Chapter XVI: Part 16

Bodhiruci, a translator of the {Laṅkāvatāra}, 74.

Bodhisattvahood, 63; contrasted with Arhatship, 52.

{Bodhisattva-sīla Sūtra}, (Chinese,) 193, 205.

Bodhism, 152.

Boehme, Jacob, 114.

Bokitsu (Mu-chi), on staff, 20.

Bokuju (Mu-chou), on staff, 21; treatment of Ummon, 10; on dressing and
eating, 12f.; on teacher of Buddhas, 269; on Zen, 269; on doctrine
going beyond Buddhas, 269f.

{Brahmajāla}, 50fn., 51.

Buddha, his deification, 33; no metaphysician, 39; motherly, 40;
deified, 40fn.; as the world-light, 41; the reason of his appearance,
61; his secluded habit, 68; as a magician, 86; his personality, 101;
his personal experience, 107; his predecessors, 108; his reluctance to
preach, 109; his proclamation to Upaka 115; and metaphysics, 124ff.;
as empiricist, 127; his gāthā of law-transmission, 159; and an old
lady, 162; as mind, 220.

{Buddhacarita}, by Aśvaghosha, 145.

Buddhas, the six, 158; invoked at meal, 310fn.

Buddhism, and its founder, 31ff.; and its Pali scholars, 37; as a life,
37; as the teaching of the Buddha, 37; and its divisions, 42; as a
living system of Buddhist experience, 42, 44; its vital problems,
43ff.; its essence, 44; to be comprehensively and inwardly
conceived, 48; Buddhism, growing beyond monasticism, 62ff.; and women,
64; Chinese, characterised, 93; persecuted in China, 95; its influence
on Taoism, 98; acting on Confucian ideas, 99; defined, 101.

Builder (or designer, gahākara), 117; see also Ego.

Bukkō (Fo-kuang), or Tsu-yüan, 239f.; his tōki-no-gé, 241fn.

Bunki (Wen-hsi), silent, 281.

{Candrottara-dārikā Sūtra}, (Chinese) 64.

Carlyle, Thomas, 2.

Catushkotika, four logical propositions, 260.

{Cause and Effect in the Past and Present, Sutra on the}, 36fn.

Causation, the twelvefold chain of, 37, 55, 57, 108, 117, 126, 153,
154; see also under Origination.

Cetovimutti, 60.

Chao-chou, see Jōshū.

Ch‘êng-hao, Confucian philosopher, 99.

Ch‘êng-i, Confucian philosopher, 99.

Chien-ku, 69.

Chih-chiang-liang-lou, a Buddhist translator, 158.

Chih-I (Chigi), a Buddhist philosopher, 94, 100, 143, 190.

Chih-yüeh (Chiyaku), a Buddhist from India, 202.

Chih-huang (Chiko), disciple of Hui-nêng, 208f.

Chinese language, as vehicle of Zen, 337f.

Chinese mind, compared with the Indian, 83ff.; practical, 90.

Chō-kei (Ch‘ang-ching), his tōki-no-gé, 233f.; on Suigan’s eyebrows,
279.

Chosa (Ch‘ang-sha), on Nansen’s death, 17; on earthworm, 313; on the
self, 273.

Chōyetsu (Ch‘ang-shuo), a Chinese officer, 193.

Chōsui (Ch‘ang-shui), on the evolution of the absolute, 272.

Chou-tun-i, a Chinese philosopher, 99.

Christ, in the light of Zen, 330.

Christian mystics, 353.

Christianity, and its founder, 35ff.; symbolic, 141.

Chu (Chung), the national teacher, 327; calling to his attendant, 288.

Chuang-tzŭ, 89, 100.

Chu-hsi, a Chinese philosopher, 99.

Citta, 80.

Confucius, 2, 5, 10.

Contradictions, in Zen, 264ff.

Counter-questioning, in Zen, 281ff.

Cow, revered by the Indians, 355; on the herding of, 355; gone out of
sight, 364; forgotten, 363; on the back of, 362; herding the, 361;
seeing the traces of the, 358; seeing the, 359; catching the, 360;
looking for the, 357.

Daizui (Tai-sui), on self, 282.

Daruma (or Tamo), see Bodhi-Dharma.

Democracy, in the monastery, 313.

Designer (or builder, gahākara), 117.

{Dhammapāda}, 55, 134, 135.

Dharanī, 320fn.

Dharma, the, 58; and Buddhist life, 37; the comprehensive, 39; manifest
in the Buddha, 40; defined, 50; the eye of, 53.

Dharmakāya, 34fn., 76.

Dhṛitaka, a Zen patriarch, 159.

