perhaps, as in St. Alban’s shrine, to allow the patient to insert a diseased arm. A parallel to the lower openings may be found in the remains of the shrine now inserted under the effigy of Lord Stourton at Salisbury. When the restoration of the choir was completed (_c._ 1248), the next task seems to have been to build a processional aisle. The eastern walk of this was built fifteen feet east of the eastern wall of the cathedral, thus leaving a little open courtyard between the back of the east wall and the east walk of the new processional aisle. In the east wall there was a lower range of three tall lancets, which gave much light to the high altar beneath them. The authorities may then have left the little open courtyard to preserve the light of these three windows. But at Winchester and elsewhere the lower lights were sacrificed without demur; and the space between the east wall of the presbytery and the processional aisle, instead of being wasted, was utilised as a saint’s chapel or feretory, where—in the most honoured position in the church, close to the high altar—the shrine of the patron saint of the church was placed: shrines of St. Swithun and St. Birinus at Winchester, that of St. Werburgh at Chester, of St. Ethelreda at Ely, of St. Wulfstan at Worcester, of St. Cuthbert at Durham, of St. Chad at Lichfield. Now the shrine of St. David is artistically rude and uncouth, and occupies a by no means specially honourable position. May one conjecture that the original intention was to open arches in the east wall of the presbytery, and to build a new shrine for St. David, placing it above and behind the high altar, where it would be conspicuous to the very farthest end of the nave,—and that Welsh conservatism refused either to have a new shrine or to change the position of the old one? Before commencing the south walk of the processional aisle, the Lady chapel was erected (1290-1328). Its buttresses are late Gothic.

Then came the great building-prelate of St. David’s, Bishop Gower (1328-1347). (1) He completed the processional aisle, building the whole of the south walk and completing the north walk. (2) Like Abbot Thokey, at Gloucester, he transformed the Norman south aisle of the nave into the style of his day (Curvilinear), and built a south porch. (3) East of the north transept he built a three-storied building, the lower part as a chapel to St. Thomas of Canterbury, the upper part as a chapter-house. (4) He raised the tower one stage above the roofs. (5) He raised the walls of the aisles, and inserted Curvilinear windows. (6) He separated the presbytery from the choir, which as at Gloucester is beneath the central tower, by a parclose screen—a very rare feature. (7) He built the wood throne of the bishop; it seems, however, to have been reconstructed in the fifteenth century. (8) He built for himself the magnificent palace, and another at Lamphey, besides Swansea castle and church. (9) His most beautiful work is the magnificent choir-screen, one of the grandest examples of mediæval art. It consists of three compartments of stone, surmounted by a coved cornice of wood. The southern compartment has two pointed arches, with compound cusping and rich crockets; and within, the tomb and effigy of the bishop. The central compartment is occupied by the doorway and vaulted vestibule leading from the nave to the choir; on either side of the vestibule are effigies of priests. The northern compartment seems to consist of thirteenth century arcading, which has been worked up to serve as a reredos to an altar.

To the Perpendicular period belong the stalls, which have good misereres (1460-1480); the elaborate wooden roof of the nave (1472-1509) and that of the presbytery, which is a little earlier.

Early in the Tudor period Bishop Vaughan (1509) added another story to the tower, and built himself a chapel in the empty space between the east wall of the presbytery and the east walk of the processional aisle, vaulting it with fan-tracery.

Externally, the cathedral is simple and plain, in harmony with its bleak and wild surroundings. Internally, like Canterbury and Winchester, it gains dignity from the greater height of the choir. The whole floor of the nave slopes upwards from west to east, and the choir is elevated eight steps above the level of the nave.

GLOSSARY.

_Abacus_ The flat slab on the top of a capital.

_Ambulatory_ The processional aisle at the back of the
high altar.

_Apse_ The eastern termination—semicircular
or polygonal—of a choir or its aisles,
or of a transept.

_Arcade_ A series of arches.

_Pier-arcade_ The piers and arches separating the side-aisles
from the central aisle or nave.

_Battlement_ A notched or indented parapet.

_Bay_ The space between two piers from the floor to
the roof.

_Bosses_ The ornamented keystones of a vault.

_Buttress_ A projecting support to a wall.

_Cathedral_ Any church, large or small, which contains the
seat (_cathedra_) of a bishop.

_Chantry-chapels_ Private chapels; in which were chanted masses for
the repose of the soul of the founder of the
chapel.

_Chevet_ The ring of chapels round the east end of a choir
or its aisles: _e.g._ Westminster.

