Chapter XIX: Appendix: New Species and Subspecies Discovered During the Expedition

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF MAMMALS (OTHER THAN RUMINANTS)

Described by Messrs. OLDFIELD THOMAS and MARTIN A. C. HINTON of the British Museum (Natural History). (The complete collection is fully described by Messrs. THOMAS and HINTON in _Novitates Zoologicæ_, the Journal of the Tring Museum, vol. xxviii., pp. 1-13, 1921.)

_Locality taken_

Wild cat: _Felis haussa_ sp. nov. Kano and Damagarim.

Caracal (Lynx): _Caracal caracal Baguezan Mts.
poecilotis_ subsp. nov.

Pale sand-coloured fox: _Vulpes pallida Damergou and Aïr.
harterti_ subsp. nov.

Silver-grey fox: _Vulpes rüppelli cæsia_ Aïr.
subsp. nov.

Striped weasel: _Poecilictis rothschildi_ Kano.
sp. nov.

Ground Squirrel: _Euxerus erythropus Aïr.
agadius_ subsp. nov.

Naked-soled gerbil: _Taterillus gracilis Kano.
angelus_ subsp. nov.

Nigerian hairy-soled gerbil: _Gerbillus Kano and Damagarim.
nigeriæ_ sp. nov.

Dwarf gerbil: _Desmodilliscus buchanani_ Kano.
sp. nov.

Fat-tailed mouse: _Steatomys cuppedius_ Kano.
sp. nov.

Giant rat: _Cricetomys buchanani_ sp. nov. Kano.

Dwarf mouse: _Leggada haussa_ sp. nov. Kano and Damagarim.

Spiney rock mouse: _Acomys airensis_ sp. Aïr.
nov.

Striped bush mouse: _Lemniscomys olga_ sp. Damergou.
nov.

Jerboa: _Jaculus jaculus airensis_ subsp. Damergou and Aïr.
nov.

Gundi: _Massoutiera rothschildi_ sp. nov. Aïr.

Short-eared hare: _Lepus canopus_ sp. nov. Kano.

Rock dassie: _Procavia buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

With regard to the entire collection of mammals (other than Ruminants), in which is contained the above species and subspecies which are new, the British Museum paper, in the foreword makes the following appreciative statements:

“Thanks to the kindness of Lord Rothschild we are now able to give a list of the complete collection made by Captain Buchanan, both of such further mammals as he obtained in the Kano region and of those which he got northwards to Aïr itself, which he explored most successfully.

As this is a country which has been hitherto entirely out of the ken of mammalogists, we were prepared to expect a considerable number of new forms to be discovered, but we certainly never expected that so very high a proportion of the species would be new. Indeed we believe it may safely be said that in the history of mammalogy no collection containing so high a proportion of novelties has ever come to Europe from a continental locality.

In all, the collection contains 36 species and subspecies, of which no less than 18 are new, 6 of these latter having been described in our previous paper. Considering the comparatively barren nature of the country, and the number of mammals usually found to occur in any given area, the capture of 36 forms indicates that Captain Buchanan has been highly successful in getting a full representation of the fauna of the districts he has worked in. . . .

“As already stated, the National Museum has to thank Lord Rothschild for a full set of the mammals dealt with, including all the types. The skins are all beautifully prepared, and Captain Buchanan is to be congratulated on the great value that his collection has proved to possess.”

NEW SUBSPECIES OF UNGULATE MAMMALS

Described by LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D. (The complete collection of Ungulate Mammals is fully described by LORD ROTHSCHILD in _Novitates Zoologicæ_, the Journal of the Tring Museum, vol. xxviii., pp. 75-77, 1921.)

_Locality taken_
Arui, Udad, or Barbary sheep:
_Ammotragus lervia angusi_ subsp. nov.
(Largest head collected: right horn 21 in.
over curve; left horn 20⁸⁄₁₀ in.) Aïr.

