Chapter XXIII: Appendix: II

INDEX OF REPORTED CASES UNDER THE ESPIONAGE ACTS OF 1917 AND 1918

This index is meant to include all Espionage Act cases involving freedom of speech which are contained in the following reports, abbreviated as shown:

Bulletins of the Department of Justice on the Interpretation of War Statutes (B);

Federal Reporter (F), containing cases in the Circuit Court of Appeals, and occasionally in the District Courts;

United States Reports (U. S.), containing Supreme Court decisions;

One case is officially reported only in Report of the Attorney General for 1918 (A), which gives facts of many more.

Some recent Supreme Court cases are in the Supreme Court Reporter (Sup.).

A few cases are from Nelles, Espionage Act Cases (N).

So far as practicable I have indexed not only the defendant who gives his name to the case but every defendant. This seemed undesirable in the cases of the 93 I.W.W.’s in the Haywood case and the 27 Socialists in the Baltzer case. Consequently, while there are 184 persons indexed below, 118 more should be added to give the total number of persons whose prosecutions are reported, making 302 in all. Besides these many Espionage Act cases have never been reported. Notes of these are in _War-time Prosecutions and Mob Violence_, which contains the facts of many others. The total number of persons convicted is reported as 877, with 285 cases still pending on June 30, 1919. The Attorney General’s Reports for 1918 and 1919 show that there were 988 cases commenced in 1917–18, and 968 in 1918–19. Out of these 1,956 cases only a small fraction are reported anywhere.

In each instance I have given the defendant’s name, the state where he was prosecuted (omitting United States Districts within a state), a reference to the report, the result of the case, and the sentence.

Abbreviations are:

C., conviction.
Acq., acquittal.
Acq. d., acquittal directed.
Ind., indictment.
Aff., affirmed by Circuit Court of Appeals or Supreme Court.
Rev., reversed by Circuit Court of Appeals or Supreme Court.

An asterisk shows that the sentence has been shortened by the President, and the length of the commuted sentence or date of its expiration is added. It is possible that some commutations have been omitted. Information as to convictions, sentences, pardons, etc., if not contained in the reports, has been obtained from _War-time Prosecutions; New York Times_, May 9, 1919; and from the Attorney General’s Report for 1919.

I. PROSECUTIONS UNDER TITLE I, SECTIONS 3 AND 4, AND TITLE XII

Abrams, J. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs., aff.

Albers, H. Oregon B. 191; 263 F. 27 C. Aff.

American N. Y. B. 129, 252 F. 223; C. Fine $3,000
Socialist B. 192; B. 198
Society

Anderson, O. S. D. 264 F. 75 C. Aff.

Ault, E. B. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Baer, Elizabeth Pa. B. 43; B. 194, 249 U. C. Aff.
S. 47

Balbas, _sub_
Capo

Baltzer, E., and S. D. B. 3; 248 U. S. 593 C. 1–2 yrs. Rev. on
26 others confession of
error

Bentall, J. O. Minn. B. 180, 262 F. 744 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Berger, V. L. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Binder, L. N. Y. B. 117, B. 126 C.

Blodgett, D. T. Iowa N. 48 C. 20 yrs.

Bold, F. W. Oregon B. 183

Bosco, P. W. Vir. B. 71 C. 10 yrs. (*2 yrs.)

Bouldin, G. W. Texas 261 F. 674 C. Aff.
(negro)

Boutin, A. N. Y. 251 F. 313 Ind. good

Brackett, W. A. Mo. B. 170 C. $150

Brenne, R. Ohio B. 199 Acq. d.

Brinton, J. W. N. D. B. 132

Buessel, T. Conn. B. 131 C. 10 yrs. (*4/1/19)

Bunyard, C. D. Mo. B. 168 C. $200

Capers, H. Okla. B. 74

Capo, V. Balbas Porto Rico B. 30, B. 37, 257 C. 8 yrs. $4,000.
F. 17 Rev.

Carlson, J. A. Wash. B. 185

Casey, J. E. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Caughman, J. M. S. C. 258 F. 434 C. Rev.

Cecca, G. de N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 10 yrs. Rev.

