Chapter LI: Appendix (3)

McLaws, Major-General L., at Williamsburg, 70;
at Seven Pines, 107, 108;
march of, in Maryland campaign, 207, 208;
orders from, at Crampton's Pass, 230;
at Maryland Heights, 231;
arrives at Sharpsburg, 244;
brigades of, enter battle, 245, 247;
losses of Lee's army in, 266;
at Fredericksburg, 307 _et seq._;
at Gettysburg, 370, 393, 396, 397;
in retreat from Gettysburg, 431;
brigades of, start with Longstreet's command for Tennessee, 437;
two brigades of, arrive at Chickamauga, 439;
but commander and other brigades too late, 440;
finally joins Longstreet, 462;
posts army in semicircle near Chattanooga, 463;
engages in attack on Hooker's rear-guard, 476, 477;
in engagement on Little Tennessee, 490;
reaches Knoxville, 495;
advance of, 497;
ordered to assault of fort, 500;
again ordered to assault, 502;
orders of, to command for assault, 503;
letter of, to General Longstreet, urging delay of assault, 504;
letter to, from General Longstreet, 504;
makes assault, 505, 506;
relief of, ordered by General Longstreet, 518;
inquires cause therefor, 518;
is restored to duty, 548.

Magruder, Fort, at Williamsburg, 68;
attack on, 73.

Magruder, General J. B., 66;
reinforced by Huger and Early, 67;
builds fortifications at Williamsburg, 68;
engages with Sumner at Allen's Farm and Savage Station, 132.

Mahone, General William, in battle of Wilderness, 562;
arrests advance of Hancock before Richmond, 576;
at Petersburg, 606;
describes General Lee's reception of disaster in retreat to
Appomattox, 614, 615;
fires High Bridge, 615;
at Cumberland Church, 615;
at Farmville, 617;
in conference with General Lee at Appomattox, 625.

Malvern Hill, battle of, 141;
positions of troops on field of, 141, 142;
Confederates make poor use of artillery, 143;
General Lee abandons his original plan, 144;
battle begun by advance of the Confederate right, 144;
Confederates repulsed, 144;
Federals march to Harrison's Landing, 145;
Jackson ordered to follow retreat, 146;
casualties, 151.

Manassas (or Bull Run), first battle of, field chosen by Beauregard, 33;
description of, 34;
Beauregard's plan of battle, 36;
McDowell's arrival, 35, 37;
opening of battle, 38, 46;
forces available, 41;
McDowell's advance driven back, 46;
Terry's and Lubbock's reconnoissance, 45, 48;
fight assumes large proportions, 48;
Jackson christened "Stonewall," 49;
Beauregard in command on left, 49;
Kirby Smith's forces arrive, 50;
McDowell makes effort to recover lost power, 50;
flight of Federals, 51;
Longstreet's order to fire on retreat countermanded by General
Bonham, 52;
pursuit revoked, 53;
losses, 53;
criticism of McDowell, 54, 56;
Tyler's reconnoissance, 55;
Confederate battle-flag, 56;
organization of forces, 57, 58.

Manassas (or Bull Run), second battle of, making ready for, 163 _et
seq._;
strength of confronting armies, 169;
advance of Pope to, 170;
Jackson first on the field, 171;
Pope reaches the Junction, 172;
first passage of arms on field, 172;
Longstreet at Thoroughfare Gap, 173, 174;
engagement at, 175, 176;
Jackson attacks King's division at Groveton, 175, 176;
Pope's orders to Porter, 178, 179;
battle opened by Federals against Jackson's right, 180;
positions of troops, 181;
Kearny opens against Jackson's left, 182;
Longstreet reports against attack, 182;
Lee returns to first plan of battle, 183;
Confederate advance anticipated by Federals, 184;
Pope on his orders to Porter, 185;
Pope mistakenly thinks Confederates retreating, 185, 186;
Porter ordered against Jackson's front, 186;
Longstreet orders batteries against Porter, 187;
charge of Longstreet's troops, 187;
Lee rides under fire, 189;
action of United States regulars, 190;
Federals retreat, 190;
Jackson and Stuart ordered in pursuit, 191;
forces engaged, and losses, 195;
retreat covered by Sumner, 196;
review of campaign, 196, 197.

Manassas Junction, Longstreet reports at, to Beauregard, 33;
raid on, by Stuart and Trimble, 167;
engagement at, 169.

Manning, Colonel P. T., wounded while lunching with Longstreet on field
of Chickamauga, 451.

Mansfield, Major-General Joseph K. F., crosses the Antietam preparatory
to battle, 237;
mortally wounded at Antietam, 242.

Marshall, Colonel, letter of, to General Longstreet, on alleged order by
General Lee for battle "at sunrise," 380 (note).

Martin, Major-General, 441;
supersedes Wheeler in command of Confederate cavalry at Knoxville, 500;
operations against Sturgis's cavalry, 522;
in affair at Dandridge, 526, 527;
in affair near Dandridge, 532;
President Davis orders cavalry of, sent to Johnston, 539;
leaves Longstreet for Georgia, 542.

Marye, Captain, at Manassas, 40.

Maryland campaign, the, 199 _et seq._
(_see_ Harper's Ferry, Sharpsburg, etc.);
review of, 279 _et seq._

Mason, George T., killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Matamoras, Taylor's army at, 22.

May, Charles, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 28.

Meade, General George G., at South Mountain, 223-225;
at Antietam, 241;
handsome advance of, at Fredericksburg, 308, 309;
succeeds Hooker in command of the Army of the Potomac, 348;
wires General Halleck of plans, 349;
suggestion to, by General Halleck that Lee may turn his left, 360;
position of, on second day at Gettysburg, 363;
recognizes and fears move by Confederate right, 368;
holds council on night of second day, 376;
not apprehensive of Lee's left, 389;
attempts to bring his left against Longstreet's battle, 396;
on suggestion of Longstreet to work towards his line of
communications, 404;
concentrates army at Warrenton, 432;
before the battle of the Wilderness, 552;
orders his troops into action, 559;
at Petersburg, 608;
follows retreat, 610, 611.

Mechanicsville, battle of, attack by A. P. Hill, 123, 124;
losses of first day, 124;
McClellan orders withdrawal, 125.

Memoirs of General Longstreet, suggested by General Lee, 655.

Merritt, General Wesley, Sheridan's chief of cavalry, 590, 598.

Mexican war, beginning of, 18;
precipitated by movement to the Rio Grande, 21, 22;
first hostilities, 23;
Palo Alto, 25;
Resaca de la Palma, 26.

Miles, Colonel Dixon H., mentioned by McClellan, 215;
mortally wounded at Harper's Ferry, 232;
orders to, from General Wool, 286.

Miles, General, at Petersburg, 608.

Miller, Captain, at Gettysburg, 395.

Mills, Colonel Roger Q., commands brigade at Chickamauga, 446.

Milroy, General, fights severe engagement with Ewell at Winchester, 339.

Minnegerode, Rev., pastor of church in Richmond, 607.

Mitchell, General R. B., at Chickamauga, 442.

