Chapter IX: Part 9

Late one afternoon, as we neared the Banks, the word spread on deck that the knobs and pinnacles of a thunder-cloud sunk below the horizon, and that deeply and sharply notched the western rim of the sea, were icebergs. The captain was quoted as authority. He probably encouraged the delusion. The jaded passengers wanted a new sensation. Everybody was willing, even anxious, to believe them icebergs, and some persons would have them so, and listened coldly and reluctantly to any proof to the contrary. What we want to believe, what it suits our convenience, or pleasure, or prejudice, to believe, one need not go to sea to learn what slender logic will incline us to believe. To a firm, steady gaze, these icebergs were seen to be momently changing their forms, new chasms opening, new pinnacles rising: but these appearances were easily accounted for by the credulous; the ice mountains were rolling over, or splitting asunder. One of the rarest things in the average cultivated man or woman is the capacity to receive and weigh evidence touching any natural phenomenon, especially at sea. If the captain had deliberately said that the shifting forms there on the horizon were only a school of whales playing at leap-frog, all the women and half the men among the passengers would have believed him.

In going to England in early May, we encountered the fine weather, the warmth and the sunshine as of June, that had been "central" over the British Islands for a week or more, five or six hundred miles from shore. We had come up from lower latitudes, and it was as if we had ascended a hill and found summer at the top, while a cold, backward spring yet lingered in the valley. But on our return in early August, the positions of spring and summer were reversed. Scotland was cold and rainy, and for several days at sea you could in the distance hardly tell the sea from the sky, all was so gray and misty. In mid-Atlantic we ran into the American climate. The great continent, basking there in the western sun, and glowing with midsummer heat, made itself felt to the centre of this briny void. The sea detached itself sharply from the sky, and became like a shield of burnished steel, which the sky surrounded like a dome of glass. For four successive nights the sun sank clear in the wave, sometimes seeming to melt and mingle with the ocean. One night a bank of mist seemed to impede his setting. He lingered a long while partly buried in it, then slowly disappeared as through a slit in the vapor, which glowed red-hot, a mere line of fire, for some moments afterward.

As we neared home the heat became severe. We were going down the hill into a fiery valley. Vast stretches of the sea were like glass bending above the long, slow heaving of the primal ocean. Swordfish lay basking here and there on the surface, too lazy to get out of the way of the ship:--

"The air was calm, and on the level brine
Sleek Panope with all her sisters played."

Occasionally a whale would blow, or show his glistening back, attracting a crowd to the railing. One morning a whale plunged spitefully through the track of the ship but a few hundred yards away.

But the prettiest sight in the way of animated nature was the shoals of dolphins occasionally seen during these brilliant torrid days, leaping and sporting, and apparently racing with the vessel. They would leap in pairs from the glassy surface of one swell of the steamer across the polished chasm into the next swell, frisking their tails and doing their best not to be beaten. They were like fawns or young kine sporting in a summer meadow. It was the only touch of mirth, or youth and jollity, I saw in the grim sea. Savagery and desolation make up the prevailing expression here. The sea-fowls have weird and disconsolate cries, and appear doomed to perpetual solitude. But these dolphins know what companionship is, and are in their own demesne. When one sees them bursting out of the waves, the impression is that school is just out; there come the boys, skipping and laughing, and, seeing us just passing, cry to one another: "Now for a race! Hurrah, boys! We can beat 'em!"

One notices any change in the course of the ship by the stars at night. For nearly a week Venus sank nightly into the sea far to the north of us. Our course coming home is south-southwest. Then, one night, as you promenade the deck, you see, with a keen pleasure, Venus through the rigging dead ahead. The good ship has turned the corner; she has scented New York harbor, and is making straight for it, with New England far away there on her right. Now sails and smoke-funnels begin to appear. All ocean paths converge here: full-rigged ships, piled with canvas, are passed, rocking idly upon the polished surface; sails are seen just dropping below the horizon, phantom ships without hulls, while here and there the black smoke of some steamer tarnishes the sky. Now we pass steamers that left New York but yesterday; the City of Rome--looking, with her three smoke-stacks and her long hull, like two steamers together--creeps along the southern horizon, just ready to vanish behind it. Now she stands in the reflected light of a great white cloud which makes a bright track upon the water like the full moon. Then she slides on into the dim and even dimmer distance, and we slide on over the tropic sea, and, by a splendid run, just catch the tide at the moment of its full, early the next morning, and pass the bar off Sandy Hook without a moment of time or an inch of water to spare.

INDEX

Alloway, 8, 133-134, 160.

Anemone. _See_ Rue-anemone.

