Chapter II: Part 2

Among the many interesting visitors to Fort Gibson was the picturesque Sam Houston, who came in 1829 and established himself about three miles northwest of the post at a place which he called Wigwam Neosho. Here he was in close touch with the fort, the Creek agency, and the trading post on the Verdigris River an equal distance to the northwest, where he carried on his intrigues with the Indians, and drank and played poker with the army officers and traders. There he lived and enjoyed the solace of his pretty Cherokee companion, Diana Rogers, until 1832 when he left for his adventures in Texas. It may have been in a measure the recollection of Houston and his companionship that later influenced the movement of troops from Fort Gibson for the relief of beleaguered Texans.

One officer of outstanding interest who served at Fort Gibson was the Frenchman, B. L. E. Bonneville of the Seventh Infantry. In 1824, while he was a lieutenant, he secured a leave of absence and as secretary accompanied General Lafayette to France after his triumphal tour of the United States. Eight years later he secured another leave and made a protracted expedition in the Rocky Mountains. He kept voluminous notes of his experiences, which were purchased by Washington Irving who made them into the fascinating book, The Adventures of Captain Bonneville.

In 1888 Colonel J. J. Coppinger of the Eighteenth Infantry was in command at Fort Gibson, and in March made an inventory of the buildings at the post together with a general description of them. He reported seven stone buildings and ten frame, nearly all large, substantial buildings which ranged in condition from fair to good.

These buildings fell into private ownership and most of them were razed for the material that was in them. Four of the stone buildings are standing. The barracks was originally 23 by 154 feet in size, containing ten rooms for the accommodation of two companies of Infantry. The north half of this building was torn down and the material used in the construction of a house.

The Oklahoma Historical Society purchased the remaining south half of the barracks building, the stone ammunition building, and the great brick oven, together with the land on which they stand. Considerable money was expended in the restoration of these buildings, and the barracks building is now occupied by a custodian and his family who will show the place to visitors. The most picturesque exhibit at Fort Gibson is the reconstructed log stockade built on the site of the first log fort. This work was directed by a commission created by the State of Oklahoma.

The best-preserved relic of the old fort is the commanding officer’s residence, facing what was the parade ground of the fort. Colonel William Babcock Hazen came to command the fort in January 1871. He brought there his bride who, as his widow, was later to become the wife of the Spanish-American hero, Admiral George Dewey. Lieutenant Colonel John Joseph Coppinger, commandant of the fort, occupied the building in 1886 with his family. James G. Blaine, father of Mrs. Coppinger, visited his daughter in this residence and was confined there at one time by illness. The cornerstone of the building bears the inscription: “Erected A. D. 1867, A. S. Kimball, Capt. A. Q. M. U. S.”

The story of Fort Gibson is an epic of the prairies; a tale of the winning of the great Southwest; an account of the conquest of the fleet warriors of the plains; a narrative of the security of trade and contact with old Santa Fe and California. Fort Gibson saw the beginning and the end of the keelboat and the whole career of the river steamboat.

Unknown to the present generation, the old fort and the few relics of that venerable establishment that have escaped the hand of the vandal should still have a claim on our consideration. Around them cluster associations with the past and reminders of early attempts at the civilization of this western country. The activities of this frontier post, the toil and hardship, sickness and death endured there, the picturesqueness of its population, the pageantry of its activities and functions—all these are calculated to stir the imagination of the beholder and stimulate in him an interest in the fascinating history of this country.

APPENDIX I
_National Cemetery_

There were several small cemeteries around Fort Gibson in which the dead were buried from the earliest days of the fort. The number of interments was increased to such an extent during the Civil War that more space was required, and in 1869 the National Cemetery was established on land that was originally part of the military reservation of Fort Gibson. After the abandonment of the fort, the reservation was transferred to the Department of the Interior on February 11, 1891, a parcel of seven acres being reserved for cemeterial purposes.