_Choir_ (1) That part of the church where the clergy or
monks sat. (2) The whole eastern limb of the
church.

_Clerestory_ The upper story of a church. Also the row of
windows in the upper story.

_Corbel_ A bracket of stone or wood.

_Corbel-table_ A row of corbels supporting a parapet or a
projecting roof.

_Crockets_ Tufts of leaves arranged in bands.

_Crossing_ The space where nave and transepts intersect.
Above it is often a central tower.

_Crypt_ The underground portion of a church.

_Cusps_ Spikes in the tracery of a window.

_Dripstone_ A projection running round the head of a window
to throw off the rain.

_Eaves_ That part of a roof which overhangs the wall.

_Elevation_ (1) A geometrical drawing (_i.e._ not in
perspective) of a vertical portion of a
building. (2) The portion so drawn.

_Façade_ The principal external elevation of a building.

_Feretory_ (1) A portable shrine. (2) That part of the
church which contained the pedestal of the
shrine: _e.g._ Winchester; also called Saint’s
Chapel.

_Fillet_ A narrow projecting stone band, like a piece of
tape; square in section.

_Flying buttresses_ Tilted arches rising from the buttresses of the
aisles to the clerestory wall to resist the
thrusts of the high vault.

_Gargoyle_ A projecting water-spout.

_Groined vault_ A vault which, instead of ribs, has sharp edges
or arrises.

_Hood-moulding_ An ornamental dripstone employed in interiors;
especially over pier-arches.

_Jambs_ The sides of a window or doorway.

_Label_ A dripstone over the exterior of a doorway.

_Lancets_ Sharp, pointed windows; in the shape of a
surgeon’s lancet.

_Lierne-vault_ Any vault which contains liernes: _i.e._, tie-ribs
on the surface, which do not spring from an
abacus, nor rise to the central boss.

_Miserere_ A carved bracket beneath the movable seat of a
stall.

_Moulding_ Any architectural member is said to be moulded when
its edge or surface presents continuous lines
of alternate projections and recesses.

_Mullions_ Vertical bars in a window.

_Nave_ The western limb of a church, (1) including or (2)
excluding its aisles.

_Ogee arch_ An arch, each side of which has a double curve;
the upper part concave, the lower part convex.

_Order_ A compound arch is one which is built up of two or
more Orders, or sub-arches, usually recessed.

_Parapet_ A low wall, not embattled, but with a horizontal
upper surface, at the foot of a roof.

_Piers_ The supports of arches; sometimes cylindrical,
sometimes polygonal; sometimes clusters of
columns; sometimes masses of masonry
ornamented with shafts.

_Pilaster_ A flattened column.

_Pinnacles_ Small spires employed to weight buttresses, etc.

_Plinth_ The pedestal of the base of a pier or shaft or wall.

_Piscina_ A water-drain, appertaining to the high altar.
(1) A niche. (2) A shaft. (3) An opening in
the pavement.

_Presbytery_ (1) The sanctuary only. (2) The whole of the space
between the ritual choir and the east end: _e.g._,
York and Lincoln and Ely—_i.e._, sanctuary plus
retro-choir.

_Quadripartite One in which each compartment is divided into four
vault_ cells by diagonal ribs.

_Quatrefoil_ An ornament with four lobes.

_Refectory_ The dining-hall or frater of a monastery.

_Reredos_ The screen at the back of a high altar: _e.g._,
Winchester.

_Ribs_ The arcs which intersect to support the filling-in
of a vault.

_Romanesque_ The style of Northern architecture intermediate
between that of the Early Christian Basilican
churches and that of the Gothic cathedrals.
Anglo-Norman or Norman is one of its
geographical subdivisions.

_Roll_ A rounded projecting moulding.

_Rood_ The crucifix.

_Rood-loft_ A beam, carrying the rood, placed above the
rood-screen. The place of the rood-screen
was at the west end of the ritual choir.

_Sanctuary_ The space between the ritual choir and the high
altar.

_Sedilia_ Seats for the priest and his assistants on the
south side of the sanctuary.

_Sexpartite vault_ One in which each compartment is divided into six
cells by four diagonal and two intermediate ribs.

_Shaft_ A slender column. VAULTING-SHAFTS supported a vault
or ceiling.

_Spandrils_ The triangular spaces on either side of an arch.

_Splay_ A window-jamb which slants outwardly or inwardly
from the glass.

_Springers_ The lower stones of the ribs of a vault.

_Stilted arch_ An arch elevated above the abacus by vertical
masonry.

_String-course A projecting moulding, usually horizontal, running
or String_ along a wall.