Angler, an English, 83-85.

Anglo-Saxon, the, 45.

Annan, 72.

Annan bridge, 68, 69.

Ants, 178-181.

Arbutus, trailing, 164, 172, 173.

Arethusa, 172.

Argyll, Duke of, on the comparative merits of British and
American song-birds, 113-116, 119.

Arnold, Matthew, quotations from, 78, 169, 212.

Arthur's Seat, 48, 49.

Ash, 19.

Asters, 196.

Audubon, John James, 123, 124.

Avon, the Scottish river, 39.

Ayr, 46.

Azaleas, 173.

Barrington, Dames, 119, 126, 138.

Bean, horse _or_ Winchester, 169.

Bear, black (_Ursus americanus_), 186.

Bee. _See_ Bumblebee _and_ Honey-bee.

Beech, European, 18, 19, 40, 41, 97.

Beetle, ants and, 179, 180.

Beetle, Colorado, 194.

Ben Lomond, 24.

Ben Nevis, 25.

Ben Venue, 23, 24, 155.

Birds, blue not a common color among British, 93;
voices of British, 105, 142;
source of the charm of their songs, 113;
the Duke of Argyll on the comparative merits of British and
American song-birds, 113-116;
the American bird-choir larger and embracing more good
songsters than the British, 119-129;
British more familiar, prolific, and abundant than American,
125, 126;
superior vivacity and strength of voice in British, 126;
hours and seasons of singing of British and American, 126,
127, 143;
superior sweetness, tenderness, and melody in the songs of
American, 128, 143-145;
the two classes of British song-birds, 142, 143;
certain localities favored by, 144;
British more prolific than American, 189, 190;
warm and compact nests of British, 190;
abundance of British, 190-192.

Blackberry, 18, 52, 168.

Blackbird, European, song of, 86, 90, 105, 114, 129, 136, 139,
145;
nest of, 66.

Blackbird, red-winged. _See_ Starling, red-shouldered.

Blackcap, _or_ black-capped warbler, 87, 92;
song of, 105, 115, 123, 129, 137, 140.

Bloodroot, 172.

Bluebell. _See_ Hyacinth, wild.

Bluebird (_Sialia sialis_), notes of, 120, 123, 129.

Blue-bonnet, 189.

Blue-weed, _or_ viper's bugloss, 168, 171.

Bobolink (_Dolichonyx oryzivorus_), song of, 118, 120, 123,
125, 129.

Bob-white. _See_ Quail.

Bouncing Bet, 171.

Boys, at Ecclefechan, 64-66;
a Godalming boy, 92-95.

Bridges, arched, 68, 69.

Brig o' Doon, 26.

Britain. _See_ Great Britain.

Bryant, William Cullen, as a poet of the woods, 43.

Bugloss, viper's. _See_ Blue-weed.

Building-stone, softness of British, 26.

Bullfinch, notes of, 129.

Bumblebee, 17-19, 195.

Bunting, indigo. _See_ Indigo-bird.

Burns, Robert, the Scotch love of, 48;
quotation from, 135, 225.

Buttercup, 16, 165, 196.

Calopogon, 172.

Campion, bladder, 171.

Canterbury, 10, 11;
the cathedral of, 11-13.

Cardinal. _See_ Grosbeak, cardinal.

Carlyle, James, father of Thomas Carlyle, 55, 59, 60, 69-71,
73.

Carlyle, Mrs. James, 55, 61.

Carlyle, Jane Baillie Welsh, 221-223.

Carlyle, Thomas, quotations from, 25, 49, 50, 58, 60, 61, 71,
73, 75, 204, 206-209, 211, 215-217, 219, 223-226, 228-232,
234, 236-238, 240, 241, 246-248, 251, 254-259, 266;
residences of, 49-51, 54, 55;
the grave of, 56, 57;
at the graves of his father and mother, 57, 58;
his reverence and affection for his kindred, 58;
his family traits, 58, 59;
his love of Scotland, 59, 60;
his affection for his mother, 61;
an old road-mender's opinion of, 67;
his style, 71, 75;
his connection with Irving, 72;
an indomitable worker, 73-75;
his house in Chelsea, 199, 200;
a call on, 200-202;
on Scott, 201, 202;
his correspondence with Emerson, 203, 204, 208-210;
his friendship with Emerson, 203, 204;
compared and contrasted with Emerson, 203-210, 212;
his magnanimous wrathfulness, 203, 204;
a man of action, 207;
a regal and dominating man, 211, 212;
as an historical writer, 213, 214;
his power of characterization, 214, 215;
his vocabulary of vituperation, 216, 217;
not a philosopher, 217, 218;
his struggle against odds, 218-220;
his unselfishness, 220, 221;
his relations with his wife, 221-223;
his passion for heroes, 223-226, 232-234;
his glorification of the individual will, 226;
his earnestness, 227;
a master portrait-painter, 228-232;
the value he set on painted portraits, 232;
his hatred of democracy, 232-251;
his large capital of faith, 251-253;
his religious belief, 251-257;
his attitude of renunciation, 255, 256;
his search for the truth, 256, 257;
his egoism, 258;
value of his teaching, 258-266;
his isolation of soul, 262-264;
his mission, 265;
his _Oliver Cromwell_, 211, 212;
his _Frederick the Great_, 211-217, 242.