Coldwell, J. M. R. I. B. 158; B. 201, 256 C. 3 yrs. Aff.
F. 805; 250 U. S.
661 (memo.)

Creo, A. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. C. Aff.
15; B. 52; 40 Sup.
205

Curran, W. C. N. Y. B. 140

Darkow, M. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, C. 5 yrs. Aff.
254 F. 135; 40 Sup.
259. See B. 42

Deason, T. Texas 254 F. 259 C. Aff. 1½ yrs.
(*1 yr.)

Debs, E. V. Ohio B. 155; B. 196, 249 C. 10 yrs. Aff.
U. S. 211

Deilman, C. S. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. C. Aff.
15; B. 52; 40 Sup.
205

Dembowski, J. Mich. 252 F. 894 Ind. bad

Denson, W. A. Ala. B. 142 Acq.

Dodge, W. N. Y. B. 202; 258 F. 300; C. 6 yrs. Aff.
250 U. S. 660
(memo.)

Doe, P. B. Colo. B. 55; 253 F. 903 C. 1½ yrs. Aff.
(*5/8/19)

Doll, C. S. D. B. 5; B. 163, 253 F. C. Rev.
646

Eastman, M. N. Y. 252 F. 232 2 mistrials

Elmer, W. P. Mo. B. 171; 260 F. 646 C. $1,000. Rev.

Enfield, O. E. Okla. 261 F. 141 C. Rev.

Engdahl, J. L. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Equi, Marie Oregon B. 172; 261 F. 53 C. 3 yrs. $500. Aff.

Feltman, H. Ky. 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Fisher, G. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Fontana, J. N. D. B. 148; 262 F. 283 C. Rev.

Foster, L. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs.

Frerichs, H. Neb. B. 85

Frohwerk, J. Mo. B. 128; 248 U. S. C. 10 yrs. Aff.
540; B. 197, 249 U. (*1 yr.)
S. 204

Germer, A. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Gneiser, G. A. W. V. B. 71

Goldsmith, C. H. Ala. B. 133

Goldstein, R. Cal. 258 F. 908. See C. 10 yrs. $5,000.
B. 33 Aff. (*3 yrs.)

Graham, J. I. Tenn. B. 120

Granzow, F. A. Iowa 261 F. 172 C. Rev.

Groeschl Ky. N. 3 Acq. d.

Grubl, F. S. D. 264 F. 44 C. Rev.

Guggolz, J. C. Cal. 262 F. 764 C. Rev.

Hall, J. K. S. C. 256 F. 748, B. 189 C. Rev.

Hall, V. Mont. 248 F. 150 Acq. d.

Hamm, E. Cal. 261 F. 907 C. Aff.

Harper, S. J. La. B. 76 Acq.

Harshfield, J. Neb. 260 F. 659 C. Rev.

Haywood, W. D., Illinois B. 175 C. 16 for 20 yrs. 33
and 92 others for 10 yrs. 30 for
5 yrs. 12 for 1
yr. 2 for 10 days.
Aff.

Head, W. J. S. D. 248 U. S. 593 C. 3 yrs. $500. Rev.
on confession of
error

Henning, J. Wis. B. 184 Ind. bad

Henricksen, H. M. Neb. B. 86 C.

Herman, E. Wash. B. 109; 257 F. 601 C. 10 yrs. Aff.

Heynacher, W. S. D. 257 F. 61 C. 5 yrs. Aff.
(*1 yr.)

Hicks, W. M. Okla. B. 160 C. 20 yrs. (*5 yrs.)

Hickson, F. C. S. C. 258 F. 867 C. Rev.

Hitchcock, A. L. Ohio B. 122 C. 10 yrs. (*2 yrs.)

Hitt, O. Colo. B. 53 Acq.

Hodges, W. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Hotze, W. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Howenstine, F. P. Cal. 263 F. 1 C. Aff.

Huhn, W. Wyo. B. 58

Hundelshausen, H. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; Mistrial; case
v. B. 156 dismissed

Kammann, C. H. Illinois 259 F. 192 C. 3 yrs., $5,000.
Rev.

Katzler, W. von N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; Mistrial; case
B. 156 dismissed

Kaufman, W. H. Wash. B. 134 C. 5 yrs.

Kennedy, I. Cal. 263 F. 1 C. Aff.