_Thrust_ The pressure exerted laterally and downward by an
arch or vault.

_Tracery_ The straight or curved bars of stone which separate
the lights in the arched part of a window.

_Transept_ A cross-arm of a church.

_Transoms_ Horizontal cross-bars of stone in a window.

_Trefoil_ An ornament with three lobes.

_Triforium_ (1) The space between the vault and the lean-to
roof of an aisle. (2) The arcade in front of it.
The triforium-space often forms a BLIND STORY.

_Tympanum_ (1) The space between the lintel and arch of a
doorway. (2) The space enclosed by the triangular
outline of a gable.

_Vault_ An inner roof of stone.

_Voussoir_ Each stone in an arch or rib is a voussoir. The
principal voussoir is the keystone, which may be
enlarged so as to form a boss, or still further
enlarged so as to form a pendant.

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“A short introduction sets out the plan followed in describing the churches. This plan is quite the most valuable feature of the book, the several structures being examined as architectural organisms which were slowly built up during centuries of developing ritual and strenuous constructive effort. We are first given the principal historic facts as to foundation and early history, and are then taken to the vestiges of the earliest church of which any part survives. The constructive evolution is then briefly followed through the centuries—in some cases, one thousand years and more—during which each great church was developed into its state of greatest glory and passed into the era of decline, mutilation, and—worst of all—modern restoration.”—W. R. LETHABY (_University Extension Journal_).

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Ringerike—Telemarken—Sætersdalen. With numerous Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth extra, 10s. 6d.

“Full of information as to the less frequented parts of Southern Norway.... Well printed and capitally illustrated.”—_Pall Mall Gazette._

* * * * *

By MAXWELL GRAY.

The Silence of Dean Maitland.

A Novel. 6d.

* * * * *

By Mrs. GOODWIN GREEN.

Raiders and Rebels in South Africa.

With 14 Full-page Illustrations by the Author. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 5s.

* * * * *

By Major ARTHUR GRIFFITHS.

Wellington and Waterloo.

With an Introduction by Field-Marshal Viscount WOLSELEY. Profusely Illustrated. Demy 4to, cloth extra, 10s. 6d.

“Pen and camera have worked well together in this handsome quarto volume.”—_Daily News._

* * * * *

By H. RIDER HAGGARD.

Jess: A Story of the Transvaal War of 1880-1.

6d.

She: A History of Adventure.

6d.

* * * * *

By BEATRICE HARRADEN.

Ships that Pass in the Night.

6d.

* * * * *

By HENRY HERMANN.

Hearts of Gold and Hearts of Steel.

Cloth, 3s. 6d.

* * * * *

By SYDNEY J. HICKSON, D.Sc., F.R.S., Professor of Zoology In the Owens College, Manchester.

The Story of Life in the Seas.

42 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“Such books as these lay the reader under a deep obligation to writers of Dr. Hickson’s eminence in the scientific world.”—_Spectator._

* * * * *

By G. LACY HILLIER.

Wrinkles for Cyclists.

Small crown 8vo, 1s.

* * * * *

Edited by EDWIN HODDER.

The Life of a Century, 1800-1900.

With numerous Illustrations.

[_Now in course of publication._

* * * * *

The Home Magazine.

Vols. 2 and 3, cloth, 5s. each.

[_Vol. 1 is out of print._

* * * * *

By Mrs. HORSFALL.

Pretty Homes.

With 60 Illustrations. 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.

* * * * *

By N. L. JACKSON.

Association Football.

With 20 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth, 6s.

* * * * *

By JOSEPH JACOBS.

The Story of Geographical Discovery.

With 24 Maps, &c. Cloth, 1s.

“A very readable little book.... The author has collected his material with discrimination, and has evidently devoted much time and care to the preparation of this inspiring little volume. The recent marked development of imperial instincts should insure the book the popularity it merits.”—_Nature._

* * * * *

By Mrs. JAMESON.

Shakspeare’s Heroines: Characteristics of Women—Moral, Poetical, and Historical.

Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2s. 6d.

“The most charming of all the works of a charming writer.”—_Blackwood’s Magazine._

* * * * *

By JOHN KEBLE.

The Christian Year.

Thoughts in Verse for the Sundays and Holy Days throughout the Year. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2s. 6d.

* * * * *

By A. W. KINGLAKE.

Eothen.

With 40 Illustrations by H. R. MILLAR. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2s. 6d.

* * * * *

By RUDYARD KIPLING.

Departmental Ditties, and Other Verses.

Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 6s.; also a cheap edition, 6d.

* * * * *

By JOHN K. LEYS.

