Chapter XLIII: Epilogue (2)

Education, moral training, French and English, 39;
difficulty in ascertaining its results on character, _ib._;
personal influence of Dr. Arnold, _ib._;
national moral sense stronger in England than in France, 40;
moral influence of the Church of England superior to that of the
Roman Catholic clergy, _ib._;
clerical education only beneficial to believers, 41;
creates habits of dissimulation in unbelievers, _ib._;
turns French unbelievers into hypocrites, _ib._;
Agnostics in the French University, 42;
moral authority of the Catholic clergy wanting in lay teaching, _ib._;
moral authority of parents discouraged by the Catholic clergy, 43;
value of home influences in France, _ib._;
French boys civilised by their mothers, 44;
manners acquired in French seminaries, _ib._;
home influences and school influences in England, _ib._;
advantages of English grammar schools in the country, 45;
conflict between social morality and international immorality, _ib._;
value of public opinion as a moral authority, 46;
French disapproval of debt, and American disapproval of
idleness, _ib._;
professional virtues of soldiers and medical practitioners, _ib._

Education, Physical, French and English, 1;
English not scientifically trained except for boat races, _ib._;
activity due to open air amusements, _ib._;
physical pursuits of distinguished Englishmen, 2;
Professor Clifford, Gladstone, Wordsworth, Scott, Byron, Keats,
Shelley, Tyndall, Millais, John Bright, Fawcett, Trollope,
and Palmerston, 3;
cricket exclusively English, 4;
French abandonment of tennis, _ib._;
tendency towards gymnastics and military drill, 5;
fencing, 6;
walking powers of English women, _ib._;
of French peasants, _ib._;
horse-riding in England and France, _ib._;
contrast in French and English clergy, 7;
relative strictness as regards amusements, _ib._;
activity and dignity, 8;
disappearance of French prejudice against boating, _ib._;
swimming cultivated more in France than in England, 9;
exceptional cases of Miss Beckwith, Captain Webb, and
Vice-Chancellor Shadwell’s family, 10;
French dancing, past and present, _ib._;
field sports in France and England, _ib._;
hunting in France, 11;
opposition of French farmers and peasant proprietors, 12;
contrasts in the physical life of classes more striking in
England, _ib._;
ideal of a whole nation equal to the English aristocracy, _ib._;
sedentary life of the French middle classes, 13;
velocipedes and volunteering of the English middle class, _ib._;
French peasantry and English factory workers, _ib._;
comparison of the physical qualities of the two races, _ib._;
decline of health and strength in both, 14

Education, rank of, in France and England, 56;
not a class distinction in France, _ib._;
the bachelor degree necessary in France for some professions, _ib._;
not absolutely necessary in England, _ib._;
French boys trained as _bourgeois_, English boys as gentlemen, 57;
no Eton or Oxford in France, _ib._;
confers social distinction in England, _ib._;
English mistakes about French _lycées_, 58;
little social distinction conferred by education in France, 59;
purity of accent a mark of rank in England, not in France, _ib._;
French _noblesse_ outshine the _bourgeoisie_, not in learning, but
in field sports and equipages, _ib._;
culture _versus_ rank, 60

Egypt, French jealousy of English occupation, 87

England. See French and English

English and French. See French

English, peculiar notions of political evolution in France, 104;
their preservation of an aristocracy and monarchy, 108;
misrepresented in France, 187, 188;
untruthful charges against the French Government, 190

_Enigmas of Life_, by Mr. W. R. Greg, want of sympathy for the
growth of free institutions in France, 105

_Enseignement Spécial_ established in France by Duruy’s Ministry, 29

Epictetus, indifference to comfort, 286

Etching, revival of, 398

Eton, boating and cricket surprising to foreigners, 3;
associated with social distinction, 57, 59

Etty, prejudiced against French art, 413

Europe, considered by Orientals as one nation, 421;
evidence of Mr. Palgrave, _ib._;
differences between England and France, 422.
See Variety in Britain and Variety in France

Euryalus, his affection for his mother, 47

Exhibitions, public, English in the provinces superior to those in
France, 34

F

Factory population in England, its deterioration, 13

Faith, two meanings, custom and conviction, 159;
sacrifice the test of sincerity, 160;
example of a young Frenchman, _ib._;
devotion of Catholic sisters, 161;
an Anglican saint, 163;
an Anglican layman, 164;
a Catholic and Protestant, 165;
political and social convictions, 166

Family influence in France, 43;
undervalued in England, 44;
love of sons for mothers in France and England, 47;
coolness of the affections in England, 49;
their culture in France, 50;
decay of reverence in France, 54;
dispersion of middle-class families in England, 69

Farmers in France, their opposition to hunting, 12

Fawcett, Mr., love of riding and skating after his blindness, 3

Fencing, practised in France, 6

Feelings. See Education of

Field sports, difference between France and England in
game-preserving, 10;
game in France, 11;
deer and wild boar, _ib._;
French hunting, _ib._

Flaxman, his illustrations of Homer appreciated in France, 411

Foreign policy, its continuity in England, 98;
unpatriotic in France, _ib._

Foreigners, impartial treatment of, viii;
ridiculous or wicked, x;
their difficulties in society, 25

Formalism, distinct from hypocrisy, 167;
prevalence in the Church of England, _ib._;
among atheists, 168;
in England and France, 169;
at marriages and funerals, _ib._;
of philosophical Anglicans, 171;
association with ritualism, 175;
weakening effect on faith, 177

