Chapter X: Conclusion

AT the close of this brief manual, it may perhaps be useful to state the question as it now presents itself.

I. Upon those who _assert_, rests the duty and incumbency of _proof_. Yet, in regard to what by a single comprehensive word may be styled _Popery_, the question stands _negatively_, in manner following.

_The peculiar doctrines and practices_, _which the Clergy of the Roman Church pertinaciously inculcate upon their Laity_, _and to which they would proselyte the unthinking and uninformed Protestant_, CAN NOT BE TRACED UP TO CHRIST AND HIS INSPIRED APOSTLES, _either by the evidence of God’s Written Word_, _or by the subordinate testimony of the successive ecclesiastical writers of the three first centuries_.

II. But this circumstance, bad enough even in itself, is by no means the worst part of the matter.

_Scripture and the early Fathers_, _not only_, _negatively_, DO NOT ESTABLISH _the apostolicity of the peculiarities of Popery_: _but they also_, _positively_, CONTRADICT AND CONDEMN _those same peculiarities_.

III. Hence, if I mistake not, the sober inquirer, who demands _proof_ instead of _assertion_, will at length find himself irresistibly brought to the following very important conclusion.

IN ADMITTING THE PECULIARITIES OF THE LATIN CHURCH AS ARTICLES OF THE CHRISTIAN REVELATION, THE ROMANIST BELIEVES, NOT ONLY WITHOUT EVIDENCE, BUT EVEN AGAINST EVIDENCE.

THE END.

* * * * *

GILBERT & RIVINGTON, Printers, St. John’s Square, London.

* * * * *

FOOTNOTES.

{7} Such, avowedly, has been the language of Dr. Norris, of Stonyhurst; such also, unless my memory altogether fail me, has been the language of Dr. Doyle. _Roma locuta est_: _causa finita est_. Which, being interpreted, Is: _Rome hath spoken_:_ the cause_, _therefore_, _is determined_.

These two divines seem, either _themselves_ to have forgotten, or to have expected _their opponents_ to forget; that the theologians of Trent, not only define DOCTRINES, but assert FACTS; not only assert FACTS, but assert them as THE AVOWED BASIS OF DOCTRINES.

The defined DOCTRINES being thus _professedly_ made to rest upon the asserted FACTS, we should feel ourselves greatly obliged to Dr. Norris, and Dr. Doyle, if they would distinctly teach us; _What becomes of the defined_ DOCTRINES, _when the asserted_ FACTS _themselves turn out to be mere shadowy non-entities_?

Will a house continue to stand, when its foundations are removed? Can doctrines remain secure, when their _professed_ basis of facts proves to be nothing better than the fabric of a vision?

{8a} Concil. Trident. sess. xiii. a 3. p. 124.

{8b} Ibid. sess. xiv. c. 5. p. 148.

{8c} Ibid. sess. xiv. c. 7. p. 153.

{8d} Ibid. sess. xxiii. c 1. p. 279.

{8e} Ibid. sess. xxiii. a 3. p. 280.

{8f} Ibid. sess. v. p. 12, 13.

{8g} Here let the reader mark the circumstance, alluded to in a preceding note.

_We have_ A DOCTRINAL SYSTEM _professedly resting upon_ A BASIS OF ASSERTED FACTS.

The DOCTRINAL SYSTEM comprehends _all the peculiarities of Popery_: the BASIS OF ASSERTED FACTS is _the unanimous teaching of those peculiarities both by Holy Scripture and by the whole body of the Fathers_.

Now, if, _simply as an historical matter of fact_, the peculiarities of Popery be _not_ taught by Holy Scripture, and by the whole body of the Fathers, will Dr. Norris and Dr. Doyle have the goodness to tell us; how, on the declared principles of the Council of Trent, we are to estimate the _value_ of those same peculiarities?

{9} Faith of Cathol. p. 154, 155.

{11a} Concil. Trident. sess. xiii. c. 1, 3, 4, 5. can. 1, 2, 3, 4. p. 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 130. sess. xxii. c. 2. can. 1, 3. p. 239, 240, 244.

{11b} John vi. 51–63.