Kirchner, H. E. W. V. B. 69; B. 174, 255 F. C. 2 yrs. Aff.
301 (*5/8/19)

Koenig, H. C. Mo. B. 123, 166 Acq. d.

Kornmann, C. S. D. B. 89; 248 U. S. 594 C. 10 yrs. Rev. on
confession of
error

Krafft, F. N. J. B. 6, 84; 249 F. 919; C. 5 yrs., $1,000
247 U. S. 520 Aff. (*4/1/19)

Kruse, J. H. Ky. 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Kruse, W. F. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Kumpula, E. Oregon 261 F. 49 C. Rev.

Lachowsky, H. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Lemke, H. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, C. 2 yrs. Aff.
254 F. 135; 40 Sup.
259. See B. 42

Lipman, S. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Listman, G. B. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Lockhart, A. P. Tenn. 264 F. 14 C. Aff.

McMillan, A. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Mackley, H. G. Vt. B. 83 C. 15 yrs. (*3 yrs.)

Magon, R. F. Cal. 260 F. 811 C. 20 yrs. Aff.

Mamaux, J. Ohio 264 F. 816 C. Aff.

Martin, F. A. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Martin, R. J. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Martin, W. E. Ky. B. 157

Mayer, F. Ky. B. 146, 252 F. 868 Acq. d.

Mead, W. E. Wash. B. 103; 257 F. 639 C. 5 yrs. Aff.

Miller, J. A. Colo. B. 104 C. 2 yrs. (*1 yr.)

Mills, W. T. N. D. B. 204 Acq. d.

Mullen, P. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Nagler, L. B. Wis. B. 127, 252 F. 217 Ind. good, C.

Nearing, S. N. Y. B. 129, 252 F. 223; Acq.
B. 192; B. 198

Nelson, C. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. C. Aff.
15; B. 52; 40 Sup.
205

O’Hare, Kate R. N. D. B. 40; B. 165, 253 F. C. 5 yrs. Aff.
538 (*5/29/20)

Olivereau, Louise Wash. B. 40 C. 10 yrs.

Pape, T. B. Illinois B. 151, 253 F. 270 Ind. bad

Partan, A. J. Oregon 261 F. 515 C. Aff.

Perry Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Peterson, J. A. Minn. A. 52 C. 4 yrs.

Phelan, J. B. Wash. B. 78 C. 5 yrs. Rev.

Pierce, C. H. N. Y. 245 F. 878, 888; B. C. Aff.
15; B. 52; 40
Sup.—.

Preston, F. L. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Prieth, B. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; Mistrial; case
B. 156 dismissed

Prieth, E. S. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; Mistrial; case
B. 156 dismissed

Prober, G. See N. Y. Acq.
Abrams

Pundt, G. Neb. B. 82

Ramp, F. Oregon B. 66 C.

Reitz, E. S. D. 257 F. 731 C. 5 yrs., $1,000.
Aff.

Reivo, W. N. Oregon 261 F. 515 C. Aff.

Rhuberg, J. Oregon B. 94; B. 107; 255 C. Aff.
Fed. 865

Rivera, L. Cal. 260 F. 811 C. 15 yrs. Aff.

Robison, F. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Rosansky, H. N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 3 yrs. Aff.
(*5/8/19)

Rust, F. A. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Rutherford, J. F. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Sandberg, A. Ariz. 257 F. 643 C. 2 yrs., $500.
Rev.

Sandvick, H. Alaska B. 113

Schaefer, P. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, C. 1 yr. Rev.
254 F. 135; 40 Sup.
259. See B. 42

Schenck, C. T. Pa. B. 43; B. 194, 249 U. C. Aff.
S. 47

Schoberg, C. B. Ky. B. 149; 264 F. 1 C. Aff.

Schulze, C. G. Cal. 253 F. 377; 259 F. C. Aff.
189

Schumann, W. Iowa 258 F. 233; 250 U. S. C. Aff.
66 (memo.)

Schutte, B. H. N. D. 252 F. 212 Ind. bad

Seattle Union- Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad
Record Pub. Co.

Seebach, J. C. Minn. 262 F. 885 C. Aff.