Carlyle family, the, 56-61, 67, 70, 71.

Catbird (_Galeoscoptes carolinensis_), notes of, 117, 120,
125, 129.

Cathedrals, Canterbury, 11-13;
images in, 15;
soil collected on the walls of, 21;
Rochester, 21;
St. Paul's, 182.

Catskill Mountains, contrasted with the mountains of Scotland,
7;
scenery in, 38;
the valleys of, 149.

Cattle, of the Scotch Highlands, 25.

Cedar-bird, _or_ cedar waxwing (_Ampelis cedrorum_), notes of,
115.

Celandine, 172.

Celts, the, 45.

Chaffinch, or shilfa, 133, 134, 191;
song of, 79, 90, 95, 129, 133, 134;
nest of, 65, 190.

Chat, yellow-breasted (_Icteria virens_), 117;
song of, 117, 120, 125.

Chewink, _or_ towhee (_Pipilo erythrophthalmus_), notes of,
118, 120, 125, 129.

Chickadee (_Parus atricapillus_), notes of, 129.

Chiffchaff, notes of, 95, 143.

Chipmunk (_Tamias striatus_), 195.

Chippie. _See_ Sparrow, social.

Cicada, _or_ harvest-fly, 194, 195.

Cinquefoil, 17.

Claytonia, _or_ spring beauty, 164, 172.

Clematis, wild, 17.

Clouds, in England, 107;
at sea, 269-273.

Clover (_Trifolium incarnatum_), 93, 169.

Clover, red, 16, 52.

Clover, white, 16, 17, 165.

Clover, yellow, 16.

Clyde, the, sailing up, 2-7.

Cockscomb, 160.

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, quotation from, 166, 167, 228.

Coltsfoot, 170.

Columbine, 38, 173.

Commons, in England, 104.

Convolvulus, 19.

Copses, in England, 82.

Cormorants, 189.

Corn-crake, notes of, 132.

Cow-bunting, _or_ cowbird (_Molothrus ater_), notes of, 125.

Cranesbill, 53.

Creeper, European brown, 189.

Crow, carrion, 193.

Cuckoo (_Coccyzus_ sp.), notes of, 127.

Cuckoo, European, 65;
notes of, 77, 78, 95, 123, 138, 148.

Curlew, European, 107;
notes of, 141.

Daffodils, 165, 172.

Daisy, English, 52, 159, 160, 196.

Daisy, ox-eye, 160, 165, 196.

Dalibarda, 164.

Dandelion, 16, 165.

Danton, Georges Jacques, 229.

Darwin, Charles, 31, 32.

Dead-nettle, 161.

Democracy, Carlyle's opinion of, 232-251.

De Quincey, Thomas, 230.

Desmoulins, Camille, 229.

Devil's Punch-Bowl, the, 88.

Dicentra, 38, 164, 172.

Dickens, Charles, 231.

Dock, sorrel (_Rumex acetosa_), 170.

Docks, 171.

Dog-fish, 188.

Dolphins, 274, 275.

Doon, the, 46, 132, 134, 161, 162.

Dover, the cliffs of, 13, 14.

Ducks, wild, 186.

Eagle, 187, 188.

Earthworm, as a cultivator of the soil, 31, 32.

Easing, 94, 103.

Ecclefechan, 39;
the journey from Edinburgh to, 49-55;
in the village and churchyard of, 55-58, 61-64;
birds'-nesting boys of, 64-66;
walks about, 67-72;
the "dogfight," 67.

Edinburgh, 48, 49, 178.

Edward, Thomas, 187, 188.

Elder, English, 10.

Elecampane, 171.

Elm, English, 19, 97.

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, as a poet of the woods, 43, 44;
quotations from, 43, 44, 102, 176, 210, 213, 214, 218, 221;
statement on fields, 53;
his friendship with Carlyle, 203, 204;
compared and contrasted with Carlyle, 203-210, 212;
his correspondence with Carlyle, 203, 204, 208-210, 225.