Moore, Colonel, killed at Seven Pines, 99.

Morgan, General John T., in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;
in affair near Dandridge, 532.

"Mud March," the, 323.

Mumford, General T. T., at Five Forks, 596, 597;
ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612;
at Cumberland Church, 615;
captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617;
at Appomattox, 629.

N.

Naglee, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Napoleon, quotation from, 405.

Negley, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Negroes, Confederate Congress provides for enrolment of, as soldiers,
582;
suffrage of, 636.

Nichols, General W. A., at Gettysburg, 374;
extends hospitality to Longstreet, 632, 633.

North Carolina, Fifth Regiment, slaughter in ranks of, at Williamsburg,
78.

Nurse, the old, 638.

O.

Ord, General E. O. C., 62;
meets General Longstreet, 583;
proposes meeting of commanders in interest of peace, 584;
called by General Grant to south side of the James, 595;
following Confederate retreat from Petersburg, 610;
orders burning of High Bridge, 611;
at Appomattox, 623, 624;
interview with, described by Longstreet, 647.

Orders, lost. _See_ Lost orders.

Owen, Edward, 635.

Owen, Miller, 635.

Owen, William, 635.

P.

Palmer, General J. M., at Chickamauga, 442.

Palo Alto, 24.

Parke, General John G., in command at Knoxville, 496;
takes the field along the rear of Longstreet's march, 512;
assumes command of Federals in field on march to Dandridge, 528;
at Fort Steadman, 594, 595;
at Petersburg, 605, 606.

Parker, J. M. G., letter to, from General Longstreet, 636, 637.

Patrick, General, at Antietam, 266;
carries Sumner's demand for surrender of Fredericksburg to civil
authorities and General Longstreet, 294;
in attack, 309.

Patterson, Robert, opposing Johnston in the Valley, 42, 53.

Peace, propositions for, by General Lee, 204;
to be secured because gold had gone up to 200, 317;
talk of, 582;
mission of Hon. Montgomery Blair, 583;
proposition of General Ord to Longstreet for meeting of commanders in
interest of, 583, 584;
proposed meeting of wives of Generals Grant and Longstreet in interest
of, 584;
correspondence of Generals Lee and Grant, 585, 586;
General Grant disclaims authority to act upon, 587;
Longstreet on interview with General Ord, 547.

Pegram, Colonel, at Five Forks, 597;
mortally wounded, 599.

Pegram, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Pemberton, General, commissioned lieutenant-general, 290;
with President Davis before Army of the Tennessee, 469;
troops threaten mutiny when they hear Davis's purpose to assign him to
command of Polk's corps, 470.

Pender, General, at Shepherdstown, 264;
at Fredericksburg, 307;
at Gettysburg, 354.

Pendleton, General, at Shepherdstown, 264;
saw opportunity for the right at Gettysburg, 368;
charges of, against First Corps, 377;
delivers to General Lee opinion of officers favorable to surrender,
618;
interview with General Lee on proposition for surrender, 620, 621.

Peninsula, the, 68.

Peninsular campaign (_see_ Chickahominy, Seven Pines, Mechanicsville,
Gaines's Mill, Malvern Hill, etc.), losses in, 151.

Pennsylvania, invasion of, 331, 334.
_See_ Gettysburg.

Perry, General, at Gettysburg, 371.

Petersburg, battle of, Confederates cross the James, 603;
General Grant's concerted assault, 604;
General Wright makes opening assault, 605;
death of General A. P. Hill, 605;
General Grant rides over captured works, 606;
news of, received by President Davis in church at Richmond, 607;
fierce assaults on Fort Gregg, 607;
heavy losses at Fort Whitworth, 608;
Lee gives orders for retreat, 608;
Lee purposed to join Johnston in North Carolina, 610.

Pettigrew, General, wounded and captured at Seven Pines, 98;
charge of, at Gettysburg, compared with those of Meade's divisions at
Fredericksburg, 314;
at Gettysburg, 352;
position of, on third day (Gettysburg), 388;
famous charge, 393;
wounding of, 394;
attacked by Kilpatrick in retreat from Gettysburg, 430.

Pickett, General George E., at Seven Pines, 108;
at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128;
at opening of Fredericksburg, 309;
his charge at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's division at
Fredericksburg, 314;
position of, on third day, 388;
Alexander gives notice to, and Longstreet affirms order for advance
of, 392;
General Lee favors sending division of, to Longstreet, in Tennessee,
539;
recalled, to join Longstreet, 591;
ordered to join Lee at Petersburg, 592;
opens battle of Five Forks, 596, 597;
rides under fire to his command, 599;
position at Five Forks not of his choosing, 600;
generalship of, 601;
reinforced too late, 599, 602;
in engagement at Amazon Creek, 606;
escapes capture at Rice's Station, 614.

Pleasonton, General Alfred, in Maryland campaign, 209, 210;
pushes Confederate cavalry back from the Maryland mountains, 216;
opens battle of South Mountain, 221;
crosses bridge No. 2 (Antietam), 252;
in command of cavalry division under Burnside's reorganization, 292;
engages Stuart's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338;
drives Stuart back to Ashby's Gap, 341.

Poe, Captain, constructs Federal earthworks at Knoxville, 496;
report on work by citizens and contrabands, 500.

Political prisoners, General Lee upon exchange of, 586;
General Grant upon, 587;
Longstreet on exchange of, 648.

Polk, General Leonidas (Bishop), commissioned lieutenant-general, 290;
in command of right wing at Chickamauga, 439;
put under charges by General Bragg, 465.

Pope, Major-General John, in command of Army of Virginia, 153;
displays bold front as a diversion, 154;
injudicious orders of, 154;
"General Orders No. 11," 155;
his attitude towards non-combatants contrasted with Scott's in Mexico,
155, 156;
engages with Jackson at Slaughter Mountain, 157;
increases strength of his army, 159;
captures one of Lee's orders and officers, 160;
puts army in retreat across the Rappahannock, 160;
head-quarters of, raided by Stuart, 165;
forms plan to attack Lee, 166;
concentrates Army of Virginia at Warrenton, 168;
orders for advance and concentration at Manassas, 171;
reaches Manassas Junction, 172;
orders to Porter, 178, 179;
orders for attack at Manassas, 180;
orders Porter to attack Longstreet's right, 184;
his report upon, 185;
mistakenly supposes Confederates retreating, 185, 186;
letter to, from General Lee, on death of Kearny, 194;
criticism of, in Manassas campaign, 197.

Porter, Major-General Fitz-John, in command of Fifth Corps, 82;
at Mechanicsville, 122;
at Gaines's Mill, 126;
at Malvern Hill, 141;
ordered by Pope to Manassas, 171;
march of, delayed, 171;
Pope's orders to, for Manassas, 178;
ordered to attack Longstreet's right flank, 184;
receives order too late, 185;
ordered to attack Jackson's front, 186;
hard battle against, by Jackson and Longstreet, 187, 188;
at Antietam, 234;
ordered ready to enter battle, 252.

