Chapter XI: Philip IV and the League 245-248 (8)

City-states, relation of, to ethne, 6;
described, 9;
agrarian character of, 9;
commerce and industry of, 10;
family character of, 13 _f._;
care of, for dead, 14 _ff._;
laws of, 16 _f._;
biographies of, 17;
subordinated to districts, 29;
combined in territorial states, 33;
reconciled with imperialism, 36;
ultimate political units of Aristotle, 112;
Aristotle's view of, 121 _f._;
founded by Alexander, 133 _f._;
founded by Seleucus, 196,
by his successors, 196, 199, 205;
in Egypt, 171;
made out of priestly communities, 200;
racial fusion in, in Asia, 206;
at once nations and municipalities, 209;
loss of leadership of, 227 _f._;
as federal units, 237 _f._;
eclipse of, 243.

Civil administration, at Athens, 54 _ff._

Cleomenes, career of, 241 _f._

Cleon, on empire of Athens, 23 _f._

Cleopatra, the Great, 152;
and Antony, 153 _f._

Cleruchies, 30.

Cleruchs, in Egypt, 173 _ff._;
position of, 175 _f._;
Egyptianized, 180 _f._;
in Seleucid empire, 201.

Clisthenes, 51.

Comana, in Cappadocia, sacred city of Ma at, 197 _f._,
in Pontus, 198.

Commerce, in Athens, 12.

Committee of Public Safety, 28, 30.

Competition, in Athens, 58 _f._

Constantine, the Great, and deification of rulers, 36.

Constitutions, ancestral, 96 _f._

Cos, battle of, 159, 229.

Council of the Five Hundred, constitution and powers of, 51 _ff._

Crown lands, in Seleucid realm, how disposed of, 204.

Culture, origin of, in cities, 7 _ff._

Cyclades, lost to Egypt, 160.
_See_ League.

Cynocephalæ, battle of, 188.

Cyrene, 229, 231.

Dardanians, invade Macedon, 241.

Deification of rulers, 35 _f._, 127 _ff._, 131 _ff._, 139 _ff._;
real motive of, 145 _f._;
in Egypt, 164 _ff._;
legalized absolutism, 165;
in Asia, 205, 208;
attitude of Antigonus Gonatas toward, 225 _f._

Delos, prices at, fixed in Alexandria, 170.

Demetrius II, protects Epirus, 234;
war of, with leagues, 240 _f._;
death of, 241.

Demetrius Poliorcetes, deification of, 145;
expectations of, 183 _f._;
career of, 219 _f._;
monarchy of, 220 _f._;
king of Macedon, 221 _f._

Demetrius the Fair, king of Cyrene, 229;
murder of, 231.

Democracy, in Athens, connection of, with empire, 41 _f._;
principles of, 45 _ff._;
safeguards of, 50;
rôle of experts in, 58;
not self-indulgent, 68 _ff._;
and mediocrity, 73 _f._;
failure of, at Athens attributed to Sophists, 77 _f._;
hated by Plato, 102.

Demosthenes, on Philip of Macedon, 118.

Divine right of kings, 3.

Ecclesia, constitution of, at Athens, 49;
powers of, 50 _f._;
freedom of discussion in, 53 _f._;
assembly of experts, 57;
functions of, 57;
_agon_ of statesmen, 58.

Education, the vice of the Socratic school, 98.

Egypt, seized by Alexander, 126;
decay of, 180 _f._;
empire of, 234.

Egyptians, view of Alexander as to, 135;
ruled over by Ptolemies, 168;
owned by the Ptolemies, 169;
hatred of, for Ptolemies, 170;
use of, in military service, 170 _f._;
admitted to Ptolemaic army, 180 _f._;
to civil service, 181.

Emperor, defined, 3 _f._

Empire, defined, 1 _ff._;
of Rome, 4;
legally impossible, 25;
how secured, 38;
of Athens, criticism of, 70 _ff._;
of Ptolemies, reasons for, 160 _ff._

Ephorate, compared with Roman tribunate, 83 _f._

Epirus, under Macedon, 235;
deserts Macedon, 240.

Equality of states, 33, 237 _f._, 241.

Erythræ, Sibyl of, 128.

_Ethne_, predecessors of city-states, 6;
in Egypt, 176 _f._;
rise of, in Hellas, 228;
replaced by _koina_, 236.

Euhemerus, 142 _f._

Eumenes, of Pergamum, revolts, 159.

Euripides, criticized by Plato, 104.

Europeans, contrast of, with Orientals, 131 _ff._

Federation, defined, 3.

Feudal lords in Persian empire, 199.

Fiefs, in Seleucid empire, 200 _f._, 203 _f._

Fleet, of Athens, 69 _f._

Foreign policy, influence of, 238 _f._

Freedom, origin of, in cities, 7 _ff._

Gaza, battle of, 184.