Fortoul’s ministry, introduced the “_bifurcation_” into French
schools, 29

France. See Variety in

France, desire for rest, 135;
no ritualist party, 176;
her sympathy with Gordon at Khartoum, 202;
feeling about war, 203.
See French and English

France and England, second-class powers, 262;
varying degrees of dissimilarity at different periods, 269;
courtesy in France and England, 297;
caste in France and England, 321;
aristocratic spirit, 322;
comparative wealth of France and England, 339;
creations of the nineteenth century, 340;
developments of industries, 341;
necessity for wealth in England, 342;
French feeling about riches, 343;
sanctity of wealth in England, 344;
sentiments of the poor, 345;
national defence, 351;
marriage alliances, 353;
sociability greater in England, 363;
separation of the sexes in France, _ib._;
difference in England, 365;
want of amusements in France, 367;
divisions in France and England, 371;
personal success, 375;
known in France to the middle classes, _ib._;
money-making in France, 376;
lotteries and private gambling, 377;
overcrowded professions in France, 378;
incomes of French and English clergy, 379;
of the army, public offices, etc., 381;
wealthy traders, 382;
English manufacturers, _ib._;
cost of living in France and England, 383;
strong contrasts in France, 385;
little pleasures, 386;
Paris and London, 387;
provincial life in France and England, _ib._;
industrial civilisation a failure, 388;
French gaiety and English gravity, 389;
national success at home, 390;
comparison of France and England in religion and politics, 391;
in finance, 392;
party feeling, 393;
science, _ib._;
manufactures, 394;
printing, 395;
painting, 396;
literature, 399;
poetry, 401;
young philosophers, 403;
journalists, _ib._;
dread of war in both countries, 404;
English and French prejudices in art, 413;
difference in the military reputation of France and England, 417;
former French confidence and present English anxiety, _ib._;
difference between England and France. See _Variety in Britain_
and _Variety in France_;
modern changes in the national character of France and England, 445

Frary, M. Raoul, proposed abandonment of the classics, 18

Freethinkers, not eager for disestablishment, 152;
support state religions, 157;
dislike dissenters in England and Protestants in France, 158

French and English, euphony of title, vii;
question of mutual consideration, ix;
tendencies to resemblance, xiii;
Catholics and Protestants, xv;
opposition of French Republicans to England, xvii

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, CUSTOM, 267;
chronology, 269;
comfort, 285;
luxury, 291;
manners, 297;
decorum, 307

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, EDUCATION, 1;
physical, _ib._;
intellectual, 15;
artistic, 31;
moral training, 39;
feelings, 47;
rank, 56

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, PATRIOTISM, 63;
patriotic tenderness, 65;
pride, 77;
jealousy, 85;
duty, 91

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, POLITICS, 101;
revolution, 103;
liberty, 112;
conservatism, 119;
stability, 129

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, RELIGION, 139;
state establishments, 141;
disestablishment in France and England, 147;
social power, 153;
faith, 159;
formalism, 167

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, SOCIETY, 319;
caste, 321;
wealth, 339;
alliances, 353;
intercourse, 363

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, SUCCESS, 373;
personal, 375;
national, at home, 390;
abroad, 406

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, VARIETY, 419;
in Britain, 421;
in France, 432

FRENCH AND ENGLISH, VIRTUES, 179;
truth, 181;
justice, 198;
purity, 207;
temperance, 233;
thrift, 247;
cleanliness, 254;
courage, 261

Funerals in France, religious formalism at, 169;
unpopularity of civil interments in provincial towns, 170

G

Gaiety, French, compared with English, 389

Game-preserving in France and England, 10;
poaching, 11;
Baron Rothschild’s preserves at Ferrières, 11 _note_

Gibraltar, English possession galling to Spain, 88

Gladstone, Mr., skill in felling trees, 2;
opposes the masses to the classes, 113;
bitterness of the contest on the question of Home Rule, 114;
causes of his downfall, 116

Glasgow, the centre of the industry of the Scottish Lowlanders, 425

Gormandism in France, 239;
variety of terms, 240;
temperance of the real _gourmet_, 241

Government, deceptive use of the terms “Monarchy” and “Republic,” xi;
essentially the same in England and France, _ib._;
confusion between Communist and Communard, xii _note_;
adoption of French institutions by England, xiii;
the author’s opportunism, _ib._;
parliamentary system alone practicable in England and France, xiv;
faulty workings, _ib._;
opposition of French Republicans to England, xvii

Grammar schools in England, their effect on family life, 45

Gravity, English, compared with French gaiety, 389

Greeks, ancient, their physical life compared with that of the
modern English, 1;
their surroundings compared with those of Manchester, 12

Greek language and literature studied more in England than in
France, 15;
antiquity and mystery of the language, 16;
neglected in French schools, 19

Greg, Mr. W. R., want of sympathy for the growth of free institutions
in France, 104;
_Enigmas of Life_ quoted, 105

Grévy, President, expelled by the French chamber, 117

Guyot, M. Yves, proposal to pay the French clergy through the
communes, 150

Gymnastics, general indifference of Englishmen, 2;
training rare except for boat races, _ib._;
accepted by the French as discipline and drill, 5;
discouraged in France by the Church, _ib. note_

Gymnastics, mental, superiority of Latin and Greek as, 19

H

Harrison, Mr. F., his view of the autocracy of the House of Commons, 116

Hartington, Lord, quotes Professor Dicey’s explanations of the
sovereignty of the House of Commons, 107