England, tour in, 9;
walks in, 9-20;
the green turf of, 20-23, 29, 31, 32;
building-stone of, 26;
humanization of nature in, 27, 28;
repose of the landscape in, 29-34;
foliage in, 29-31;
cultivated fields of, 32, 33;
grazing in, 33;
the climate as a promoter of greenness, 33, 34;
pastoral beauty of, 35, 36;
lack of wild and aboriginal beauty in, 36, 37;
no rocks worth mentioning in, 37;
woods in, 38-43;
plowing in, 53, 54;
country houses and village houses in, 62, 63;
haying in, 80, 108, 109, 153;
a farm and a farmer in the south of, 77, 80, 81;
sunken roads of, 94, 95;
inns of, 96, 97, 100-103;
sturdiness and picturesqueness of the trees in, 97;
commons in, 104;
weather of, 106, 107;
the bird-songs of, compared with those of New York and New
England, 113-129;
impressions of some birds of, 131-145;
stillness at twilight in, 194, 195.
_See_ Great Britain.

English, the, contrasted with the Scotch, 45;
a prolific people, 176-178.

Europe, animals and plants of, more versatile and dominating
than those of America, 184-186.

Farming in the south of England, 80, 81.

Fells, in the north of England, 158.

Fern, maiden-hair, 173.

Fieldfare, 186.

Finch, purple (_Carpodacus purpureus_), song of, 118, 120,
123, 129.

Finches, songs of, 122, 123.

Fir, Scotch, 39.

Flicker. _See_ High-hole.

Flowers, wild, American more shy and retiring than British,
163, 164, 196;
species fewer but individuals more abundant in Great Britain
than in America, 165;
effect of latitude on the size and color of, 168;
effect of proximity to the sea on, 168, 169;
British less beautiful but more abundant and noticeable than
American, 172, 173;
British and American sweet-scented, 173;
abundance of British, 196.

Flycatcher, British, 121, 189.

Flycatcher, great crested (_Myiarchus crinitus_), notes of,
118, 121.

Flycatcher, little green or green-crested (_Empidonax
virescens_), notes of, 121.

Fog, at sea, 271, 272.

Foliage, in England and America, 29-31.
_See_ Trees.

Footpath, an English, 89, 90.

Forget-me-not, 196.

Fox, European red, 187, 188.

Foxglove, 90, 133, 148, 165;
a beautiful and conspicuous flower, 166;
in poetry, 166, 167, 196.

Frederick the Great, 242.

Frogs, 194.

Froude, James Anthony, his _Thomas Carlyle_, 258, 259.

Furze, _or_ whin, 169, 170.

Gannets, 189.

Garlic, hedge, 172.

Geranium, wild, 168.

Gillyflower, 162.

Glasgow, 2, 8, 9, 46, 47, 72.

Globe-flower, 162.

Goat Fell, 6.

Godalming, 89, 91, 92, 101, 102.

Goethe, 225, 227.

Goldenrod, 18, 196.

Goldfinch, American (_Spinus tristis_), notes of, 118, 120,
122, 123, 129.

Goldfinch, European, 140;
song of, 122, 129, 140.

Goose, solan, 189.

Grasmere, 148-151.

Grasshoppers, 194.

Graves, "extinct," 70, 71.

Great Britain, wild flowers of, 159-174, 196;
species less numerous than in America but individuals more
abundant, 164, 165;
weeds in, 170, 171;
prolific life of, 175-197.
_See_ England, Scotland, _and_ Wales.

Greenfinch, _or_ green linnet, 140;
notes of, 18, 86, 129, 140.

Greenock, Scotland, 3, 4.

Grosbeak, blue (_Guiraca cœrulea_), song of, 123.

Grosbeak, cardinal, _or_ cardinal (_Cardinalis cardinalis_),
song of, 92, 123.

Grosbeak, rose-breasted (_Habia ludoviciana_), notes of, 118,
120, 123, 129, 144, 145.

Grote, George, 231.

Ground-chestnut. _See_ Pig-nut.

Grouse, 186.

Grouse, ruffed (_Bonasa umbellus_), 39.

Gudgeon, 94.

Gulls, European, 175, 186, 189.

Haggard falcon, 14.

Hairbird. _See_ Sparrow, social.

Hamilton, Duke of, his parks, 39, 40, 193.

Hanger, the, 40, 41, 104.

Harbledown hill, 11, 12.

Hare, European, 23, 188, 194.

Harebell, 168.

Harvest-fly. _See_ Cicada.

