Chapter XXI

Ruins near Zimbabwe—East Ruins—Other Ruins within the Zimbabwe
Ruins’ Area 420

NOTES AND ADDENDA 433

INDEX 451

LIST OF PLATES

PAGE

Conical Tower, Elliptical Temple, Great Zimbabwe _Frontispiece_

The late Mr. Theodore Bent, F.R.G.S., explorer of Great Zimbabwe
in 1891, author of _The Ruined Cities of Mashonaland_ xiii

Coin of Byblos, Phœnicia, showing Conical Tower xxxvi

Wooden Bowl with Zodiacal Signs, found near Zimbabwe xxxvi

Cylinder with Rosettes found at Phœnician Temple of Paphos in
Cyprus xxxviii

Soapstone Cylinder, with Rosettes, found near Zimbabwe xxxviii

“Fuko-ya-Nebandge” xl

Model of Temple xl

“To Great Zimbabwe” 2

Havilah Camp, Great Zimbabwe 2

View from Acropolis, showing Elliptical Temple in the Valley,
Zimbabwe 10

Conical Tower and Platform (from north), Elliptical Temple,
Zimbabwe 16

The Balcony, Eastern Temple, Acropolis. The parapet wall of
Balcony is built upon the suspended boulder 16

Carrying débris from the Elliptical Temple 36

A noontide shelter at the Elliptical Temple 36

The Camp Messenger 46

Labourers at the Elliptical Temple 46

The Chipo-popo Falls, near Zimbabwe 56

Rapping the Moje-je-je, or “Mystic Bar,” Zimbabwe 56

Finger Rock, Morgenster, near Zimbabwe 62

I-Baku (the cave) at Chicagomboni, where Adam Renders, the
rediscoverer of Great Zimbabwe, lived from 1868 to 1871 62

The Bird Rock, near Zimbabwe 68

View on Motelekwe River 68

A Makalanga, Zimbabwe 80

The Camp Watchman 80

Makalanga “Boys” fencing, Zimbabwe 84

Motumi and Mongwaine, Zimbabwe 84

Makalanga mother and child, Zimbabwe 88

The Mogabe Handisibishe, chief of the Zimbabwe Makalanga 88

Makalanga women and girls at the Mogabe’s Kraal, Great Zimbabwe 96

Soapstone Beams, with Birds, Zimbabwe 102

Front, side, and back views of Soapstone Bird, Zimbabwe 106

Soapstone Bird on Beam, discovered at Philips Ruins, Zimbabwe, in
1903 (three views) 108

An old wall crossing over the foundation of a still older wall,
Zimbabwe 152

Binding of the summits of two separate walls 152

Exterior of Drain, Elliptical Temple 170

Monoliths on the Platform, Acropolis 170

South-east Wall, with Chevron Pattern, Elliptical Temple, Great
Zimbabwe 198

Chevron Pattern, East Wall, Elliptical Temple 204

North-east Wall, with Chevron Pattern, Elliptical Temple, Great
Zimbabwe 206

North-west Entrance, Elliptical Temple 216

Entrance to Passage, No. 10 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 216

Exterior of North Entrance, Elliptical Temple, Zimbabwe.
Discovered 1903 220

Summit of South-east Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 222

West Entrance from interior, Elliptical Temple 222

Nos. 3 and 4 Enclosures and West Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 228

West Entrance, No. 7 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 234

South Wall of No. 7 Enclosure, showing part (to left)
reconstructed, Elliptical Temple 234

Visitors’ Ladder to summit of Main Wall, Elliptical Temple 238

The small Conical Tower, Elliptical Temple 238

The Parallel Passage (from south), Elliptical Temple 246

The Parallel Passage (from north), Elliptical Temple 248

South Entrance to Parallel Passage, looking south, Elliptical
Temple 250

Part of Platform Area, looking west, showing drain from No. 10
Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 250

South Wall, with Pattern, No. 11 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 258

Joint between original and reconstructed walls, Nos. 11 and 12
Enclosures, Elliptical Temple 258