Porter, Theoderic, in theatricals on Mexican frontier, 20;
killed on the Rio Grande, 23.

Potomac, Army of. _See_ Army of the Potomac.

Potter, General R. D., in East Tennessee campaign, 490, 492.

Powell, William H., report of, on Second Manassas, 190.

Preston, General William, at Chickamauga, 439, 450 (note);
gains Snodgrass Hill, 455.

Provisional Army Corps, two organized by McClellan, 82.

R.

Rains, General, leaves percussion shells at Williamsburg, 79.

Ransom, General, at Fredericksburg, 309, 310, 313;
at Five Forks, 596, 598;
horse killed, 599.

Reed, General Theodore, mortally wounded in engagement at Cumberland
Church, 615.

Regulars, United States, at First Manassas, 37, 51;
at Second Manassas, 189, 190.

Reno, General Jesse, division of, joins Pope at Culpeper, 159;
captures signal station, 161;
killed at South Mountain, 223.

Resaca de la Palma, 26-28.

Retreats, the great (McClellan's), 132-152;
from Gettysburg, 426 _et seq._

Reynolds, General John F., at Mechanicsville, 126;
ordered to attack at Manassas (Second), 180;
in command of right wing of Union army at Gettysburg, 353;
death of, 354.

Reynolds, General, at Chickamauga, 441.

Rice's Station, 611;
engagement at, 613, 614.

Richardson, General I. B., at Sharpsburg, 244, 247;
brave advance of, against Confederate centre, 248, 250;
occupies Piper House at Antietam, 251;
mortally wounded, 251.

Richardson, Colonel John B., at Second Manassas, 188;
at Sharpsburg, 258, 269;
at Fredericksburg, 319;
at Gettysburg, 411.

Richmond, apprehended advance on, 64;
practicable routes to, 64;
D. H. Hill's denial of reported proposed abandonment of, when Lee
assumed command, 115, 116;
Burnside's march for, 293;
route to, covered by Longstreet after Fredericksburg battle, 323, 324;
armies again in front of, 572 _et seq._
(_see_ Richmond, campaign of, in 1864);
news of Petersburg received at, 607.

"Richmond authorities," forced to extremity, call for suggestions as to
conduct of the war, 543;
Lee and Longstreet confer with, 544.
_See_ Richmond, campaign against.

Richmond, campaign against, in 1864, fall of General J. E. B. Stuart,
573;
Longstreet assigned to command north of the James, 574;
Confederate positions, 575;
General Grant conceives plan for left attack, 575, 576;
Mahone arrests advance of Hancock, 576;
affair on the Williamsburg road, 576-578;
closing scenes of (1864), 579;
Sherman's movements come into remote bearing upon affairs around the
capital, 580;
Longstreet orders roads broken up with ploughs, 580;
General Grant strengthens combination against Richmond, 590;
General Grant orders a grand move by his left, 592;
General Lee gives consent to sortie against Fort Steadman, 592;
positions and strength of Federal army, 593;
General Lee's strength, 593, 594;
storming of Fort Steadman, 594;
losses at Fort Steadman, 595;
General Grant begins movement around the Confederate right, 595;
General Lee endeavors to anticipate the movement, 596
(_see_ Five Forks, battle of, Petersburg, battle of, etc.);
Longstreet in retreat marches for Farmville, 610;
General Meade's pursuit, 610, 611;
movements of Generals Ord and Longstreet, 611, 612;
High Bridge saved by Longstreet, 612;
engagement at Rice's Station, 613, 614;
Confederate disaster, 614;
General Lee's reception of the news described by General Mahone, 614,
615;
engagement at Cumberland Church, 615;
panic among Confederate teamsters at Farmville, 615;
engagement at Farmville, 616, 617.
_See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Ridgely, Randolph, heroism of, at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Ripley, General, wounded at Sharpsburg, 243.

Robertson, General J. B., in engagement at Lookout Valley, 476, 477;
charges and specifications against, 517;
sentenced to suspension, 548.

Robinson, James, Longstreet's guide in Wilderness, 548.

"Rock Brigade," at Chickamauga, 448;
at Petersburg, 606.

Rodes, General R. E., takes Federal redoubt and battery at Seven Pines,
94;
at South Mountain, 224;
at Sharpsburg, 247;
at Gettysburg, 355, 374.

Rosecrans, General W. S., threatening of, in Georgia, 433;
understood Bragg's plan for Chickamauga, 439;
rides along Union lines on eve of battle, 443;
at Chattanooga, 463;
reports condition of army deplorable, 470;
superseded in command by General George H. Thomas, 472.

Rosser, Colonel, on the Rappahannock, 164, 218, 221;
General, saves portion of Early's command and reports to Longstreet,
591;
at Five Forks, 596;
ordered by Longstreet against Ord's bridge-burners, 612;
at Cumberland Church, 615;
captures part of Gregg's cavalry, 617.

Ruff, Colonel, honorably mentioned, and death of, 520.

Ruger, General, opens against Ewell (Gettysburg, third day), 387, 388.

S.

Sailor's Creek, Confederate disaster at, 613-615.

St. John, Brigadier-General F. M., appointed commissary-general of
subsistence, 583.

Sanders, Fort, assault on, by General McLaws, 505, 506.

Scales, General, wounded at Gettysburg, 389.

Scammon, Colonel, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259.

Schofield, General J. M., despatch to, from General Grant, on driving
Longstreet out of Tennessee, 535, 536;
despatch of, to General Thomas, 537.

Schurz, General Carl, at Gettysburg, 355.

Scott, General Winfield, 37;
treatment of non-combatants in Mexican war, 156;
advice of, as to "wayward sisters," 631.

Scout Harrison employed by Longstreet, 324;
reports to Longstreet before Gettysburg, 346.

Seddon, Secretary of War, sends scouts to Longstreet, 324;
Longstreet calls on, and makes proposition to, for Western movement,
327, 409;
Western movement again urged on, by Longstreet, 433, 434.

Sedgwick, General, division of, leads Sumner's advance at Sharpsburg,
244, 245;
encounters heavy fire, 246;
in command of Sixth Corps, 552.

Semmes, General, at Gettysburg, 370;
mortally wounded, 371.

Seven Days' Retreat, McClellan's, 132, 152.

Seven Pines (or Fair Oaks), battle of, 81;
new line of defence, 81;
McClellan advances to the Chickahominy, 82;
preliminary affairs, 82;
positions of the armies, 83, 84;
Johnston seeks to strike McClellan before McDowell can reach him, 85;
Johnston holds council, 85, 86;
Longstreet ordered to Williamsburg road, 86;
tactical handling there left to him, 88;
terrific storm on eve of battle, 88;
Johnston's orders for Generals Smith and Huger, 89;
lack of harmony between Longstreet, Smith, and Huger, 90, 92;
hour of opening battle, 93;
Garland and the two Andersons strongly engage, 94;
Rodes takes Federal redoubt and battery, 94;
Longstreet's battle on the Williamsburg road, 96;
McClellan orders Sumner's corps to the fight, 97;
Sumner's reports quoted, 98;
General Smith beaten, 98;
General Johnston orders troops to sleep on their lines, 100;
Johnston wounded, 100;
summary of forces and losses, 101, 102;
Longstreet plans for resuming battle at daylight, 103;
the second day's battle, 105;
General Smith holds a council, 107;
Longstreet asks for reinforcements and a diversion, 108;
Pickett's brave stand, 108;
losses, 110;
criticism on General Smith, 110, 111;
the battle should not have been lost by the Confederates, 110;
Keyes's corroboration, 110.

