Chapter XVIII: Appendix (2)

⸺ Cacao; How to Grow, and how to Cure it. London, n. d.

MORRIS, D. Liberian Coffee; its History and Cultivation. Kingston, Jamaica, n. d.

MORTILLET, G. DE. Le Signe de la Croix avant le Christianisme. Paris, 1866.

MOTOLINIA, Fr. TORIBIO DE BENAVENTO. Historia de los Indios de Nueva España. Coll. Ed. J. C. Icazbalceta. Mexico, 1858.

⸺ Ritos antiguos y sacrificios. (Kingsborough. IX. Supp.) 1830-48.

NORMAN, B. M. Rambles in Yucatan; including a Visit to the Remarkable Ruins of Chi-Chen, Kabah, Zayi, and Uxmal. New York, 1843. (Contains a Maya Vocabulary and Grammar.)

NUÑEZ DE LA VEGA. Constituciones diocesanas del Obispado de Chiapas, etc. Guatemala, 1701.

ORDOÑEZ, RAMÓN DE. Historia del cielo y de la tierra, etc. MS. in the Museo Nacional de Mexico.

OROZCO Y BERRA. Geografía de las lenguas y Carta ethnográfica de Mexico. Mexico, 1866.

OVIEDA Y VALDEZ, GONZALO HERNANDEZ DE. Historia general y natural de las Indias Islas y Tierra Firme del Mar Oceano. Sevilla, 1535. Another edition, by Amador de los Rios. Madrid, 1855. 4 vols. folio.

PALACIO, Dr. DIEGO GARCIA DE. (Oydor de la Real Audiencia de Guatemala.) Carta dirigida al Rey de España, Año de 1576. E. G. Squier. New York, 1860.

PATERSON, WILLIAM. Central America. From a MS. in the British Museum, 1701. Edited by S. Bannister, London, 1857.

PELAEZ. Memorias para la historia del antiguo reino de Guatemala, redactados por el Ilmo. Señor Dr. Francisco de Paula Garcia Pelaez, arzobispo de esta santa Iglesia metropolitana. Guatemala, 1851. 3 vols. 8vo.

PERALTA, MANUEL M. DE. Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Panama en el siglo XVI (1552-1610), su historia y sus limites. Madrid, 1883.

PEREZ, PIO. Diccionario Maya.

PERREY, ALEXIS. Documents sur les Tremblements de terre en Mexique et l’Amérique centrale. (Annales de la Société d’émulation des Vosges, t. 6, 1847.)

PIM, BEDFORD, and SEEMANN, BERTOLD. Dottings on the Roadside in Panama, Nicaragua and Mosquito. London, 1869.

PIMENTEL, FRANCISCO. Cuadro descriptivo y comparativo de las lenguas indigenas de Mexico. Mexico, 1862. Second edition, 1875. 3 vols.

POLAKAWSKY, Dr. H. Central America. In “Das Ausland,” Nov. 1876.

RAU, CHARLES. The Palenque Tablet in the United States National Museum at Washington. (Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1879, p. 331.)

RAYON, D. IGNACIO. Proceso de Pedro de Alvarado y Nuño de Guzman, con notas del Licenciado D. J. Fernando Ramirez. Mexico, 1847.

REICHARDT, C. F. Centro-Amerika. Nach den gegenwärtigen Zuständen des Landes und Volkes, in Beziehung der beiden Oceane und im Interesse der deutschen Auswanderung, bearbeitet von C. F. R. Braunschweig, 1851.

⸺ Nicaragua, nach eigener Anschauung im Jahre 1852. Braunschweig, 1854.

REMESAL, Fr. ANTONIO. Historia general de las Indias Occidentales, y particular de la governacion de Chiapa y Guatemala. Madrid, 1620.

REYNOSO, Fr. DIEGO DE. Arte y Vocabulario de la lengua Mame o Zaklohpakap. Mexico, 1644.

RIO, ANTONIO DEL. Description of the Ruins of an Ancient City (Palenque). London, 1822. 4to. (See Cabrera.)