Dhyāna (jhāna), and Prajñā, 34ff.; and Zen, 67ff.; against
antinomianism, 67; different kinds of, 71ff.; four kinds of, in the
{Laṅkāvatāra}, 81; the true, defined in the Samyukta-āgama, 81fn.;
distinguished from Zen, 93; as a spiritual exercise, 154f.; the
Tathāgata, 210; the patriarchal, 210; see also under Zen.

Direct action, in Zen, 277ff.

Direct method, in Zen, 283ff.

{Discipline, Sutra on the Story of}, Chinese, 38.

Discipline (śiksha), the threefold, 69, 135.

Dōfuku (Tao-fu), disciple of Bodhi-Dharma, 177.

Dōgo (Tao-wu), Yenchi, disciple of Yakusan, knows not his master, 265;
with Yakusan, 287.

Dōgo, Tenno, instructing Ryūtan, 287.

Dōiku (Tao-yu), disciple of Bodhi-Dharma, 166, 177.

Dōsan (Tung-shan), 97.

Dōshin (Tao-hsin), 182, 187; and Hōyu (Fa-jung), 188f.

Duḥkha (pain), 141.

{Eastern Buddhist}, the, vi, 1fn.

Eating, in the monastery, 310ff.

Eckhart, cited, 114, 223, 255, 258, 268, 271, 305, 331fn., 364.

Ego, 4; -centric, 4; -substance, not existent, 46, 47.

Ekacitta (one thought), 113.

Ekottara-āgama, 34fn., 40fn.

Emerson, on imagination, 293.

Emptiness (śūnatā), 178ff.; as poverty, 336.

Engakuji, in Kamakura, 306.

Enlightenment, and darkness, 13; essence of Buddhism, 44; and Nirvana,
45; attainable by us, 47; its relation to Zen, 49ff.; as the Dharma,
50; as Nirvana, 51; not intellectual, 56, 111; as final truth, 57; in
the {Laṅkāvatāra}, 60; not discursive understanding, 61; and spiritual
freedom, 62ff.; fuller expression of life, 73; not conceptual, 81; in
the {Saddharma-puṇḍarīka}, 84; as a significant fact in the Buddha’s
life, 101; and intellection, 107; and ignorance, 107ff.; and the will,
119; as affirmation, 127; not nihilistic, 130; not a passive
reflection, 132; and samādhi (or dhyāna), 133ff.; a returning, 138ff.;
and the intellect, 139ff.; synthetical, 141; not negative, 144; as
essential fact of Buddhism, 152ff.; as satori, 215; graded, 349ff.

Everlasting No, 2.

Everlasting Yea, 2.

Eye (insight), 109.

Exclamation, in Zen, 278ff.

{Fa-pao-tan-ching}, by Hui-nêng, 201fn., 202f.

Finger, pointing at the moon, 7.

{First Fifty Discourses of the Buddha}, tr. by Sīlācāra, 355fn.

Freedom, spiritual, 121.

Fu-hsi (Fukyō, or Fudaishi), 189, 258.

{Gaṇḍavyūha Sūtra}, Chinese, 64.

Gantō (Yen-tou), 239f.

Gāthās of transmission, 159.

Genkaku (Hsüan-chiao), 207.

Genkaku cho (Hsüan-chiao Chêng); on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.

Gensaku (Hsüan-t‘sê), 208f.

Gensha (Hsüan-sha), in water, 277; on self, 277; on transparent
crystal, 277f.; on the murmuring of a stream, 278; and a piece of
cake, 278; on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.

Gensoku (Hsüan-t‘sê), and the god of fire, 294.

Godaishi (Wu-tao-tzŭ), and the emperor Hsüan-tsung, 292f.

God-consciousness, in Zen, 336.

Goroku (Yü-lu), sayings, III., IV.; Chinese colloquialism in, 97.

Gozusan (Niu-tou-shan), 187.

“Gradual” school, in Zen, 350.

Gunabhadra, a translator of the {Laṅkāvatāra}, 74, 202.

Gunin (Hung-jên), the fifth patriarch, 30, 196, 173, 187, 189, 191.

Gutei (Chuh-chih), one finger Zen, 22fn.

Gwarin, (Wo-luan) a disciple of the sixth Patriarch, 209.

Haikyū (P‘ei Hsiu), and Ōbaku, 266f., 289.

Hakuin; 238ff., 267, 327; on Ummon’s “Kwan!” 279; Song of Zasen, 322f.;
and his teacher Shōju, 324f.

{Hekiganshu}, an important book on Zen, 22fn., 320.

Herbert, George, cited, 305.

Hima (Pi-mo), with his forked stick, 261.

Hinayanism, as ascetic formalism, 64.

Hofuku (Pao-fu), 22fn.; on Suigan’s eyebrows, 279; his “for a while,”
281.

