Chapter V: Patterns: Their Outlines and Cores 64

My earlier failures in classifying prints; their causes 64-66

The triangular plots 67

Outlines of patterns--eight sets of ten digits given as
examples 69-70

Supplies of ridges to pattern 71

Letters that read alike when reversed 71

Magnifying glasses, spectacles, etc. 72

Rolled impressions, their importance 73

Standard patterns, cores, and their nomenclature 74-77

Direction of twist, nomenclature 78

Arches, loops, whorls 78

Transitional cases 79

The nine genera 80

Measurements--by ridge-intervals; by aid of bearings like
compass 82-84

Purkenje--his _Commentatio_ and a translation of it in part 84-88

CHAPTER VI

PERSISTENCE 89

Evidence available 89

About thirty-five points of reference in each print 90

Photo-enlargement; orientation; tracing axes of ridges 90-91

Ambiguities in minutiae 91

V. H. Hd. as child and boy, a solitary change in one of
the minutiae 92

Eight couplets from other persons 93

One from Sir W. G. 95

Summary of 389 comparisons 96

Ball of a thumb 96

Results as to persistence 97

CHAPTER VII

EVIDENTIAL VALUE 100

Method of rough comparison 100

Chance against guessing a pattern 101

Number of independent elements in a print--squares
respectively of one, six, and five ridge-intervals in
side 101-103

Interpolation, three methods of 103-105

Local accidents inside square 107

Uncertainties outside it 109

Compound results 110

Effect of failure in one, two, or more prints 111

Final conclusions--Jezebel 112-113

CHAPTER VIII

PECULIARITIES OF THE DIGITS 114

Frequency per cent of arches, loops, and whorls
generally, and on the several digits 114-115

Characteristic groups of digits 116-118

Relationships between the digits 119

Centesimal scale of relationship 124-126

Digits of same and of different names 130