At the Sign of the Golden Horn.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.

* * * * *

By FRANCES H. LOW.

Queen Victoria’s Dolls.

With 40 Full-page Coloured Illustrations and numerous Sketches and Initial Letters by ALAN WRIGHT. Cheap Edition, crown 4to, 5s.

“No one who has not perused this entertaining record can in reality appreciate the diligent, alert child-life of Britain’s truest gentlewoman. The full-page coloured illustration, showing the dolls in their gorgeous costumes and wooden attitudes, are almost as naïve as they are excellent.”—_The Gentlewoman._

* * * * *

By CHARLES J. MANSFORD.

Shafts from an Eastern Quiver.

With 25 Illustrations by ALFRED PEARSE. Cloth, 3s. 6d.

“Mr. Mansford has the gift of a story-teller, and he uniformly writes like a scholar.... The illustrations, though small, are admirably executed, and enhance the piquancy—though that was hardly needed—of the letterpress.”—_Spectator._”

* * * * *

By Captain MARRYAT.

Mr. Midshipman Easy.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 1s. 6d.

* * * * *

By E. A. MARTIN.

The Story of a Piece of Coal.

With 38 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“Explains in simple and delightful fashion what coal is, whence it comes, and whither it goes, and in the concluding chapters shows how intimately it is connected with the interests of the botanist, the geologist, the physicist, the chemist, and the merchant.”—_Bradford Observer._

* * * * *

By L. T. MEADE & CLIFFORD HALIFAX, M.D.

Stories from the Diary of a Doctor.

With 24 Illustrations by A. PEARSE. Cloth extra, 6s.

“Cleverly-planned and brightly-told stories.”—_Bradford Observer._

“They are well told and salient in every feature.”—_Leeds Mercury._

* * * * *

By GEORGE MEREDITH.

The Ordeal of Richard Feverel.

6d.

* * * * *

Edited by HUGH ROBERT MILL, D.Sc., F.R.S.E.

The International Geography.

By Seventy Authors. With 488 Illustrations. Demy 8vo, cloth, 15s.

“Interest is maintained throughout the text-book before us, and the work may be taken as the only adequate exposition in English of the principles of the new Geography and their application to the facts which are embraced in the subject. Until a better enters the field this ‘International Geography’ must remain the standard text-book of the subject in our language.”—_Times._

* * * * *

By MIRANDA.

Aids to Health and Beauty.

A Complete Toilet Guide. Second Edition. Long 8vo, 1s.

* * * * *

By the Rev. EDWARD MONRO.

The Combatants.

An Allegory. With Frontispiece. 16mo, cloth, 8d.

* * * * *

By H. S. MORRISON.

A Yankee Boy’s Success.

Being an Account of how an American Lad worked his way through Europe. With Seven Illustrations, and an Introduction by CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. 6d.

* * * * *

By J. E. MUDDOCK.

For God and the Czar.

A Story of Jewish Persecutions in Russia. Cloth, 3s. 6d.

Only a Woman’s Heart.

The Story of a Woman’s Love: A Woman’s Sorrow. Cloth, 3s. 6d.

“Has an air of heartiness about it, and its plot is well worked out.”—_Academy._

* * * * *

By M. M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.

The Story of the Chemical Elements.

Cloth, 1s.

“One of the most perfect popular introductions to science extant.”—_British Medical Journal._

The Story of the Wanderings of Atoms.

Organic Chemistry. Cloth, 1s.

* * * * *

By Miss MULOCK.

John Halifax, Gentleman.

Crown 8vo, cloth, 1s. 6d.

* * * * *

By J. MUNRO.

The Story of Electricity.

With 100 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“Just the kind of book to give the general reader more correct views of the subject than many a pretentious tome.”—_The Electrical Engineer._

The Story of the British Race.

With 4 Maps. Cloth, 1s.

“The first attempt to bring the important results and views of anthropologists before the general public in familiar language, and to a certain extent it is a correction of the traditions.... If the author seems to put the claims of anthropology too high, he has written a book that ought to stimulate inquiry and will guide the uninitiated to the lines on which anthropological research is being pursued.”—_Aberdeen Free Press._

* * * * *

By Dr. NANSEN and Lieut. JOHANSEN.

Farthest North.

Being the Record of a Voyage of Exploration of the ship _Fram_, 1893-96, and of a Fifteen Months’ Sledge Journey. Popular edition. In 2 vols., royal 8vo. With about 120 full-page and 90 text Illustrations. Coloured Plate and Map, cloth extra, 17s.