RITTER, CARL. Ueber neue Entdeckungen und Beobachtungen in Guatemala und Yucatan. Berlin. (“Zeitschrift für allgemeine Erdkunde.” Bd. I.)

RIVERO. Atlas Guatemalteco en ocho cartas. 1832.

ROBERTS, ORLANDO W. Narrative of Voyages and Excursions on the East Coast and in the Interior of Central America, describing a Journey up the River San Juan, and Passage across the Lake of Nicaragua to the City of Leon; pointing out the Advantages of a Direct Commercial Intercourse with the Natives. Edinburgh, 1827.

ROCKSTROH, EDWIN. Informe de la comision científica del Instituto Nacional de Guatemala, para el estudio de los fenómenos volcanicos en el Lago de Ilopango, de la República del Salvador. Guatemala, 1880.

ROMAN, HIERONIMO. Repúblicas del Mundo; Tercera Parte, De la República de las Indias Occidentales. Salamanca, 1595.

ROSNY, LEON DE. Ensayo sobro la interpretacion de la Escritura Hierática de la América Central. (Traslado) Madrid, 1881. Folio. 200 copies. The original Essai sur le Déchiffrement de l’Écriture Hiératique de l’Amérique centrale, Paris, 1876, was also limited to two hundred copies.

⸺ Codex Cortesianus. Paris, 1883. MS. hiératique des anciens Indiens de l’Amérique centrale, conservé au Musée archéologique de Madrid. Avec introduction et un vocabulaire de l’écriture hiératique yucatéque.

SAHAGUN, BERNARDINO DE. Historia de la Conquista de Mexico. Mexico, 1829.

⸺ Historia de Nueva España. Mexico, 1829-30. 3 vols. 8vo.

⸺ Historia universal de las cosas de Nueva España. 1830-48. (See Kingsborough.)

SAINT-PRIEST et BARADÈRE. Antiquités Mexicaines. Paris, 1804. 2 vols. Folio.

SALISBURY, STEPHEN. The Mayas. Worcester, Mass., 1877.

SAN BUENAVENTURA, Fr. GABRIEL DE. Arte de la Lengua Maya. Mexico, 1684. Reprinted in Mission Scientifique au Mexique et à l’Amérique Centrale. 1870.

SANCHEZ DE AGUILAR, Dr. PEDRO. Informe contra Idolum Cultores del Obispado de Yucatan. Madrid, 1639.

SCHERZER, Dr. KARL. Sprachen der Indianer Central-amerikas. Wien, 1855. (In Sitzeber. der kais. Acad. der Wiss. phil. hist. Klasse. Bd. XV, Heft 1.)

⸺ Die Indianer von Santa Catalina Istlavacan; ein Beitrag zur Culturgeschichte der Urbewohner Central Amerikas. Wien, 1856.

⸺ Travels in Central America, Nicaragua, Honduras, and San Salvador. 1857. 2 vols. 8vo.

SCHULTZ, Rev. THEODORE. The Arawack Language of Guiana in its Linguistic and Ethnological Relations. Philadelphia, 1871. (Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc.)

SOLIS, ANTONIO DE. Historia de la Conquista de Mejico,—“Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards.” Translated by T. Townsend. London, 1753. 2 vols. 8vo.

SOLÓRZANO Y PEREYRA, JUAN DE. Politica Indiana sacada en Lengua Castellan adelos dos tomos del derecho i govierno municipal de las Indias Occidentales, dividida en seis libros, en los quales se trata todo lo tocante al Descubrimiento, Descripcion, Adquisicion i Retencion de las mesmas Indias. Madrid, 1648. A translation of “Disquisitiones de Indiarum Jure” (1629-39). Another edition in folio, 2 vols. 1776.

SONNENSTERN. Descripcion del estado del Salvador. New York, 1859.

SQUIER, E. G. The Volcanoes of Central America, and the Geographical and Topographical Features of Nicaragua as connected with the proposed Interoceanic Canal. New York, 1850.