Dama gazelle: _Gazella dama damergouensis_
subsp. nov. (Largest head collected:
length of horns 5⁶⁄₁₀ ins.) Damergou.

NEW SUBSPECIES OF BIRDS

Described by Dr. ERNST HARTERT, Director of Tring Museum. (The complete collection of Birds is fully described by Dr. HARTERT in _Novitates Zoologicæ_, vol. xxviii., pp. 78-141, 1921.)

_Locality taken_

Subsaharan striped kingfisher: _Halcyon Kano and
chelicuti eremogiton_ subsp. nov. Damagarim.

Straight-billed wood-hoopoe: _Scoptelus Aïr.
aterrimus cryptostictus_ subsp. nov.

Golden goatsucker: _Caprimulgus eximus Damagarim and
simplicior_ subsp. nov. Damergou.

Sand martin: _Riparia obsoleta buchanani_ Aïr.
subsp. nov.

Sombre rock-chat: _Cercomela melanura Aïr.
airensis_ subsp. nov.

Northern ant-eating wheatear[11]: Kano, Damagarim,
_Myrmecocichla æthiops buchanani_ subsp. nov. and Damergou.

Saharan bush-babbler: _Crateropus fulvus Aïr.
buchanani_ subsp. nov.

Grey bush-babbler: _Crateropus plebejus Kano.
anomalus_ subsp. nov.

Long-tailed sunbird: _Nectarinia pulchella Kano, Damagarim,
ægra_ subsp. nov. and Aïr.

Crested shrike: _Prionops plumatus haussarum_ Kano.
subsp. nov.

Asben brown pipit[11]: _Anthus sordidus Aïr.
asbenaicus_ subsp. nov.

Dunn’s desert lark: _“Calendula” dunni Damergou.
pallidor_ subsp. nov.

Small rock sparrow: _Petronia dentata Damagarim.
buchanani_ subsp. nov.

Pencil-crowned weaver-bird: _Sporopipes Damagarim and
frontalis pallidior_ subsp. nov. Damergou.

Dr. Hartert, in his most interesting foreword to his paper (which deals extensively with the zoo-geographical history of the Sahara and the important information which the Expedition has brought to light in that connection), states two facts which have a particular bearing on the value of the collection of birds:

“Zoologically Aïr remained absolutely unknown until Buchanan’s expedition. It was with great satisfaction to myself that Lord Rothschild fell in with my ideas about it, with his usual zeal and interest in all scientific exploration, and that Captain Buchanan accepted the offer to make a collecting trip to Aïr for the Tring Museum. The exploration of that country has been in my mind since 1886. . . . It was one of my many unfulfilled dreams of life to visit Asben myself, but I have never given up hope one day to see natural history specimens from there. . . .

“Captain Buchanan obtained skins of 168 species. In a country which, to a great extent, is desert and therefore poor in animal life, and considering that he also collected as many Lepidoptera and mammalia as possible, this is a very fine collection.”

NEW SPECIES AND SUBSPECIES OF BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS

Described by LORD ROTHSCHILD, F.R.S., Ph.D. (The complete collection is fully described by LORD ROTHSCHILD in _Novitates Zoologicæ_.)

BUTTERFLIES

_Locality taken_

_Teracolus amelia_ f. arid. _insignis_ Kano.
f. nov.

_Teracolus celimene angusi_ subsp. nov. Damagarim.

_Teracolus liagore_ f. pluv. Aïr.
liagoroides f. nov.

_Eronia bugueti buchanani_ subsp. nov. Damergou.

_Terias flavicola_ f. arid. _parva_ f. Kano.
nov.

_Vivachola livia pallescens_ subsp. nov. Damagarim and Aïr.

_Spindasis buchanani_ sp. nov. Kano and Damagarim.

MOTHS

_Aegocera brevivitta rectilineoides_ Damergou.
subsp. nov.

_Timora buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Timora terracottoides_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Adisura affinis_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Eublemma dissoluta_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Eublemma bipartita_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Eublemma perkea_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Eublemma pseudonoctna_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Ozarba damagarima_ sp. nov. Damagarim,
Damergou, and Aïr.