Hawk, 186.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 44.

Haymaking in England, 80, 108, 109, 153.

Hazlemere, 89.

Heather, 170.

Hedgehog, 19.

Hedge-sparrow, 65;
notes of, 129;
nest of, 65.

Hellebore, green, 172.

Helvellyn, 153-156.

Hepatica, 172.

Herb Robert, 18, 163.

Herring, on the coast of Scotland, 188, 189.

High-hole, _or_ flicker (_Colaptes auratus_), notes of, 118, 120.

Hitchin, 109, 110.

Honey-bee, 185.

Honeysuckle, wild, 90.

House-martin, _or_ martlet, _or_ window-swallow, 142;
notes of, 142;
nest of, 69, 142.

Hummingbird, ruby-throated (_Trochilus colubris_), notes of,
115.

Hunt, Leigh, 230.

Hyacinth, wild, _or_ bluebell, 163, 172, 196.

Hyla, 194.

Indigo-bird, _or_ indigo bunting (_Passerina cyanea_), song
of, 120, 123, 127, 129.

Inns, English, 96, 97, 100-103.

Insects, music of, 194, 195.

Ireland, the peat of, 1.

Irving, Edward, 72, 227.

Jackdaw, 12, 186;
notes of, 142.

Jay, British, 93, 98;
notes of, 142.

Jewel-weed, 173.

Johnson, Samuel, 225.

Junco, slate-colored. _See_ Snowbird.

Katydids, 194.

Keats, John, quotations from, 111, 166.

Kent, walks in, 9-14.

Kingbird (_Tyrannus tyrannus_), notes of, 118, 121, 127.

Kinglet, European golden-crested, _or_ golden-crested wren,
121, 189;
song of, 140.

Kinglet, golden-crowned, _or_ golden-crowned wren (_Regulus
satrapa_), song of, 121.

Kinglet, ruby-crowned (_Regulus calendula_), 122;
song of, 121, 122.

Lady's-slipper, 172.

Lake district, the, 148-158.

Lake Mohunk, 37.

Lamb, Charles, 228.

Lapwing, or pewit, 141;
cry of, 107.

Lark. _See_ Skylark _and_ Wood-lark.

Lark, grasshopper, notes of, 127.

Leechmere bottom, 103-105.

Lichens, in America and in England, 36, 37.

Linnet, English, song of, 122, 123, 129.

Linnet, green. _See_ Greenfinch.

Liphook, 106, 107.

Live-for-ever, 171.

Lockerbie, 52.

London, streets above streets in, 178;
overflowing life of, 181, 182;
a domestic city, 182, 183.

Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 44.

Loosestrife, purple, 168.

Maidstone, 10.

Mainhill, 54, 55.

Maple, European, 30, 31, 173.

Marigold, corn, 173.

Martin, purple (_Progne subis_), 125;
notes of, 129.

Martlet. _See_ House-martin.

Mavis. _See_ Thrush, song.

Meadowlark (_Sturnella magna_), notes of, 118, 120, 129.

Meadow-sweet, 17, 169.

Medeola, 164.

Midges, 98.

Mill, John Stuart, 229, 230.

Milton, John, quotations from, 42.

Mirabeau, Comte de, 228, 229.

Mockingbird (_Mimus polyglottos_), song of, 127-129.

Moschatel, 172.

Mountains, of Scotland, 6, 7, 21-25;
of the Lake district, 153-158.

Mouse, European field, 186.

Mullein, 171.

Mustard, wild, 171.

Nettle, 18, 20, 160, 161.

Nettle, Canada, 161.

Newt, red, 39.

Nightingale, a glimpse of, 99;
at the head of a series of British song-birds, 142, 143;
notes of, 77-79, 87, 89, 92, 96, 99, 102, 110, 111, 114,
116, 123, 124, 128, 129, 140, 145.

Nightjar, notes of, 84.

Nuthatch, European, 140, 189.

Oak, English, 19, 97.

Ocean, the, voyage across, 267-269;
clouds, 269-273;
fog, 271, 272;
the weather, 273, 274;
animal life, 274, 275;
the end of the voyage, 275, 276.

Orchids, purple, 168.

Oriole, Baltimore (_Icterus galbula_), notes of, 118, 120,
125, 129.

Oriole, orchard, _or_ orchard starling (_Icterus spurius_),
song of, 120, 125.

Otter, 187.

Ousel, ringed, 24.

Ousel, water, 149, 150.

Oven-bird. _See_ Wagtail, wood.

Owl, 188.

Pansy, wild, 65.

Partridge, European, 186;
nest of, 186.

Peat, 1.