Hōgen (Fa-yen), on an inch’s difference, 275; on one drop of water,
275f.; on Chu the national teacher, 288f.; with Gensoku, 294.

Hokkezammai (fa-hua san-mei), 143.

Hōkoji (P‘ang Yun), on the companionless man, 16; Chinese Vimalakīrti,
17; on drawing water, 306, 306fn.

Hōji Bunkin (Pao-tz‘ŭ Wen-ch‘in), on everyday thought, 248.

Hōnen Shōnin, 34fn.

Hōshi (Pao-chih), 189.

Hossu, 20.

Hōyen (Fa-yen), of Gosozan, on Haryo Kan, 103; his tōki-no-gé, 234; on
his own portrait, 237; his sermon, 271; and the yogācāra, 275; sermon
on burglary, 296f.; on too much Zen, 331; sermon on staff, 345.

Hsiang-yen, see Kyōgen.

Hsien-chou (Genju), a great Buddhist philosopher, 100.

Hsing-szŭ, see Seigen Gyōshi.

Hsüan-chuang (Genjō Sanzo), 92, 100.

Huang-nieh, see Ōbaku.

Hui-chung, see Chu the national teacher.

Hui-k‘ê, see Yeka.

Hui-nêng, see Yeno.

Hui-szŭ (Yeshi), a Chinese Buddhist teacher, 143.

Humility, taught in the monastery, 318.

Hyakujo (Pai-chang), 163; and wild geese, 225. rolling up the matting,
232; deafened by Baso’s “Kwats!” 280; as founder of Zen monastery,
301; on cow-herding, 356.

Hyakujo, Nehan, 13, 247, 286.

{Hyakujo Shingi}, regulations of the Zen monastery, 301.

Ibnu ’I-Farid, a Persian mystic, 353.

I-ching (Gijō), a Chinese pilgrim and translator, 92.

Ignorance, avidyā, 1, 47; how conquered, 111; not cognitive, 116ff.;
and ego, 120, 126.

Iku, or Toryō (Tu-ling Yu), his tōki-no-gé, 234f.

Immortality, 17.

Indian imagination, and the Mahayana texts, 84.

Inshu (Yin-tsung), converted by Yeno, 197.

Insight, its synonyms in Sanskrit, 112ff.; see also eye (cakkhu).

Intellect, disturbing, 6.

Isan (Wei-shan), picking tea-leaves, 289, 314; in the remote mountains, 327.

Ishin Seigen (Wei-hsin Ch‘in-yüan), his view of Zen, 12.

{Islamic Mysticism}, by R. D. Nicholson, 353f.

{Itivuttaka}, 131, 133.

Jimyo (Tzŭ-ming), on dust, 22; his counter-questioning, 282; and Suigan
Kashin, 295f.

Jinshu (Shên-hsiu), 191, 193, 201, 218.

Jō-jōza (Ting the monk), and Rinzai, 243; with Buddhist scholars, 290f.

Jōshu (Chao-chou), on Zen, 102; “Throw it down!” 162; no abiding place,
205fn.; on washing dishes, 224; “Mu”, 236, 240; one ultimate word,
256, 256fn.; on poverty, 259; on Nansen’s cat, 262; on his new robe,
268; one thing abiding, 269; on Prajñā, 273; his counter-questioning,
282; his direct method, 286; on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.; on
dust, 313; crying “fire!” 313; and an old woman, 328f.; his stone
bridge, 329; on a crystal, 341; on Bodhi-Dharma, 341.

Kaisu (Ch‘i-sung), a Chinese historian, 158.

Kakuan (K‘uo-an), on ten cow-herding pictures, 355.

Kan of Haryo (Pa-Ling Chien), 103.

Karma, 86.

{Katha-Upanishad}, 114.

“Kechimyak-ron,” one of the Six Essays by Bodhi-Dharma, quoted, 219ff.

Kegon (Avataṁsaka), 54, 160.

Keisan (Chi-shan), 257fn.

{Kena-Upanishad}, 30fn., 143fn.

Kensho, seeing into one’s nature, 349.

{Kevaddha Sutta}, 69fn., 88.

Kido (Hsü-t‘ang), on the evolution of the absolute, 272f.

Kisu (Kuei-tsung), weeding, 270.

Kō-an, IV., 239f., 250; its meaning explained, 319fn.

Koboku Gen (K‘u-mu Yüan), on poverty, 334f.

Kōhō (Kao-fêng), his Zen experience, 236ff.

Kōrin (Hsiang-lin), tired with sitting, 268.

Kōzankoku (Huang-shan-ku), and Kwaido, 230.

Kumārajīva, 100.

