Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk Counties, Kansas

Chapter III: Part 3

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| Big Caney River Grouse Creek
|------------------------+-----------------------
| Lower | Middle | Upper | Lower | Middle | Upper
-------------------+-------+--------+-------+-------+--------+------
_L. osseus_ | .7 | .5 | | .6 | .02 |
_D. cepedianum_ | .3 | | | | .02 |
_Carpiodes carpio_ | .06 | | | 1.0 | |
_I. bubalus_ | .6 | .45 | | 1.4 | |
_I. cyprinella_ | | | | .1 | |
_I. niger_ | .01 | | | | |
_M. erythrurum_ | .2 | 1.1 | 1.0 | .03 | .5 | 1.1
_M. melanops_ | .1 | .01 | | | .1 |
_Cyprinus carpio_ | .7 | | | 1.3 | .2 |
_C. anomalum_ | .6 | 5.9 | 18.0 | | .1 |
_N. boops_ | .6 | .6 | 5.1 | | 1.3 |
_N. buchanani_ | | | | .01 | |
_N. camurus_ | 6.4 | 5.5 | .4 | | |
_N. lutrensis_ | 8.8 | 1.0 | .5 | 6.4 | 11.4 | 15.2
_N. percobromus_ | | | | 1.1 | |
_N. rubellus_ | .4 | 1.4 | 3.9 | | |
_N. umbratilis_ | 17.6 | 28.3 | 15.4 | 2.5 | 3.9 | 5.5
_N. volucellus_ | .3 | .4 | | | .3 |
_P. mirabilis_ | .3 | | | | |
_P. notatus_ | 3.5 | 5.7 | 13.0 | | .9 | 6.6
_P. vigilax_ | .8 | | | | |
_P. promelas_ | | | | | | 2.9
_P. tenellus_ | .7 | .5 | | .01 | |
_G. affinis_ | 14.6 | .4 | .4 | 20.8 | 10.2 | 1.0
_F. notatus_ | .1 | | | 6.6 | 17.2 | 1.4
_I. melas_ | .9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 18.0
_I. natalis_ | | | .5 | .5 | .8 |
_P. olivaris_ | .01 | | | .01 | |
_I. punctatus_ | .3 | | | .4 | |
_E. spectabile_ | 1.9 | 4.9 | 18.0 | .4 | .3 | .3
_P. copelandi_ | .8 | .1 | | .01 | |
_P. phoxocephala_ | .1 | | | .1 | |
_P. caprodes_ | .4 | .6 | .2 | .2 | .2 | .4
_M. salmoides_ | .06 | | | | 1.1 | .3
_M. punctulatus_ | .5 | 1.7 | .4 | | |
_P. annularis_ | 3.9 | .8 | | 2.9 | 4.2 | .3
_L. cyanellus_ | 3.4 | .8 | 6.6 | 5.2 | 1.8 | 30.5
_L. humilis_ | 10.6 | 13.1 | 1.8 | 31.4 | 17.7 | 14.8
_L. megalotis_ | 12.4 | 22.3 | 12.0 | 3.6 | 14.0 | 1.7
_L. macrochirus_ | .3 | | | .2 | 1.3 |
_A. grunniens_ | .1 | | | | |
_L. sicculus_ | 7.1 | 1.6 | .4 | 7.7 | 10.2 |
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_Big Caney River_

The "lower segment" of Big Caney River is immediately upstream from Hulah Reservoir, and is not the lowermost portion of the entire river basin, but merely the lower part of the river in the area studied. A conspicuous characteristic of the lower segment was the general restriction of the deep-bodied suckers and the carp to this part of the stream. Other fishes that were most common in the lower section were _Pimephales vigilax_, _Percina phoxocephala_, _Gambusia affinis_, and _Aplodinotus grunniens_. _Labidesthes sicculus_ and _Lepisosteus osseus_ ranged into the middle section of the stream, but were present in larger numbers downstream. _Ictalurus punctatus_, _Pomoxis annularis_, and _Lepomis macrochirus_ were taken chiefly in downstream habitats; however, stocking has confused the distributional pattern of these species. _Notropis lutrensis_, although found throughout the system, progressively declined in numbers taken in the middle and upper sections. Approximately 18 species were usually taken in downstream collections.