Seward, Secretary, 583.

Seymour, General, taken prisoner at Wilderness, 565.

Shaler, General, captured at Wilderness, 565.

Shannon, Lieutenant, at Chickamauga, 441.

Sharpsburg (or Antietam), battle of, preliminaries, 227 _et seq._;
head of Lee's army reaches the Antietam, 233;
Union army on the field, 234;
McClellan makes reconnoissance, 234;
description of the field, 235;
Hooker advances against Longstreet, 236;
Jackson arrives from Harper's Ferry, 236;
General Mansfield crosses the Antietam, 237;
the bloodiest single day of the war, 239;
comparison with other battles, 240;
battle opens, 241;
fall of General Mansfield, 242;
heavy losses in General Walker's, Hood's, and Hill's commands, 243;
Federals in heavy columns cross the Antietam, 244;
Sumner's advance, 245, 247;
Richardson's march against the Confederate centre, 248;
Longstreet's battle on the Hagerstown pike, 249;
fall of G. B. Anderson, 249;
Richardson mortally wounded, 251;
attack against Confederate centre reduced to defensive, 252;
Pleasonton crosses bridge No. 2, 252;
his threatening demonstration checked, 253;
D. H. Hill's horse shot under him, 254;
Jackson ordered to turn Federal right, 257;
McClellan's orders to Burnside to take bridge, 258;
charge of Colonel Duryea, 259;
advance against Longstreet's right, 260;
arrival of General A. P. Hill, 261;
Burnside's progress arrested, 262;
meeting of Lee and Longstreet after close of battle, 262;
Lee withdraws across the Potomac, 263
(_see_ Shepherdstown);
strength of armies, 265;
losses, 266;
McClellan's plan and execution not strong, 267;
Confederate troops engaged in, 267;
Federal troops engaged in, 271;
full significance of battle, 288;
comments on Stonewall Jackson at, 401 (note).

Shepherdstown, Lee's army crosses Potomac at, 263;
engagement at, 264, 265.

Sheridan, General P. H., at Chickamauga, 442;
in command of Federals of Foster's army on march to Dandridge, 528;
in fight at Yellow Tavern, 573;
marches cavalry from the valley to join Sherman, 590;
in battle of Five Forks, 596, 597, 598;
at Petersburg, 606;
at Appomattox, 622;
Longstreet on operations of, 652.

Sherman, General William T., at West Point, 17;
advance of, at Manassas, 48;
marching on Chattanooga, 480;
proposes to strike Hardee, 515;
movements of, come into remote bearing
upon matters around Richmond, 580;
progressive movements of, 581.

Sickles, General Daniel, at Fredericksburg, 309;
in affair at the Peach Orchard (Gettysburg), 366, 371;
wounded, 371.

Sigel, General, in command of First Corps, Army of Virginia, 153;
ordered by Pope to attack at Manassas (Second), 180.

Sims, Captain, at Appomattox, 627.

Slaughter Mountain, battle at, 157.

Slaughter, M., mayor of Fredericksburg, reply of, to General Sumner's
demand for surrender, 294-296.

Slocum, General Henry W., at Crampton's Pass, 229;
at Gettysburg, 356.

Smith, General E. K., commissioned lieutenant-general, 290.

Smith, Major-General G. W., reports for duty with Army of Northern
Virginia, 60;
called to Richmond for council with War Department, 65;
Johnston's orders to, for Seven Pines, 89;
complaint of, against Longstreet, 90;
beaten at Seven Pines, 98;
command devolved upon, temporarily, after Johnston was wounded, 100;
standing of, 103;
holds council, 107;
criticism upon, 110, 111;
resignation of, 111.

Smith, General Kirby, arrives on field of Manassas, 49;
is wounded, 50.

Smith, General M. L., in Wilderness, 561;
makes reconnoissance and leads flanking force, 562, 563.

Smith, Major Melancthon, at Chickamauga, 441.

Smith, General W. F., at Crampton's Pass, 229;
opens line of railway on the Tennessee, 472;
move of, against Confederate sharp-shooters, 473.

Soldiers, the Confederate, tributes to, 200, 288;
amusement of, 325.

Sorrel, Lieutenant-Colonel G. M., 47;
goes with Longstreet to Chickamauga, 438;
communicates to General McLaws order of relief from General
Longstreet, 518;
leads divisions in flanking party in Wilderness, 562;
appointed brigadier, 581.

South Mountain, description of, 218;
advance of Union forces to, 219;
battle of, opened by Generals Pleasonton and Cox, 221;
General Garland killed, 221;
Federals in superior strength numerically, 222;
General Reno killed, 223;
the strong battle against General Rodes, 224;
exhaustion of the troops, 225;
losses, 225;
Lee orders withdrawal of troops from, 228.

Staff of General Lee, 573.

Steadman, Fort, sortie against, 592 _et seq._

Steamboat invented by William Longstreet, 14.

Steedman, General, at Chickamauga, 442.

Stephens, Hon. Alex. H., 583.

Steuart, General George H., marches through McConnellsburg and Carlisle,
345;
at Gettysburg, 374;
at Five Forks, 600.

Stevens, General I. I., at West Point, 17;
division of, joins Pope on Rappahannock, 161;
at Manassas (Second), 182;
killed at Chantilly, 194;
tribute to, 195.

Stewart, General, at Chickamauga, 439;
makes strong advance and assault, 447.

Strawberry Plains. _See_ Dandridge.

Stribling's battery, captured at Suffolk, 325.

Stuart, General J. E. B., disperses Federals at Lewinsville, 60;
at Dranesville, 62;
opposes Hooker on the Hampton and Yorktown roads, 68, 69;
at Williamsburg, 75;
reconnoissance by, around McClellan's army, 116-119;
cuts off Stoneman's cavalry at Savage Station, 130;
at Erlington Heights, 146;
raids General Pope's head-quarters, 165, 166;
captures supplies, etc., at Manassas Junction, 167;
cavalry of, in first passage of arms on field of Manassas, 172;
takes a map on the field, 183;
in pursuit of Pope's retreat, 193;
at Maryland Heights, 229;
rides around Union army at Sharpsburg and Harper's Ferry, 290;
engages Pleasonton's cavalry at Brandy Station, 338;
orders to, from General Lee, for march to Pennsylvania, 340;
driven by Pleasonton back to Ashby's Gap, 341;
directions to, from Longstreet, for movements by cavalry, 342;
late arrival of, at Gettysburg, 373;
stubborn fight of, on third day, 396;
covering Confederate retreat from Gettysburg, 428;
death of, at Yellow Tavern, 572, 573;
character of, 573.