Kwanzan, 327.

Kwasan (Hê-shan), his drum, 269.

“Kwatsu!” ({hê}), 22; four forms of, 280.

Kyōgen (Hsiang-yen), 210; his satori, 227f.; a man up in a tree, 263;
on poverty, 334.

Kyōzan (Yang-shan), on Isan’s mirror, 262; and Sansho, 282; picking
tea-leaves, 314.

Kwanchu (Huan-chung), on Prajñā, 273.

{Lalita-vistara}, 146.

{Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra}, 60, 82, 94, 102, 103, 161, 173ff., 193, 202,
336f.; not one word uttered, 55; three Chinese translations of, 74;
its special features discussed, 75; a hymn cited from, 76; its main
thesis, 76; passages often repeated in, 80; quotation from the first
chapter of, 87ff.; on abrupt understanding, 200.

Lao-tzŭ, 30fn., 100, 335.

Lawrence, Brother, 18, 305.

“Learning by doing,” in the monastery, 315.

Liang-chiu (“for a little while”), 281.

Lieh-tzŭ, 89, 330, 351ff.

Life, as affirmation, 2; suffering, 3; assertion of, 285.

Lightning simile, 230f., 241, 284.

Lin-chi, see Rinzai.

{Lohicca}, 69fn.

Mādhyamika, the, 90, 100, 160.

Mahākāśyapa, or Kāśyapa, 49, 74, 155, 159.

{Mahāli-sutta}, 50fn., 123, 132.

{Mahāpadāna-suttanta}, 38fn., 108.

{Mahāparinibbāna}, 69.

{Mahāparinirvāna Sūtra}, Chinese, 220fn.

Mahāsaṅghikas, 42.

Mahayana, traceable in Hinayana, 48.

Mahayanism, and libertinism, 64.

{Mahāyutpatti}, 70fn.

Maitreya, 85.

Majjhima-nikāya, 146, 147.

Manas, 80.

Mañjuśrī, 64, 86, 90; as Prajñā, 273.

Maññitams, (self-assertion), 136.

Manovijñāna, 80.

Manura, the twenty-second patriarch of Zen, 159.

Ma-tsu, see Baso.

Maturing, of Zen life, 327f.

Maudgalyāyana, 58.

Mayoku (Ma-ku), and Ryōsui, 288.

Meaningless affirmation, in Zen, 267ff.

Meditation, 81; in Zen, 19, 20fn., 206ff.; five objects of, 72fn.; ten
objects of, 72fn.; meditations on food, three, 310; five, 310.

Meditation Hall, IV., 24, 301ff.

Mencius, 4.

Meritlessness, 330; meritless deeds, 336.

Miracles, Buddhist view of, 123fn.

Moksha, 52; see also Vimoksha.

Monastery life, described, 309f.; practical, 305.

Mondō (questions and answers), 222, 256.

Monks, as labourers, 312.

Moon, and a finger, 6.

Mu-chou, see Bokujū.

Mumon (Wu-men), on poverty, 33.

Musō Kokushi, 321; his exhortation, 321.

Myō-jōza (Ming the Monk), 195.

{Mystics and Saints of Islam}, by Claud Field, 225fn.

Na-lien-ya-shê, a Buddhist translator from India, 158.

Nan-ch‘üan, see Nansen.

Nangaku (Nan-yüeh), 210, 212, 222, 236; and his disciples, 351.

Nansen (Nan-ch‘üan), 17, 30, 163, 292; everyday thought, 248; and his cat, 262.

Nāgārjuna, 55, 56, 100, 161, 355fn.

Nanyin (Nan-yüan,) 210.

Nan-yüeh, see Nangaku.

Negation, in Zen, 260ff.

Nenro, commentary remark peculiar to Zen, 225.

Nigrodha, 68.

Nirvana, 37, 45, 101; in samsara, 13; not annihilation, 47; in
enlightenment, 51; the anupādiśesha, 51, 63; conditioned by samsara,
79; in Sutta Nipata, 131f.; described as security, 147.

{Nirvāṇa Sūtra}, Chinese, 193, 197, see also {Mahāparinirvāna}.

Noble Truth, the Fourfold, 37, 39, 54, 55, 57, 96, 113, 116, 128f. 141,
154.

“No work, no eating,” 302f.

Non-achievement, 218.

Non-attachment, 161, 335f.

Non-ego, 37, 153, 154.

Nyoi, 20.

Ōbaku (Huang-po), 9, 163, 218; with his staff, 285f.; with Haikyū, 289;
and Rinzai, 291; with a hoe, 314.

Ōkubo Shibun, and his bamboo picture, 259f.

“One thought” (ekacitta), 56, 113.

One voice (ekaśvara), 43fn.