No species were found exclusively in the middle section of the Big Caney system. _Micropterus punctulatus_, _Notropis umbratilis_, and _Lepomis megalotis_ tended to be most common in the middle section of the main stream. These three species were taken together at stations C-5, C-6, C-8, and C-10.

The upper section yielded no species that did not occur also in another section. Fishes most abundant in the upper section included: _Campostoma anomalum_, _Etheostoma spectabile_, _Notropis boops_, _Notropis rubellus_, _Pimephales notatus_, and _Lepomis cyanellus_. _Ictalurus natalis_ also seemed more common upstream than in lower parts of the basin.

_Campostoma anomalum_ was one of the most common fishes taken at many of the stations on small upland tributaries. In downstream collections its relative abundance was less, although it was often concentrated on riffles.

In the Big Caney system as a whole _Notropis umbratilis_ was the most abundant species. Several species were present throughout the system in proportions varying, sometimes greatly, from station to station. _Lepomis megalotis_ and _Lepomis humilis_ were erratic in occurrence, and the numbers of _Notropis camurus_ and _Ictalurus melas_ varied without pattern.

_Grouse Creek_

The fauna of the main stream of Grouse Creek fluctuated more in number and kinds of fish from station to station than did the fauna of Big Caney River. Again, the deep-bodied suckers showed downstream proclivities. In addition, _Notropis buchanani_, _Pimephales tenellus_, _Percina copelandi_, _Percina phoxocephala_, _Notropis percobromus_ and _Pylodictis olivaris_ were taken only at the lowermost station (G-1). At stations G-2 and G-3 the creek is sluggish and often turbid, meandering between high mud banks in a flood plain. At these stations _Fundulus notatus_, _Gambusia affinis, La_-_bidesthes sicculus_, _Ictalurus melas,_ and _Lepomis humilis_ were the most common fishes. Shiners (_Notropis_ spp.) and _Lepomis megalotis_ were rarely taken. Hall (1953:36) states that _Gambusia affinis_, _Fundulus notatus_, and _Labidesthes sicculus_ are usually associated with overflow pools, oxbows, and vegetated backwaters.

Those fishes mentioned in the preceding paragraph remained common in the middle section of the stream. In addition _Notropis lutrensis_, _Notropis umbratilis_, and _Lepomis megalotis_ were important members of the fauna.

In the uppermost section shiners (_Notropis_ spp.) were common. In the few upstream stations that were still in good condition with clear flowing water, the fauna resembled that of the upstream stations on Big Caney River. Most upstream stations on Grouse Creek were located on highly intermittent streams that are treated below.

FAUNAS OF INTERMITTENT STREAMS

Because of severe, protracted drought, most of the streams studied had ceased to flow by the close of the survey period. However, the duration of intermittency varied greatly in different streams, as did its effect in terms of the number and sizes of residual pools, water temperatures, pollution, and turbidity. Crab Creek, Beaver Creek, and a small unnamed tributary of Grouse Creek were severely affected by intermittency. Their faunas are discussed below.

In Crab Creek six collections were made from points near the mouth to the uppermost pool in which water was found. Pools near the mouth were as large as thirty feet in width and ninety feet in length, while those that were uppermost were shallow puddles averaging ten feet in length and five feet in width. The uppermost station was situated in bluestem pasture without benefit of shade from trees.

The species taken and their relative abundances based on five seine hauls at each station are shown in Table 7. At the uppermost pool (G-17) only small green sunfish were found. At G-16, next downstream, this species was joined by large numbers of black bullheads and a few redfin shiners and red shiners. G-13 was similar to G-16, but two additional species occurred there. G-12 was a clear, deep pool much larger than any at the stations upstream. Here, seven species were added to the fauna, and the percentages of _Ictalurus melas_ and _Lepomis cyanellus_ were much less. At G-10 _Fundulus notatus_, _Labidesthes sicculus_, and _Minytrema melanops_ appeared. Nevertheless, fewer species (10) were captured here than at station G-12 upstream.