_Pseudozarba abbreviata_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Pseudozarba bella_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Enlocastra sahariensis_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Enlocastra pseudozarboides_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Tarache buchanani_ sp. nov. Damergou and Aïr.

_Tarache asbenensis_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Crypsotidia griseola_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Crypsotidia parva_ sp. nov. Kano.

_Grammodes buchanani_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Parachalciope mixta_ sp. nov. Locality not noted.

_Raphia buchanani_ sp. nov. Kano.

_Rhynchina sahariensis_ sp. nov. Damagarim,
Damergou, and Aïr.

_Rhynchina buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Hypena sordida_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Casama griseola_ sp. nov. Damagarim and
Damergou.

_Acidaliastis micra dissimilis_ ab. Aïr.
_saturata_ ab. nov.

_Tephrina quadriplaga_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Paropta buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Anadiasa sahariensis_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Pachypasa concolor_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Miresa coccinea intensior_ subsp. nov. Damagarim.

_Ommatopteryx hampsoni_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Ommatopteryx asbenicola_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Surattha albostigmata_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Heterographis medioalba_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Heterographis airensis_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Heterographis eximia_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Heterographis sahariensis_ sp. nov. Damagarim and Aïr.

_Heterographis cretaceogrisea_ sp. nov. Damagarim,
Damergou, and Aïr.

_Homœosoma straminea_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Homœosoma basalis_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Homœosoma asbenicola_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Brephia inconspicua_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Brephia gracilis_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Crocidomera intensifasciata_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Pogononeura buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Anerastia aurantiaca_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Pterothrix damergouensis_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Crocolia africana_ sp. nov. Damergou and Aïr.

_Pyralis soudanesis_ sp. nov. Damagarim,
Damergou, and Aïr.

_Tyndis umbrosus_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Bostra asbenicola_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Dattima buchanani_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Dattima dubiosa_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Marasmia hampsoni_ sp. nov. Kano.

_Loxostege damergouensis_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Cybolomia azzalana_ sp. nov. Aïr.

_Cybolomia ledereri_ sp. nov. Damergou.

_Cybolomia fenestrata_ sp. nov Aïr.

_Metasia angustipennis_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Metasia parallelalis_ sp. nov. Damagarim.

_Tegostoma camparalis sahariensis_ Damergou and Aïr.
subsp. nov.