{Orategama}, a collection of letters by Hakuin, 238.

Original face, the, 195, 210.

Origination, theory or chain of (pratītya-samutpāda), 46, 66fn., 96,
142f.; see also Causation.

Pai-chang, see Hyakujo.

{Pali Text Society, Journal of}, 111.

Paññā, 109; and enlightenment, 126; its Pali synonyms, 112ff.; See also
Prajñā.

Paññā-vimutti, 60.

{Pao-lin-ch‘uan}, a lost Zen history, 158.

Paradox, in Zen, 258ff.

Paramārtha, or paramārthasatya, 79, 202.

Pāramitās, virtues of perfection, 170.

Parikalpana (or vikalpa), 113.

{Parinibbāna-suttanta}, 41fn.; see also {Mahāparinibbāna-suttanta}.

Paticca-samuppāda, 114, 116, 129; see also Origination and Causation.

Patriarchs, the twenty-eight, 157.

{Pieh-chi}, a Zen document, 172.

Pi-kwan, wall-gazing, 167, 171ff.

{Platform Sutra}, by Hui-nêng, 209; see also {Fa-pao-tan-ching}.

Plotinus, 268.

Poverty, in Zen, 333ff.

Prajñā, 52ff., 61, 65, 66, 94, 113, 134ff., 273, 275; see also Paññā,
and under Dhyāna and Enlightenment.

{Prajñā-pāramitā Sūtra}, 88, 90, 91, 100, 103, 142fn., 161, 205fn.,
266; the philosophy of, 136f.; its school, 80.

Pratyātmajñāna, or -gocara, 76ff., 81, 91, 153.

Prodigal son, the, in the Buddhist texts, 140ff.

Raft, the simile of, 136ff.

Rakuho (Le-p‘u), his “Kwats!” 280.

Rasan (Lo-shan), his counter-questioning, 282.

Rāvana, 77, 87.

{Records of the Right Transmission}, a Zen history by Ch‘i-sung, 158.

{Records of the Spread of the Lamp}, a Zen history by Li Tsun-hsü, 156.

{Records of the Transmission of the Lamp}, a Zen history by Tao-yüan,
156, 158, 164, 166, 204.

Refuge formula, the threefold, 62.

Reiun (Ling-yün), on the appearance of the Buddha, 285.

{Religion of the Samurai}, by Kwaiten Nukariya, v.

Repetition, in Zen, 271ff.

Returning, 139; to the origin, 365.

Rhys Davids, 70fn.

Righteousness, the eightfold path of, 37, 55. 96, 153, 154.

{Rightful Lineage of the Sākya Doctrine}, a history of Chinese
Buddhism, 163.

Rinzai (lin-chi), 190, 210, 281; on a man of no title, 8f.; on staff,
21; the school of, 212; on Ōbaku’s Buddhism, 232; and Ōbaku, 291; his
“Kwats!” 279f.; his “rough” method, 290; with a hoe, 314; sermon on
Zen life, 331f.

{Rinzairoku}, Sayings of Rinzai, 320.

Risan (li-shan), 256fn.

Ruskin, 15.

Ryōsui (Liang-sui), answering Mayoku, 288.

Ryüttan (Lung-t‘an), receiving instructions from Dōgo, 287.

{Saddharma-puṇḍarīka Sūtra}, 43fn., 54, 61, 66, 84, 89, 193. 355f.

Sai-an (Chi-an), and Vairocana Buddha, 162.

Samādhi, 94, 208f.; distinguished from dyhāna, 70; its synonyms,
70.

{Sāmaññā-phala Sutta}, 68, 69fn., 71fn., 128, 131.

Saṁsāra, 79.

Samyutta-nikāya, 59, 142fn.

Sandhana, a follower of the Buddha, 68.

Sangha, 68.

Sansho (San-shêng) 210; and Kyōzan, 282.

Sanzen, 323f.

Śāriputra, 61, 86; his spiritual attainment, 58; in the {Puṇḍarika},
61.

Satori, (awakening), 19, 24, 215ff.; as intuitive understanding, 216;
and conversion, 217; as ken-shō (chien-hsing), 219; not discursive,
228; and mental effort, 231; and self-suggestion, 244; absolutely
needed in Zen, 244f.; not meditation, 246; and seeing God, 246;
intimate experience, 247; not abnormal, 248; and freedom, 249; as
enlightenment, 249.

Schopenhauer, 144.

Secchō (Hsüeh-tou), compiler of {Hekigan}, 22fn.; on Ummon’s “Kwan!”
279.

Secret Virtue, 328ff.

Seigen Gyōshi (Ch‘ing-yüan Hsing-szŭ), the source of the Soto, 212.