TABLE 7.--PERCENTAGES OF FISHES TAKEN ON CRAB CREEK.

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Stations | G-10 | G-11 | G-12 | G-13 | G-16 | G-17
--------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------
_Minytrema melanops_ | 8.7 | | | | |
_Labidesthes sicculus_ | 20.0 | 1.0 | | | |
_Fundulus notatus_ | 25.7 | 41.0 | | | |
_Ictalurus natalis_ | | 3.8 | .43| | |
_Pomoxis annularis_ | 8.8 | 11.8 | 1.9 | | |
_Lepomis humilis_ | 15.45| 9.9 | 8.5 | | |
_Micropterus salmoides_ | | | 1.9 | | |
_Etheostoma spectabile_ | 1.0 | | 1.9 | | |
_Percina caprodes_ | | | 3.8 | | |
_Moxostoma erythrurum_ | 1.0 | | 7.0 | | |
_Lepomis megalotis_ | 5.7 | 2.3 | 7.0 | 2.0 | |
_Pimephales notatus_ | | 34.0 | 9.0 | | |
_Ictalurus melas_ | 5.3 | .5 | 29.0 | 49.0 | |
_Notropis umbratilis_ | | 4.7 | 9.0 | 1.0 | |
_Notropis lutrensis_ | 20.6 | 26.0 | 25.0 | 14.0 | 1.0 |
_Lepomis cyanellus_ | 1.0 | | 1.9 | 34.0 | 49.0 | 100.0
--------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------

TABLE 8.--FISH TAKEN IN NINE POOLS ON UPPER BEAVER CREEK
(PROGRESSING FROM DOWNSTREAM TO UPSTREAM).

A series of collections similar to that on Crab Creek was carried out along 1-1/2 miles of Beaver Creek on July 22, 1956. Nine pools were sampled (Table 8) of which number nine was the uppermost point where water was found (except for farm ponds). Mainly young of _Lepomis cyanellus_ and _Ictalurus melas_ were found in the uppermost stations, as on Crab Creek. Only adults of _Notropis lutrensis_ and _Notropis umbratilis_ were taken.

In another small intermittent tributary of Grouse Creek two collections (G-14 and G-15) were made. One was from several isolated pools near the source of the creek and the other was 1-1/2 miles upstream from the mouth. The two stations were approximately four miles apart. Table 9 indicates approximate percentages of fish taken in five seine hauls at these stations.

TABLE 9.--FISHES TAKEN IN A TRIBUTARY OF GROUSE CREEK.

At two other stations, only _Lepomis cyanellus_ was found. One of these stations consisted of several small spring-fed pools in a dry arroyo tributary to Little Beaver Creek. Around these small "oases" rushes and smartweeds grew and blackbirds were nesting in the rushes. Although green sunfish up to eight inches in length were common in the shallow pools, no other species was found. The second station (C-17) on the East Fork Big Caney River is of special interest. The pool was isolated, had dimensions of about 25x25 feet, and had an average depth of 15 inches. The water was foul; cows had been fed fodder in a sheltered area above the pool during the preceding winter and the entire bottom was covered to a depth of 6 inches to 1 foot with a detritus of decomposing fodder, cattle feces, and leaves. The water became almost inky in consistency when the bottom was stirred and its odor was offensive. A thick gray-green bloom lay on the surface. This bloom was full of bubbles indicating gases rising from the bottom muds. One hundred fifty-three green sunfish, all less than 5 inches in length, were taken in one seine-haul at this station.