Haydon, prejudiced against French art, 413

Highlands, French, 433

Highlanders, Scotch, their inertia, 423;
lack of enterprise, _ib._;
naturally gentlemen, 424;
absence of the Fine Arts and poverty of literature, _ib._;
outside European civilisation, 427

Horse-riding, associated in France with military exercises, in
England with hunting, 6;
denied to French ecclesiastics, but permitted English clergy, 7;
hunting in France, 11

Home Rule in Ireland, bitterness of the contest between the masses
and the classes, 113, 114

Hospitality, decline of, in France, 369

House of Commons, its sovereignty as explained by Professor Dicey, 107;
quoted by Lord Hartington, _ib._

Houses of Parliament, English, depreciated by foreigners, 415

Hugo, Victor, French veneration for, 54;
his relations with Juliette Drouet, 210;
his peerage, 323;
his resistance to Napoleon III, 402

Hunting in France and England, 11

Hypocrisy, distinct from formalism, 167;
example of a church-going atheist, 168

I

Ideals, English moral contrasted with the artistic of the Parisians, 38

Idleness condemned in America, 46

Ignorance of the English as regards Scotland and Ireland, 81

Ingres, Father, venerated in France, 54

Intellectual education. See Education, French and English

Invasion, no cruel experiences of, felt in England, 75

Ireland, English ignorance of, 81

Irish, their patriotic tenderness, 70;
exemplification in Mr. Robert Joyce the Irish poet, 71

Intercourse. See Sociability

J

Jameson’s, Mrs., first impressions of Canadian society, 81

Jealousies, National, reasonable and unreasonable, 89

Jesuits, liberal interpretation of Catholic doctrines, 174

Joyce, Mr. Robert, the Irish poet, his patriotic tenderness, 71

Justice, Intellectual, less appreciated in France than in England, 198;
obscured by party dissensions, 199;
sympathies of classes, _ib._;
English gentlemen with American slaveholders, _ib._;
with French Catholics, 200;
class ideas in England, 201;
in France, _ib._;
vulgar patriotism, 202;
French criticisms of France, 203;
exaggerations in literature, _ib._;
French pleasantry as regards Her Majesty the Queen, 204;
injustice of Victor Hugo, Carlyle, Michelet, and Ruskin, 205;
just and unjust accounts of railways, _ib._

K

Keats, unknown in France, 24

Knighthood, orders of, retained in England but not in France, 133

L

Labouchere, his resolution against the hereditary principle of the
House of Lords, 131

Lamartine, signs of revival, 403

Lancashire, art schools of, 33;
a reaction against the industrial age, 34;
almost a nation, 426;
character of the Lancastrians, _ib._;
their energy, encouragement of literature and art, and severe
Protestantism, _ib._;
connection with the Scotch lowlanders, 427;
open to European civilisation, _ib._

Landseer, nothing in common with Rosa Bonheur, 398

Languages, relative study of Latin and Greek in England and France, 15;
dignity of the teacher only to be secured by an ancient language, 16;
antiquity and mystery, _ib._;
proposed abandonment of the ancient for the modern, 18;
inferior teachers of English in France, 20;
vast improvement in the present study of modern languages in
France, 21;
in the status of the masters, _ib._;
low status of teachers of modern languages in England, 22;
difficulties in appreciating foreign poetry, 23;
English difficulties in judging French verse, 24;
exceptional knowledge of Swinburne, _ib._;
rarity of conversational accomplishment in foreign tongues, 25;
direction of future studies, _ib._;
fail to elevate the mind, 26

Language, English, its musical qualities denied in France, 407

Latin, more studied than Greek in France, 15;
antiquity and mystery of the language, 16;
sacerdotal and aristocratic, _ib._;
gave a dignity to laymen over inferiors and women, 17;
proposed abolition in French schools, 18;
neglected as a mental discipline, 19, 20;
required for the bachelor’s degree necessary to professions, 56

Lecky, unknown in France, 24

Leslie, C. R., his depreciation of continental art, 412

Liberty of thought in religion unfavourable to moral authority, 42

Liberty, in England and France, 112;
rule of majorities accepted in England, but not in France, 113;
growing hostility of the classes in England, and hatred against
Mr. Gladstone, _ib._;
approximating to that of the classes in France, 114;
opposition of the French Chamber to personal rule, 115;
Gambetta, Ferry, Wilson, and
Boulanger, 116;
English jealousy of Mr. Gladstone, _ib._;
Mr. F. Harrison on the autocracy of the House of Commons, _ib._;
autocracy of the French Chamber, 117;
religious liberty curtailed by political liberty, 118;
free discussion in England limited by juries, _ib._

Libraries, private, in France and England, 27;
exclusion of indecent books, 219

Literature rendered brilliant by malevolence, ix

Literature, French ignorance of English, 24;
superseded by science, 28;
more influential in England than in France, 399;
novelists and playwrights successful in France, 403;
English writers known in France only in translations, 408;
Russian novels popular in France, 409;
English demand for French novels, _ib._

Liverpool, cultivation of the fine arts better than in Rouen or Lyons, 34

London, inferior to Paris in its maintenance of art, 35;
French siege of, inconceivable, 89;
a nation, 427;
a state within a state, 428;
its standard of civilisation, _ib._;
not insular but cosmopolitan, _ib._;
absorbing the English aristocracy, 429