On August 6, 1872, William W. Belknap, Secretary of War, gave instructions to have the remains of his father, General William Goldsmith Belknap, removed from Fort Washita, where they were interred in 1851, to the cemetery at Keokuk, Iowa, the home of the Secretary. At the same time he directed the quartermaster general to arrange for the removal of the remains of other soldiers and their families found at Fort Washita, Fort Towson and Fort Arbuckle, to the National Cemetery at Fort Gibson. Bids were advertised for, and a contract was let to P. J. Byrne of Fort Gibson, who succeeded in removing the remains of forty-six persons in 1872; only two of them, however, were definitely known to be soldiers. Owing to the careless manner in which the men who served at these remote posts had been buried, and the fact that fires had been permitted to run through the cemeteries and burn off all wooden headboards, and the difficulty of finding other marks of identification in the graves, or indeed, of finding the remains and the boxes containing them in such condition that they could be removed at all, instructions were given to abandon further removal. However, information was later acquired of forty-six additional graves at Fort Washita: fifty-four at Fort Arbuckle, and eighteen at Big Sandy Creek on the Fort Smith and Fort Arbuckle road. Efforts were then renewed, and another contractor undertook to remove the remains to the Fort Gibson National Cemetery but this effort proved abortive also.

In 1873 it was reported to the office of the Adjutant General at Washington that the bodies of one hundred and twenty-five soldiers killed in the Battle of the Washita were buried on that battlefield. This again stimulated interest in the subject of removal, and the visitor will see in the Officers’ Circle in the National Cemetery the grave of Major Joel H. Elliott of the Seventh Infantry, killed on November 27, 1868, at the Battle of the Washita.

The removal of remains from all these burial places was attended with much difficulty because of the lack of identifying marks. It was impossible to determine whether they were removing soldiers or civilians, and the whole undertaking was attended with much confusion. It appeared that during the Civil War a large number of Confederates died and were buried near Fort Washita. The correspondence relating to the subject would indicate that removal of the dead from this cemetery was limited to those known to have been in the service of the Union Army, and the Confederate dead were probably not disturbed.

The result was summarized in a report of December 31, 1893, which accounted for graves in the National Cemetery at Fort Gibson, of 231 known to be soldiers and 2,212 whose identity and service were unknown. Of the comparatively few who are identified by inscriptions on monuments, the greatest number are to be seen within what is known as the Officers’ Circle. Among these is Flora, the young Cherokee wife of Lieutenant Daniel H. Rucker, who died at Fort Gibson June 26, 1845. Her husband survived her to become in later years Quartermaster General of the United States Army. John Decatur, brother of Stephen Decatur, died on November 12, 1832, while a sutler at Fort Gibson. Lieutenant John W. Murray of the West Point Class of 1830, of the Seventh Infantry, was killed on February 14, 1831, by being thrown from his horse. Murray’s classmate, Lieutenant James West, died at Fort Gibson on September 28, 1834.

On May 27, 1831, Lieutenant Frederick Thomas of the Seventh Infantry, a West Point graduate of 1825, was drowned in the Arkansas River. His classmate, Lieutenant Benjamin W. Kinsman, also of the Seventh Infantry, died May 14, 1832. Lieutenant Thomas C. Brockway, a graduate of West Point of the class of 1828, died at Fort Gibson, September 28, 1831. Among those removed from Fort Towson were West Point graduates of the class of 1826, Lieutenants Charles L. C. Minor and Alexander G. Baldwin, both of the Fifth Infantry, who died at Fort Towson in 1833 and 1835 respectively, and Lieutenant James H. Taylor of the Third Infantry, who was drowned near Fort Towson in the Cositot River, in 1835. Also in the Officers’ Circle is the monument of Captain Billy Bowlegs, the celebrated Seminole warrior, who served in the Union Army and died during the Civil War, and who is buried in another part of the cemetery.

General John Nicks (also buried in this cemetery) acquired his title from the appointment, by the Governor of Arkansas Territory, as commanding general of the Arkansas militia. He was later sutler at Fort Gibson, where he died December 31, 1831. He was survived by his widow, Sallie Nicks, who continued to “sutle” at the post. Sallie was a popular young widow whose charms were enhanced by the fact that the estate left by the General was valued at $20,000. When Washington Irving visited the post in 1832, he recorded in his notebook that several of the officers at the post paid court to her, and the quartermaster serenaded her so often and so vigorously that he disturbed the sleep of others, and made himself a good deal of a nuisance in the post. According to Irving, General William Clark and Colonel Arbuckle were both fascinated by the young widow, and a civilian named Lewis paid such ardent court that all of the officers united against him.

