Chapter XLII: The Dawn of the Twentieth Century

The Century's Wonderful Stages--Progress in Education--The
Education of Women--Occupation and Suffrage
for Women--Peace Proposition of the Emperor of
Russia--The Peace Conference at The Hague--Progress in
Science--Political Evolution--Territorial Progress of the
Nations--Probable Future of English Speech--A Telephone
Newspaper--Among the Dull-Minded Peoples--Limitations to
Progress--Probable Lines of Future Activity--Industry in
the Twentieth Century--The King, the Priest and the Cash
Box--The New Psychology 617

LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

Progress of the Nineteenth Century _Frontispiece_

Duke of Chartres at the Battle of Jemappes 21

Battle of Chateau-Gontier 22

Death of Marat 31

Last Victims of the Reign of Terror 32

Marie Antoinette Led to Execution 37

The Battle of Rivoli 38

Napoleon Crossing the Alps 47

Napoleon and the Mummy of Pharaoh 48

Napoleon Bonaparte 53

The Meeting of Two Sovereign 54

The Death of Admiral Nelson 59

Murat at the Battle of Jena 60

The Battle of Eylau 69

The Battle of Friedland 70

The Order to Charge at Friedland 79

Napoleon and the Queen of Prussia at Tilsit 80

Marshal Ney Retreating from Russia 89

General Blücher's Fall at Ligny 90

The Battle of Dresden, August 26 and 27, 1813 94

Famous English Novelists 95

The Eve of Waterloo 99

Wellington at Waterloo Giving the Word to Advance 100

Retreat of Napoleon from Waterloo 109

The Remnant of an Army 110

Illustrious Leaders of England's Navy and Army 119

James Watt, the Father of the Steam Engine 120

Great English Historians and Prose Writers 129

Famous Popes of the Century 130

Great English Statesmen (Plate I) 139

Britain's Sovereign and Heir Apparent to the Throne 140

Popular Writers of Fiction In England 149

Great English Statesmen (Plate II) 150

Potentates of the East 159

Landing in the Crimea and the Battle of Alma 160

The Congress at Berlin, June 13, 1878 169

The Wounding of General Bosquet 170

The Battle of Champigny 179

Noble Sons of Poland and Hungary 180

Noted French Authors 189

Napoleon III. at the Battle of Solferino 190

Great Italian Patriots 199

The Zouaves Charging the Barricades at Mentana 200

Noted German Emperors 209

Renowned Sons of Germany 210

The Storming of Garsbergschlosschen 219

Crown Prince Frederick at the Battle of Froschwiller 220

Present Kings of Four Countries 229

Great Men of Modern France 230

Russia's Royal Family and Her Literary Leader 257

Four Champions of Ireland's Cause 258

Dreyfus, His Accusers and Defenders 281

The Dreyfus Trial 282

The Bombardment of Alexandria 291

Battle Between England and the Zulus, South Africa 292

The Battle of Majuba Hill, South Africa 301

Two Opponents in the Transvaal War 302

Typical American Novelists 307

Two Powerful Men of the Orient 308

Four American Presidents 409

Great American Orators and Statesmen 410

The Battle of Resaca de la Palma 419

Great American Historians and Biographers 420

Great Men of the Civil War in America 445

The Attack on Fort Donelson 446

General Lee's Invasion of the North 455

The Sinking of the Alabama, etc. 456

The Surrender of General Lee 465

The Electoral Commission Which Decided Upon Election of
President Hayes 466

Prominent American Political Leaders 475

Noted American Journalists and Magazine Contributors 476

The U.S. Battleship "Oregon" 483

In the War-Room at Washington 484

Leading Commanders of the American Navy, Spanish-American War 487

Leading Commanders of the American Army 488

Prominent Spaniards in 1898 497

Popular Heroes of the Spanish-American War 498

The Surrender of Santiago 501

United States Peace Commissioners of the Spanish-American War 502

Illustrious Sons of Canada 521

Great Explorers in the Tropics and Arctics 522

Inventors of the Locomotive and the Electric Telegraph 539

Edison Perfecting the First Phonograph 540

The Hero of the Strike, Coal Creek, Tenn. 557

Arbitration 558

Illustrious Men of Science in the Nineteenth Century 575

Pasteur in His Laboratory 576

Great Poets of England 589

Great American Poets 590

Count Tolstoi at Literary Work 603

New Congressional Library at Washington, D. C. 604

Famous Cardinals of the Century 615

Noted Preachers and Writers of Religious Classics 616

Greater New York 629

Delegates to the Universal Peace Conference at The Hague, 1899 630

Key to above 631

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF PORTRAITS

PAGE

Abbott, Lyman 476
Adams, John Quincy 409
Agassiz, Louis 575
Aguinaldo, Emilio 308
Albert Edward, (Prince of Wales) 140
Austin, Alfred 589

Balfour, A. J. 150
Bancroft, George 420
Barrie, James M. 149
Beecher, Henry Ward 410
Besant, Walter 149
Bismarck, Karl Otto Von 210
Black, William 149
Blaine, James G. 475
Blanco, Ramon 497
Bright, John 139
Browning, Robert 589
Bryan, William Jennings 475
Bryant, William Cullen 590
Bryce, James 150