Lords, House of, its hereditary principle threatened, 131

Lotteries in France, 377

Louis XIV of France, the realisation of ideal monarchy, 109

Lowlanders, Scotch, repugnance to polish, 424;
sabbatarianism, industrial triumphs, intellectual distinction, and
taste for the Fine Arts, 425;
their resemblances to the Lancastrians, 426

Lunch, English, unknown in France, 368

Luxury, definition of, 291;
connected with expense and not with cheap pleasures, 292;
development, _ib._;
a home product in France but an exotic in England, 293;
domestic servants, _ib._;
dress, 294;
independent of Art, 295;
French commonplace, 296

_Lycées_, French, absence of cricket, 4;
proposed abolition of Latin as compulsory, 18;
question of excluding Greek, 19;
teaching of modern languages, 20;
examination and certificate of teachers, 21;
pupils compared with those in seminaries, 44;
disregard of social distinctions, 58;
their cheapness, _ib._;
distinguished from seminaries, 59;
lay masters and priests, _ib._;
deny the use of the catechism described by Matthew Arnold, 195

Lyons, cultivation of the Fine Arts inferior to that in Manchester
or Liverpool, 34;
a town of contrasts, 439;
Michelet’s description of, _ib._

M

Macculloch, Dr., his description of the inertia of the Scotch
Highlanders, 423

Macpherson’s _Ossian_ the one literary success in the Scotch
Highlands, 424

Madagascar, English jealousy of French expedition, 87

Maine, Sir Henry, his view of the dislike to change, 120;
interest in Mohammedans, Africans, Chinese, and Hindus, 121;
conservatism of women, _ib._;
his contemptuous estimate of the French President, 135

Majority, government of, in France and England, 113;
a state of liberty only when balanced by a minority, 115

Malevolence entertaining in literature, ix

Manchester, cultivation of the Fine Arts better than in Rouen or
Lyons, 34

Manners, national and class codes, 297;
courtesy in France and England, _ib._;
epistolary forms, 298;
French ceremony, 299;
old-fashioned, 300;
embarrassments, 301;
John Stuart Mill’s observation in France and England, 303;
English hospitality, 304;
defensive
politeness, _ib._;
bad manners in France and England, 305;
French manners of George H. Lewes, 306.
See Decorum

Marriage, French and English ideas of, 228, 353;
_mésalliances_, _ib._;
class ideas in France, 354;
pecuniary value of the French _de_, 355;
London market, _ib._;
_le mariage de convenance_, 356;
prudent marriages, _ib._;
French customs, 357;
dowerless French girls, 358;
varying dowries, 249, 359;
English contempt for small dowries, 360;
clerical influence, 361;
companionship the only ideal, _ib._;
prudence and rashness, 362;
marriage-feasts of the French peasantry, 369;
marriage of French army officers, 381

Marriage of clergy, opposite ideas in England and France, 208;
Catholic horror at the marriage of a bishop, 209

Meissonier, comparable only with the Dutch, 398

_Mésalliance_ defined, 353

Michelet, his description of Lyons, 439

Milan, King of Servia, educated in a French _lycée_, 58

Military exercises, imposed in France by the conscription, 5;
duelling, 6

Military officers in France and England, 334

Militia in England, a reserve of military amateurs, 92

Mill, John Stuart, observations on French feeling, 47;
on French and English manners, 303;
his influence, 399

Millais, a grouse-shooter, 3

Mirabeau, his declaration of the sovereignty of the people, 105

Mivart, Mr., on intellectual liberty in the Catholic church, 174;
story of the Deluge, 175

Monarchy and Republic, misuse of the terms in France and England, 103;
character of the old monarchy in France, 109

Monarchy in England, its possible duration, 134

Moral training, French and English, the outcome of personal
influence, 39;
a national moral sense necessary, _ib._;
stronger in England than in France, 40;
influence of the Church of England superior to that of Rome, _ib._;
effect of clerical education on unbelievers, 41;
influence of Agnostics, 42;
want of moral authority in lay teaching in France, _ib._;
truthfulness damaged by clerical education of unbelievers, 43;
French boys civilised by their mothers, 44;
home influences and school influences in England, _ib._;
advantages of rural life and grammar schools, 45;
immorality in dealings between nations, _ib._;
value of public opinion as moral authority, 46;
national and professional virtues, _ib._

Morley, Mr. John, his views regarding the House of Lords, 113;
his influence, 401

Morvan, district in France, a peculiar country, language, and
people, 434;
material civilisation, 435;
ignorance of cookery, 436;
contrasted with the Burgundy wine country, _ib._;
absence of the Fine Arts, _ib._

Music, national, prejudices created by political jealousy, 413

Music, sacred and profane, 275

Musset, Alfred de, popularity in France, 403

N

Napoleon I, system of education founded on the classics, and lighter
scientific studies, 28

Napoleon III, never won any real deference, 83

Nature, English love of, not always favourable to art, 37

National Assembly in France, declared sovereign, 107

Nationality in ideas, xviii

National success. See Success

_Noblesse_, French, surpass the _bourgeoisie_ not in learning but in
field sports and equipages, 59;
absence of culture, 60;
life of the rural aristocracy in France, 61;
barbarians in the upper classes, _ib._;
despise trade and all professions save that of a soldier, 62;
faults of, 327;
contempt for work, 328;
effect of poverty, 331;

Nonconformists, natural jealousy of the Church of England, 151;
less tolerant than Anglicans, 152;
social equality not to be gained by disestablishment, 154;
disadvantage in belonging to inferior sects, 155;
Herbert Spencer’s views concerning, 400