Generals, special position of, in Athens, 58.

Gordian knot, 125 _f._

Government, science of, born, 97.

Gracchus, Tiberius, 15.

Greece, golden age of, 41.

Greeks, mania of, for classifying things, 80 _f._;
absorbed by Egyptians, 181.

Gymnasia, in Egypt, 177 _f._

Hannibal, interest for, in Greece, 246 _ff._

Hegemony, nature of, 25;
of Sparta, 25;
becomes an absurdity, 25 _f._

Heliæa, constitution of, 49;
powers of, 50 _f._

Hellas, unification of, 34.

Hellenism, in Egypt, 176 _f._, 181;
in China, 193;
in Asia, 133 _ff._, 205 _ff._

Hellenization, of Asia by Seleucids, 195 _ff._;
of Judæa, 212 _f._

Helots, 19;
annual declaration of war upon, 86 _f._;
confined within Perioec ring-wall, 87 _f._

_Hieroduli_, 197 _ff._

History, character of, 108 _f._

Huns, 192.

Imperialism, defined, 4;
evaded by federal leagues, 32 _f._;
justified, 36.

Indemnities, in Athens, 64.

Industry, in Athens, 12.

Ipsus, battle of, 185.

Iranians, opinion of Alexander as to, 136.

Irreligion, basis of deification of Alexander, 142, 144 _f._

Isocrates, 26.

Isopolity, defined, 31 _f._

Jews, kinsmen of the Spartans, 79;
of the gymnosophists, 80;
encouraged in revolt by Rome, 191.

Judæus, Spartan oecist of Judæa, 79.

Julius Cæsar, 4;
and Cleopatra, 152 _f._;
as Ammon, 162.

Kingship, Aristotle's theory of, 120 _f._

Lacedæmon, population of, 85.

Laodice, wife of Antiochus II, 186 _ff._;
murders Berenice, 231;
war of, with Egypt, 231.

Larisa, 20.

Leader of the people, at Athens, 60 _f._

League, _Achæan_, 32;
defects of, 33 _f._, 228;
expansion of, 230;
territory of, 234;
alliance of, with Ætolians, 235;
development of, 235 _ff._;
institutions of, 237 _ff._;
laws of, 240;
war of, with Demetrius II, 240 _f._
... _Ætolian_, 32;
defects of, 33 _f._, 228;
treaty of, with Antigonus Gonatas, 232;
expansion of, 233;
territory of, 234;
alliance of, with Achæans, 235;
development of, 235 _ff._;
founds city-states, 236;
institutions of, 237 _ff._;
dismembered by Macedon, 240;
deserts Achæans, 241;
ally of Sparta, 241;
attacks Macedon, 245 _f._, 248.
... _Boeotian_, 27 _ff._
... _Hellenic_, under Sparta, 20 _ff._, 89 _f._;
under Philip II, 28 _ff._, 244;
under Antigonus Doson, 34, 242 _ff._;
dissolved by Alexander, 129 _f._;
under Antigonus I, 221.
... _of Islanders_, 159, 227, 229, 230 _f._, 232.
... _Peloponnesian_, 20, 89, 95.

Leagues, as federal units, 243;
extent of powers of, 244.

Leisure, lack of, in Athens, 61.

Literature, in Athens, 59 _f._;
the corruptor of the Athenians, 103 _f._

Lot, election by, in Athens, 52, 53, 55;
theory of, 55.

Lysimachus, king of Macedon, 220.

Maccabæus, correspondence of, with Sparta, 79 _f._

Macedon, relation of, to Hellas, 215;
army of, 217;
national state in, 217;
Roman province, 218;
troubles of, 224.

Macedonians, heirs of Alexander, 149;
establish a regency, 149;
refuse to carry out Alexander's plans, 150;
characteristics of, 215 _f._;
sacrifices of, for empire, 216 _f._;
aversion to imperialism, 222.

Magas, of Cyrene, death of, 231.

Magnesia, battle of, 190.

Machiavelli, compared with Aristotle, 110 _ff._

Messenians, revolts of, 87.

Meyer, Eduard, on _proskynesis_, 131 _ff._

Mnesimachus, fief of, 201.

Monarchy, influence of, 239.

Municipality, and city, 17 _f._

Napoleon, on generalship, 122;
on Alexander, 123.

Nation, and city, 17 _ff._

Naucratis, 163, 168.

Nectanebus, reputed father of Alexander, 162.

Nicæa, dupe of Gonatas, 232.