Pewee, wood (_Contopus virens_), notes of, 39, 121.

Pewit. _See_ Lapwing.

Phœbe-bird (_Sayornis phœbe_), notes of, 121.

Pig-nut, _or_ ground-chestnut, 162, 163.

Pine, white, 173.

Pipit, American, _or_ titlark (_Anthus pensilvanicus_), song
of, 129.

Pipit, meadow, nest and eggs of, 162, 189.

Pipit, mountain, 24.

Plane-tree, European, 30.

Plantain, 19.

Plantain, narrow-leaved, 16, 17.

Plato, 225, 226.

Plowing, in England and Scotland, 53, 54.

Polecat, 187.

Polecat Hill, 88.

Pond-lily, European white, 173.

Poppy, 52, 165, 173, 196.

Primrose, 172, 196.

Privet, 19.

Prunella, 16, 17, 53, 168.

Quail, _or_ bob-white (_Colinus virginianus_), 190.

Rabbit, European, 187, 193, 194.

Railway-trains, the view from, 51.

Rats, 187.

Redbreast. _See_ Robin redbreast.

Redstart, American (_Setophaga ruticilla_), song of, 129.

Redstart, European, notes of, 129.

Reed-sparrow, song of, 129.

Repentance Hill, 67, 68.

Road-mender, an old, 67.

Robin, American (_Merula migratoria_), song of, 114, 120, 129,
136.

Robin redbreast, 189;
song of, 90, 98, 105, 123, 127, 129, 139, 145;
nest of, 65.

Rochester Castle, 21, 191.

Rochester Cathedral, 21.

Rogers, Samuel, 231.

Rook, 191, 192;
notes of, 142;
nest of, 192.

Rook-pie, 191, 192.

Rose, wild, 17.

Rothay, the river, 149, 150.

Rousseau, Jean Jacques, 229.

Rue-anemone, 172.

_Rumex acetosa_, 170.

Rydal Mount, 41.

St. John's-wort, 19.

St. Paul's Cathedral, 182.

Salisbury Crags, 48, 49.

Salmon, 188.

Sandpiper, European, notes of, 40, 115, 141.

Sandpiper, spotted (_Actitis macularia_), notes of, 115, 120.

Scotch, the, contrasted with the English, 45;
acquaintances among, 46, 47;
a trait of, 47, 48;
their love for Burns, 48.

Scotland, first sight of, 2-7;
mountains of, 6, 7, 21-25;
tour through, 8;
moorlands of, 25;
streams and lakes of, 25, 26;
plowing in, 53, 54;
work of women and girls in the fields in, 54;
country houses and village houses in, 62, 63;
free use of paint in, 69, 70.
_See_ Great Britain.

Scotsbrig, 62.

Scott, Sir Walter, Carlyle on, 201, 202, 225.

Sea. _See_ Ocean.

Sedge-warbler, song of, 85.

Selbourne, 40, 103-105, 108, 109.

Shackerford, 94-102.

Shakespeare, quotations from, 42, 69, 78, 147, 161-164, 184;
and other authors, 147, 210, 212.

Shakespeare's Cliff, 14.

Shawangunk Mountains, 37.

Shilfa. _See_ Chaffinch.

Ship-building on the Clyde, 4-6.

Shottery, the fields about, 16, 17.

Skylark, 80;
in America, 116;
at the head of a series of British song-birds, 142, 143;
song of, 4, 11, 18, 86, 114, 116, 118, 119, 126, 129, 132.

Snails, ants and snail, 180, 181;
abundance of, in England, 195, 196.

Snowbird, _or_ slate-colored junco (_Junco hyemalis_), song
of, 125.

Solomon's-seal, 18.

Sorrel, sheep, 170. _See_ Dock.

Southey, Robert, 231.

Sparrow, bush _or_ wood _or_ field (_Spizella pusilla_), song
of, 118, 120, 121, 127, 129, 143.

Sparrow, English (_Passer domesticus_), 185;
Carlyle on, 201.

Sparrow, fox (_Passerella iliaca_), song of, 121, 129.

Sparrow, savanna (_Ammodramus sandwichensis savanna_), notes
of, 118, 129.

Sparrow, social _or_ chipping, _or_ hair-bird, _or_ chippie
(_Spizella socialis_), song of, 120, 127.

Sparrow, song (_Melospiza fasciata_), notes of, 118, 120, 129,
143.

Sparrow, swamp (_Melospiza georgiana_), song of, 120.

Sparrow, vesper (_Poöcœtes gramineus_), song of, 120, 129.

Sparrow, white-crowned (_Zonotrichia leucophrys_), song of,
121.