⸺ Nicaragua; its People, Scenery, Monuments, and the proposed Interoceanic Canal. New York, 1852. 2 vols. 8vo.

SQUIER, E. G. Notes on Central America, particularly the States of Honduras and Salvador. New York, 1855.

STEPHENS, JOHN LLOYD. Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatan. New York, 1841. Revised by F. Catherwood, London, 1854.

⸺ Incidents of Travel in Yucatan. London, 1843. 2 vols.

STOLL, Dr. OTTO. Zur Ethnographie der Republik Guatemala. Zurich, 1884.

STOUT, PETER F. Nicaragua, Past, Present, and Future; a Description of its Habitants, Customs, etc. Philadelphia, 1859.

STRANGEWAYS, THOMAS. Sketch of the Mosquito Shore. Edinburgh, 1822.

SUCKAU, HENRI DE. Une Voie Nouvelle à travers l’Amérique Centrale. Étude Géographique, Ethnographique et Statistique sur le Honduras. Paris, 1866.

TERNAUX-COMPANS, H. Voyages, relations et mémoires originaux pour servir à l’histoire de la découverte de l’Amérique. Paris, 1840. 22 vols. 8vo.

THOMPSON, GEORGE ALEXANDER. Narrative of an Official Visit to Guatemala from Mexico. London, 1829.

TORQUEMADA, J. DE. Monarquia Indiana, con el origen y guerras de los indios occidentales, de sus poblaciones, descubrimiento, conquista, conversion, y otras cosas maravillosas de misma tierra. Madrid, 1723. 3 vols. folio. The second edition (1614) is one of the best.

TORRENTE, M. Historia de la Revolucion Hispano-Americana (1809-29). Madrid, 1829-30.

TYLOR, EDWARD B. Anahuac; or, Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern. New York, 1861.

VALENTINI, PHILIP J. J. The Katunes of Maya History. A Chapter in the early Chronology of Central America, with special reference to the Pio-Perez Manuscripts. Worcester, Mass., 1879. (Proc. Amer. Antiq. Soc.)

⸺ The Landa Alphabet; a Spanish Fabrication. Worcester, Mass., 1880. (Proc. Amer. Antiq. Soc., April 28.)

VALOIS, ALFRED DE. Mexique, Havana et Guatemala. Paris, 1862.

VANDEGEHUCHTE. Observations astronomiques et topographiques sur la république de Guatemala. Nouvelles Annales des Voyages. Avril, 1860. Paris.

VEREA. Calepino. (Vocabulary.)

VEYTIA. Historia antigua de Mexico.

VILLAGUTIERRE SOTO MAYOR, JUAN DE. Historia de la Conquista de la Provincia de el Itza, reduccion y progresos de la de el Lacandon, y otras naciones de Indios Barbaros, de la mediacion de el Reyno de Guatemala, á las Provincias de Yucatan, en el América Septentrional. Madrid, 1701.

WAGNER, M., und SCHERZER, KARL. Die Republik Costa Rica. Leipzic, 1857.

WAGNER, M. Naturwissenschaftlichen Reisen im tropischen Amerika, Stuttgart, 1870.

WALDECK, FRED. DE. Voyage pittoresque et archéologique dans la Province d’Yucatan. Paris, 1838. Folio.

⸺ Recherches sur les ruines de Palenque. Paris, 1866. Folio.

WALKER, WILLIAM. The War in Nicaragua. Mobile, 1860. (This was the filibuster who was shot at Trujillo.)

WAPPÄUS, Dr. J. E. Mittel- und Sud-Amerika. Leipzic, 1870.

WELLS, WILLIAM V. Explorations and Adventures in Honduras; comprising sketches of travel in the Gold Regions of Olancho, and a Review of the History and Resources of Central America. New York, 1857.

⸺ Walker’s Expedition to Nicaragua: a History of the Central American War and the Sonora and Kinney Expeditions, including all the recent Diplomatic Correspondence; together with a new and accurate Map of Central America, and a Memoir and Portrait of General William Walker. New York, 1856.