Caine, T. Hall 149
Carlyle, Thomas 129
Cervera, (Admiral) 497
Chamberlain, Joseph 302
Christian IX, (King of Denmark) 229
Clay, Henry 410
Cleveland, Grover 475
Cooper, James Fenimore 307

Dana, Charles A. 476
Darwin, Charles 575
Davis, Cushman K. 502
Davis, Richard Harding 476
Davitt, Michael 258
Day, William R. 502
DeLesseps, Ferdinand 230
Depew, Chauncey M. 410
Dewey, George 487
Dickens, Charles 95
Disraeli, Benjamin 139
Dreyfus, (Captain), Alfred 281
Doyle, A. Conan 149
Drummond, Henry 616
Dumas, Alexander 189
DuMaurier, George 149

Eggleston, Edward 307
Emerson, Ralph Waldo 590
Esterhazy, Count Ferdinand W. 281
Everett, Edward 410

Farrar, Frederick W., (Canon) 616
Francis Joseph, (Emperor of Austria) 229
Froude, Richard H. 129
Frye, William P. 502

Gambetta, Leon 230
Garibaldi, Guiseppe 199
Gibbon, Edward 129
Gladstone, William Ewart 139
Gough, John B. 410
Grady, Henry W. 410
Grant, Ulysses S. 445
Gray, George 502
Greeley, Horace 476

Hale, Edward Everett 307
Halstead, Murat 476
Hawthorne, Nathaniel 307
Hawthorne, Julian 476
Healy, T. M. 258
Henry, Patrick 410
Henry, Lieutenant-Colonel 281
Hobson, Richmond Pearson 498
Holmes, Oliver Wendell 590
Howells, William Dean 307
Hugo, Victor 189
Humbert, (King of Italy) 229
Humboldt, F. H. Alexander von 575
Huxley, Thomas H. 575

Jackson, Andrew 409
Jefferson, Thomas 409

Kipling, Rudyard 149
Kosciusko, Thaddeus 180
Kossuth, Louis 180
Kruger, Paul 302

Labori, Maitre 281
Laurier, Sir Wilfrid 521
Lee, Robert E. 445
Lee, Fitzhugh 488
Leo XIII., (Pope) 130
Li Hung Chang 308
Lincoln, Abraham 445
Livingstone, David 522
Longfellow, Henry W. 590
Loubet (President of France) 230
Lowell, James Russell 590
Lytton, (Lord) Bulwer 95

McCarthy, Justin 150
Macaulay, Thomas B. 129
MacDonald, Sir John A. 521
MacDonald, George 149
McKinley, William 475
McMaster, John B. 420
Manning, Henry Edward (Cardinal) 615
Mercier, (General of French Army) 281
Merritt, Wesley 488
Miles, Nelson A. 488
Moltke, H. Karl B. von 210
Morley, John 150
Morse, Samuel F. B. 539
Motley, John L. 420

Nansen, (Dr.) Frithiof 522
Napoleon Bonaparte 53
Nelson, (Lord) Horatio 119
Newman, John Henry (Cardinal) 615
Nicholas II. and Family, (Czar of Russia) 257

O'Brien, William 258
Oscar II., (King of Sweden and Norway) 229
Otis, Elwell S. 498

Parnell, Charles Stewart 258
Parton, James 420
Pasteur, Louis, in his Laboratory 576
Peary, Lieutenant R. E. 522
Phillips, Wendell 410
Pitt, William, (Earl of Chatham) 139
Pius IX., (Pope) 130
Prescott, William H. 420

Reid, Whitelaw 476
Rios, Montero 497
Roosevelt, Theodore 498
Ruskin, John 129

Sagasta, Praxedes Mateo 497
Sampson, William T. 487
Schley, Winfield Scott 487
Scott, Sir Walter 95
Shafter, William R. 488
Shah of Persia 150
Shaw, Albert W. 476
Shelley, Percy B. 589
Sherman, William T. 445
Spurgeon, Charles H. 616
Stanley, Henry M. 522
Stephenson, George 539
Stevenson, Robert Louis 149
Sultan of Turkey 159

Taylor, Zachary 409
Tennyson, Alfred 589
Thackeray, William Makepeace 95
Thiers, Louis Adolphe 230
Thompson, Hon. J. S. D. 521
Tolstoi, Count Lyof Nikolaievitch 603
Trollope, Anthony 95
Tupper, Sir Charles 521

Victor Emmanuel (King of Italy) 199
Victoria (Queen of England) 140

Wallace, General Lew 307
Watson, John (Ian Maclaren) 616
Watson, John Crittenden 487
Watt, James 120
Watterson, Henry W. 476
Webster, Daniel 410
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley, (Duke) 119
Wheeler, Joseph 498
Whittier, John G. 590
William I., Emperor of Germany 209
William II., Emperor of Germany 209
Wordsworth, William 589

At Jemappes, in November, 1792, a battle was fought
between the French and Austrians. The Duke of Chartres
was Chief Lieutenant under General Dumouriez and
commanded the centre of attack. In 1830 the Duke was
made King of France, and on account of his peaceful
reign was known as the "Citizen's King." In 1848 he
abdicated the throne and soon after Napoleon III
became President of the new Republic.]