Novels and novelists, French and English, 213;
invention of situations, 214;
temptations, 215;
French novels cosmopolitan, 216;
variety in the demand, 217;
trash, 218

O

Ochlocracy, or popular government, 105;
in France a mere question of time, 106

Opportunist politics of the author, xiii

Orders, Religious, story of their expulsion from France explained,
190, 191

Orleans family, misrepresentations as regards expulsion from
France, 194

Orleans princes, educated like other French boys in a _lycée_, 58

Ossian, Macpherson’s, the one literary success in the Scotch
Highlands, 424

Oxford University, associated with social distinctions, 57, 59

P

Painting in France, the exquisite and the vulgar, 396;
qualities of English art, 397;
relative success, _ib._

Palgrave, Mr., statement that Orientals regard Europe as one
nation, 421

Palmerston, Lord, love of hunting and riding, 3

Paris, superior to London in artistic Europe, 35;
artistic ideal contrasted with the English moral ideal, 38;
English siege of, impossible without allies, 89;
a nation like London, 440;
characteristics differing from London, _ib._;
contrast with provincial life, 441;
the light of France, _ib._;
contrast in manners, 442;
in morals, 443;
in individual character, _ib._

Parliamentary system, alone practicable in England and France, xiv;
faulty working, _ib._

Parties in England, probable opposition between strong monarchists
and open republicans, 134

Patrie, a sacred word in France, 74;
“country” no equivalent, 75

Patriotic Duty, in France and England, 91;
English and French ideas compared, _ib._;
volunteer movement in England, 92;
English army more professional than national, _ib._;
want of national feeling in the French army under the Second
Empire, 93;
revolution in public opinion under the Republic, 94;
unity of sentiment between the French army and the nation, 95;
influence of national armies on peace and war, 96;
English repugnance to conscription, _ib._;
likely to be overcome, 97;
patriotism of the English in foreign policy during peace, 98;
absent in France except during war, _ib._;
confusion of patriotism with hatred, 99.

Patriotic Jealousy, between France and England, 85;
rivalry in Europe, _ib._;
in naval strength, _ib._;
equalities and resemblances, 86;
rivalry in Africa and the East, 86, 87;
English jealousy of French colonial enterprise, 87;
French jealousy of English possession of the Channel Islands, 88;
not to be settled by war, 87, 88;
difficulties of conquest on either side, 89;
jealousies reasonable and unreasonable, _ib._

Patriotic Pride, in France and England, 77;
strong in France before the Franco-German war, _ib._;
subdued by the loss of security, 78;
aristocracy humiliated by the establishment of the Republic, 79;
not wounded in England, 80;
strengthened by being the head of English-speaking nations, 81;
by underrating other nations, 82;
easy indifference of the French, 83;
hatred of France for her neighbours, _ib._

Patriotic Tenderness, in France and England, 65;
increasing in France and diminishing in England, _ib._;
loyal and pathetic as expressed in Black’s _Princess of Thule_, 66;
nourished by rural life, _ib._;
colonisation unfavourable to English patriotism, 67;
expression in composite states, _ib._;
increased by religion and poetry, but diminished by travel, _ib._;
causes of its diminution in England, 68;
dispersion of English middle-class families, 69;
reluctance of the French to emigrate, 70;
patriotic tenderness of the Irish, 70;
of the poet Wordsworth, 71;
attachment of the English to foreign countries, 72;
Robert Browning’s love for Italy, _ib._;
illusions of the French as regards France, 73;
provincial feeling stronger in France than in England, 74;
the words _pays_ and _patrie_, _ib._;
no cruel experience of invasion felt in England, 75;
varying intensity, 76

Patriotism, as opposed to impartiality in discussing foreigners, viii;
degenerates into _chauvinisme_, ix

Peasants, French, endurance in walking, 6;
their healthy and active lives in comparison with English factory
workers, 13

Pedestrianism, English ladies better walkers than French, 6

Photography, French superior to English, 399

Physical Education. See Education, French and English

Physical Education, imperfect in England, 1;
amusements of distinguished Englishmen, 2;
cricket and boating, 3;
high physical life of the English aristocracy contrasted with that
of towns, 12;
peasant life in France and factory life in England, 13;
English and French compared, _ib._;
future of the two races, 14

Poaching in France and England, 11

Poetry, foreign difficulties in appreciating, 23;
in France and England, 402;
English not appreciated in France, 406, 407

Politeness. See Manners

Political celebrity in England, 326

Pope, veneration for by Catholics, 54

Prefect, his official rank in France, 335

Pride. See Patriotic

Priests in France, may not shoot, hunt, or row in a boat, 7;
may fish with a hook, 8

President of the French Republic, contemptuous estimate of his
position refuted, 136;
his real influence, 137

Presidential government, American system of, unsuited to France, 110;
compulsory retirement of Grévy and peaceful election of his
successor, 111

_Princess of Thule_, an example of local patriotism, 65

Printing, French and English compared, 395

Protestantism, in England and France, xii;
protected in France by Freethinkers, xv

Protestants, their isolation in France, 155;
ultra-simplicity, 177

Provence contrasted with Brittany, 434

Provincial Feeling, strong in France but not in England, 74;
no cruel experiences of invasion felt in England, 75

Public opinion, its value as a moral authority, 46;
national and professional virtues, _ib._