“The narrative of one of the most remarkable and adventurous voyages of discovery that have been made.”—_Scotsman._

“A masterpiece of story-telling.”—_Times._

* * * * *

The Navy and Army Illustrated.

Vols. 2 to 5, bound in cloth extra, gilt leaves, 12s. each.

Vols. 6, 7 and 8, 18s. each.

[_Vols. 1, 4 and 6 are out of print._

* * * * *

By EDWIN A. PRATT.

Pioneer Women in Victoria’s Reign.

Being Short Histories of Great Movements. Crown 8vo, cloth, 5s.; paper covers, 1s.

“His chapters on Women’s Work in Emigration and in Medicine are admirable.”—_Pall Mall Gazette._

A Woman’s Work for Women.

Being an Account of the Philanthropic Work of Miss L. M. Hubbard. Small crown 8vo, cloth, 2s. 6d.

* * * * *

By E. D. PRICE, F.G.S.

The British Empire Dictionary of the English Language.

To which are added selected lists of proper names, with phonetic pronunciation, and abbreviations in common use with their meanings. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 3s. 6d.

The Story of Religions.

Cloth, 1s.

“The author’s brief summaries of the different creeds are excellent. We have tried to find any sect not mentioned in the book, and have failed. This is the highest tribute we can pay to its completeness.”—_Irish Church Times._

* * * * *

By G. B. RAWLINGS.

The Story of British Coinage.

With 108 Illustrations from Coins in the British Museum. Cloth, 1s.

“An excellent little handbook of a subject which should have an attraction for many Englishmen, even though they are not very ardent students of numismatics in general.”—_Times._

* * * * *

By JAMES RODWAY, F.L.S.

The Story of Forest and Stream.

With 27 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“Contains a short description of a tropical forest, together with some elementary lessons which can be learned by studying the incessant struggle for existence of its varied flora.”—_Academy._

* * * * *

By LOUIS DE ROUGEMONT.

Adventures of Louis de Rougemont, as told by Himself.

With 46 Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 6s.

* * * * *

Round the Coast.

An Album of 284 Pictures from Recent Photographs of the Watering Places and Resorts in the United Kingdom, with descriptive text. Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

“We know nothing at anything like the price that can be compared with these for giving to the sedentary traveller veracious glimpses of what the world or his own seashores contains that is interesting and picturesque.”—_Times._

Round London.

An Album of 284 Pictures from Photographs of the Chief Places of Interest in and around London, with descriptive text. Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt, 10s. 6d.

“The illustrations are taken from photographs, of the most notable and characteristic of the metropolitan sights. Few quarters of London or aspects of London life are neglected; its business and its pleasures, its architecture and its street traffic receive illustration in all their phases. The photographs have been admirably reproduced.”—_Scotsman._

Round the World, from London Bridge to Charing Cross, via Yokohama and Chicago.

An Album of 284 Pictures from Photographs of the Chief Places of Interest in all Parts of the World, with descriptive text. Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

“We are taken through all the principal cities and picturesque and historic places from Calais to Brindisi, we mentally travel up the Nile, we go through all the great commercial and historic scenes in India, Malaysia, China, and Japan before crossing to the American Continent; we are given views of the forests, rivers, and mountains of the New World, the cities that are dotted over its bosom, and all the sights from the Falls of Niagara down to the silver mountain of Potosi and the streets of Buenos Ayres.”—_The Stock Exchange._

* * * * *

By H. G. SEELEY, F.R.S.

The Story of the Earth in Past Ages.

With 40 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“A simple and popular summing up of the results that have been reached by geological science.”—_Scotsman_.

“Told plainly and pleasantly for a popular audience.”—_Bookman._

* * * * *

By GEORGE R. SIMS.

Memoirs of a Mother-in-Law.

Cloth, 2s. 6d.

“This is a pleasant sample of ‘Dagonet’s’ semi-humorous writings. He has a peculiar talent of finding amusement in experiences relating to dwellings, servants, shopkeepers, tradespeople, and other folk connected with the domestic household, and the ‘Mother-in-Law’ in his new book deals in a very masterful way with all the foregoing subjects, and many more besides.”—_Freeman’s Journal._

* * * * *

The Stratford-on-Avon Shakespeare.

The Works of William Shakespeare.

With Glossarial Side-notes. Complete in 12 vols., cloth extra, with cut edges, 12s., or limp lambskin, 18s. net.