Sutlers were licensed to do business in the post, and there was considerable rivalry for the privilege, as the profits were tempting. At one time Sam Houston was an aspirant for the position of sutler at Fort Gibson. During his absence in the East on a political mission, he heard that General Nicks was to be removed from his post as sutler, and on his way back to Fort Gibson he wrote a letter to the Secretary of War, making application for the post. Houston was returning with a keelboat load of supplies for Wigwam Neosho, his little store northwest of Fort Gibson. They included nine barrels of whiskey, brandy, gin, rum, wine and other goods with which he meant to stock the sutler’s store he intended to take over if Nick’s removal should pave the way for his appointment. However, after arriving at Fort Gibson and learning of the gossip said to have emanated from Washington concerning him, he indignantly withdrew his application with an excoriating letter to the Secretary of War, obviously written while he was drunk.

To one who wonders what care the soldiers at Fort Gibson took of their personal appearance, a long inventory of merchandise in the sutler’s store at Fort Gibson in 1845 will be illuminating. The following is about one-sixth of the total list. It was submitted to the commandant for the purpose of establishing the prices at which these articles might be sold to the soldiers:

Cigars, shaving boxes, round shaving soap, transparent soap, flotant soap, chrystalline wash balls, whisker pomatum, spontaneous compound, oleophane, bear’s oil, philocome, fancy soap, perfume boxes, fancy cologne water, round cologne water, farina cologne water, prevost cologne water, red and white powder, sweeping brush, clamp brush, horse brush, shoe brush, counter brush, hat brush, hair brush, wall brush, cloth brush, shaving brush, teeth brush, ivory brush, nail brush, violin strings, razor strops, mirrors, shirt butts, cotton purses, silk purses, pencil cases, whalebone, suspenders, snuff boxes, necklaces, fishing lines, guard chains, flasks, thimbles, court plaisters, hooks and eyes, silk guards, pocket combs, English combs, dressing combs.

APPENDIX II

List of officers who commanded at Fort Gibson, with beginning date of service; graduates of United States Military Academy, West Point, are indicated by year of graduation following name. Names of temporary commanding officers are indented.