Puritanism, revolutionised the English
people, 270;
especially the middle classes, 271;
experiences of an English family on a Sunday in Paris, _ib._;
success of Puritanism in Scotland, 274;
sacred and profane music, 275;
effect on literature, 276

Purity, dual relations between the sexes, 207;
physical and mental, 208;
opposite views of Catholic and Protestant of the marriage of
Anglican clergymen, _ib._;
Catholic horror at the marriage of a bishop, 209;
opposite views of marriage with a deceased wife’s sister, _ib._;
illegitimate unions in the lower classes, _ib._;
tolerated in artists and writers, 210;
Victor Hugo and Juliette Drouet, French opinion, 211;
Lewes and Liszt, 212;
immorality in great cities, _ib._;
French novels no evidence of French immorality, 213;
crimes frequent in all imaginary literature, _ib._;
especially in English novels, 214;
French novelists and their readers, 215, 216;
pure literature in France, 219;
misrepresentation of French lubricity, 220;
extreme cases of vice, 221;
social penalties, _ib._;
rustic morals in England and France, 221;
unmarried girls in middle and upper classes, 223;
French and Anglican clergy, _ib._;
soldiers and sailors, 224;
student life in France and England, _ib._;
Scotch and French students, 225;
French and English schools, 226;
domestic life in Paris, 227;
conflicting views of marriage, 228;
moral pride of the English, 229;
want of it in France, 230;
worship of the Virgin Mary, 231;
moral feeling in England stronger than in France, 232

R

Railways, just and unjust accounts of, 205;
Mr. Ruskin’s diatribe, _ib._

Rank, associated as with education in France and England, 56.
See Education

Regattas in France, 8;
clubs, 9

Religion, changed by political revolution, 118;
denial of Christianity or of the authority of the Scriptures a
criminal offence under English law, 118;
dislike of dissenters to be treated as inferiors, 132

Religion, real similarity between England and France, xii;
anomalous antipathies, xv;
relations between Catholics, Protestants, and Freethinkers, _ib._;
decay of reverence in France, 54;
in England confined to the Bible and the throne, 55;
State establishments, French and English compared, 141;
not national in France, 142;
international character of the Catholic priesthood, _ib._;
Anglicanism in England, Presbyterianism in Scotland, and
Catholicism in Ireland, 143;
co-establishments in France, _ib._;
changes under the Republic, 144;
contradiction, 145;
neutrality in France, _ib._;
toleration in England, 146;
modern idea of State protection to all creeds, _ib._;
disestablishment easy in France, 147;
in Great Britain and Ireland, _ib._;
impolicy of confiscating the stipends of priests in France, 148;
subscriptions for the Church easier than for science, 149;
proposed payment of the French clergy through the communes, 150;
disestablishment in England, 151;
natural jealousy of nonconformists, _ib._;
social power of the Church of Rome in France, 153;
isolation of Protestants in France, 155;
disadvantage of belonging to inferior sects, _ib._;
nominal orthodoxy alone required, 156;
dangers of nominal heterodoxy, 157;
State religion supported by Freethinkers, 157, 158;
two senses in the word “faith,” “custom” and “conviction,” 159;
sincerity tested by sacrifice, 160;
example of a young Frenchman, _ib._;
devotion of Catholic Sisters, 161;
strong faith in both Catholics and Protestants, 165;
distinction
between formalism and hypocrisy, 167;
philosophical Anglicans, 171;
examples in the English clergy, 172;
French equivalent, 173;
religion hereditary, _ib._;
external conformity in France, 174;
ritualism and formalism in England, 175;
no ritualist party in France, 176;
sham Christians in England and France, 184, 185;
revolutionised in England by Puritanism, 270;
observance of Sunday in France and England, 272;
incomes of the clergy in France and England, 379

Renan, his influence, 403

Republic, French, regarded by the Conservatives as a foreign
occupation, 391

Republic and Monarchy, misuse of the terms in France and England, 103

Republicans, French, their opposition to England, xvii

Republican sentiment cooling in France, 135

Reverence, dying out in France, 54;
decaying in England except towards the Bible and the Throne, 55

Revolutions in France and England, misleading terms “Republic” and
“Monarchy,” 103;
abolition of absolutism similar in both countries, 104;
want of English sympathy for the growth of liberty in France, _ib._;
beginning of democracy in France, 105;
sovereignty of the people, _ib._;
resemblances between the two revolutions, 106;
sovereignty of the National Assembly and House of Commons, 107;
aristocratic republic in England, 108;
irregular progress of the democracy in France, 109;
absence of a written constitution in England, 109, 110;
cabinet government in England copied by France, 110;
the misleading use in France of American terms, “Republic,”
“President,” “Senate,” 111;
peaceful changes, _ib._

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, his writings on art appreciated in France, 408;
his paintings depreciated as imitations, 410

Rhyme in poetry, difficulties of pronunciation, 23

Ritualism in England promoted by formalism, 175

Rothschild, Baron, abundance of game in his preserves at Ferrières,
11 _note_

Rouen, cultivation of the Fine Arts inferior to that in Manchester
or Liverpool, 34

Royalist sentiment extinct in France, 54, 135

Rural and urban life in France and England, 34

Ruskin, Mr., causes of his success, an art teacher to the English, 37;
his diatribe against railways, 205;
his influence, 400;
no readers in France, 408;
depreciates French art, 413

Russian novels, demand for in France, 409

S

Sabbath. See Sunday

Sabbatarianism of the Scotch Lowlanders, 425

Sarcey, F., his evidence respecting the neglect of English and
German in France, 21