{12a} Matt. xxvi. 26–29.

{12b} Thus formally interprets Theodoret. See below, § in. 9. (1.)

{13a} 1. Corinth, xi. 23–28.

{14a} Clem. Alex. Pœdag. lib. ii. c. 2. Oper. p. 156.

{14b} Ibid. p. 158.

{15a} Tertull. de anim. Oper. p. 653.

{15b} Tertull. de resurr. carn. § xxviii. Oper. p. 69.

{15c} Tertull. adv. Marcion. lib. i. § 9. Oper. p. 155.

{16a} Athan. in illud Evan. Quicunque dixerit. Oper. vol. i. 771, 772.

{16b} Euseb. Demons. Evan. lib. viii. c. 2. p. 236.

{16c} Ibid. p. 236.

{16d} Ambros. Officior. lib. i. c. 48. Oper. col. 33.

{16e} Macar. Ægypt. Homil. xxvii. For the scripturally determined sense of the word _Antitype_, see, in the original Greek, Heb. ix. 24.

{17a} Gregor. Nyssen. in Baptism. Christ Oper. vol. ii. p. 801, 802.

{17b} Cyril. Hieros. Catech. Mystag. v. p. 244.

{17c} Ibid. iii. p. 235.

{18a} August. cont. Adimant. c. xii. Oper. vol. v.. pi 69.

{18b} August. cont. Maximin. lib. iii. c. 22. Oper. vol. vi. p. 275.

{18c} August. Enarr. in Psalm. xcviii. Oper. vol. viii. p. 397.

{18d} August de Doctrin. Christian. lib. iii. c. 15, 16.

{19a} Theodoret. Dial. i. Oper. vol. iv. p. 17, 18.

{19b} Ibid. Dial. ii. Oper. vol. iv. p. 84, 85.

{19c} Gelas. de duab. Christ. natur. in Biblioth. Patr. vol. iv. p. 422.

{20a} Vacund. Defens. Concil. Chalced. lib. ix. c. 5. Oper. p. 144.

{20b} Ephrœm. Theopolitan. apud Phot. Bibl. cod. ccxxix. p. 794.

{20c} Bed. Comment. in Psalm. iii.

{20d} Amalar. de Eccles. Offic. in Præfat.

{21a} Amalar. de Eccles. Offic. lib. i. c. 24.

{21b} Walaf. Strab de Reb. Eccles. c. xiv

{21c} Raban. Mogunt. Epist. ad Heribald. de Euchar. c. xxxii.

{22} Bertram. de corp. et sanguin. Domin. p. 203, 205, 213, 214.

{24} Concil. Trident. sess. xxv. p. 505, 506. Profess. Fid. Trident. in Syllog. Confess. p. 4.

{25} Rev. xiv. 13

{26a} 2 Macc. xii. 43–46.

{26b} 2 Macc. xiv. 37–46; xv. 37, 38.

{26c} 2 Macc. xii. 39–42. Concil. Trident. sess. xiv. c. 1, 5. p. 144, 148, 149. sess. xxv. p. 506.

{26d} Melit. Sardens. apud Euseb. Hist. Eccles. lib. iv. c. 25. Cyril. Hieros. Catech. iv. p. 37, 38. Ruffin. Expos. in Symbol. Apost. ad calc. Cyprian. Oper. p. 26, 27. Hieron. Prolog. Scriptur. Galeat. Oper. vol. iii. p. 287. Epiphan. de mensur. et ponderib. Oper. p. 300. Athan. Epist. Festal. xxxix. Oper. vol. ii. p. 44, 45. Athan. Succinct. Script. Synop. Oper. vol. ii. p. 61–63, 101, 133. Gregor. Magn. Moral. in Job. lib. xix. c. 13. As if in bitter mockery of the popish proof of the doctrine of a Purgatory from the second book of Maccabees, Ruffinus tells us, in the fifth century, that, although the apocryphal books might be read in churches for edification, they were not to be controversially adduced as any authority for the settlement of a point of faith and doctrine. Pope Gregory says the same.

{27a} Cyril. Hieros. Catech. iv. p, 37.