“We can unhesitatingly say that the Newnes edition is quite the most handy and readable edition which we have as yet seen—and the number of editions with which we are acquainted is legion. A wise discretion has been exercised as to the size of the volume, which is not too small—as is the case with many existing ‘pocket’ editions—whilst the semi-antique ‘laid’ paper, and the absolutely perfect typography, reflect great credit both on the firm which initiated the work and on the printers who produced it. It is not encumbered with notes, but all needful glossarial explanations are ingeniously embedded in small type in the text.”—_Broad Arrow._

* * * * *

By JOHN SKEAPING.

Light, Shade, and Shadow.

With Model Drawing. With 155 Illustrations. Cloth, 3s. 6d.

It is the object of this book to give students an immediate acquaintance with the principles of Light, Shade, and Shadow, by explanation, analysis, and illustration. By this process of analysis and demonstration the knowledge gained is confirmed and enlarged, and permanently established, so that the student may, in any branch of the art, apply the principles with equal success, from the least even to the greatest.

* * * * *

By Sir H. M. STANLEY.

Through the Dark Continent.

With a New Introduction by the Author, and all the Original Illustrations and a Map. In 2 vols. Super royal 8vo, cloth, gilt edges, 15s.

* * * * *

By HERBERT GREENHOUGH SMITH.

The Romance of History.

292 pp., crown 8vo, cloth, 3s. 6d.

“Pre-eminently interesting, bright, clear and attractive.”—_Daily Chronicle._

* * * * *

By A. T. STORY.

The Story of Photography.

With Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“Mr. Story does not profess to give instructions in the art: but his history of its progress, his description of the various forms of apparatus and the various processes, and his statements of the relation between photography and the finer arts cannot but impart an intelligent interest in this versatile handmaiden of science.”—_Scotsman._

* * * * *

The Strand Magazine.

An Illustrated Magazine. Vols. 14 to 18, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 6s. 6d. each. [Vols. 1 to 13 are out of print.]

* * * * *

By CARLTON STRANGE.

The Beechcourt Mystery.

Cloth, 3s. 6d.

“A novel and well-constructed plot.”—_Liverpool Courier._

* * * * *

Edited by A. G. TEMPLE, F.S.A.

England’s History, as Pictured by Famous Painters.

An Album of 256 Historical Pictures, with descriptive text. Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

“Notable scenes in our history as realised by artists of good standing.”—_Birmingham Daily Post._

* * * * *

By W. M. THACKERAY.

Christmas Books.

Mrs. Perkins’s Ball, Our Street, Dr. Birch and his Young Friends, Rebecca and Rowena, The Kickleburys on the Rhine, The Rose and the Ring. In 1 vol. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 2s.. 6d.

“Another welcome reprint.”—_Morning Post._

* * * * *

The Thames Illustrated: A Picturesque Journeying from Richmond to Oxford.

164 Large and 170 Small Photographic Plates, with descriptive text, 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

“ ... A marvel at the price. The illustrations are very numerous and exceedingly beautiful, every picturesque nook and cranny having been sought out, and no such charming souvenir of the Thames or incitement to enjoy its beauties is in existence.”—_Army and Navy Gazette._

* * * * *

By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD.

Robert Elsmere.

6d.

The History of David Grieve.

6d.

* * * * *

Wide World Magazine.

Vols. 1, 2 and 3, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 6s. 6d. each.

* * * * *

By MARY SPENCER-WARREN.

The Princess of Wales: A Biographical Sketch.

With Portraits of the Princess at various periods, and Illustrations from Photographs taken in Denmark, and at Sandringham, Marlborough House, &c. With 53 Portraits and Illustrations. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 5s.

“An excellent biography ... narrated with admirable simplicity and lucidity.”—_Westminster Review._

* * * * *

By H. W. WEGUELIN, F.R.H.S.

Carnations and Picotees for Garden and Exhibition.

With a Chapter concerning Pinks. Crown 8vo.

* * * * *

By F. WILKINSON, F.G.S.

The Story of the Cotton Plant.

With 38 Illustrations. Cloth, 1s.

“All that is known of the origin of the cotton plant, of its cultivation and plantation life, of the pests that infest it, and the countries where it is reared.... The survey is wide and complete, and the story evolved therefrom is throughout most interesting.”—_North British Advertiser._

THE LIBRARY OF USEFUL STORIES.

PRICE ONE SHILLING EACH.

=The Story of Life’s Mechanism.= By H. W. CONN. With 50 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Wanderings of Atoms.= By M. M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.

=The Story of Ice in the Present and Past.= By W. A. BREND. With 37 Illustrations.

=The Story of Eclipses.= By G. F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S. With 19 Illustrations.

=The Story of the British Race.= By JOHN MUNRO. With 4 Maps.