EAST-WEST DISTRIBUTION

In the Arkansas River system in Kansas there are marked differences between fish faunas of the western and eastern parts of the state. This can be illustrated by comparison of Spring River in Cherokee County with the Cimarron River in southwestern Kansas. Single collections from Spring River or its tributaries usually contain 25 or more species of fish. Collections from the Cimarron rarely contain more than five or six species. Many of those fishes found in Spring River are characteristic of an Ozarkian fauna, and some are endemic to the Ozark uplands. Fish found in the Cimarron or Arkansas in western Kansas are members of a plains fauna of wide distribution. There is mingling of these two faunal groups across the state, with the number of Ozarkian species diminishing westward, and certain plains species diminishing eastward. A number of species such as _Moxostoma duquesnii_ and _Notropis spilopterus_ are limited, on the basis of present records, to Spring River and its tributaries in Kansas. Others have not been taken west of the Neosho drainage. The Verdigris River provides the next major avenue of westward dispersal followed by Caney River, Grouse Creek, and the Walnut River. West of the Walnut River system Ozarkian species have been almost always absent from collections. The Chikaskia River is somewhat exceptional. Moore and Buck (1953) reported from this river several species that seem more typical of eastern faunal associations. Table 10 indicates the stream system in which the present westernmost records are located for a number of fishes found in the Arkansas River system in Kansas.

TABLE 10.--PRESENT WESTERNMOST RECORDS OF SOME FISHES IN THE
ARKANSAS RIVER BASIN IN KANSAS.

Spring River
_Cottus carolinae_
_Dionda nubila_
_Etheostoma blennioides_
_Etheostoma gracile_
_Etheostoma nigrum nigrum_
_Etheostoma punctulatum_
_Etheostoma saxatile_
_Hypentelium nigricans_
_Moxostoma duquesnii_
_Notropis spilopterus_
_Noturus exilis_

Neosho River
_Cycleptus elongatus_
_Etheostoma chlorosomum_
_Etheostoma flabellare lineolatum_
_Hybopsis amblops_
_Hybopsis biguttata_
_Hybopsis x-punctata_
_Notropis zonatus pilsbryi_

Verdigris River
_Etheostoma whipplii_
_Etheostoma zonale arcansanum_
_Percina copelandi_
_Moxostoma carinatum_
_Notropis boops_
_Notropis volucellus_
_Noturus miurus_

Chikaskia River
_Ictalurus natalis_
_Percina phoxocephala_
_Labidesthes sicculus_
_Lepomis megalotis breviceps_
_Micropterus punctulatus_
_Moxostoma aureolum pisolabrum_
_Moxostoma erythrurum_
_Notropis camurus_
_Pimephales notatus_
_Pimephales tenellus_
_Noturus nocturnus_

The westernmost records for seven species are in the area studied.

1. _Lepisosteus platostomus._

2. _Carpiodes velifer._

3. _Moxostoma carinatum._

4. _Minytrema melanops._ One specimen taken at station G-10 near the mouth of Crab Creek constitutes the present westernmost record. A specimen has been taken by Cross (C-24-51) in the headwaters of the Walnut River.

5. _Notropis boops._ The westernmost record is station G-5 on Grouse Creek. This fish has been reported slightly west of this in Oklahoma on Big Beaver Creek in Kay County (number 4776, Oklahoma A & M College Museum of Zoology).

6. _Notropis volucellus._ Two specimens were taken at station G-8 on Silver Creek.

7. _Percina copelandi._ The westernmost record is from station G-1, two miles above the mouth of Grouse Creek.

The easternmost occurrences of four species are in the area studied. These species are _Hybopsis aestivalis tetranemus_ (Station A-2), _Notropis blennius_ (Station A-1), _Notropis girardi_ (Station A-2), and _Fundulus kansae_ (Station A-2 and Walnut River). These fish are associated with the Arkansas River proper and its sandy western tributaries. In Oklahoma, these fish are found in the Arkansas River as it proceeds eastward and in the downstream portions of some of its tributaries. These fish show little tendency to ascend the streams of the Flint Hills.

SUMMARY

The fish fauna of the area studied is transitional between the Ozarkian and Great Plains faunas.