{27b} Polycarp. Epist. ad Philipp. § 2, 7. Athenag. de Resurrect. Mortuor. Oper. p. 143–219. Iren. adv. hær. lib. v. c. 26. p. 356.

{28a} Clem. Rom. Epist. ad Corinth. ii. § 8. Ignat. Epist. ad Magnes. § 5. Justin. Dial. cum Tryph. Oper. p. 270. Hippolyt. e libr. adv. Græc. Oper. vol. i. p. 220, 221. Cyprian. ad Demetrian. Oper. vol. i. p. 196.

{28b} Tertull. de anim. Oper. p. 689. Cyril. Hieros. Catech. Mystag. v. p. 241. Ambros. Enarr. in Psalm l. Oper. col. 1286. August. de Fid. et Oper. c. xv. Oper. vol. iv. p. 28, 29. August de Ign. Purgat. serm. iv. Oper. vol. x. p. 382. August. de octo Dulcit. quæst. Oper. vol. iv. p. 250. August. Enarr. in Psalm ciii. conc. 3. Oper. vol. viii. p. 430. August. de Civ. Dei. lib. x. c. 25, 26.

{28c} Tertull. de. monogam. § 10. Oper. p. 578.

{29a} Rev. xx. 4–6.

{29b} Cyril. Hieros. Catech. Mystag. v. p. 241.

{30} Concil. Trident. sess. iv. p. 7, 8.

{31a} Matt. xv. 3–6.

{31b} See 1 Kings xix. 18. Job xxxi. 27. Hos. xiii. 2.

{31c} See Orig. cont. Cels. lib. vi. p. 284. Arnob. adv. Gent. lib. vi. p. 195. Lactant. Divin. Instit. lib. ii. § 2. p. 141.

{32a} Concil. Trident. sess. xxv. p. 507, 508.

{32b} Coloss. ii. 6–8.

{32c} Deut. iv. 2.

{32d} Isaiah viii. 20.

{32e} Galat. i. 8.

{33a} 2 Tim. iii. 15–17.

{33b} 2 Thess. iii. 6.

{33c} Thess. ii. 15.

{33d} Corinth. xi. 2.

{34} Iren. adv. hær. lib. iii. c. l. p. 169.

{35a} Iren. adv. hær. lib. iii. c. 2. p. 169.

{35b} Tertull. adv. Hermog. § 12. Oper. p. 346.

{35c} Hippol. cont. Noet. § ix. Oper. vol. ii. p. 12, 13.

{35d} Cyprian. Epist. lxxiv. Oper. vol. ii. p. 211.

{36a} Cyril. Hieros. Catech. iv. p. 30.

{36b} Athan. Orat. cont. gent. Oper. vol. i. p. 1.

{36c} Athan. ad Serap. Oper. vol. i. p. 359.

{36d} Athan. de incar. Christ. Oper. vol. i. p. 484.

{36e} Athan. Epist. Fest. xxxix. Oper. vol. ii. p. 45.

{36f} Athan. Epist. ad Serap. Oper. vol. ii. p. 29.

{37a} Athan. de S. Trin. dial. ii. Oper. vol. ii. p. 172.

{37b} Basil. de Ver. Fid. Oper. vol. ii. p. 386.

{37c} Basil. Homil. de Trin. xxix.

{37d} Hieron. adv. Helvid. c. ix. Oper. vol. ii. p. 116.

{37e} Hieron. ad Demet. de virgin. Oper. vol. ix. p. 4.

{37f} August. cont. Crescon. lib. ii. c. 32. Oper. vol. vii. p. 160.

{40a} Concil. Trident. sess. xiv. c. 9. p. 158, 159.

{40b} Luke xvi. 10.

{40c} Luke xviii. 10–14.

{40d} Rom. ii. 27, 28.

{40e} Rom. iv. 2–5.

{41a} Rom. v. 1.

{41b} Rom. x. 3.

{41c} Isaiah lxiv. 6.

{41d} Clem. Roman. Epist. ad Corinth, i. § 32.

{41e} Epist. ad Diognet. in Oper. Justin Martyr. p. 386.

{42a} Ambros. Comment. in Psalm. cxviii. (cxix.) serm. xx. ver. 4. Oper. col. 1595.