_Saturday Review_, remarks on education in France, 218

Science, superseding literature, 28;
its place in secondary education in France, 29

Science and Art Department in England, 32

Scotland. See _Highlanders_ and _Lowlanders_

Scotland, English ignorance of, 81;
French confusion of Highlanders and Lowlanders, 425

Scott, Sir Walter, a keen sportsman, 3;
his denial of the authorship of Waverley novels, 196;
ignorance of French, 430

Seeley, Professor, proposals as regards Latin and Greek, 18

Seminaries, French ecclesiastical, their effect on pupils, 44

Sentiment, natural to the French, but ridiculous to the English, 47;
filial affection, _ib._;
friendship, 48;
sympathy, 49;
degrees of relationship, _ib._;
funerals, _ib._;
neglected tombs, _ib._;
cultured by the French, 50;
in the English clergy, 51;
English tenderness for animals, 52;
French hardness, 53;
reverence, _ib._;
royalist, absent in France, 54

Servants, domestic, in France and England, 293

Sisters, Catholic working Orders, their devotion, 161;
activity and cheerfulness, 162;
example of an Anglican saint, 163;
more common in France than in England, 164

Shadwell, Vice-Chancellor, family swimming in the Thames, 10

Shakespeare as an Englishman, 429;
his ignorance of French, 430

Shelley, his love of boating and swimming, 3

Shelley unknown in France, 24

Sociability, greater in England than in France, 363;
French liking for talk, 364;
separation of the sexes in France, _ib._;
difference in England, 365;
want of amusements in France, 367;
especially in the provinces, 368;
English lunch unknown in France, _ib._;
decline of hospitality in France, 369;
the club and the _cercle_, _ib._;
restricted by religious and political bigotry, 370;
divisions in France and England, 371

Social distinctions. See Caste

Socrates, indifference to comfort, 286

Spain, her pride wounded by English possession of Gibraltar, 88

Spencer, Herbert, great reputation in France as a thinker, 408

Spencer, Herbert, his term “anti-patriotism,” vii

Spenser, Edmund, not known in France, 24, 26

Sports: see Field sports.
Drill: see Military exercise

Stability, English, French faith in, 129;
wanting in English cabinets, 130;
in the House of Commons, 131;
threatened abolition of the hereditary principle in the House of
Lords, _ib._;
causes of the instability of a State Church, 132;
question as regards the English Throne, 133;
future of England, 134;
of France, 135;
coolness of French republican sentiment, _ib._;
Sir Henry Maine’s estimate of a French president refuted, 136, 137

Stoicism of the English, 47

Strathclyde, old, included the western Lowlanders and Lancashire, 427

Student life in France, 224;
Scotch and French students compared, 225;
morality of boys in French schools, 227

Success, National, abroad, its vanity, 406;
non-appreciation of English poetry in France, _ib._;
French opinions of English writers, 408;
Russian novels in France, 409;
English demand for French novels, _ib._;
French opinion of English art, 411;
influence of Constable on French landscape, _ib._;
wide celebrity of French painters, _ib._;
French art appreciated in England, 412;
English and German music unpopular in France, 413;
national appreciation of minor excellencies, 414;
depreciation of the Houses of Parliament by foreigners, 415;
moral eminence of success in war, _ib._;
French depreciation of the English navy, 416;
military reputation of France and England compared, 417;
changes since the Franco-Prussian war, _ib._;
greatness of England dependent on her superiority in arms, 418

Success, National, at home, 390;
England greater in religion and politics, _ib._;
isolation of French conservatives, 391;
partial success of the Republic, _ib._;
English and French finances,
392;
contrast in party feeling, 393;
arts and sciences, _ib._;
manufactures, 394;
printing, 395;
painting, 396;
home success of French and English artists, 397;
literature, 399;
poetry, 401;
young philosophers, 403;
journalists, _ib._;
dread of war in England and France, 404

Success, Personal, difficult for a French gentleman, 375;
familiar to the middle classes, _ib._;
example of Madame Boucicaut, 376;
money-making, 377;
lotteries and private gambling, _ib._;
overcrowding professions, 378;
wealthy traders, 382;
English manufacturers, _ib._;
cost of living in France and England, 383;
definition of real success, _ib._;
little pleasures, 386;
industrial civilisation a failure, 388

Suffrage in England and France, xi

Sunday in Paris shocking to English and Scotch, 271;
in England before the Puritan revolution, 272;
Catholic observance for the protection of toilers, 273;
example of a French Sunday, _ib._;
in England and Scotland, 274;
distinction between sacred and profane music, 275;
rowing and sailing, _ib._;
effect of the Sabbatarian customs on literature, 276

Swinburne, his exceptional knowledge of technical workmanship in
French poetry, 24

Swimming, cultivated more in France than in England, 9;
exceptional cases of Miss Beckwith, Captain Webb, and
Vice-Chancellor Shadwell’s family, 10

T

Tea-drinking in England opposed to French ideas, 283

Temperance, drinking in France as distinct from drunkenness, 233;
possible allowance of a Frenchman, 234;
wine a safeguard against spirits, 235;
German wine drinking, 236;
difference in drinking habits in France, 237;
French abstainers between meals, 239;
gormandism, _ib._;
temperance of the _gourmet_, 241;
quotation from Thackeray, _ib._;
plain living in France, 242;
consumption of spirits in England, 243;
dipsomania, _ib._;
growing temperance in England, 244;
English love of flesh meat, 245;
French economy, _ib._;
English asceticism, 246