Sturgis, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259;
operations against Martin's cavalry, 521, 522;
occupies Dandridge, 526;
in affair at Dandridge, 526;
attempts to strike Martin's rear, 527.

Suffolk, General Longstreet's operations about, 324.

Sumner, General E. V., in command of right on Chickahominy, 84;
ordered by McClellan into battle at Seven Pines, 97;
reports of, 98;
defeats Magruder at Savage Station, 132;
gallant covering of retreat from Second Manassas, 196;
Lee's "lost order" found in camp of, 213;
advance of, at Sharpsburg, 245;
eagerness and bravery of, 247;
in command of Right Grand Division Army of the Potomac, 292;
calls for surrender of Fredericksburg, 293;
troops of, enter Fredericksburg, 304.

"Sunrise order" for battle at Gettysburg, 377 _et seq._

Surrender. _See_ Appomattox, surrender at.

Sykes, General, in command of United States regulars at Manassas, 51;
at Second Manassas, 189;
at Fredericksburg, 313;
corps of, at Little Round Top, 371.

T.

Taliaferro, General, wounded at Groveton, 177;
at Fredericksburg, 309.

Taylor, Colonel Erasmus, on Lee's acknowledgment of fault at Gettysburg,
400;
takes guide to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557;
letter of, to Longstreet, on controversy as to guide at Wilderness,
569.

Taylor, General, mortally wounded at Manassas Junction, 170.

Taylor, Assistant Adjutant-General W. H., letter of, to General
Longstreet, on order for "battle at sunrise" (Gettysburg), 379
(note);
on supporting Longstreet at Gettysburg, 397;
states strength of Army of Northern Virginia (May, 1864), 553;
letter to, from Longstreet, 574;
reports Lee's strength for defence of Richmond, 593, 594;
letter to, from Longstreet, 651;
letter to, from Longstreet, on policy towards new organizations, 653.

Taylor, General Zachary, in command of "army of observation" in
Louisiana, 18;
moves to the Rio Grande, 21;
calls for volunteers, 23;
at Resaca de la Palma, 27.

Tennessee, Army of the. _See_ Army of Tennessee.

Tennessee campaign, 438 _et seq._
_See_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.

Tennessee, East, campaign of. _See_ East Tennessee campaign.

Terry, Colonel, 48, 596.

Terry, General, before Richmond, 576;
in second expedition against Wilmington, 582;
at Five Forks, 595, 597, 600.

Texas seeks annexation, 18.

Thomas, Colonel, death of, 520.

Thomas, General George H., at West Point, 17;
commands four divisions of Rosecrans's army at Chickamauga, 441-443;
calls for reinforcements, 446;
supersedes General Rosecrans in command, 472;
called on by General Foster for troops to aid in campaign against
Longstreet, 533;
despatch from General Grant to, on Longstreet, 534-537;
despatch to, from General Schofield, 537.

Thompson, Major, killed, 630.

Thoroughfare Gap, Longstreet's advance column at, 173;
description of, 174.
_See_ Manassas, Second.

Tidball's artillery at Fort Steadman, 594.

Toombs, General Robert, on the Chickahominy, 113;
ordered under arrest by Longstreet, 161;
released, 166;
at Second Manassas, 189;
gallantly defends bridge against Burnside, 257;
forced to retire, 260.

Triggs, General, at Chickamauga, 449.

Trimble, General, in engagement on Rappahannock, 164;
at Manassas Junction, 167;
charge of, at Gettysburg compared with that of Meade's men at
Fredericksburg, 314;
position of, at Gettysburg, third day, 388;
in the famous charge, 393;
wounding of, 394.

Turner, General, at Petersburg, 607;
assaults Fort Whitworth, 608.

Tyler, General, reconnoissance of, at Manassas, 38, 55.

V.

Vance, General, captured by Federals, 531.

Van Cleve, General H. P., at Chickamauga, 442.

Venable, Colonel Charles S., mentioned, 363, 379;
letter of, to General Longstreet on "battle at sunrise" order at
Gettysburg, 379 (note);
on putting Heth's division in assaulting columns, 398;
takes order for change of direction to Longstreet in Wilderness, 557;
letter of, to Longstreet, on movement of latter to the Wilderness, 571;
gives account of last scenes and of General Lee, 624.

Vincent, General, killed at Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Virginia "Foot Cavalry," 146.

Virginia, "too much," 332.

W.

Wadsworth, General James S., at Gettysburg, 374;
mortally wounded at Wilderness, 563.

Wagner, Lieutenant, mortally wounded by remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Walker, General J. G., at Harper's Ferry, 231;
at Sharpsburg, 242, 247.

Walker, General W. H. T., at Chickamauga, 441, 446.

Walton, Colonel, Longstreet's order to, 390.

War feeling in the South, 31.

War, Mexican. _See_ Mexican war.

War, the general status of, on Confederate side, 543;
suggestions for conduct of, by Longstreet, 544.

Warren, Major-General G. K., finds Little Round Top the citadel of the
field at Gettysburg, 371;
testimony as to third day at Gettysburg, 398;
in command of Fifth Corps (1864), 552;
makes opening attack in Wilderness, 558;
at Five Forks, 597.

Washburn, Colonel, mortally wounded, 615.

Washington Artillery, the, at Manassas, 37, 40, 41, 49;
at Second Manassas, 181, 186;
at Sharpsburg, 233, 236, 243, 249, 250, 261, 267;
at Fredericksburg, 311;
at Gettysburg, 390 _et seq._

Weed, General, killed on Little Round Top (Gettysburg), 372.

Weitzel, General, before Richmond, 576, 595, 603, 604.

West Point, distinguished men at, 16, 17.

Westward movement, first proposed to Secretary of War Seddon by
Longstreet, 327, 409;
reverted to by Longstreet, 433, 434;
transportation ordered for, 436;
Longstreet reaches General Bragg's head-quarters, 438
(_see_ Chickamauga, battle of, etc.);
difference between time proposed for and actual making of, 478, 479.

Weymouth, Captain, at Fredericksburg, 303.

Wharton, General, 441.

Wheeler, General, makes cavalry raid on Tennessee River, 463;
Longstreet's orders to, in East Tennessee, 487, 488;
in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;
returns to General Bragg, 500.

White House, McClellan establishes his permanent depot at, 82.
_See_ Seven Pines.

Whiting, Major, at Manassas, 52;
General, at Seven Pines, 105-107;
desires to leave Fair Oaks, 113;
reinforces Jackson, 115;
at Gaines's Mill, 127, 128;
mortally wounded at Fort Fisher, 582.

Whittle, Colonel, wounded at Gettysburg, 394.

Whitworth, Fort (Petersburg), 606-608.

Wilcox, General, at Burnside's Bridge (Antietam), 259;
at Gettysburg, 374;
at Wilderness, 556, 558, 560;
at Fort Steadman, 594;
at Petersburg, 605, 606, 608.