XIMENES, Fr. FRANCISCO. Las Historias del origen de los indios de esta provincia de Guatemala, traducidas de la lengua Quiché al Castellano para mas comodidad de los ministros del sagrado evangelio. Viena, 1857. Ed. por Karl Scherzer.

FOOTNOTES

[1] Petermann’s Mittheilungen, 1869.

[2] This business is declining, owing to the inferior cattle produced in Florida and shipped at a cheaper rate.

[3] Guatemala has been accepted (1886) by both Nicaragua and Costa Rica as referee in the boundary dispute.

[4] Another year we climbed the rock and found several interesting plants, but no human remains.

[5] These were vampire bats (_Phyllostoma sp._); and several times afterwards we saw cattle that had been so severely bitten that the blood was still dripping from their shoulders the next morning. These little fellows are about the size of an English sparrow; and yet they do as much harm as their much larger relatives of South America. They have ventured into our sleeping-room at Livingston; but would generally awaken us by brushing our faces with their wings,—perhaps because our feet (the part they usually attack) were covered.

[6] “These serpentes are lyke unto crocodiles, saving in bigness; they call them guanas. Unto that day none of owre men durste aduenture to taste of them, by reason of theyre horrible deformitie and lothsomnes. Yet the Adelantado being entysed by the pleasantnes of the king’s sister, Anacaona, determined to taste the serpentes. But when he felte the flesh thereof to be so delycate to his tongue, he fel to amayne without al feare. The which thyng his companions perceiuing, were not behynde hym in greedyness; insomuch that they had now none other talke than of the sweetnesse of these serpentes, which they affirm to be of more pleasant taste than eyther our phesantes or partriches.”—_Peter Martyr, decad. i. book v. (Eden’s English translation)._

[7] The Naturalist in Nicaragua, by Thomas Belt, p. 222.

[8] Should the new product, saccharine, meet with favor, the planting of cane will follow the fate of indigo; and coal-tar will supply the sweet things of life as well as the flavors and colors. Coal is “sweetness and light”!

[9] Its armament was approved by the Royal Seal, Nov. 7, 1658, and an order of Feb. 26, 1687, provided for its complete repair. The plan is from a sketch by F. E. Blaisdell.

[10] I may add that soon after our arrival in Coban the Jefe politico deposed this unworthy comandante, punishing him with various indignities.

[11] Owing to the heavy duty, iron stoves are seldom seen in Guatemala; but a structure of stone, where that material is at hand, elsewhere of sticks covered with clay, is reared to the height of about two feet. Its size depends, of course, on the wants of the household; but large or small, the form is always the same. Three suitable stones, forming what would correspond to a pot-hole in an ordinary stove, are embedded in the clay-top of this house-altar, and the long slim sticks that furnish fuel serve also as poker, shovel, and tongs. There is no chimney, but the smoke and steam escape by the many cracks in the walls or by the windows. On one stone tripod a _comal_ for tortillas, on another an earthen pitcher of coffee, and on another a stew-pan (_cazuela_) of frijoles, is the usual kitchen arrangement. Answering its purpose as well as a costly stove, it may be built for a few reals; and if an oven is needed for bread, a stone and earthen dome built over such a table-like hearth makes a capital one, not unlike those so common among the Canadians and in other half-civilized countries.

[12] In 1882, $1,266,042.43, or about one fifth of the total revenue.

[13] The uses of pottery in Central America are almost universal; it supplies not only water-cisterns, flour-barrels, ovens, stoves, wash-tubs, baths, coffee-pots, stew-pans, but dishes, lamps, floors, roofs, and aqueducts. Some made of white clay is exceedingly light, and the patterns are often very tasteful. The _tinajas_ (water-jars) and _cántaras_ are also light, but very strong, while the _cazuelas_, or flat pans, and the coffee-pots are quite fire proof. I have seen a house-wall built of pots not unlike a Yankee bean-pot in shape, the mouths opening into the house being “pigeon-holes” for the human inhabitants; while those opening out of doors were the nesting-places of pigeons and hens. The roof-tiles are not in great variety, usually semicylindrical or conical, and seldom ornamented; floor-tiles are large, square, and not very thick. The porous water-jars suspended in a current of air keep their contents refreshingly cool.