{42b} Ambros. de poenit. lib. ii. c. 8. Oper. col. 191.

{42c} August. Enarr. in Psalm. lxx. Oper. vol. viii. p. 277.

{45} Concil. Trident. sess. xxv. p. 507, 508.

{46a} S. Thom. Aquin. part. iii. q. 25. art 4.

{46b} Jacob. Naclant. Ciug. Expos. Epist. ad Roman. cap. i.

{47a} Gabriel. Biel. super Can. Miss. lect. xlix.

{47b} Pet. de Medran. Roset. Theolog. p. 311.

{47c} Aring. Rom. Subt. lib. v. c. 4.

{47d} Ibid. vol. ii. p. 464.

{48a} Breviar. Rom. Hebdom. 4. Quadrag. die sabbat.

{48b} Collect. in Hor. ad usum Sarum. fol. 30.

{48c} Ibid. fol. 33.

{48d} Offic. parv. beat. Mar. p. 127.

{48e} Collect. in Hor. ad. usum Sarum. for. 77.

{48f} Ibid. fol. 77.

{48g} Ibid. fol. 80.

{49a} The Devotion of the sacred heart of Jesus, including the Devotion to the sacred heart of the blessed Virgin Mary; with an Appendix and the indult of Pope Pius VII. in favour of it; for the use of the midland district. Edit. 12. p. 212, 213. Keating and Brown, 1821.

{49b} Ibid. p. 206. See also p. 293.

{50} You pagans allege, says Arnobius, that YOU WORSHIP THE GODS THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF IMAGES—You tell us, that THEY RECEIVE YOUR PRAYERS THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF A SORT OF GO-BETWEENS. Arnob. adv. gent. lib. vi. p. 1 95. We do not fear the images themselves, the Pagans tell us, says Lactantius; but those beings, after whose similitude they are fashioned, and by whose names they are consecrated. Lactant. Divin. Instit. lib. ii. § 2. p. 141.

{51a} Exod. xx. 4–6.

{51b} Deuter. xxvii. 15.

{51c} Isa. xliv. 9. See also Psalm cxxxv. 15–18.

{51d} Isa. xliv. 19.

{51e} Habak. ii. 18, 19.

{51f} Mat. lv. 10.

{52a} Coloss. ii. 18.

{52b} Rev. xxii. 8, 9.

{52c} Acts xiv. 10–15.

{53a} Epist. Eccles. Smyrn. § 17, 18.

{53b} Clem. Alex. Strom. lib. vii. Oper. p. 714.

{53c} Clem. Alex. Admon. ad Gent. Oper. p. 34.

{53d} Minuc. Fel. Octav. p. 91.

{53e} Ibid. p. 284.

{53f} Orig. cont. Cels. lib. viii. p. 389.

{53g} Ibid. lib. vi. p. 284.

{54a} Concil. Elib. can. xxxvi.

{54b} Athan. cont. Arian. Orat. iv. Oper. vol. i. p. 275.

{54c} August. de ver. relig. c. lv. Oper. vol. i. p. 317.

{54d} August de. morib. Eccles. Cathol. lib. i. c. 34.

{54e} Epiphan. cont. hær. lib. iii. tom. ii. hær. 79.

{55a} Concil. Trident. sess. vii. p. 87. sess. xiv. c. 3. p. 162. sess. xxii. c. 8. p. 243.

{55b} Profess. Fid. Trident. in syllog. Confess. p. 5.

{56} Matt. xvi. 18, 19.

{58a} Iren. adv. hær. lib. iii. c. 3. p. 170, 171.

{58b} Constit. Apost. lib. vii. c. 46.

{59a} Scalig. in. Joan. xviii. 31.

{59b} Concil. Trident. sess. xiii. cap. l. p. 123.

{60a} Johan. Scot. in 4 sent. dist. xi. q. 3. Biel. in Can. Miss. lect. 40. Occam. Centil. lib. iv. q. 6. et in 4 sent. dist. xi. q. 6. Petr. ab. Alliac. Camerac. in 4 sent. dist. xi. q. 6. art. 1, 2. Cajet. in Th. p. 3. q. lxxv. art. l. q. xlv. art. 14. Fisher. Roffens. cont. Luther. de capt. Babyl. c. 1.