Olympias, wife of Philip, marriage of, 116;
religion of, 118 _f._;
queen of Epirus, 233 _f._

Oration, Funeral, significance of, 45 _f._

Orientals, contrast of, with Europeans, 131 _ff._

Ostracism, function of, in Athens, 60 _f._

Palestine, becomes Seleucid, 188;
Hellenization of, 196, 212 _f._

Pan, patron of Gonatas, 232.

Panchæa, 143.

Parthians, rebellion of, 188, 192;
power of, 192.

Patriotism, in city-states, 18 _f._

Pella, 118, 221.

Pergamum, incites dynastic war in Syria, 191.

Pericles, 41;
law of, regarding citizenship, 14;
Funeral Oration of, 44 _ff._;
and art, 48;
and drama, 48;
and Plato, 48 _f._;
aim of, in introducing indemnities, 64 _f._;
ideal of,
64 _f._;
defends misuse of tribute, 71 _f._;
judgment on, by Thucydides, 75 _f._

Perioecs, 19;
ring of, around Spartan land, 88.

Persepolis, 129.

Persia, supports hegemony in Greece, 25;
feudal lords in empire of, 199.

Persians, conciliated by Alexander, 130, 131;
Hellenization of, 133;
foster local religions, 197 _ff._

Pharaoh, sole god on earth, 163.

Phila, wife of Antigonus Gonatas, 223.

Philip II, and Thebes, 28 _f._;
hegemon of Hellas, 28 _ff._;
relations of, with Olympias, 116;
murder of, 116;
achievements of, 116 _ff._;
court of, 118.

Philip V, war of, with Ætolians, 245 _f._

Phoenicia, source of timber for Egypt, 172.

Phthia, queen of Macedon, 234.

Plato, 26;
a student of his present alone, 99;
without sense of historic truth, 99 _f._, 107;
misreads the future, 100;
historic conceptions of, 100 _f._;
and governmental control, 101 _f._;
disgust of, for democracy, 102;
abandons theory of individual liberty, 102;
dislike of, for Athenian empire, 103;
dislike of, for Athenian culture, 103 _f._;
assailant of materialism, 105;
advocate of aristocracy, 106 _f._

Plutarch, 15.

Poetry, place of, in Greek education, 119 _f._

Politics, in Athens, 56 _f._;
instruction of Alexander in, 120.

Polybius, in Egypt, 181.

Polytheism, elasticity of, 140 _f._

Pompey, conquers Syria, 191.

Popillius, Gaius, 213.

Priests, governments of, in Asia Minor, 197 _f._

_Proskynesis_, of individuals established, 131;
meaning of, 131 _ff._;
of cities, 147 _f._;
under the _diadochi_, 164 _f._, 208, 221.

Prussia, divine right of kings in, 3, 37.

Ptolemais, 163 _f._

Ptolemies, dynasty of, 151 _f._;
empire of, restored, 153 _f._;
imperial policy of, 155;
saved by Rome, 160;
deification of, in Greek cities, 164;
army of, 167 _f._, 173 _ff._;
owners of land and people of Egypt, 169;
farmers, manufacturers, merchants, 169 _f._;
temple policy of, 172 _f._;
land policy of, 172 _ff._;
gifts of, to friends, 173;
abandon land policy, 180;
later monarchs, 181 _f._;
lose Palestine, 188;
incite dynastic war in Syria, 191.

Ptolemy, son of Lagos, goes to Egypt, 150 _f._;
founds a dynasty, 151;
founds an empire, 155 _f._;
son of Ammon, 162 _ff._;
king of the Macedonians, 166 _f._;
religious policy of, 178 _f._
... _Ceraunus_, 220.
... _Philadelphus_, 155;
eulogy of, by Theocritus, 156, 171 _f._;
character of, 157 _f._;
diplomat, 158;
occupies Ionia, 159;
forces of, 167;
revolt in Ionia against, 228;
war of, with Antiochus II, 229,
with Rhodians, 229,
with Macedon and Syria, 230 _ff._
... _Euergetes_, victorious in Asia, 159;
beaten on sea, 159;
neglects fleet, 179;
war of, in Asia, 231 _f._;
generalissimo of Achæan league, 232 _f._;
weakness of, 242.
... _Philopator_, military policy of, 180.
... _Euergetes II_, "the god," 166, 181.
... _The Piper_, 152.

Pydna, battle of, 213, 217.

Pyrrhus, king of Macedon, 220;
invades Macedon, 223 _f._

Quartering of troops, in Egypt,

Races, fusion of, in Seleucid empire, 206.

Reaction, age of, 95 _ff._;
of Plato, unreality of, 106 _f._

Reformation, age of, in Greece, 83.

Reformers, political, 26.

Religion, and deification of rulers, 141 _f._;
in Egypt, 178 _f._

Representation according to population, 27, 33 _f._, 237, 243.