Fluctuation in water level seemed especially important in determining distribution of fishes in the area studied. Variable climate characteristic of the region studied causes recurrent floods and intermittency in streams. Both of these conditions have probably been accentuated by man's modifications of the habitat. The effects of intermittency were most strikingly demonstrated in small creeks of the uplands. The number of species of fish in the highly intermittent streams was small--especially in the uppermost pools sampled--but the actual number of fish was often high even though the number of species was low. In several instances the only fishes found in these isolated pools were _Lepomis cyanellus_ and _Ictalurus melas_. This phenomenon of concentrated numbers of individuals of a few species would indicate the presence of limiting factors that allow only those species most tolerant of the particular factor to flourish.

Soon after rains restored flow in these intermittent creeks _L. cyanellus_ and _I. melas_ appeared in parts of the channels that had previously been several miles from the nearest water. Rapid upstream movements of other species after rains was also noted.

It was impossible to ascertain the precise effects of gradient and bottom-type on distribution, but certain species such as _Notropis blennius_, _Notropis girardi_, and _Fundulus kansae_ were taken only in streams with sandy bottoms. _Notropis deliciosus_ and _Hybognathus placita_ were most abundant over sandy bottoms.

The high gradient of upland tributaries in the Flint Hills area produced turbulence and bottoms predominantly of rubble. A fauna of which _Etheostoma spectabile_ and _Campostoma anomalum_ were characteristic existed in these waters while they were flowing. As flow decreased and intermittency commenced, qualitative and quantitative changes in the fish faunas were observed. Gradient did not change during drought, but turbulence did. Because turbulence varies with water level as well as gradient, the effect of gradient on fish distribution ultimately is linked to climate.

Probably the small number of fish taken on the Walnut River in comparison with other eastern Kansas rivers (Verdigris, Neosho) results, in part, from the long-term pollution of the stream noted by Clapp (1920:33) and Doze (1924). No percid fishes, black bass, or madtom catfish were taken on the Walnut in Cowley County and the species of _Notropis_ numbered only three.

Four faunal associations seem to be recognizable in the area.

_Arkansas River Fauna_

This fauna contained _Notropis girardi_, _Notropis blennius_, _Hybopsis aestivalis tetranemus_, and _Fundulus kansae_ which, in this area, did not seem to wander far from the sandy main stream of the Arkansas. Minnows abounded; _Notropis lutrensis_ and _N. deliciosus missuriensis_ predominated; and _Notropis girardi_, _N. percobromus_, and _Hybognathus placita_ were common. In quiet backwaters, coves, and shallow pools _Gambusia affinis_ occurred in great numbers. _Lepisosteus osseus_ seemed to be the most important predator.

_Lower Walnut River Fauna_

The Walnut River in Cowley County supported large populations of deep-bodied suckers, carp, and gar. _Notropis lutrensis_ and _N. percobromus_ were characteristic minnows. _Lepomis_ _humilis_ abounded at some stations. The fauna of the main stream of the Walnut River was somewhat intermediate between that of the Arkansas River and that of the three streams considered below. Fifteen of the species common to the Big Caney, Elk, and Grouse systems were also taken in the Walnut River main stream. Thirteen species were common to the Walnut and Arkansas rivers. Seven species were common to all these streams.

_Caney-Elk-Grouse Main Stream Fauna_

This fauna includes fishes living not only in the main streams but also in the lower parts of the larger tributaries of these streams. The fauna was comparatively rich: in the main stream of Big Caney River 39 species were taken, in Grouse Creek 35 species, in the Walnut River main stream 21 species, and in the Arkansas River 19 species. It has been pointed out that large rivers such as the Walnut and Arkansas have been subjected to greater direct and indirect modification by man, possibly resulting in a less diverse fauna than would otherwise occur in these streams. At present, there is a paucity of ecological niches in the upland tributaries and large rivers, as compared with streams of intermediate size. Fishes typical of the Caney-Elk-Grouse association were _Notropis umbratilis_, _Lepomis megalotis_, _Lepomis humilis_, _Labidesthes sicculus_, _Fundulus notatus_, and the two species of _Micropterus (Micropterus punctulatus_ was not taken in Grouse Creek).