Tenderness. See Patriotic

Tennis, abandoned in France, 4;
the parent of English lawn tennis, _ib._

Tennyson known in France only to students in English literature, 408

Tennyson, his peerage, 323

Thackeray, a French _gourmet_, 241;
ideas of duelling expressed in the _Newcomes_, 278

Thackeray, little appreciated in France, 408

Thrift, superiority of the French to the English, 247;
pettiness and meanness, 248;
English contempt for meanness, _ib._;
selfishness and self-denial, 249;
French anxiety to provide dowries, _ib._;
discouragements to thrift in England, 249;
contempt for small sums, 250;
prodigality of the old French nobility, _ib._;
modern examples of extreme thrift, 251;
English improvidence, 252;
results of thrift on the French nation, _ib._

Titles, the consecration of wealth, 323;
peerages of Tennyson and Victor Hugo, _ib._;
defended by Mr. Bagehot, 325

Tonquin, English jealousy of French expedition, 87;
unpopular in France, 96

Trollope, Anthony, love for fox-hunting, 3

Toussenel, misrepresentations of England in _L’Esprit des Bêtes_,
187, 188

Towns, French, pleasantness compared with English, 34;
render artistic life torpid, _ib._;
their exhibitions inferior to English, _ib._;
inferior taste in
buildings, 35;
inferior to English as art centres, 37

Training. See Moral

Training, physical. See Physical Education

Truth, repressed in French education, 181;
intellectual dishonesty encouraged, 182;
sham admiration in literature and art, 183;
less in England than in France, _ib._;
literary lying about Shakespeare and the classics, _ib._;
sham Christians rewarded, 184;
Sunday observance and family prayers, 185;
political lying, 186;
difference between French and English, _ib._;
French reliance on ignorance, 187;
misrepresentations of Toussenel as regards England, 188;
superiority of English falsehood, 190;
French Government pronounced atheistical, _ib._;
alleged expulsion of religious orders from France, 191;
of removal of crosses from the French cemeteries, 192;
expulsion of the Orleans family, 194;
story of a French catechism, 195;
Walter Scott’s denial of the authorship of _Waverley_, 196;
silence of Chambers as to his _Vestiges of Creation_, _ib._;
French and English ideas of truth, 197

Truthfulness, a social virtue, 41;
damaged by clerical education of unbelievers, _ib._

Turner, not comparable with any French artist, 398

Tyndall, Professor, a mountaineer, 3

U

University in France, teachers of modern languages assuming the
status of classical masters, 21;
professors mostly Agnostics, 42;
bachelor’s degree necessary in France for professions, 56;
not absolutely necessary in England, _ib._;
confers social distinctions in England, not in France, 57

Urban and rural life in France and England, 34

V

Variety in Britain, 421;
four distinct nationalities, 423;
Scotch Highlanders, their inertia, _ib._;
Lowlanders, their Sabbatarianism, industry, intellect, and Fine
Arts, 425;
Lancastrians, their resemblance to the Scotch Lowlanders, 426;
London, a nation, 427;
a state within a state, 428;
Irish, Scotch, Welsh, 429;
Shakespeare and Walter Scott, 430

Variety in France, 432;
English ignorance of provincial France, _ib._;
highlands, plains, and coasts, 433;
seven distinct climates, _ib._;
contrast between Brittany and Provence, 434;
between the Morvan and Burgundy, 435, 436;
departments, provinces, districts, 437;
local climates, 438;
diversities in towns, _ib._;
Paris, a nation, 440;
local as distinguished from London, _ib._;
the most artistic city in Europe, _ib._;
contrasted with the provinces, 441;
contrast in manners, 442;
in morals, 443;
modern diminution of variety in France, 444

Velocipedes in France and England, 8

Velocipedes, undignified in France, 8

Veneration, Catholic, for priests, 54;
absence of in French republicans, _ib._;
for Victor Hugo, Ingres, Chevreul, _ib._;
want of in French family life, 55;
in England for the Bible and the Throne, _ib._

Victoria, Queen, an example of open expression of the feelings, 51

Victorian era, probable consequences, 133;
monarchy in England, its probable duration, 134

Virtues, maintained only by a strong public opinion, 46

Virtues. See Truth

Volunteer movement in England produced by a sense of danger, 92

Voysey, Mr., his warning to dissenters, 154

W

War, diminution of national enthusiasm in England and France, 262

War, dreaded in England and France, 405

Wealth of France and England compared, 339;
creations of the nineteenth century, 340;
developments of industries, 341;
social value of wealth in England, 342;
French feeling, 343;
sanctity of wealth in England, 344;
sentiments of the poor, 345;
views of Matthew Arnold, _ib._;
and Gerald Massey, 346;
aggressiveness of mill-hands in Lancashire, 347;
respectful civility in France, 349;
national defence, 351;
rich traders and manufacturers, 382;
cost of living in France and England, 383

Webb, Captain, the English swimmer, 10

Wine drinking in France, 233, 234;
in Germany, 236;
advantages of cheap wine, 236;
wine and water, 238;
growth of English taste for French wines, 282

Women, their severe conservatism, 121

Wordsworth, a pedestrian, 2

THE END

_Printed by_ R. & R. CLARK, _Edinburgh_.

Transcriber’s Notes

Obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected. Variations in hyphenation and accents have been standardised but all other spelling and punctuation remains unchanged.

Italics are represented thus _italic_.