Rhodians, war of, with Ptolemy II, 229.

Romans, heirs of Greeks, 5;
empire of, 35;
save Ptolemies, 160;
war of, with Illyrians, 241;
with Macedonians, 248.

Rome, Senate of, disarms Seleucids, 190 _f._,
encourages revolt of Jews, 191,
sets up usurpers in Syria, 191;
emperors of, use Seleucid land policy, 204;
Italian federation of, compared with Seleucid empire, 210 _f._;
intimidates Seleucids, 213 _f._;
imperial problems of, 214.

Rotation of office, in Athens, 55 _f._

Roxane, married by Alexander, 130, 136.

Samians, get Athenian citizenship, 31.

Sarapis, 178.

Sea-power, benefits of, 66 _ff._;
gained by Alexander, 126 _f._;
of Egypt, 156, 158;
struggle for, between Egypt and Macedon, 159;
abandoned by Egypt, 160;
first gained by Egypt, 227;
restored, 230;
lost, 233.

Seleucids, hemmed in by Egypt, 159;
division in dynasty of, 187;
get access to sea, 188;
lose prestige in Asia, 189 _f._;
disarmed by Rome, 190 _f._;
dynastic war among, 191;
half Iranian, 195;
expansion of, 196 _ff._;
crown lands of, 199;
land policy of, 202 _f._;
administrative service of, 203;
local government of, 203, 205;
empire of, a conglomerate
of states, 205 _ff._;
relation of, to city-states, 208;
difficulties of, 211;
intimidated by Rome, 213 _f._

Seleucus, son of Antiochus, 184;
at Ipsus, 185;
reaches Mediterranean, 185;
at Corupedion, 185;
faithful to Iranian wife, 195;
relation to Alexander, 195.
... _Callinicus_, 186.

Sellasia, battle of, 242.

Semites, view of Alexander as to, 135 _f._

Sicilian expedition, 76.

Sicyon, added to Achæan league, 230.

Siwah, oasis of, visited by Alexander, 126 _ff._, 139 _ff._

Slavery, rôle of, in Athens, 61 _f._

Social War, 246.

Socrates, 97.

Sparta, size of, 19;
Peloponnesian league of, 20;
Hellenic league of, 20 _f._;
supports aristocracy, 20;
pretexts of, for tyranny, 25;
refuses to enter Achæan league, 32 _f._;
funeral custom of, 43;
home of poets and musicians, 81 _f._;
golden age of art at, 82;
absence of tyrants in, 84;
military life of, 84 _f._;
puritan movement in, 85;
army of, 86;
danger of, from Helots, 87;
growth of, 87 _ff._;
change of foreign policy by, 88 _f._;
in conflict with democratic movement, 89 _f._;
domestic situation in, when hegemon, 90 _ff._;
imperial problems of, 93 _ff._;
donation to, from Ætolians, 241.

Spartans, kinsmen of the Jews, 79 _f._

_Stasis_, 22 _ff._

Stoa, philosophy of, in Macedon, 225 _f._

Superiority, essential in empire, 2.

Susa, great marriage of, 136 _ff._

_Symmachia_, basis of Spartan empire, 20 _f._;
of Athenian empire, 24 _f._

Sympolity, defined, 32 _f._

Syncretism, religious, in Egypt, 178 _f._

Synod, Boeotian, 27 _ff._;
Hellenic, of Philip II, 28 _ff._;
of Antigonus Doson, 242 _ff._;
Achæan, 237.

Taxes, in Athens, 68.

Temples, in Egypt, 172 _f._;
subordinated to city-states by Seleucids, 200;
despoiled by Seleucids, 200 _f._

Thebes, hegemony of, 26;
position of, in Boeotia, 27;
destruction of, 123 _f._

Themistocles, policy of, 39 _f._

Theocritus, on Philadelphus, 156, 171 _f._

Theopompus, on Philip II, 118.

Thermopylæ, battle of, 189 _f._

Thucydides, on stasis, 22 _ff._;
on empire, 23 _f._;
Funeral Oration of, 44 _ff._;
on the Athenian empire, 75 _f._;
political sense of, 77.

Tigranes the Great, conquers Syria, 192.

Tribute, how used by Athenians, 71.

Troy, visited by Alexander, 124 _f._

Truth, in Plato, 98.

Tyche, worship of, by the irreligious, 144.

Tyranny, outlawed, 239 _f._

Tyrants, absent in Sparta, 84;
in Greece, 224 _f._

Universality, logical issue of imperialism, 4 _f._

Worship of the dead, so-called, 14 _ff._

Xerxes, army of, 40.

Yue Tchi, immigration of, 192;
occupy Sogdiana, Bactria, and India, 193.

Zeno, tutor of Antigonus Gonatas, 222.