INDEX

A

Abellama, 129

Aderbissinat outpost, 125, 243

Administrative headquarters, 78

Agades, ancient, 134

Agalak mountains, 181

Agaraguer mountain, 189

Agoras river, 185, 189, 203, 206

Aguellal mountains, 200

Aguellal, south of, 202

Aïr, barren nature of, 153, 167, 187, 199, 222

entered, 125

mountains in view, 134

nature of foothills, 149, 151, 166, 216

northern end, 195

places where water, 150, 152, 193, 195, 201, 224

stricken, 186

travel ends, 231

Altitudes, Aïr, 150, 152, 167, 184, 189, 192, 199, 202, 217, 220, 222, 224, 228

Ancient stone huts, 171

Animals discovered, 247

trapping, 66

An isolated walled town, 75

Ants, white, 57, 146

Aouderas mountains, 151, 224

village, 223

Area of Kano, 27

A remarkable individual, 7, 98

Arra district, 151

Assodé, 204

Atagoom and Saidi, 177

A wonderful city, 19

Azzal, 220

B

Baban Tubki, 58

Baguezan, east of, 215

mountains, 151, 164

plateau, 166, 168, 179

Barbara village, 53

Barbary sheep, 152, 163, 202, 216, 225, 230

Beauty in Africa, 169

Beri-Beri hunter, a, 97

Birds, collecting, 62

rare, 153, 197, 220, 250

Bilma oasis, 172

Border of desert, 95, 110

Boundaries of Aïr, 127, 161, 165

Bushland, end of, 83

Bustard, Arab, 89

Butterflies and moths, 67, 218, 251

C

Camel corps, 137

Camels, alarming decline of, 92

in mountains, 165, 179

of Hausaland, 41

on loading, 45

stolen, 212

Camps, hunting, 36, 58, 93, 152, 166, 213, 225

Caravans, composition of, 41

Caravan travelling started, 48

Cartridges, 62

Chief killed by robbers, 148, 227

of Aouderas, 225

of Baguezan, 148, 153, 162, 174

Climate, 60, 78, 101, 130, 173

change? 188

Collecting in Damergou, 106

in Nigeria, 37

Collecting, scientific, 60, 71, 121

Companionship, regarding, 219

Comparison of distances, 74

Construction of mud huts, 24, 77, 142

Country changing, 56, 83, 86

nature of Damagarim, 57, 73, 83, 85

of Damergou, 86, 89, 93, 245

north of Kano, 49

of bad repute, 175

Cultivation in Aïr, 139, 183, 220, 223

Currency, drawbacks of, 39

D

Damagarim territory, 58

Dambiri village, 86

Damergou territory, 90

Date Aïr occupied, 136

of British occupation, 20

of French occupation, 79

palms, 183, 193, 195, 217, 223

Declining population, 77

Delayed at Kano, 35

Deserted villages, 152, 186, 189, 201, 204, 217, 224

Desert entered, the, 129

the shores of, 83

Desolate country, 133

Difficulties at start, 46

Discomforts of Harmattan, 18

Discouraging rumours, 82

Distance travelled, 243

Dogo village, 57

Dry season, the, 102

Dwelling, an outpost, 145

E

Engaging natives, 6, 23, 178

Escort, 96, 122, 148, 177, 184

European population, Kano, 21

Expedition ends, 246

F

Fachi oasis, 172

Faodet mountains, 189

Food plentiful in Nigeria, 53

Forest and bush, 15

Fox trapped, 65, 161

French forts, 54, 78, 91, 125, 137

frontier, 54

mission to Agades, 136

Friendly fact, a, 20

G

Gazelle, Dama, 104, 151, 216, 242

Dorcas, 59, 89, 104, 151, 191, 200, 216, 242

Red-fronted, 53, 59, 85, 104

Geological change? 187

Giant walls, 27

Giraffe, 86, 105, 113

Gorge, mouth of Timia, 182

Goundaï mountain, 185, 206

Grain, chief native food, 139

Grain-growing country, 90, 245

Green growth, 217, 242, 245

Ground-nut boom, 49

Growing poverty, 86

Guarding camels, 160

Guide, a native, 184, 197

Guns, 61

H

Harmattan, the, 17, 52, 56

Hausa names of game, 105

phrasing, 34

race, boundary of, 81, 87

salutation, 24

Heat intense, 78, 103, 128, 130, 223

Hive of industry, a, 28

Homeward! 241

Horses, country unfit for, 113

Kano, 30

Hunting, a morning’s, 61

unlucky, 103, 110, 120

Huts of Kano, 22

I

Iferouan, 194

Igouloulof, 185

Illness, 131

Inhabited villages, Aïr, 139

J

Jigawa, 53

John, 1, 51, 122, 246

K

Kano market, 29

Northern Nigeria, 16

Kano’s defences, 27

Kings, primitive, 143