{60b} Concil. Trident. sess. xxv. p. 505, 506.

{60c} Trevern’s Discuss. Amic. vol. ii. p. 242.

{60d} Fisher. Roffens. cont. Luther. art. xviii. Oper. p. 496.

{60e} Barn. Catholico-Rom. Pacif. sect. ix. litt. D. ad fin. Paralip.

{60f} Picherell. de Miss. c. ii. p. 150.

{61a} Concil. Trident sess. xxv. p. 507.

{61b} Petav. Dogmat. Theol. lib. xv. c. 13. n. 3.

{61c} See Stillingfleet’s Rational Account of the Grounds of Protest. Relig. part. iii. chap. 3. § 19. p. 590.

{61d} Albert. Pigh. Hierarch. Eccles. lib. vi. c. 1, 4.

{62a} Concil. Trident. sess. v. p. 12, 13. sess. xxiii. c 3. p. 280.

{62b} Pamph. p. 9, 10. For a full account of this fatal, though very true, acknowledgment, extorted from Mr. Husenbeth by my repeated demand of _distinct evidence from the writers of the three first centuries_, see my Difficulties of Roman. book i. chap. 7. 2d edit. The futile attempts of Bp. Trevern and Mr. Berington to bring, from the same early period, a shadow of testimony to their peculiarities, are, in the same Work, exposed and exploded. Should any of Mr. Husenbeth’s clerical brethren refuse to be bound by his confession, let them, if they _can_, come forward and trace their doctrines up to the Apostles through the successive writings of the Fathers of the three first centuries.

{63a} Ind. Expurg. Belg. p. 54. For the original Latin, see Diff. of Rom. p. 346. 2d edit.

{63b} See above, chap. ii. § III. 18.

{64a} Ind. Expurg. Belg. p. 54.

{64b} Hist. des Variat. livr. iv. § 32.

{64c} Elfric has plainly borrowed both the turn and the sentiment of the present erased passage from Augustine. See above, chap. ii. § III. 9. (3.)

{64d} See Soames’s Hist. of the Reform. vol. iii. p. 165, 166: and Stewart’s Protest. Layman. p. 322, 323, 324.

{65a} Bp. Taylor’s Dissuasive from Popery, chap. i. sect. 1.

{65b} See above, chap. ii. §. III. 10. (2.)

{65c} Berington’s Faith of Cathol. p. 240. Trevern’s Ans. to Diffic. of Roman. p. 270. Husenbeth’s Reply to Supplem. p. 243.

{66a} Cyril. Hieros. Catech. Myst. v. p. 241. Discuss. Amic. vol. ii. p. 87.

{66b} Tract. de Sacram. lib. iv. c. 4. Discuss. Amic. vol. ii. p. 92.

{66c} Cyprian. Epist. lv. vol. ii. p. 109, 110.

{67} Berington’s Faith of Cathol. p. 355. Trevern’s Discuss. Amic. vol. ii. p. 243.

{68a} Husenbeth’s Defence of the Creed and Discip. of the Cath. Church. chap. iii. p. 69.

{68b} Husenbeth’s Defence of Creed. chap. ii. p. 41, 42.

{69a} Trevern’s Discuss. Amic. vol. i. p. 407. Trevern’s Answ. to Diff. of Rom. p. 202. Husenbeth’s Reply to Supplem. p. 273.

{69b} See my Diffic. of Roman, p. 526–529. 2d. edit.

{71a} Index Expurg. Madr. 1612. in indice libr. expurg. p. 39.

{71b} Bp. Taylor’s Dissuasive from Popery, chap. i. sect. I.

{71c} Sixtus Senensis, in Epistola dedicatoria ad Pium Quintum, laudat Pontificem in hæc verba: _Expurgari et emaculari curasti_, _omnium catholicorum scriptorum_, _ac præcipuè veterum Patrum_, _scripta_. See Bp. Taylor’s Dissuas. from Poper. ch. i. sect. 1.