Wilderness, the, battle of, General Grant with Army of the Potomac, 552;
strength of confronting armies, 552-554;
Army of the Potomac crosses the Rapidan, 555;
General Grant had no fixed plan beyond avoiding Lee's defensive line,
555;
Wilderness described, 555, 556;
march of Longstreet's command, 556;
receives a guide, 557;
troops meet and action cannot wait, 558;
attack by General Warren, 558;
Confederates fail to intrench at night, 560;
Hancock's advance in the morning, 560;
Longstreet's troops form line under fire, 560,
and repulse Hancock's advance, 561;
the Ninth Corps ordered in by General Grant, 561;
Longstreet organizes flanking movement against Hancock's left, 562,
563;
General Jenkins mortally and Longstreet severely wounded, 564;
General Lee on the field in command, 565;
value of a "level head," 566;
the failure to intrench by Third Corps, 565-567;
delay in advance after Longstreet was disabled, 567;
controversy as to Longstreet's march and guide, 568, 571.

Willard, General, killed at Gettysburg, 371.

Williamsburg, battle of, 72;
advance of Hooker, 73;
Longstreet orders Early to support the left, 74;
Stuart's charge, 75;
Anderson's concentrated movement on, and capture of guns, 75;
Anderson driven back by Hooker's reinforcements, 76;
Hancock takes two redoubts, 77;
attack by D. H. Hill and Early, with great slaughter of the latter's
troops because of blunder, 78;
forces engaged, 79;
casualties, 79;
object of the battle, 79;
Hancock called "the Superb," 80.

Williamsburg, engagement near, 68-70.

Williamsburg road, affair on (1864), 576-578.

Williamsport, Confederates at, on retreat from Gettysburg, 428, 429.

Wilmington, first move against, 580;
second expedition against, 582.

Winchester, engagement at, between Ewell and Milroy, 339.

Winder, General, mortally wounded at Slaughter Mountain, 157.

Winthrop, Captain, wounded at Knoxville in leading assault, 497.

Wofford, General, Longstreet rides with, to Little Round Top, 372;
in retreat from Gettysburg, 431;
in engagement on Little Tennessee River, 490;
in assault on Fort Sanders, 502, 503, 505;
at Dandridge, 526;
at Wilderness, 562, 563.

Wood, General T. J., at Chickamauga, 442, 446.

Woodhull, Major Alfred A., gives account of remarkable cannon-shot, 255.

Wool, General John E., orders to Colonel Miles, in command of Harper's
Ferry, 286.

Worth, General, at Corpus Christi, 20.

Wright, General, at Gettysburg, 371;
makes assault at Petersburg, 605.

Wrightsville, bridge at, burned, 345.

Y.

Yellow Tavern, engagement at, between Sheridan and Stuart, 573.

York, authorities of, surrender to General John B. Gordon, 345.

Yorktown, Confederates occupy, 67;
intrenchments abandoned, 68.

THE END.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Brother of the rear-admiral.

[2] He had a similar wound in the war of 1812.

[3] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. p. 309. Less two regiments and one cavalry troop.

[4] General Beauregard claims that he was not so strong, but estimates seem to warrant the number given.

[5] In that attack the division commander, Colonel David Hunter, was wounded.

[6] Rebellion Record, vol. ii. pp. 351, 387, 405, 426.

[7] Ibid., 328.

[8] Not engaged.

[9] In reserve at Centreville and not in battle proper.

[10] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 521.

[11] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 568.

[12] Ibid., p. 450.

[13] Smith's War Papers.

[14] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part iii. p. 563.

[15] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 938.

[16] General Berry thought that he got up as far as the Casey camp, but mistook Couch's opening for that of Casey.

[17] Confederate War Papers, G. W. Smith.

[18] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 763.

[19] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 813.

[20] Previous returns give him 11,000, but one of his brigades was absent.

[21] Smith's War Papers.

[22] Ibid.

[23] Ibid.

[24] Smith's War Papers.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Letter from General McLaws.

[27] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part iii. p. 910.

[28] Of interest in this connection is a letter to the author from General D. H. Hill:

"FAYETTEVILLE, ARK., February 4, 1879.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"MY DEAR GENERAL,--I never heard of the proposed abandonment of
Richmond at the time General Lee took command. I had charge of one of
the four divisions with which the retreat from Yorktown was effected,
and was called several times into General Lee's most important
councils. I never heard any officer suggest such a course in these
councils or in private conversations.

"I feel sure that General Johnston always intended to fight the
invading force, and so far as I know no officer of rank entertained
any other view.

"I remember very well that some days before the council on the Nine
Miles road (when yourself, A. P. Hill, and myself were present) that
you suggested the plan of attacking McClellan's right flank, and that
I expressed my preference for an attack on the other flank. This shows
that there was no thought of retreat.

"Very truly yours,
"D. H. HILL."

[29] Official account, Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part i. p. 1036.

[30] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 882.

[31] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 38.

[32] From memory I will say that this message from General Lee was delivered by Captain A. P. Mason.

[33] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 517. Stuart.

[34] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 627. D. H. Hill.

[35] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 100. Heintzelman.

[36] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 107.

[37] Ibid., pp. 162-164.

[38] A name taken by the infantry from the Valley district on account of their swift secret marches.

[39] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 664.

[40] Rebellion Record, vol. xi. part ii. p. 687.

[41] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 52.

[42] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 53.

[43] His letter of August 14, 1862.

[44] Rebellion Record, vol xii. part ii. p. 29.

[45] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 378.

[46] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 381.

[47] Ibid., pp. 74, 75.

[48] Ibid., p. 371.

[49] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 518.

[50] Ibid., p. 520.

[51] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 40. General Pope.

[52] Battles and Leaders of the Civil War.

[53] Rebellion Record.

[54] Rebellion Record, vol. xii. part ii. p. 558. General Lee's report.

[55]

"HEAD-QUARTERS ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA,
"September 9, 1862.

"SPECIAL ORDERS, NO. 191.

"The army will resume its march to-morrow, taking the Hagerstown road. General Jackson's command will form the advance, and, after passing Middletown, with such portion as he may select, take the route towards Sharpsburg, cross the Potomac at the most convenient point, and, by Friday night, take possession of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, capture such of the enemy as may be at Martinsburg, and intercept such as may attempt to escape from Harper's Ferry.

"General Longstreet's command will pursue the same road as far as Boonsborough, where it will halt with the reserve, supply, and baggage trains of the army.

"General McLaws, with his own division and that of General R. H. Anderson, will follow General Longstreet. On reaching Middletown he will take the route to Harper's Ferry, and by Friday morning possess himself of the Maryland Heights, and endeavor to capture the enemy at Harper's Ferry and vicinity.

"General Walker, with his division, after accomplishing the object in which he is now engaged, will cross the Potomac at Cheek's Ford, ascend its right bank to Lovettsville, take possession of Loudoun Heights, if practicable, by Friday morning, Key's Ford on his left, and the road between the end of the mountain and the Potomac on his right. He will, as far as practicable, co-operate with General McLaws and General Jackson in intercepting the retreat of the enemy.

"General D. H. Hill's division will form the rear-guard of the army, pursuing the road taken by the main body. The reserve artillery, ordnance, supply-trains, etc., will precede General Hill.