Kites, Egyptian, 242

Korrigum, 105

L

Lagos, 10

Lagos-Kano railway, 13

Lagos lagoon, 5

Land of immense possibilities, 15

Life in Kano, 31

Lost ammunition, 37

M

Magaria fort, 54

Malaria, 222, 243

Map and compass, 198, 204

Margin of mountainland, the, 231

Market, village, 87

Military force in Aïr, 137

rule, 77

Mirage, 220

Modes of transport, 29

Mosque, Assodé, 205

Tintaghoda, 193

Mosquitoes, 191, 243

Mountain climate, 173

scenery, wild, 180, 224

stronghold, 165, 169

Mountains, rugged, 153

N

Native dress, 235

hunter, a, 99, 122

limitations, 2

personnel, 35

population, Agades, 138

Aïr, 232

Baguezan, 172

Damergou, 92

Kano, 21

scouts, 148

soldiers, 138

taxidermists, 9

weapons, 97

Natives of Damagarim, 58, 77, 80

of Lagos, 11

shot, 211

suspicious, 174

uneasy, 82, 121

Nigeria’s needs, 14

Northern Aïr, 177

Notability of local kings, 143

O

Oasis, the term, 244

Oryx, white, 105, 113, 242

Ostrich foods, 116

hunting, 95, 245

scarcity of, 108

trap, 118

Outfit, 39

P

Palm belts, 16

Pass into Baguezan, 165, 179

Pets, 54

“Pigeon English,” 33

Pilgrim routes, old, 135, 221

Plants, Kano, common, 17

Population grows less, 58, 77

Preparations for journey, 39

Prestige of white men, 125

Produce of Aïr, 139

Prospering trade, 50

R

Race, a question of, 2

Rainfall scant, 90, 115

Rains, 159, 161, 185, 217, 222, 227, 230, 241, 245

Rains, local, 219

Remote territory, 38, 75

Rising of 1916, 137, 186

Robber tracks, 194, 207

Robbers attack Timia, 209, 213

dread of, 97, 157, 223

Hogar, 214

persistent, 137, 227

Routine of travelling, 51

Ruins of the past, 171, 187

Rumours of robbers, 82

S

Sahara Desert, 129

remote, 38

Sand and bleakness, 18

Sandstorms, 241

Sand tracks, heavy, 56

Scarcity of food, 83, 138, 200

of water, 89, 93, 126, 228

Sentry posted, 185

Skinning lessons, 8

specimens, 67

Skins complete, 68, 70

Solitude, weight of, 75

Spring for a moment, 229

Sultan of Agades, traitor, 137

Sultan’s palace, 140

Suspicious of stranger, 164

T

Takoukout country, 95, 110

Tamgak mountains, 192

Tanout, 88

Tarrouaji hills, 228

Tarusszgreet summit, 167

Tebernit valley, 216

Tegguidi cliff, 132

Teouar village, 217

Thunderstorms, 189, 219, 241

Time to hunt, 61

Timia, 183

Tom-tom proclamations, 87

Tragedy, relics of a, 159

Transport animals, 41

Travel by night, 123

Treaty between Britain and France, 79

Trees of Aïr, 149, 151, 194

Tuareg huts, 170, 183

natives, 93, 138, 173, 232

U

Untravelled land, 172

V

Vegetable gardens, 55

Villages in Baguezan mountains, 170

W

Walls of Kano, the, 27

of Zinder, 76

Wares in native markets, 29

Water, foul, 203

Wild life of Kano, 36

men, 190

Wireless, 137

Y

Yashmak, 234

Z

Zinder, 73

Zoological geography, 59, 72

=By Captain Angus Buchanan, M.C.=
WILD LIFE IN
CANADA

_THE SUNDAY TIMES:_

“Captain Buchanan’s book has the rare charm of an exquisite
simplicity, coupled with a fresh, almost boyish delight in his
questing successes. . . . May ‘Caribou Antler’ soon return to
his beloved North, and give us yet another delightful book.”

_THE DAILY TELEGRAPH:_

“The record of his study of birds, beasts, and fishes of the Far
North is written not merely with scientific accuracy, but with
a broad outlook that must interest alike the naturalist and the
ordinary layman. . . . The book affords fascinating reading for
young and old.”

_THE MORNING POST:_

“It is the treasure of the mind and the eye of a man of knowledge
and sensibility, exploring beyond the white man’s frontier of
Saskatchewan. . . . Commend it we can, and do, heartily.”

_NATURE:_

“Birds predominate throughout the pages of what is really a
naturalist’s journal—unvarnished, graphic, and with a strong
personal note. . . . The picture that the author gives of the
caribou is a fine piece of work.”