Shaffer, F. Wash. B. 125; B. 190, 255 C. 2½ yrs. Aff.
F. 886 (*1 yr.)

Shidler, A. Nev. 257 F. 620 C. 2 yrs. $100. Aff.

Shilter, K. Cal. 257 F. 724 C. Aff.

Spillner, C. Hawaii B. 145 C. 16 yrs. (*3 yrs.)

Steene, C. W. N. Y. 263 F. 130 C. 1½ yrs.

Steimer, Molly N. Y. 250 U. S. 616 C. 15 yrs. Aff.

Stenzel, B. Iowa 261 F. 161 C. 1½ yrs., $300.
Rev.

Stephens, E. A. Cal. 261 F. 590 C. Aff.

Stephens, F. Del. B. 116, 121 Acq.

Stilson, J. V. Pa. B. 177; 40 Sup. 28 C. 3 yrs. Aff.

Stokes, Rose P. Mo. B. 106; 264 F. 18 C. 10 yrs. Rev.

Strong, Anna L. Wash. 263 F. 798, 800 Ind. bad

Sugarman, A. L. Minn. B. 12; 245 Fed. 604; C. 3 yrs. Aff.
B. 195, 249 U. S.
182

Sukys, J. Pa. B. 177; 40 Sup. 28 C. 3 mos. Aff.

Sykes, J. Cal. 264 F. 945 C. Aff.

Tanner, W. B. Colo. B. 56 Acq.

Taubert, G. H. N. H. B. 108 C. 3 yrs. (*1½ yrs.)

Tucker, I. S. J. Illinois B. 186 C. 20 yrs.

Van Armburgh, W. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.
E.

Vevig, T. Alaska B. 162

Vogel, P. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, C. 1 yr. Rev.
254 F. 135; 40 Sup.
259. See B. 42

Von Bank, H. N. D. B. 164, 258 F. 641 C. Rev.

Waechter, H. N. J. B. 130, 251 F. 946; Mistrial; case
B. 156 dismissed

Waldron, C. H. Vt. B. 79 C. 15 yrs. (*4/1/19)

Wallace, D. H. Iowa B. 4 C. 20 yrs., went
insane and died
in jail

Wehmeyer, W. F. Mo. B. 176 C. $1,000

Weinsberg, C. H. Mo. B. 123 Acq.

Weist, A. Mo. B. 169 C., $200

Werner, L. Pa. 248 F. 290; B. 181, C. 5 yrs. Aff.
254 F. 135; 40 Sup.
259. See B. 42

Wessels, G. Tex. 262 F. 389 C. Aff.

White, J. Ohio 263 F. 17 C. Aff.

Whitney, A. G. N. Y. N. 55 No. ind.

Williams, L. E. Colo. B. 118

Wimmer, P. Ky. 264 F. 11 C. Aff.

Windmueller, D. Alaska B. 112 C. 1 yr., $250
(*1 yr.)

Wishek, J. H. N. D. B. 153

Wolf, J. H. S. D. B. 81; 259 F. 388 C. 5 yrs., $1,000.
Rev.

Woodworth, C. H. N. Y. B. 119; 258 F. 855 C. 20 yrs. Rev.

Youngman, P. G. Ala. B. 137 Acq.

Zademack, C. F. Ohio B. 143 C. 5 yrs. (*1½ yrs.)

Zimmerman, J. Ind. N. 10 Acq. d.

Zittel, J. Wash. B. 90

II. SEIZURE OF MOTION PICTURE FILM UNDER TITLE XI

U. S. _v._ Motion Cal. B. 33, 252 F. 946 Upheld
Picture Film,
“The Spirit of ’76”

III. EXCLUSIONS FROM THE MAILS UNDER TITLE XII

Masses Pub. Co. N. Y. 244 Fed. 535; 245 F. Injunction refused
_v._ Patten 102; B. 7, 246 for Aug. issue
Fed. 24 B. 26 Injunction refused
for Sept. issue

Jeffersonian Pub. Ga. 245 Fed. 585 Injunction refused
Co. _v._ West

U. S. ex rel. D. C. 258 F. 282 Mandamus refused,
Milwaukee Soc. as to present and
Dem. Pub. Co. future issues
_v._ Burleson