"General Stuart will detach a squadron of cavalry to accompany the commands of Generals Longstreet, Jackson, and McLaws, and with the main body of the cavalry will cover the route of the army and bring up all stragglers that may have been left behind.

"The commands of Generals Jackson, McLaws, and Walker, after accomplishing the objects for which they have been detached, will join the main body of the army at Boonsborough or Hagerstown.

"Each regiment on the march will habitually carry its axes in the regimental ordnance wagons, for use of the men at their encampments to procure wood, etc.

"By command of General R. E. Lee.

"R. H. CHILTON,
"_Assistant Adjutant-General_.

"MAJOR-GENERAL D. H. HILL,
"_Commanding Division_."

[56] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 600.

[57] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 41. McClellan's official account.

[58] Record, vol. xix. part i.

[59] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part ii. p. 281.

[60] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 48.

[61] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 183.

[62] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 961.

[63] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 47.

[64] Some authorities say (including a small number of "captured or missing") 12,601.

[65] Report of Committee, part i. p. 368.

[66] Of this shot, Captain A. B. More, of Richmond, Virginia, wrote, under date of June 16, 1886,--

"The Howitzers have always been proud of that shot, and, thinking it would interest you, I write to say that it was fired by Corporal Holzburton, of the Second Company, Richmond Howitzers, from a ten-pound Parrott."

[67] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 377.

[68] Rebellion Record, vol. i. part i. p. 63.

[69] This includes eighty-five lost by S. D. Lee's artillery, not regularly assigned as part of the corps.

[70] Surgeon Lafayette Guild, medical director of the Army of Northern Virginia, in his official tabulated report, accounts for 10,291 only.

[71] Compiled from the official reports.

[72] Left at Leesburg.

[73] Commanding brigade while General Evans commanded provisional division.

[74] Attached to Twenty-first North Carolina Regiment.

[75] John R. Johnson's and D'Aquin's batteries were the only ones present with this division at Sharpsburg.

[76] Braxton's, Crenshaw's, McIntosh's, and Pegram's batteries engaged at Sharpsburg.

[77] Cutts's and Jones's battalions also under D. H. Hill's command at Sharpsburg.

[78] First Virginia Artillery.

[79] With D. H. Hill's division at Sharpsburg.

[80] Left at Leesburg.

[81] Compiled from the records of the Adjutant-General's Office. On September 14 the right wing of the army, consisting of the First and Ninth Corps, was commanded by Major-General Burnside; the centre, composed of the Second and Twelfth Corps, by Major-General Sumner, and the left wing, comprising the Sixth Corps and Couch's division (Fourth Corps), by Major-General Franklin.

[82] Designation changed from Third Corps, Army of Virginia, to First Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[83] Wounded September 17.

[84] Relieved September 14.

[85] Wounded September 14.

[86] Joined September 9, and detached September 13 as railroad guard.

[87] Wounded September 14.

[88] Detached at Washington, D. C., since September 6.

[89] Wounded September 17.

[90] Wounded September 17.

[91] Assigned to the Sixth Corps as the Third Division, September 26, 1862.

[92] Joined September 17.

[93] Joined September 15.

[94] This division was organized September 12, and reached the battle-field of Antietam September 18.

[95] Assigned to First Division, Second Army Corps, September 17.

[96] On the 16th and 17th, Major General Burnside exercised general command on the left, and Brigadier-General Cox was in immediate command of the corps.

[97] Killed September 14.

[98] Wounded September 17.

[99] Designation changed from Second Corps, Army of Virginia, to Twelfth Army Corps, by General Orders, No. 129, Adjutant-General's Office, September 12, 1862.

[100] Mortally wounded September 17.

[101] Wounded September 17.

[102] No officers present; enlisted men of company attached to Second Massachusetts.

[103] Detached September 9.

[104] Detached September 13.

[105] Killed September 17.

[106] Detached at Frederick, Md.

[107] Rebellion Record, vol. xix. part i. p. 520.

[108] See organization of the army appended to account of the battle of Fredericksburg.

[109] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 783.

[110] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 1121.

[111] Ibid., p. 1057.

[112] Rebellion Record, vol. xxi. part i. p. 432.

[113] Vol. xxi. of the Official Records.

[114] Not assigned to divisions.

[115] Majors Garnett, Hamilton, and T. J. Page, Jr., are mentioned in the reports as commanding artillery battalions, but their composition is not stated.

[116] Organization of brigades as established November 10, 1862. On roster for December 16, 1862, Hart's, Breathed's, Moorman's, and Chew's batteries appear as attached, respectively, to the First, Second, Third, and Fourth Brigades. Commanders are given as reported December 16, 1862.

[117] Detachment on raid to Dumfries.

[118] In the Shenandoah Valley.

[119] The Confederate dry-goods factories, for want of other dye-stuffs, had long before this resorted to the use of the butternut coloring.

[120] Rebellion Record, vol. xxv. part ii. p. 320.

[121] Ibid., p. 696.

[122] General D. H. Hill was next in rank to General Ewell. He was the hero of Bethel, Seven Pines, South Mountain, and the hardest fighter at Sharpsburg. His record was as good as that of "Stonewall" Jackson, but, not being a Virginian, he was not so well advertised.

[123] Report Committee, vol. i p. 480.

[124] From General Lee's official report: "... It was ascertained from the prisoners that we had been engaged with two corps of the army formerly commanded by General Hooker, and that the remainder of that army, under General Meade, was approaching Gettysburg. Without information as to its proximity, the strong position which the enemy had assumed could not be attacked without danger of exposing the four divisions present, already weakened and exhausted by a long and bloody struggle, to overwhelming numbers of fresh troops. General Ewell was, therefore, instructed to carry the hill occupied by the enemy, if he found it practicable, but to avoid a general engagement until the arrival of the other divisions of the army, which were ordered to hasten forward. He decided to await Johnson's division, which had marched from Carlisle by the road west of the mountains to guard the trains of his corps, and consequently did not reach Gettysburg until a late hour...."

[125] Report of Committee, vol. i. p. 488.

[126] His account.

[127] In his official report he puts Jenkins's force at the opening campaign at three thousand eight hundred.

[128] General Lee, by Fitzhugh Lee (note), p. 299.

[129] His official report.

[130] Following are the essential portions of the letters referred to, affording unquestionable and overwhelming testimony against the claim that General Longstreet was ordered to give battle "at sunrise":

"NORFOLK, VA., April 28, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I can only say that I never before heard of the
'sunrise attack' you were to have made, as charged by General
Pendleton. If such an order was given you I never knew of it, or it
has strangely escaped my memory. I think it more than probable that if
General Lee had had your troops available the evening previous to the
day of which you speak, he would have ordered an early attack, but
this does not touch the point at issue. I regard it as a great mistake
on the part of those who, perhaps because of political differences,
now undertake to criticise and attack your war record. Such conduct is
most ungenerous, and I am sure meets the disapprobation of all good
Confederates with whom I have had the pleasure of associating in the
daily walks of life.