_Upland Tributary Fauna_

Tributary faunas were divisible into two categories: (1) Those of the Walnut River and Grouse Creek (intermittency was severe, species were few, with _Ictalurus melas_ and _Lepomis cyanellus_ predominating); (2) those of Big Caney River (stream-flow was more stable, and eastern fishes, some of which have Ozarkian affinities, occurred in greater abundance than in any other part of the area surveyed). In the latter streams _Campostoma anomalum_ and _Etheostoma spectabile_ usually were dominant. _Pimephales notatus_, _Notropis volucellus_, _N. camurus_, _N. boops_, and _N. rubellus_ characteristically occurred. _Notropis lutrensis_ was sparsely represented in flowing tributaries. _Notropis umbratilis_, which seems to prefer habitats intermediate between those of _Notropis lutrensis_ and Ozarkian shiners, was usually represented. Deep-bodied suckers and carp were not taken in upland tributaries but _Moxostoma erythrurum_ was common and _Minytrema melanops_ was taken.

The kinds and numbers of shiners (_Notropis_) taken at different points along Grouse Creek seem significant. _N. lutrensis_ and _N. umbratilis_ occurred throughout the stream but were rare in sluggish areas where populations of _Gambusia affinis_, _Fundulus notatus_, and _Labidesthes sicculus_ flourished. At the lowermost station _Notropis percobromus_ and _N. buchanani_ were taken; these were not present in other collections. In the uppermost stations where water remained plentiful, _N. boops_ and _N. volucellus_ were taken, and _N. rubellus_ has been recorded.

In the broader distributional sense those fishes that seemed most tolerant of intermittency (_Lepomis cyanellus_, _Lepomis humilis_, _Ictalurus melas_, _Notropis lutrensis_) are widely distributed in the Arkansas River Basin, and are common in the western part of the Arkansas River Basin. Species less tolerant of intermittency are _Notropis boops_, _Notropis camurus_, _Notropis rubellus_, _Notropis volucellus_, and _Pimephales tenellus_; they have not been taken far west of the area studied, and become more common east of it.

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ORTENBURGER, A. I., and HUBBS, C. L.

1926. A report on the fishes of Oklahoma, with descriptions of new
genera and species. Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci., 6:132-141.

SCHELSKE, C. L.

1957. An ecological study of the fishes of the Fall and Verdigris
rivers in Wilson and Montgomery counties, Kansas, March 1954,
to February 1955. Emporia State Research Studies, 5(3):31-56.

SCHOONOVER, R., and THOMPSON, W. H.

1954. A post-impoundment study of the fisheries resources of Fall
River Reservoir, Kansas. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 57:172-179.

TRAUTMAN, M. B.

1951. _Moxostoma aureolum pisolabrum_, a new subspecies of sucker
from the ozarkian streams of the Mississippi River System.
Occ. Papers Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan, 534:1-10, 1 pl.

_Transmitted December 19, 1958._

27-7079

UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Institutional libraries interested in publications exchange may obtain this series by addressing the Exchange Librarian, University of Kansas Library, Lawrence, Kansas. Copies for individuals, persons working in a particular field of study, may be obtained by addressing instead the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. There is no provision for sale of this series by the University Library which meets institutional requests, or by the Museum of Natural History which meets the requests of individuals. However, when individuals request copies from the Museum, 25 cents should be included, for each separate number that is 100 pages or more in length, for the purpose of defraying the costs of wrapping and mailing.

* An asterisk designates those numbers of which the Museum's supply (not the Library's supply) is exhausted. Numbers published to date, in this series, are as follows:

Vol. 1. Nos. 1-26 and index. Pp. 1-638, 1946-1950.

*Vol. 2. (Complete) Mammals of Washington. By Walter W. Dalquest.
Pp. 1-444, 140 figures in text. April 9, 1948.