=The Story of the Mind.= By Prof. J. M. BALDWIN.

=The Story of Geographical Discovery: How the World Became Known.= By JOSEPH JACOBS. With 24 Maps, &c.

=The Story of the Cotton Plant.= By F. WILKINSON, F.G.S. With 38 Illustrations.

=The Story of Religions.= By the Rev. E. D. PRICE, F.G.S.

=The Story of Photography.= By A. T. STORY. With 38 Illustrations.

=The Story of Life in the Seas.= By SYDNEY J. HICKSON, F.R.S. With 42 Illustrations.

=The Story of the British Coinage.= By G. B. RAWLINGS. With 108 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Potter.= By C. F. BINNS. With 57 Illustrations of Ancient and Modern Pottery.

=The Story of Germ Life: Bacteria.= By H. W. CONN. With 34 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Earth’s Atmosphere.= By DOUGLAS ARCHIBALD. With 44 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Weather.= By G. F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S. With 50 Illustrations.

=The Story of Forest and Stream.= By JAMES RODWAY, F.L.S. With 27 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Chemical Elements.= By M. M. PATTISON MUIR, M.A.

=The Story of Extinct Civilizations of the East.= By R. E. ANDERSON, M.A. With Maps.

=The Story of Electricity.= By J. MUNRO. With 100 Illustrations.

=The Story of a Piece of Coal.= By E. A. MARTIN, F.G.S. With 38 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Solar System.= By G. F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S. With 28 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Earth in Past Ages.= By H. G. SEELEY, F.R.S. With 40 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Plants.= By GRANT ALLEN. With 49 Illustrations.

=The Story of Primitive Man.= By EDWARD CLODD. With 88 Illustrations.

=The Story of the Stars.= By G. F. CHAMBERS, F.R.A.S. With 24 Illustrations.

⁂ _Other Volumes in the Press._

THE SIXPENNY SERIES OF COPYRIGHT BOOKS.

By RUDYARD KIPLING.

=Departmental Ditties=, and other Verses.

BY H. RIDER HAGGARD.

=She.= A History of Adventure.

=Jess.= A Story of the Transvaal.

By Mrs. HUMPHRY WARD.

Robert Elsmere.

The History of David Grieve.

By A. CONAN DOYLE.

Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.

Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes.

The Sign of Four.

The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard.

By BEATRICE HARRADEN.

Ships that Pass in the Night.

By MAXWELL GRAY.

The Silence of Dean Maitland.

By GEORGE MEREDITH.

The Ordeal of Richard Feverel.

With an Introduction by CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW.

=A Yankee Boy’s Success.= Being an Account of how an American
Lad worked his way through Europe. By H. S. MORRISON. With
Seven Illustrations.

By the Late W. E. GLADSTONE.

=The Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture.= A Series of Old
Testament Studies.

ADOPTED BY THE SCHOOL BOARD FOR LONDON

=Tit-Bits Copy Books.= In Fifteen Books, containing 24 pages. Price 2d. each.

A New Series of Copy Books designed to produce a clear,
bold, and rapid writing. There are no flourishes or fanciful
peculiarities. The style is simple, uniform, and entirely
without exaggerations. The slope is 15° from the vertical.
There are at least two headlines on every page, so that the
risk of the scholar copying his own writings is reduced to a
minimum.

Great care has been taken in the preparation and arrangement
of the headlines. In the earlier books the elements and
combinations of letters have been carefully graded. In
the higher books the headlines are “Tit-Bits” from the
Code Subjects: Interesting Facts; Memorable Dates; Useful
Information. The interest in what is being copied will thus
be kept alive, and the style of writing will consequently be
improved.

=The Golden Rule Readers: Manners and Morals.=

Illustrating and enforcing by means of Proverbs, Maxims,
Stories, Examples and Poems, the necessity for habits of
punctuality, of good manners and language, the importance of
cheerful obedience to duty, of consideration and respect for
others, and of honour and truthfulness in word and act, the
relation of conduct, thrift, temperance, &c., to success in
life.

In Two Books for Standards III. to VI. Book I., 1s. 3d. Book
II., 1s. 6d.

=Flashlights on Nature.= By GRANT ALLEN. With 150 Illustrations by FREDERICK ENOCK. Crown 8vo, cloth extra, 6s.

=England’s History, as Pictured by Famous Painters.= Edited by A. G. TEMPLE, F.S.A. Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

=Round the World, from London Bridge to Charing Cross, via Yokohama and Chicago.= Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

=Round the Coast.= Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

=Round London.= Oblong 4to, cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

=All About Animals.= 260 Illustrations from Photographs by GAMBIER BOLTON, F.Z.S., and others, with explanatory letterpress. Cloth extra, gilt leaves, 10s. 6d.