Seizei (Ch‘ing-shi), 259fn.

Seki, Seisetsu, 357fn.

Sekisō (Shih-shuang), on the ultimate fact, 286.

Sekitō (Shih-t‘ou), 17, 163, 190, 199, 264.

Self-suffering, in Zen, 329.

Sêng-t‘san, see Sōsan.

Sesshin period, 319ff.

Shari (śārīra), 316.

Shên-hsui, see Jinshu.

{Sheng-chou-chi}, a lost Zen history, 158.

Shifuku (Tzu-fu), silent, 281.

Shih-t‘ou, see Sekitō.

Shiko (Tzŭ-hu), on earthworm, 314.

Shin sect, as “other-power,” v.

Shingon, 160; and Swedenborg, 45fn.

Shinko (Shên-kuang), 176f.; see also Yeka.

Shinran, 34fn.

Shippé, 20.

Shōkō (Shêng-kuang), on earthworm, 314.

Shuan (Shou-an), on poverty, 333.

Shujyō, 20.

Shukō (Chu-hung), on anger, 317f.

Shuzan (Shu-shan), 256fn.; on shippé, 261; on Buddhism, 269; his “for a
while,” 281.

Śikshānanda, a translator of the {Laṅkāvatāra}, 74.

Silence, in Zen, 280f.; Vimalakīrti’s 280; and Zen masters, 281.

Six Essays by Bodhi-Dharma, 218; see also under Bodhi-Dharma.

Sixth Patriarch, see Yeno.

Sōji (Tsung-chih), 177.

Sonadanda, the Brahman, 142fn.

Sorrow, sanctifying, 4.

Sōsan (Sêng-t‘san), 181ff.; his writing, 182ff.

Sōtō school, the, 212.

Sotōba (Su Tung-p‘o), on Mount Lu, 11f.

Shaku, Soyen, vii.

Sozan (Ts‘ao-shan), silence revealed by, 281.

Spirits, fed at meal, 311.

{Śrīmālā Sūtra}, Chinese, 64.

St. Francis, on work, 303f.

Sthaviras, 41.

Sudhana, 64.

Suffering, 3, 4.

Sufis, 353.

Suibi (Ts‘ui-wei), Mugaku, on Tanka, 317.

Suibi (Ts‘ui-yen), on his eyebrows, 279.

Suigan Kashin, and Jimyō, 295f.

{Sukhāvativyūha Sūtra}, 43fn.

Sumeru, Mount, 87.

Sumiye-painting, and Zen, 284.

Śūnyatā, emptiness, 47, 56, 80, 100.

Supernaturalism, Indian, 86; miracles, wonders, etc., 88, 90.

{Śūraṅgama Sūtra}, Chinese, 272.

{Sutta Nipata}, 50fn., 130, 132.

Swedenborg, 45fn.

Tai-an, on cow-herding, 356.

Taigi (tai-i), fixation, 238f.

Tanka (Tan-hsia), burning a Buddha’s image, 316f.

“Tat twam asi,” 258.

Tathagata, his knowledge, 122.

Tathāgata-dhyāna, 82.

Tathāgata-garbha, 78, 80.

Tathatā, 79.

Tao-hsüan, a Buddhist historian, 163ff.

Tao-shin, see Sōsan.

Tao-wu, see Dōgo.

Tao-yüan, a Zen historian, 164ff.

Tauler, 305, 333.

Teisho, Zen lecture, 320.

Ten Cow-herding Pictures, 349ff.

Tendai, 54; and Zen, 190.

Tennyson, 20.

Tenryu (T‘ien-lung), “one finger” Zen, 22fn.; his counter-questioning,
282.

Tenryūji, in Kyoto, 321, 357fn.

Terstegen, 278.

Tê-shan, see Tokusan.

Tesshikaku (T‘ieh-tsui Chiao), knows not his master, 265.

{Tevijja}, 50fn.

Three conceptions of being, 290.

Tōki-no-gé, 233; by Chōkei, 223f.; by Hōyen Goso, 234; by Yengo, 234;
by Yenju, 234; by Yōdainen, 235; by Iku of Toryō, 235; by Bukkō,
241fn.

Tō-Impo (Têng-yin-fêng), crushing Baso’s legs, 291.

Tokusan (Tê-shan), on staff, 21; and the {Diamond Sutra}, 225,
232; and his stick. 261, 280.

Tokushō (Tê-shao), one drop of water, 276; on Prajñā, 276.

Tōsu (T‘ou-tzŭ), on the Buddha, etc., 273.

Trikāya, 34fn.

Tsung-chien (Sōkan), a Buddhist historian, 163.

Tung-shan, see Dozan.

Tzŭ-ming, see Jimyo.