Vol. 3. *1. The avifauna of Micronesia, its origin, evolution, and
distribution. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 1-359, 16 figures
in text. June 12, 1951.

*2. A quantitative study of the nocturnal migration of birds.
By George H. Lowery, Jr. Pp. 361-472, 47 figures in text.
June 29, 1951.

3. Phylogeny of the waxwings and allied birds. By M. Dale
Arvey. Pp. 473-530, 49 figures in text, 13 tables.
October 10, 1951.

4. Birds from the state of Veracruz, Mexico. By George H.
Lowery, Jr., and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 531-649,
7 figures in text, 2 tables. October 10, 1951.

Index. Pp. 651-681.

*Vol. 4. (Complete) American weasels. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 1-466,
41 plates, 31 figures in text. December 27, 1951.

Vol. 5. Nos. 1-37 and index. Pp. 1-676, 1951-1953.

*Vol. 6. (Complete) Mammals of Utah, _taxonomy and distribution_.
By Stephen D. Durrant. Pp. 1-549, 91 figures in text,
30 tables. August 10, 1952.

Vol. 7. *1. Mammals of Kansas. By E. Lendell Cockrum. Pp. 1-303,
73 figures in text, 37 tables. August 25, 1952.

2. Ecology of the opossum on a natural area in
northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch and Lewis L.
Sandidge. Pp. 305-338, 5 figures in text. August 24,
1953.

3. The silky pocket mice (Perognathus flavus) of Mexico.
By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 339-347, 1 figure in text.
February 15, 1954.

4. North American jumping mice (Genus Zapus). By Philip
H. Krutzsch. Pp. 349-472, 47 figures in text, 4 tables.
April 21, 1954.

5. Mammals from Southeastern Alaska. By Rollin H. Baker
and James S. Findley. Pp. 473-477. April 21, 1954.

6. Distribution of Some Nebraskan Mammals. By J. Knox
Jones, Jr. Pp. 479-487. April 21, 1954.

7. Subspeciation in the montane meadow mouse. Microtus
montanus, in Wyoming and Colorado. By Sydney Anderson.
Pp. 489-506, 2 figures in text. July 23, 1954.

8. A new subspecies of bat (Myotis velifer) from
southeastern California and Arizona. By Terry A.
Vaughan. Pp. 507-512. July 23, 1954.

9. Mammals of the San Gabriel mountains of California.
By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 513-582, 1 figure in text, 12
tables. November 15, 1954.

10. A new bat (Genus Pipistrellus) from northeastern
Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 583-586. November 15,
1954.

11. A new subspecies of pocket mouse from Kansas. By E.
Raymond Hall. Pp. 587-590. November 15, 1954.

12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher,
Cratogeomys castanops, in Coahuila, Mexico. By Robert J.
Russell and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 591-608. March 15,
1955.

13. A new cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) from
northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 609-612.
April 8, 1955.

14. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews.
By James S. Findley. Pp. 613-618. June 10, 1955.

15. The pigmy woodrat, Neotoma goldmani, its
distribution and systematic position. By Dennis G.
Rainey and Rollin H. Baker. Pp. 619-624, 2 figures in
text. June 10, 1955.

Index. Pp. 625-651.

Vol. 8. 1. Life history and ecology of the five-lined skink,
Eumeces fasciatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 1-156,
26 figs, in text. September 1, 1954.

2. Myology and serology of the Avian Family
Fringillidae, a taxonomic study. By William B. Stallcup.
Pp. 157-211, 23 figures in text, 4 tables. November 15,
1954.

3. An ecological study of the collared lizard
(Crotaphytus collaris). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 213-274,
10 figures in text. February 10, 1956.

4. A field study of the Kansas ant-eating frog,
Gastrophryne olivacea. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 275-306, 9
figures in text. February 10, 1956.

5. Check-list of the birds of Kansas. By Harrison B.
Tordoff. Pp. 307-359, 1 figure in text. March 10, 1956.

6. A population study of the prairie vole (Microtus
ochrogaster) in northeastern Kansas. By Edwin P. Martin.
Pp. 361-416, 19 figures in text. April 2, 1956.