From To
Colonel Matthew Arbuckle, 7th Infantry Apr. 1824 Feb. 6, 1839
Major Alex Cummings, 7th Infantry Apr. 24, 1825 Aug. 1825
Lieutenant Colonel James B. Many, 7th Aug. 1825 Sept. 6, 1825
Infantry
Captain John Philbrick, 7th Infantry Sept. 1825 Oct. 1825
Captain Benjamin L. E. Bonneville, 7th Apr. 1828 May 1828
Infantry, 1815
Captain N. G. Wilkinson, 7th Infantry Feb. 6, 1829 Apr. 20, 1829
Captain N. G. Wilkinson, 7th Infantry Mar. 26, 1830 Apr. 23, 1830
Captain N. G. Wilkinson, 7th Infantry Oct. 14,1830 Nov. 1830
Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Many, 7th Feb. 1, 1832 July 7, 1832
Infantry
Lieutenant Colonel J. B. Many, 7th May 15, 1834 Sept. 30, 1834
Infantry
Major Sullivan Burbank, 7th Infantry Oct. 1, 1834 Nov. 4, 1834
Lieutenant Colonel William Whistler, Aug. 6, 1835 Sept. 10, 1835
7th Infantry
Lieutenant Colonel William Whistler, Apr. 20, 1836 May 5, 1836
7th Infantry
Lieutenant Colonel William Whistler, May 11, 1837 Sept. 13, 1837
7th Infantry
Major C. Wharton, 1st Dragoons Sept. 14, 1837 Oct. 23, 1837
Major J. S. McIntosh, 7th Infantry June 15, 1838 Aug. 1838
Captain E. S. Hawkins, 7th Infantry Aug. 1838 Sept. 1838
1820
Major J. S. McIntosh, 7th Infantry Sept. 1838 Jan. 28, 1839
Lieutenant Colonel William Whistler, Jan. 29, 1839 Feb. 6, 1839
7th Infantry
Major Bennett Riley, 4th Infantry Feb. 7, 1839 Apr. 1839
Colonel Enos Cutler, 4th Infantry Apr. 1839 Jan. 1840
Major B. Riley, 4th Infantry June 21, 1839 Jan. 17, 1840
Colonel & Brevet Brigadier General M. Jan. 18, 1840 Feb. 4, 1840
Arbuckle, 7th Infantry
Colonel Alexander Cummings, 4th Jan. 1840 Aug. 1841
Infantry
Major Clifton Wharton, 1st Dragoons Feb. 6, 1840 Feb. 16, 1840
Lieutenant Colonel Riley, 2nd Infantry Feb. 17, 1840 Feb. 24, 1840
Major C. Wharton Feb. 25, 1840 Mar. 3, 1840
Colonel & Brevet Brigadier General Apr. 10, 1841 May 7, 1841
Arbuckle
Lieutenant Colonel J. Garland, 4th May 27, 1841 June 19, 1841
Infantry
Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Mason, 1st June 20, 1841 Aug. 1841
Dragoons
Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Mason, 1st Aug. 1841 Apr. 28, 1842
Dragoons
Colonel S. W. Kearney, 1st Dragoons Apr. 29, 1842 July 3, 1842
Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Mason, 1st July 4, 1842 Oct. 7, 1842
Dragoons
Captain Jacob Brown, 6th Infantry Oct. 8, 1842 Jan. 16, 1843
Major Clifton Wharton, 1st Dragoons Jan. 17, 1843 Jan. 31, 1843
Colonel William Davenport, 6th Infantry Feb. 1, 1843 Sept. 17, 1843
Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Mason, 1st Sept. 18, 1843 Dec. 17, 1843
Dragoons
Captain W. S. Ketchum, 6th Infantry Sept. 20, 1843 Sept. 26, 1843
Captain N. Boone, 1st Dragoons Sept. 27, 1843 Dec. 17, 1843
Lieutenant Colonel Gustavus Loomis, 6th Dec. 18, 1843 June 19, 1844
Infantry, 1811
Lieutenant Colonel R. B. Mason, 1st June 20, 1844 Feb. 27, 1846
Dragoons
Captain Nathan Boone, 1st Dragoons May 30, 1845 Aug. 13, 1845
Captain Albemarle Cady, 6th Infantry, Feb. 26, 1846 Mar. 27, 1846
1829
Lieutenant Colonel Gustavus Loomis, 6th Mar. 28, 1846 Feb. 24, 1848
Infantry, 1811
Captain A. Cady, 1829 Apr. 30, 1846 May 26, 1846
Major B. L. E. Bonneville, 6th Infantry Feb. 26, 1848 Nov. 4, 1848
Captain E. Steen, 1st Dragoons June 16, 1848 July 25, 1848
Captain William S. Ketchum, 6th July 26, 1848 Nov. 4, 1848
Infantry
Major Dixon S. Miles, 5th Infantry, Nov. 5, 1848 Dec. 18, 1848
1824