Udraka, 71fn.

{Udumbarika-sīhanāda Suttanta}, 68.

Ummon (Yün-men), on a good-for-nothing fellow, 10; on staff, 21; 261,
263f.; defines Zen, 102; sermons, 344; on Jōshu’s washing dishes, 224;
on poverty, 335; on Zen, 260; his “Kwan!” 279; his laconism, 338.

Umpō (Yün-fêng), on Ummon’s comment on Jōshu, 224.

Ungan (Yün-yen), “Overflowing!” 97; with Yakusan, 287.

Ungo (Yün-chü), Dōyō, and an officer, 288.

Ungo, Shaku, on Chu the national teacher, 288fn.

Upāya (expediency, or device), 65, 66f.

{Vajracchedikā Sūtra}, 137, 173ff., 189, 191, 198.

{Vajrasamādhi Sūtra}, Chinese, 64, 94, 170, 173; the prodigal son in,
140.

Vasubandhu, 55.

Vasumitra, 42fn.

Via negativa, 56.

Victory, the hymn of, 55, 59.

Vikalpa, 79, 81.

Vimalakīrti, 86, 89, 90, 258, 280f.

{Vimalakīrti Sūtra}, Chinese, 63, 64, 161, 181fn., 193, 205f., 207.

Vimoksha (or Moksha), 49.

Vimutti, 52, 53; see also Vimoksha and Moksha.

Vipaśyi, 159.

Wei-shan, see Isan.

Wilde, Oscar, quoted, 4.

Wind, the simile of, 331.

Wither, 267.

Yakusan (Yüeh-shan), 96, 163, 190, 247; with his disciples, 287; giving
no sermon, 344.

Yang-shan, see Kyōzan.

Yathābhūtaṁ, 114, 116, 128, 133f.; intuitional, 129f.; empirical, 131.

Yegu (Hui-yü), 259fn., 270.

Yeka (Hui-k‘ê), 74, 82, 166, 173, 177; his life, 178ff.

Yenchi (Yüan-chih), with Sekiso, 286f.

Yengo (Yüan-wu), 22; on dust and flower, 23; his tōki-no-gé, 234.

Yenkwan (Yen-kuan), on Vairocana Buddha, 286.

Yenō (Hui-nêng), the sixth patriarch, 17, 24, 30, 92, 94, 160, 189,
190ff., 218, 250, 327; and the {Vajracchedikā}, 174; on the flapping
pennant, 197; on seeing into one’s nature, 197; talk with the imperial
messenger, 198; long sitting, 201; on self-nature, 202; his view of
Zen in the {Platform Sutra}, 203ff.; on prajñā, 204f.; on abrupt
teaching, 205; as dynamic intuitionalist, 207; on samādhi and dhyāna,
208f.; his method of instruction, 210; his death, 211; on quiet
sitting, 221; on his understanding of Buddhism, 30, 263.

Yervō Chōkei, on staff, 20.

Yesei Bashō, on staff, 20.

Yeshi (Hui-szŭ), a Tendai philosopher, 190.

Yōdainen, his tōki-no-gé, 235.

Yogācāra, 100, 160.

Yōgi (Yang-ch‘i), on poverty, 334.

Yüeh-shan, see Yakusan.

Yün-men, see Ummon.

Zazen, 304.

Zen: (1) in its relation to Buddhism 29; and the doctrine of
enlightenment, 29ff., 83ff.; as the essence of Buddhism, 43; is the
enlightenment-mind of the Buddha, 49ff.; and the theory of Śunyatā,
174fn.; and the {Laṅkāvatāra}, 74ff.: (2) in its relation to the
Chinese mind, 95; as Chinese product, 154; how it ruled in China,
92ff.; and the Sung philosophy, 98ff.; and the Tendai, 190; and other
Buddhist sects in China, 95; in the T‘ang dynasty, 95; in the Sung,
95; in the Yuan and the Ming, 95; legendary history of, 155: (3)
as a discipline, 14; and asceticism, 15, 309; its monastery training,
326f.; and poverty, 259fn.; and the boiling oil, 16; deadly poison,
18: (4) in its relation to the intellect, 6; as “self-power,” 111; as
a liberating agent, 1; teaches freedom, 11; as the solution of
life-problems, 5; no generalisation, 12; never explains, 8f.;
irrational, 11; paradoxical, 258ff.; the culmination of intellectual
efforts, 254; as an unutterable sigh, 278fn.: (5) psychologically
viewed, self-suggestion, 18; subconsciousness, 19; the sense of
returning, 143; leaving no traces, 3: (6) specific features of, summed
in four lines, 7, 163; its methods of teaching, 24, 253ff.; methods
classified, 257; its gradation, 24; (see also the Ten Cow-herding
Pictures); its derivation, 67; and dhyāna, 67ff.; and meditation, 67;
practical, 54; different from tranquillisation, 73; not quiet sitting,
222; seeing into one’s own nature, 203, 204; acquiring a new
viewpoint, 215ff.; nothing secret in, 13; and the sumiye-painting,
284; defined, 102; Southern and Northern schools, 199; the instant and
the gradual, 199; its monastery system psychologically and morally
considered, 303ff.: (7) its language, 274; and colloquialism, 340.