7. Temperature responses in free-living amphibians and
reptiles of northeastern Kansas. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp.
417-476, 10 figures in text, 6 tables. June 1, 1956.

8. Food of the crow, Corvus brachyrhynchos Brehm, in
south-central Kansas. By Dwight Platt. Pp. 477-498, 4
tables. June 8, 1956.

9. Ecological observations on the woodrat, Neotoma
floridana. By Henry S. Fitch and Dennis G. Rainey. Pp.
499-533, 3 figures in text. June 12, 1956.

10. Eastern woodrat, Neotoma floridana: Life history and
ecology. By Dennis G. Rainey. Pp. 535-646, 12 plates, 13
figures in text. August 15, 1956.

Index. Pp. 647-675.

Vol. 9. 1. Speciation of the wandering shrew. By James S. Findley.
Pp. 1-68, 18 figures in text. December 10, 1955.

2. Additional records and extensions of ranges of
mammals from Utah. By Stephen D, Durrant, M. Raymond
Lee, and Richard M. Hansen. Pp. 69-80. December 10,
1955.

3. A new long-eared myotis (Myotis evotis) from
northeastern Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker and Howard J.
Stains. Pp. 81-84. December 10, 1955.

4. Subspeciation in the meadow mouse, Microtus
pennsylvanicus, in Wyoming. By Sydney Anderson. Pp.
85-104, 2 figures in text. May 10, 1956.

5. The condylarth genus Ellipsodon. By Robert W. Wilson.
Pp. 105-116, 6 figures in text. May 19, 1956.

6. Additional remains of the multituberculate genus
Eucosmodon. By Robert W. Wilson. Pp. 117-123, 10 figures
in text. May 19, 1956.

7. Mammals of Coahuila, Mexico. By Rollin H. Baker. Pp.
125-335, 75 figures in text. June 15, 1956.

8. Comments on the taxonomic status of Apodemus
peninsulae, with description of a new subspecies from
North China. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 337-346, 1 figure
in text, 1 table. August 15, 1956.

9. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. By Sydney
Anderson. Pp. 347-351. August 15, 1956.

10. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. By
Howard J. Stains. Pp. 353-356. January 21, 1957.

11. A new species of pocket gopher (Genus Pappogeomys)
from Jalisco, Mexico. By Robert J. Russell. Pp. 357-361.
January 21, 1957.

12. Geographic variation in the pocket gopher, Thomomys
bottae, in Colorado. By Phillip M. Youngman. Pp.
363-387, 7 figures in text. February 21, 1958.

13. New bog lemming (genus Synaptomys) from Nebraska. By
J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 385-388. May 12, 1958.

14. Pleistocene bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon,
Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 389-396. December 19,
1958.

15. New Subspecies of the rodent Baiomys from Central
America. By Robert L. Packard. Pp. 397-404. December 19,
1958.

More numbers will appear in volume 9.

Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By
Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44,
6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.

2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta
and A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6
plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956.

3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas
Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and
Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in
text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956.

4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the
prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch.
Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19,
1957.

5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska.
By James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, pls. 9-10, 1 figure in
text. March 12, 1958.

6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology.
By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8
figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.

More number will appear in volume 10.

Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira
discolor Guenther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9,
4 figs. July 14, 1958.

2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner,
Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62,
9 figs., 9 tables. September 19, 1958.

3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of
vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry
S. Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3
tables. December 12, 1958.

4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua,
Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in
text. January 28, 1959.

5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central
Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343, 2 plates. April
24, 1959.

6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties,
Kansas. By Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2
figures in text, 10 tables. May 6, 1959.

More numbers will appear in Volume 11.

* * * * *

TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES

1. Passages in italics are surrounded by _underscores_.

2. Passages in bold-italics are surrounded by #bold#.

3. Images and tables have been moved from the middle of a paragraph to the closest paragraph break.

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