_THE PALL MALL GAZETTE:_

“Excellent reading. . . . Naturalists, sportsmen, and all lovers
of adventure will find the book both profitable and entertaining.”

_THE SCOTS PICTORIAL:_

“A delightful book about his wanderings and adventures in the
North-West. The spirit of the wilds is in his language, telling of
the grandeur and beauties of these regions, the vast solitudes,
the continuous struggle with Nature. . . . As interesting as it
is informative.”

_With Numerous Photographs by the Author_

_SECOND IMPRESSION_
* * * * *
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, LONDON, W.1

=By Captain Angus Buchanan, M.C.=

THREE YEARS OF WAR
IN EAST AFRICA

=With a Foreword by LORD CRANWORTH=

_THE TIMES:_

“A book which is singularly attractive and ‘African’ all
over. . . . His narrative is essentially the story of three years’
soldiering in Central Africa by a lover of the wild, a traveller
in many lands, a naturalist and sportsman.”

_THE SPECTATOR:_

“Captain Buchanan’s valuable book. . . . It is of great human
interest as a record of the admirable work done by the author’s
battalion.”

_NAVAL AND MILITARY RECORD:_

“Wonderfully interesting—the author gives thrilling accounts of
the fighting, but the story is more that of a man possessing the
spirit of adventure, an explorer of the wild, a lover of nature,
and a sportsman.”

_THE EVENING STANDARD:_

“One emerges with a profound admiration of the man and his work,
both with sword and pen. His equipment is so complete. A thorough
soldier, one that sticks it out through exhaustion and disease
till the body refuses any longer to obey the indomitable will;
a gifted leader; a big game hunter, whose hunting is inspired by
a love of natural history that comes out in his study of birds;
a traveller with a keen eye for the picturesque in nature and man;
and, to cap all, a thinker, and one of those wise thinkers who
translate their theories of life into consistent action.”

_ARMY AND NAVY GAZETTE:_

“The author gives us an admirable idea of the country . . . a
valuable contribution to the literature of the campaign, and
incidentally provides a fine record of the work of the splendid
corps to which he belonged.”

_THE GRAPHIC:_

“This well-written book is intensely inspiring as a study in
British pluck.”

_With Illustrations from Drawings and Photographs by the Author_

_SECOND IMPRESSION_
* * * * *
JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street, LONDON, W.1

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 1: Director of Tring Museum.] [Footnote 2: Of the British Museum of Natural History.] [Footnote 3: But this he did not do, for I never saw him again.] [Footnote 4: Nigeria handbook] [Footnote 5: Sometimes Madala!] [Footnote 6: Made of pasteboard for small specimens and wood for large.] [Footnote 7: Barth’s _Travels in Central Africa_. Vol. i, p. 370.] [Footnote 8: Dr. Barth’s _Travels in Central Africa_. Vol. i, p. 399.] [Footnote 9: “ABISGEE,” Hausa name; an evergreen, willow-like bush, which has a pungent skunk odour. It bears large clusters of currant-like fruit in June and July. This bush was found only in Aïr, and it may be _Boscia salicifolia, Oliver_ (Capparidaceæ).] [Footnote 10: The mountains of Baguezan, Timia, Agalak, Goundaï, Agarageur, Faodet, and Tamgak may be said to form almost one continuous range, whereas Aguellal is a detached mountain range.] [Footnote 11: Described by Lord Rothschild]

Transcriber's note:

pg 197 Changed: AIR to: AÏR

pg 199 Changed: few scattered acacais to: acacias

pg 216 Changed: large acacais to: acacias

caption, facing pg 234 Changed: ÄIR to: AÏR

pg 252 Changed: _palleseens_ to: _pallescens_

pg 252 Changed: _griscola_ to: _griseola_

Other spelling inconsistencies have been left unchanged

Italicized, bold and underlined text indicated with '_', '='
and '--', respectively