THE STRAND MAGAZINE.

Announcements for 1900.

TWO GREAT HUMORISTS!

If you want to LAUGH as well as to be interested and instructed read the STRAND MAGAZINE during 1900.

_Several important arrangements have been made for the coming year, especially in the Department of Fiction._

=MR. W. W. JACOBS=, whose “Master of Craft” has provided so much genuine amusement, will follow up his serial with a series of short stories written in his most entertaining style. We are happy to be able to state that we have acquired the entire serial rights in all the fiction which Mr. Jacobs may produce during the next three years.

=MR. F. ANSTEY=, the well-known author of “Vice-Versâ,” &c., will commence in the January Number a Serial entitled “A Brass Bottle”—a story of the most delightful and fantastic humour.

=MR. H. G. WELLS= has written one of his most characteristic serial stories under the title of “The First Men in the Moon.” The wonderful machine which carried the voyagers to the moon, together with description of the planet and its inhabitants, form one of the most absorbing stories which its ingenious writer has produced.

=DR. CONAN DOYLE= will also appear as a humorist. He has written for the January Number a “Last Adventure of Brigadier Gerard,” in which the Brigadier appears, in a vastly entertaining manner, in the character of a fox-hunter.

Numerous Articles of the greatest interest have been specially arranged for.

A Field to Itself.

No Fiction but True Personal Narratives.

Photos of the Characters.

Unique Articles.

Strange Phases of Life

In all parts of the World.

Astounding Photographs.

Thrilling Adventures.

Has Friends in Every Clime.

You must see a Copy.

Government Officials, Missionaries and Traders, Naval and
Military Officers, Travellers on Business and Pleasure, All
Contribute.

Narratives and Photos.

Many Magazines But Only One WIDE WORLD.

Published on the 22nd of each month.

6d. Price Sixpence. 6d.

The peculiar and absolutely distinctive character of “=The Wide World Magazine=” is well known to hundreds of thousands on both sides of the Atlantic.

No monthly magazine ever bounded into widespread popularity—and _such_ popularity!—in anything approaching the time. This is the best test of excellence in these discriminating and fastidious days.

You are requested to examine a copy and then compare “=The Wide World=” with all other magazines published in point of SHEER HUMAN INTEREST.

“=The Wide World=” shows you that “Truth is Stranger than Fiction.”

You don’t read Magazines?

Then you are certain to like “=The Wide World=.”

The Only Magazine of its kind in the world. More fascinating than a novel.

More informing than a Text-book.

Remember the 22nd of the Month.

6d. THE WIDE WORLD MAGAZINE. 6d.

“THE KING.”

In news photographs, =THE KING= will be found ahead of its contemporaries. Nothing of importance will happen during the week which will not be fully and strikingly illustrated in its pages—often many days in advance of other sixpenny weeklies. In war, its photographers and correspondents will always be found at the front, and no expense will be spared by =THE KING= to provide its readers with the earliest obtainable photographs of the actual fighting—not fancy drawings, but real photographs.

Not a man or a woman will spring into note who will not be pictured and written about in =THE KING=. It will be live, interesting matter, full of anecdote, crisp and newsy, specially prepared by gossipy and able writers. The pages of personal gossip in =THE KING= will, in short, be a complete guide to men and women of note throughout the year, not only fascinating but reliable, and the attractive way in which the matter is being prepared will appeal to everybody on account of its novelty.

One of the great features of =THE KING= will be a striking department called “The King’s Jester,” in which will be found funny drawings on all sorts of funny subjects by the funniest artists of the day. In it the best work of English, American, and Continental draughtsmen will be represented, at an expense never before undergone by any illustrated paper. Yet “The King’s Jester” is but one department of many in this enterprising paper. It is a “Punch” or a “Pick-Me-Up” thrown in gratis for the amusement of our readers.

In fact, =THE KING= will be found a paper of to-day for the people of to-day. Photographs of current events, smartly published while people are talking of them—photos, and gossip about people in the public eye—stories and articles on new and interesting subjects—and pictures that people want to look at crowded between its two covers. It is the most remarkable sixpenny weekly ever offered to the public, and no money will be spared in the attempt to make it the most graphic, briefest, and most attractive compendium of the world’s doings, week by week.

“THE KING”
Will be Published on or about Nov. 23, by
GEORGE NEWNES LTD.,
7-12 Southampton Street, Strand, W.C., London.