Transcriber’s Notes

Italics are enclosed in _underscores_.

Though breaks, presented as extra space between paragraphs in the original printed text, is presented here as a line of 5 spaced asterisks.

Footnotes, originally at the bottoms of the pages on which they were referenced, have been collected, sequentially renumbered, prefixed with the letter ‘f’, wrapped by square brackets, and moved to the end of the main text, just before the Index.

References to the Chinese text have been prefixed with the essay number followed by a period, and wrapped by square brackets.

Missing punctuation has been added.

Illustrations are indicated by . Ornamental illustration do not include a description.

In some cases a Chinese variant character is used in place of the printed character in the book. This occurs when a proper Unicode glyph is not found.

Variations in the use of diacritics in names has been largely unchanged. An exception is made for very common names (see below).

Hyphenation has not been standardised.

Note that Chinese [5.44] does not have anchor in the text or an obvious place where one could be placed.

Note that Chinese [5.16] does not have anchor in the printed text. One has been added to an appropriate place in etext.

Note on pg 405 關山慧玄 Kanzan Egen should be (1277–1360) not (616–700).

Some spelling and other errors have been corrected and listed below:

pg 19 “so is the Subsconcious” changed to “so is the Subconscious”

pg 60 “causal dependance” changed to “causal dependence”

pg 74 Added Chinese text reference [2.4] to appropriate place in
text.

pg 86 “learning from Manūjuśrī” changed to “learning from Mañjuśrī”

pg 100 “practival tendency” changed to “practical tendency”

pg 118 “his spiritual greatmess” changed to “his spiritual greatness”

pg 151 “in-<CR>investigation will” changed to “<CR>investigation will”

pg 163 “Tien-tai point of view” changed to “T‘ien-tai point of view”

pg 181 “entertain a dualitic” changed to “entertain a dualistic”

pg 191 “partiarchal mantle” changed to “patriarchal mantle”

pg 198 “prefering his stay” changed to “preferring his stay”

pg 216 “have gained a saroti” is changed to “have gained a satori is”

pg 217 “are many similacra” changed to “are many simulacra”

pg 233 “varied and dissimiliar” changed to “varied and dissimilar”

pg 236 “corpse of yours?”[5.23]” changed to “corpse of yours?”[5.32]”

pg 263 “whom we got acquained” changed to “whom we got acquainted”

pg 304 “giving real beneficience” changed to “giving real beneficence”

pg 318 “made to the Ahrats” changed to “made to the Arhats”

pg 331 “have so thoroughy” changed to “have so thoroughly”

pg 356 “carpetted with” changed to “carpeted with”

pg 416 “Past and Present, Sutra on the, 36fn.” changed to
“Past and Present, Sutra on the, 38fn.”

pg 417 “{Eastern Buddhist}, the, 1fn.” changed to
“{Eastern Buddhist}, the, vi, 1fn.”

pg 418 “Kena-Upanishad, 30fn., 143fn.” changed to
“Kena-Upanishad, 30fn., 142fn.”

pg 418 “Persain mystic” changed to “Persian mystic”

pg 418 “Mahāyutpatti, 70fn.” changed to “Mahāvyutpatti, 70fn.”

pg 420 “Kwaiten Nukariya, 111.” changed to “Kwaiten Nukariya, v.”

pg 420 “{Pali Text Society, Journal of}, 111.” changed to
“{Pali Text Society, Journal of}, v.”

pg 421 “Seki, Seisetsu, 357.” changed to “Seki, Seisetsu, 357fn.”

pg 421 “Shin sect, as “other-power,” 111.” changed to
“Shin sect, as “other-power,” v.”

pg 421 “Shaku, Soyen, v.” changed to “Shaku, Soyen, vii.”

pg 422 “Tung-shan, see Dozan.” changed to “Tung-shan, see Dosan.”

pg 423 “as “self-power,” 111;” changed to “as “self-power,” v;”

Footnote 48 “Sīlacāra” changed to “Sīlācāra”

Footnote 56 “Sīlācara” changed to “Sīlācāra”

Footnote 73 “Mañjusrī” changed to “Mañjuśrī”

Index “Sīlacara” changed to “Sīlācāra”