Captain C. L. Stevenson, 5th Infantry, Dec. 1, 1848 Dec. 18, 1848
1838
Lieutenant Colonel & Brevet Brigadier Dec. 19, 1848 May 14, 1851
General William G. Belknap, 5th
Infantry
Captain Isaac Lynde, 5th Infantry, 1827 Dec. 8, 1849 Jan. 6, 1850
Captain Isaac Lynde, 5th Infantry, 1827 Feb. 22, 1850 Mar. 17, 1850
Captain Isaac Lynde, 5th Infantry, 1827 May 12, 1850 June 8, 1850
Captain William Chapman, 5th Infantry, June 9, 1850 July 16, 1850
1831
Major Henry Bainbridge, 7th Infantry, May 15, 1851 July 26, 1851
1821
Captain Henry Little, 7th Infantry July 5, 1851 July 26, 1851
Major George Andrews, 7th infantry July 27, 1851 Oct. 5, 1852
Captain Henry Little, 7th Infantry Oct. 6, 1852 Oct. 30, 1853
Captain Charles H. Humber, 7th Jan. 15, 1853 July 27, 1853
Infantry, 1840
Captain Braxton Bragg, 3rd Artillery, Oct. 31, 1853 Dec. 1, 1853
1837
Lieutenant Colonel Pitcairn Morrison, Dec. 2, 1853 May 7, 1855
7th Infantry
Colonel Henry Wilson, 7th Infantry May 8, 1855 June 22, 1857
Captain Henry Little, 7th Infantry Feb. 16, 1856 Apr. 2, 1856
Lieutenant Colonel P. Morrison, 7th Apr. 3, 1856 June 21, 1856
Infantry
Captain Henry Little, 7th Infantry May 21, 1857 June 22, 1857
Lieutenant W. L. Cabell, 7th Infantry, June 23, 1857 Sept. 1857
A. Q. M., 1850
Colonel William A. Phillips, 3rd Indian Apr. 14, 1863 June 1863
Home Guards
Major General James G. Blunt, July 1863
Volunteers
Colonel Wm. A. Phillips, 3rd Indian Nov. 1863 July 1864
Home Guards
Colonel Stephen H. Wattles, Hq. Indian Aug. 1864
Brigade
Colonel James M. Williams, Frontier Sept. 1864
Div. (Hq. 2d Brig.) 7th Army Corps
Colonel Wattles Sept. 1864 Nov. 1864
Colonel Phillips Dec. 1864 Mar. 1865
Major General James G. Blunt May 1865
Brevet Brigadier General John Ritchie, May 11, 1865 June 15, 1865
3rd Indian Home Guards
Major General Blunt May 11, 1865 June 15, 1865
Colonel John A. Garrett, 40th Iowa June 15, 1865 Aug. 3, 1865
Volunteers
Lieutenant Colonel Lewis C. True, 62nd Aug. 4, 1865 Nov. 1865
Illinois Volunteers
Captain E. M. Jordan, 62nd Illinois Nov. 1865 Dec. 1865
Volunteers
Lieutenant Colonel Lewis C. True, 62nd Jan. 1866 Feb. 17, 1866
Illinois Volunteers
Captain James B. Mulligan, 18th Feb. 18, 1866 Mar. 1, 1866
Infantry
Major Pinkney, Lugenbeel, 18th Mar. 1, 1866 May 1867
Infantry, 1840
Captain Robert Ayres, 19th Infantry May 1867 June 19, 1867
Captain M. Bryant, 6th Infantry June 20, 1867 Nov. 3, 1867
Colonel DeL. Floyd-Jones, 6th Infantry, Nov. 4, 1867 May 1868
1846
Captain M. Bryant, 6th Infantry Jan. 20, 1868 May 1, 1868
Captain M. Bryant, 6th Infantry May 1868 Feb. 26, 1869
Colonel DeL. Floyd-Jones, 6th Infantry, Feb. 27, 1869 Apr. 1869
1846
Lieutenant Colonel Daniel Huston, Jr., Apr. 24, 1869 Jan. 29, 1871
6th Infantry, 1848
Captain Jeremiah P. Schindel, 6th Aug. 8, 1869 Sept. 25, 1869
Infantry
Captain Jeremiah P. Schindel, 6th Oct. 27, 1869 Nov. 20, 1869
Infantry
Lieutenant Jacob F. Munson, 6th Aug. 22, 1870 Sept. 4, 1870
Infantry
Colonel William B. Hazen, 6th Infantry, Jan. 30, 1871 Sept. 30, 1871
1855
Captain Jeremiah P Schindel July 26, 1871 Aug. 29, 1871
Captain William W. Sanders, 6th Aug. 30, 1871 Sept. 3, 1871
Infantry
Post re-established G. O. 1,
Headquarters, Fort Gibson, July 31,
1872.
Colonel Benjamin H. Grierson, 10th July 31, 1872 Jan. 5, 1873
Cavalry
Captain Gaines Lawson, 25th Infantry Oct. 29, 1872 Nov. 11, 1872
Captain Gaines Lawson, 25th Infantry Jan. 5, 1873 Feb. 23, 1873
Lieutenant Colonel J. W. Davidson, 10th Feb. 24, 1873 Apr. 20, 1873