"Yours, very respectfully,
"W. H. TAYLOR."

"UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA, May 11, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I did not know of any order for an attack on the
enemy at sunrise on the 2d, nor can I believe any such order was
issued by General Lee. About sunrise on the 2d of July I was sent by
General Lee to General Ewell to ask him what he thought of the
advantages of an attack on the enemy from his position. (Colonel
Marshall had been sent with a similar order on the night of the 1st.)
General Ewell made me ride with him from point to point of his lines,
so as to see with him the exact position of things. Before he got
through the examination of the enemy's position, General Lee came
himself to General Ewell's lines. In sending the message to General
Ewell, General Lee was explicit in saying that the question was
whether he should move all the troops around on the right and attack
on that side. I do not think that the errand on which I was sent by
the commanding general is consistent with the idea of an attack at
sunrise by any portion of the army.

"Yours, very truly,
"CHARLES S. VENABLE."

"BALTIMORE, MD., May 7, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I have no personal recollection of the order to
which you refer. It certainly was not conveyed by me, nor is there
anything in General Lee's official report to show the attack on the 2d
was expected by him to begin earlier, except that he notices that
there was not proper concert of action on that day....

"Respectfully,
"CHARLES MARSHALL."

"BIG ISLAND, BEDFORD, VA., May 31, 1875.

"DEAR GENERAL,--... I do not recollect of hearing of an order to
attack at sunrise, or at any other designated hour, pending the
operations at Gettysburg during the first three days of July, 1863....

"Yours truly,
"A. L. LONG."

"FREESTONE P. O., PRINCE WILLIAM COUNTY, VA.,
"November 12, 1877.

"MY DEAR GENERAL LONGSTREET,--... The winter after the death of
General Lee I was in Lexington, visiting my sons at the V. M. I.
General Pendleton called to see me at the hotel. General Custis Lee
was in my room when he came in. After General Lee left, General
Pendleton asked me if General Longstreet was not ordered to attack on
the 2d of July at Gettysburg at six o'clock in the morning, and did
not attack until four o'clock in the evening. I told him it was not
possible. When he left me I was under the impression I had convinced
him of his mistaken idea. I told General Pendleton that you and
General Lee were together the greater part of the day up to about
three o'clock or later; that you separated at the mouth of a lane not
long thereafter. You said to me, 'Those troops will be in position by
the time you get there; tell General Hood to attack.' When I gave the
order to General Hood he was standing within a step or two of his line
of battle. I asked him to please delay his attack until I could
communicate to General Longstreet that he can turn the
enemy,--pointing to a gorge in the mountain, where we would be
sheltered from his view and attack by his cavalry. General Hood
slapped me on the knee and said, 'I agree with you,--bring General
Longstreet to see for himself.' When I reported to you, your answer
was, 'It is General Lee's order; the time is up,--attack at once.' I
lost no time in repeating the same to General Hood, and remained with
him to see the attack, which was made instantly. We had a beautiful
view of the enemy's left from Hood's position, which was close up to
him. He gave way quickly. General Hood charged, and I spurred to
report to you; found you with hat in hand cheering on General McLaws's
division....

"Truly your friend,
"JOHN W. FAIRFAX."

[131] "Four Years with General Lee."

[132] Upon the various matters of this momentous day, which have been subject of controversy, the following testimony from J. S. D. Cullen is interesting and important:

"RICHMOND, VA., May 18, 1875.

"GENERAL JAMES LONGSTREET:

"DEAR GENERAL,--... It was an astounding announcement to the survivors
of the First Army Corps that the disaster and failure at Gettysburg
was alone and solely due to its commander, and that had he obeyed the
orders of the commander-in-chief Meade's army would have been beaten
before its entire force had assembled, and its final discomfiture
thereby made certain. It is a little strange that these charges were
not made while General Lee was alive to substantiate or disprove them,
and that seven years or more were permitted to pass by in silence
regarding them. You are fortunate in being able to call upon the
adjutant-general and the two confidential officers of General Lee's
staff for their testimony in the case, and I do not think that you
will have any reason to fear their evidence. They knew every order
that was issued for that battle, when and where attacks were to be
made, who were slow in attacking, and who did not make attacks that
were expected to be made. I hope, for the sake of history and for your
brave military record, that a quietus will at once be put on this
subject. I distinctly remember the appearance in our head-quarters
camp of the scout who brought from Frederick the first account that
General Lee had of the definite whereabouts of the enemy; of the
excitement at General Lee's head-quarters among couriers,
quartermasters, commissaries, etc., all betokening some early movement
of the commands dependent upon the news brought by the scout. That
afternoon General Lee was walking with some of us in the road in front
of his head-quarters, and said, 'To-morrow, gentlemen, we will not
move to Harrisburg as we expected, but will go over to Gettysburg and
see what General Meade is after.' Orders had then been issued to the
corps to move at sunrise on the morning of the next day, and promptly
at that time the corps was put on the road. The troops moved slowly a
short distance when they were stopped by Ewell's wagon-trains and
Johnson's division turning into the road in front of them, making
their way from some point north to Cashtown or Gettysburg. How many
hours we were detained I am unable to say, but it must have been many,
for I remember eating a lunch or dinner before moving again. Being
anxious to see you, I rode rapidly by the troops (who, as soon as they
could get into the road, pushed hurriedly by us also), and overtook
you about dark at the hill this side of Gettysburg, about half a mile
from the town. You had been at the front with General Lee, and were
returning to your camp, a mile or two back. I spoke very exultingly of
the victory we were thought to have obtained that day, but was
surprised to find that you did not take the same cheerful view of it
that I did, and presently you remarked that it would have been better
had we not fought than to have left undone what we did. You said that
the enemy were left occupying a position that it would take the whole
army to drive them from and then at a great sacrifice. We soon reached
the camp, three miles, perhaps, from Gettysburg, and found the column
near by. Orders were issued to be ready to march at 'daybreak,' or
some earlier hour, next morning. About three o'clock in the morning,
while the stars were shining, you left your head-quarters and rode to
General Lee's, where I found you sitting with him _after sunrise_
looking at the enemy on Cemetery Hill...."

"I am yours, very truly,
"J. S. D. CULLEN."

[133] Rebellion Record.

[134] "Four Years with General Lee," W. H. Taylor, page 103.

[135] _Eclectic Magazine_, May, 1872.

[136] At Sharpsburg, General Jackson left the field at seven o'clock in the morning and did not return until four o'clock in the afternoon, when he was ordered with his command and the cavalry to turn and strike down against the Union right. He started to execute the order, then gave it up without even asking permission. He made a brave and gallant fight in the morning, losing 1601 officers and men. But D. H. Hill was there from the first to the last gun, losing from his division 1872 officers and men. Jackson had the greater part of two divisions. But Hill was not a Virginian, and it would not do to leave the field for refreshments. The figures include Jackson's losses at Harper's Ferry and Sharpsburg; Hill's at South Mountain and Sharpsburg.

[137] "General Lee," by Fitzhugh Lee. Marye's Hill was the stronghold at Fredericksburg.