Sparrow, white-throated (_Zonotrichia albicollis_), song of,
121.

Sparrows, songs of, 120, 121.

Speedwell, blue, 160, 167, 196.

Spring beauty. _See_ Claytonia.

Spurge, wood, 172.

Squirrel, European, 195.

Squirrel, flying (_Sciuropterus volans_), 186, 195.

Squirrel, gray (_Sciurus carolinensis_ var. _leucotis_), 39,
195.

Squirrel, red (_Sciurus hudsonicus_), 195.

Starling, European, 191;
nest of, 191.

Starling, orchard. _See_ Oriole, orchard.

Starling, red-shouldered, _or_ red-winged blackbird (_Agelaius
phœniceus_), notes of, 118, 120.

Stone. _See_ Building-stone.

Stork, nest of, 187.

Stratford-on-Avon, 15, 17, 19, 26, 169.

Strawberry, wild, 164.

Succory, 168.

Swallow, barn (_Chelidon erythrogaster_), 2.

Swallow, chimney, _or_ chimney swift (_Chætura pelagica_),
190;
notes of, 125, 142;
nest of, 186.

Swallow, cliff (_Petrochelidon lunifrons_), nests of, 178,
186.

Swallow, European chimney, 2, 142;
notes of, 2;
nest of, 2, 142.

Swallow, window. _See_ House-martin.

Swift, chimney. _See_ Swallow, chimney.

Swift, European, notes of, 142;
nest of, 2, 191.

Swordfish, 274.

Tanager, scarlet (_Piranga erythromelas_), song of, 118, 120,
123, 127, 129.

Tarns, 153-155.

Teasel, 19.

Tennyson, Alfred, quotations from, 30, 160, 163, 166, 167;
residences, 43, 81, 103;
Carlyle's portrait of, 230, 231.

Thames, up the, 15.

Thistle, Scotch, 20, 171.

Thoreau, Henry D., 44.

Thrasher, brown (_Harporhynchus rufus_), notes of, 117, 120,
125, 129;
nest of, 117.

Throstle. _See_ Thrush, song.

Thrush, hermit (_Turdus aonalaschkæ pallasii_), 120;
song of, 123, 128, 129.

Thrush, missel, song of, 114, 129.

Thrush, song, _or_ mavis, _or_ throstle, song of, 98, 105,
114, 129, 134-136, 139, 145.

Thrush, Wilson's. _See_ Veery.

Thrush, olive-backed or Swainson's (_Turdus ustulatus
swainsonii_), song of, 145.

Thrush, wood (_Turdus mustelinus_), notes of, 80, 118, 120,
123, 127, 129, 144, 145;
nest of, 79, 80.

Timothy grass, 169.

Tit, great. _See_ Titmouse, great.

Tit, marsh, 189.

Titlark. _See_ Pipit, American.

Titlark, European, notes of, 129.

Titmouse, great, _or_ great tit, 189;
notes of, 129.

Titmouse, long-tailed, 189.

Toad, 194.

Tomtit, nest of, 65.

Towhee. _See_ Chewink.

Tree-cricket, 194.

Trees, sturdiness and picturesqueness of English, 97.
_See_ Foliage.

Trillium, painted, 172.

Trilliums, 164.

Trosachs, the, 178.

Trout, British, 84.

Turf, of England and Scotland, 20-26, 29, 31, 32.

Ulleswater, 153-155.

Uvularia, 164.

Valleys, 149.

Veery, _or_ Wilson's thrush (_Turdus fuscescens_), 120;
song of, 128, 144, 145.

Vervain, 168.

Vetches, 196.

Violet, bird's-foot, 173.

Violet, yellow, 164.

Vireo, brotherly love _or_ Philadelphia (_Vireo philadelphicus_),
song of, 129.

Vireo, red-eyed (_Vireo olivaceus_), song of, 118, 120, 122,
127, 129, 143.

Vireo, solitary _or_ blue-headed (_Vireo solitarius_), 120,
122;
song of, 129.

Vireo, warbling (_Vireo gilvus_), song of, 122, 143.

Vireo, white-eyed (_Vireo noveboracensis_), 122;
song of, 120, 122, 129.

Vireo, yellow-throated (_Vireo flavifrons_), notes of, 129.

Vireos, songs of, 122, 128.

Virgil, quotation from, 79.

Wagtail, water. _See_ Water-thrush, large-billed.

Wagtail, wood, _or_ golden-crowned thrush, _or_ golden-crowned
accentor, _or_ oven-bird (_Seiurus aurocapillus_), song
of, 124, 125, 127-129.

