Chapter I: Front Matter

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GRAVE-MOUNDS AND THEIR CONTENTS.

GRAVE-MOUNDS AND THEIR CONTENTS:

A Manual of Archæology,

As Exemplified in the Burials of the Celtic, the Romano-British, and the Anglo-Saxon Periods.

by

LLEWELLYNN JEWITT, F.S.A.,

ETC., ETC.

With nearly Five Hundred Illustrations.

London: Groombridge and Sons, 5, Paternoster Row.

1870.

TO

MY OLD AND MUCH-ESTEEMED FRIEND,

JOSEPH MAYER, ESQ.,

FELLOW OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON;
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES
OF COPENHAGEN;
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL ASIATIC SOCIETY;
MEMBER OF THE SOCIETIES OF ANTIQUARIES OF
FRANCE, NORMANDY, THE MORINI,
ETC., ETC., ETC.;
ONE OF THE MOST ARDENT AND ZEALOUS OF ARCHÆOLOGISTS,
AND MOST KINDLY OF MEN;
THE PRINCELY DONOR TO THE PUBLIC
OF THE FINEST AND MOST EXTENSIVE
MUSEUM OF ANTIQUITIES
EVER COLLECTED TOGETHER BY A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL;

I, WITH TRUE PLEASURE,

Dedicate this Volume.

LLEWELLYNN JEWITT.

CONTENTS.

CHAPTER I.

Page

Grave-mounds in general--Their Historical Importance--General
Situation--Known as Barrows, Houes, Tumps, and Lows--List of
Names--Division into Periods 1

CHAPTER II.

Ancient British or Celtic Period--General characteristics of
the Barrows--Modes of construction--Interments by inhumation
and by cremation--Positions of the Body--Hitter Hill
Barrow--Elliptical Barrow at Swinscoe--Burial in contracted
position--In sitting and kneeling positions--Double Interments 6

CHAPTER III.

Ancient British or Celtic Period--Interment by
cremation--Discovery of lead--Burial in Urns--Positions of
Urns--Heaps of burnt Bones--Burnt Bones enclosed in cloth
and skins--Stone Cists--Long-Low--Liff’s-Low, etc.--Pit
Interments--Tree-coffins 31

CHAPTER IV.

Ancient British or Celtic Period--Sepulchral Chambers
of Stone--Cromlechs--Chambered Tumuli--New Grange and
Dowth--The Channel Islands--Wieland Smith’s Cave, and
others--Stone Circles--For what purpose formed--Formation of
Grave-mounds--Varieties of Stone Circles--Examples of different
kinds--Arbor-Low, etc. 50

CHAPTER V.

Ancient British or Celtic Period--Pottery--Mode of
manufacture--Arrangement in classes--Cinerary or Sepulchral
Urns--Food Vessels--Drinking-cups--Incense Cups--Probably
Sepulchral Urns for Infants--Other examples of Pottery 83

CHAPTER VI.

Ancient British or Celtic Period--Implements of
Stone--Celts--Stone Hammers--Stone Hatchets, Mauls,
etc.--Triturating Stones--Flint Implements--Classification
of Flints--Jet articles--Necklaces, Studs, etc.--Bone
Instruments--Bronze Celts, Daggers, etc.--Gold articles 109

CHAPTER VII.

Romano-British Period--General Characteristics--Modes of
Burial--Customs attendant on Burial--Interments by cremation
and by inhumation--Barrows--Tombs of Stone--Lead Coffins--Clay
and Tile Coffins--Sepulchral Inscriptions, etc. 134

CHAPTER VIII.

Romano-British Period--Pottery--Durobrivian Ware--Upchurch
Ware--Salopian Ware--Pottery found at Uriconium--Potteries
of the New Forest, of Yorkshire, and of other
places--Sepulchral Urns--Domestic and other vessels 151

CHAPTER IX.

Romano-British Period--Pottery--Samian Ware--Potters’
Stamps--Varieties of Ornamentation--Glass Vessels--Sepulchral
Vases, etc.--Lachrymatories--Bowls--Beads--Coins found
with Interments 175

CHAPTER X.

Romano-British Period--Arms--Swords--Spears,
etc.--Knives--Fibulæ--Armillæ--Torques of Gold, etc.--Other
Personal Ornaments 190

CHAPTER XI.

Anglo-Saxon Period--Distribution of Anglo-Saxon Population
over England--General characteristics of Grave-mounds--Modes
of Burial--Poem of Beowulf--Interments by cremation and by
inhumation--Articles deposited with the Dead--Positions of
the Body--Double and other Interments--Burial in
Urns--Cemeteries and Barrows 202

CHAPTER XII.

Anglo-Saxon Period--Pottery, general characteristics
of--Cinerary Urns--Saxon Urn with Roman Inscription--Frankish
and other Urns--Cemeteries at Kings Newton, etc.--Mode
of manufacture--Impressed Ornaments 214

CHAPTER XIII.

Anglo-Saxon Period--Glass
Vessels--Drinking-glasses--Tumblers--Ale-glasses--Beads--Necklaces
--Ear-rings--Coins, etc. 228

CHAPTER XIV.

Anglo-Saxon Period--Arms--Swords--Knives--Spears--Shields--Umbones
of Shields--Buckles--Helmets--Benty-Grange Tumulus--The
Sacred Boar--Grave at Barlaston--Enamelled
Discs and pendant Ornaments, etc.--Horse-shoes 236

CHAPTER XV.

Anglo-Saxon Period--Fibulæ--Enamelled circular Fibulæ--Gold
Fibulæ--Pendant Cross--Cruciform Fibulæ--Penannular
Fibulæ--Irish and English examples--Pendant Ornaments, etc. 266