Cavalry, 1845
Captain John J. Upham, 6th Cavalry, Apr. 21, 1873 Sept. 6, 1873
1859
Captain Andrew S. Bennett, 5th Infantry June 30, 1873 July 5, 1873
Lieutenant Colonel Thomas H. Neill, 6th Sept. 7, 1873 Aug. 6, 1874
Cavalry, 1847
Lieutenant Thomas M. Woodruff, 5th Aug. 7, 1874 Sept. 7, 1875
Infantry, 1871
Major J. J. Upham, 5th Cavalry Sept. 8, 1875 June 6, 1876
Lieutenant Edward L. Randall, 5th June 7, 1876 July 14, 1876
Infantry
Captain Edmond Butler, 5th Infantry July 15,1876 Aug. 6, 1876
Lieutenant George McDermott, 5th Aug. 7, 1876 Oct. 18, 1876
Infantry
Lieutenant Lewis Smith, 3rd Artillery Oct. 19, 1876 Dec. 26, 1876
Captain R. I. Eskridge, 23rd Infantry Dec. 27, 1876 June 14, 1877
Captain Caleb Rodney Layton, 16th June 15, 1877 May 18, 1879
Infantry
Major A. L. Hough, 22d Infantry May 19, 1879 Oct. 3, 1879
Captain C. J. Dickey, 22d Infantry July 29, 1879 Aug. 5, 1879
Second Lieutenant John G. Ballance, 22d Oct. 4, 1879 Jan. 31, 1880
Infantry, 1875
Second Lieutenant John Newton, 16th Feb. 1, 1880 Mar. 5, 1880
Infantry
Captain Hugh A. Theaker, 16th Infantry Mar. 6, 1880 Mar. 28, 1880
Second Lieutenant W. A. Nichols, 23rd Oct. 1880 Nov. 13, 1880
Infantry
Major R. H. Offley, 19th Infantry Nov. 14, 1880 Nov. 1, 1881
Lieutenant Thomas M. Winie, 19th Apr. 25, 1881 May 10, 1881
Infantry
Lieutenant John G. Leete, 19th Infantry Sept. 26, 1881 Oct. 16, 1881
Lieutenant A. H. M. Taylor, 19th Nov. 2, 1881 Nov. 12, 1881
Infantry
Captain J. C Bates, 20th Infantry Nov. 13, 1881 May 14, 1885
Captain A. A. Harbach, 20th Infantry July 9, 1882 Oct. 31, 1882
Second Lieutenant J. A. Ivans, 20th Mar. 21, 1883 May 11, 1883
Infantry
Captain Patrick Cusack, 9th Cavalry Sept. 29, 1883 Oct. 19, 1883
Captain A. A. Harbach Mar. 22, 1884 Apr. 14, 1884
Captain William S. McCaskey, 20th July 26, 1884 Aug. 4, 1884
Infantry
Captain Harbach Aug. 5, 1884 Oct. 5, 1884
Captain Harbach Jan. 31, 1885 Mar. 2, 1885
Captain Harbach Apr. 30, 1885 May 8, 1885
Lieutenant W. H. W. James, 24th May 14, 1885 June 13, 1885
Infantry, 1872
Captain Birney B. Keeler, 18th Infantry June 14, 1885 Sept. 15, 1885
Captain Carroll H. Potter, 18th Sept. 16, 1885 Oct. 1, 1886
Infantry, 1857
Lieutenant Colonel John J. Coppinger, Oct. 2, 1886 July 17, 1888
18th Infantry
Captain Henry H. Adams, 18th Infantry June 8, 1888 July 17, 1888
Captain Henry H. Adams, 18th Infantry July 17, 1888 Dec. 9, 1888
Captain Carroll H. Potter, 18th Dec. 10, 1888 Sept. 5, 1889
Infantry 1857
Captain H. H. Adams Sept 6, 1889 Oct. 2, 1889
Captain Jeremiah P. Schindel, 6th Oct. 1, 1889 Sept. 22, 1890
Infantry

Post finally abandoned September 22, 1890.

Camp at Fort Gibson

From To
Captain Jacob G. Galbraith, 1st Apr. 6, 1897 July 18, 1897
Cavalry, 1877
Major Albert G. Forse, 1st Cavalry, July 19, 1897 Oct. 19, 1897
1865
Captain Herbert E. Tutherly, 1st Oct. 20, 1897 Nov. 1897
Cavalry, 1872

“This command is now, October 31, in tents on the old parade ground at
Fort Gibson, the old buildings being uninhabitable.”

Camp at Fort Gibson

From To
Captain T. Q. Donaldson, Jr., 8th Apr. 7, 1901 Sept. 20, 1901
Cavalry, 1887
Squadron Adjutant A. G. Lott, 3rd Sept. 21, 1901 Nov. 19, 1901
Cavalry, 1892

Transcriber’s Notes

--Silently corrected a few palpable typos.

--Retained publication information from the printed book: no evidence
was found of copyright renewal, making this eText public-domain in the
country of publication.