Wales, rock scenery in, 37.

Warbler, black-capped. _See_ Blackcap.

Warbler, black-throated green (_Dendroica virens_), song of,
129.

Warbler, Canada (_Sylvania canadensis_), song of, 129.

Warbler, garden, 141;
song of, 105, 115, 123.

Warbler, hooded (_Sylvania mitrata_), song of, 129.

Warbler, Kentucky (_Geothlypis formosa_), song of, 123.

Warbler, mourning (_Geothlypis philadelphia_), song of, 129.

Warbler, reed, notes of, 116.

Warbler, willow, _or_ willow-wren, song of, 129, 136, 137;
nest and eggs of, 66, 137, 189, 190.

Warbler, yellow. _See_ Yellowbird, summer.

Water-lily. _See_ Pond-lily.

Water-plantain, 168.

Water-thrush, large-billed _or_ Louisiana, _or_ water wagtail
(_Seiurus motacilla_), 124;
song of, 123-125, 129.

Waxwing, cedar. _See_ Cedar-bird.

Weasel, 19, 187.

Webster, Daniel, 231.

Weeds, in Great Britain and in America, 170, 171.

Westmoreland, 148-158.

Whale, 274.

Wheat-ear, 24, 156.

Whin. _See_ Furze.

White, Gilbert, 78, 85, 89, 119-122, 127, 137.

Whitethroat, song of, 86, 95, 105, 115, 123, 129, 137.

Wolf, 185, 186.

Wolmer Forest, 40, 107.

Woodbine, 38.

Woodcock, European, 186.

Wood-frog, 39.

Wood-lark, 87, 92, 140;
song of, 125, 127, 129.

Wood-pigeon, notes of, 86, 98.

Woodruff, 163.

Woods, of America, 38;
of England, 38-43;
in poetry, 42-44.

Wordsworth, William, 43;
quotations from, 110, 119, 151, 152, 157, 160, 165, 167;
the poet of those who love solitude, 147;
his house at Grasmere, 151;
his attitude toward nature, 151, 152;
his lonely heart, 157.

Wren, British house, _or_ Jenny Wren, 66;
notes of, 18, 40, 86, 116, 121, 127, 129, 138;
nest of, 86, 189, 190.

Wren, European golden-crested. _See_ Kinglet, European
golden-crested.

Wren, golden-crowned. _See_ Kinglet, golden-crowned.

Wren, house (_Troglodytes aëdon_), song of, 120, 121, 129.

Wren, long-billed marsh (_Cistothorus palustris_), song of,
120, 121.

Wren, willow. _See_ Warbler, willow.

Wren, winter (_Troglodytes hiemalis_), 121;
song of, 121, 128, 129, 144, 145.

Wrens, songs of, 121.

Wryneck, 189.

Yarrow, 17, 52.

Yellowbird, summer, _or_ yellow warbler (_Dendroica æstiva_),
song of, 120, 129.

Yellow-hammer, _or_ yellow yite, notes of, 16, 18, 127, 129,
140, 143;
nest of, 65.

Yellow-throat, Maryland (_Geothlypis trichas_), song of, 118,
120, 129.

* * * * * *

Transcriber's note:

Variations in spelling and hyphenation have been left as in the original.

The following corrections have been made to the text:

Page 83: conscious of the train that passed[original has
"paased"]

Page 103: continue my walk back to Godalming[original has
"Goldalming"]

Page 204: far enough from Carlyle's sorrowing[original has
"sorowing"] denunciations

Page 215: he calls the Dauphiness, is unforgettable[original
has "unforgetable"]

Page 220: pillar of penitence or martyrdom[original has
"martydom"]

Page 230: great composure in an inarticulate[original has
"inartlculate"] element

Page 278, under "Carlyle, Thomas": residences of[subentry
title added by transcriber], 49-51, 54, 55

Page 279, under "Emerson, Ralph Waldo": statement on
fields[subentry title added by transcriber], 53

Page 282, under "Shakespeare": and other authors[subentry
title added by transcriber], 147, 210, 212.

Page 283, under "Tennyson, Alfred": residences[subentry title
added by transcriber], 43, 81, 103

The following index entries have been changed to reflect the spelling used in the main text:

Page 277: Bloodroot[original has "Blood-root"], 172.

Page 278: Cranesbill[original has "Crane's-bill"], 53.

Page 280: Goldenrod[original has "Golden-rod"], 18, 196.

Page 283: Swordfish[original has "Sword-fish"], 274.

Page 284: Yellow-hammer[original has "Yellowhammer"], or
yellow yite

Punctuation has been standardized in the Index.