South-east interior of Elliptical Temple, looking N.N.E., and
showing excavations, 1902–4 264

Circular Cement Platform, with Steps, and carved Soapstone Beams,
discovered 1903, Elliptical Temple 266

Entrance to Inner Parallel Passage from South Passage, Elliptical
Temple 266

East Wall, with Pattern, No. 11 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple 268

Inner Parallel Passage, looking east, Elliptical Temple 268

Zimbabwe Hill, or Acropolis. View from Havilah Camp 276

A turn in the Passage of the South-east Ancient Ascent, Acropolis 284

View from South-east Ascent, Acropolis 284

Lower Entrance to Rock Passage, South-east Ascent, Acropolis 286

View down Rock Passage, South-east Ancient Ascent, Acropolis 286

Entrance to Covered Passage, Western Temple, Acropolis 300

Summit of West Wall of Western Temple, Acropolis, showing small
tower and monoliths 300

West Entrance to Parallel Passage, Western Temple, Acropolis 308

Buttress Passage, Acropolis 308

The Cleft Rock, from north side, Acropolis 312

Natural Archway, Central Passage, Acropolis 312

View of the Platform from main West Wall of Western Temple,
Acropolis 314

Dentelle Pattern on Platform, Western Temple, Acropolis 314

Bottom of Winding Stairs, Western Temple, Acropolis 316

West Entrance to South Cave, Acropolis 316

Exterior of main East Wall, showing Dentelle Pattern, Eastern
Temple, Acropolis 328

Sunken Passage (looking east), Eastern Temple, Acropolis 328

East Entrance to Pattern Passage, Acropolis 338

Pattern Passage, Acropolis, looking east 338

West Wall, Recess Enclosure, Acropolis 340

The Recesses at Recess Enclosure, Acropolis 340

Sunken Passage, section of North-west Ascent, Acropolis 346

Herring-bone Pattern, Water Gate, Acropolis 346

Rounded end of Wall on west side of Maund Ruins, showing steps to
Platform, Valley of Ruins 384

North-east Wall, Maund Ruins, Valley of Ruins 384

Slate Beam in Recess of Entrance, Philips Ruins, Valley of Ruins 430

The Passage, looking south, Mapaku Ruins, near Zimbabwe 430

• • • • •

Map of Rhodesia xxxii

General Plan of Zimbabwe Ruins 8

Plate I.—Relics 104

Plate II.—Relics 116

Plate III.—Relics 122

Plan of Elliptical Temple 194

Plan of Acropolis Ruins 278

LIST OF DIAGRAMS AND PLANS IN THE TEXT

Great Zimbabwe Reserve 7

Section of Floors, No. 15 Enclosure 103

Arabian Glass 128

Arabian Pottery 131

Section of Floors, No. 6 Enclosure 134

South and North Entrances to No. 7 Enclosure, Elliptical Temple
163, 164

North-west Entrance, Elliptical Temple 217

North or Main Entrance, Elliptical Temple 219

West Entrance to Parallel Passage, Elliptical Temple 247

Section of Eastern Temple, Acropolis 324

Plan of Eastern Temple, Acropolis 326

Outspan Ruins 359

Posselt Ruins 367

Philips Ruins 376

Maund Ruins 384

Renders Ruins 387

Mauch Ruins 393

South-east Ruins 397

No. 1 Ruins 401

Ridge Ruins 411

Camp Ruins, No. 1 415

〃 〃 No. 2 418

East Ruins 421

Ruin near Chenga’s Kraal 427

Mapaku Ruins 429

EXPLORER OF GREAT ZIMBABWE IN 1891, AUTHOR OF “THE RUINED CITIES OF MASHONALAND”]

THE VOLUME IS DEDICATED
TO THE MEMORY OF
THE LATE THEODORE BENT, F.R.G.S.
EXPLORER OF GREAT ZIMBABWE, 1891
AND AUTHOR OF
“THE RUINED CITIES OF MASHONALAND”