[14] Calabashes are of great importance and of universal use as household utensils. Some varieties are long and slim, and these, split lengthwise, make ladles; the very spherical ones make boxes, flat ones form bowls and platters, while those of the shape illustrated become chocolate-cups. The black color is permanent, although scarcely penetrating the hard surface; it is made by a bean that I have not been able to identify. Calabash-cups, although very light, are strong and durable. I have one, given me by Don Ramón Viada of Trujillo, which is as delicate as porcelain.

[15] It is well to explain that the framework used for carrying small articles on the back is called _kataure_ by the Caribs, and _carcaste_ by the Indios of the interior. Ramón carried in his not only all my photographic apparatus,—the camera and box of plates being carefully wrapped in water-proof material,—but also our cooking utensils and his own luggage. After he left us we found so much trouble in hiring suitable carcastes that we purchased one for a few reals and fitted it up with pita cords, which served our purpose very conveniently. When a desirable view presented, a whistle brought the mozo to our side, and from ten to fifteen minutes only were required to unpack, set up, expose one or two plates, repack, and remount our animals. It may be interesting to state that in all this long journey, where plates were carried in this way, not one was broken, nor was a piece of the apparatus damaged.

[16] There were many similar organs in the old churches,—some, indeed, removed to the lumber-rooms; but they were so securely fastened together that I could not get at the internal mechanism without too much disturbance, and I concluded that the instruments were imported entire. No modern organs of any size were seen outside of the metropolitan cathedrals; and yet even a large organ is very easy to transport. One little instrument that I tried was not in tune, but the pipe-tones were good. In the old church at Trujillo Frank found a modern French cabinet-organ of remarkably sweet tones.

[17] In stumbling over this crooked name, it occurs to me that it would be fair to my readers, who are perhaps less familiar with Indian names, to state briefly how they are pronounced. _G_ is always guttural; _ch_ is like _tche_; _h_ is strongly aspirate; _j_ is pronounced like _h_; _x_ is _sh_; _u_ is the French _ou_; _v_ is equivalent to _w_; and the vowels have the Italian values. Of the Indian names the signification is not always known, but there are certain terminations common enough and well understood; as _tepec_, a mountain or high thing, in Alotepec, Quezaltepec, Coatepeque, Olintepeque, Jilotepeque. Those who are curious in these matters will find another note in the Appendix.

[18] It is the duty of every person to whose house strangers come to pass the night to report to headquarters the name, where from and whither bound, so that we could be tracked all over the republic from the central telegraph office in Guatemala City,—often very useful.

[19] There is no little confusion in the nomenclature of the sapotes, or sapodillas. What is usually called sapote in Guatemala does not belong to the genus _Sapota_, but to an allied genus _Lucuma_, and is known in the West Indies as the mammee-apple. The true sapote has several seeds; the mammee only one. An allied genus contains the star-apple (_Chrysophyllum cainito_). The sapoton, or big sapote, does not even belong to the _Sapota_ family, but is a _Pachira_.

[20] Sweet peas and geraniums in abundance, carnations, marigolds, campanula, yarrow, pinks, sweet-williams, chrysanthemums, iris, scabious, abutilon, poppy, princess’-feathers, fuchsia, linaria, _Lilium candidum_, peach, evening-primrose, gilliflowers, amaryllis, gladioli, alyssum, larkspur, brugmansia, mignonette, sunflower, adenanthera, willow, balsams, dahlia, spider-lily, canna, hollyhock, eucalyptus, ragged-lady, roses (4), yellow sweet-clover, asparagus, _Hydrangea hortensis_, blue African lily, lupine, Boston-pink, wool-pink, cypress, sedum, agave, chelidonium, euphorbia (long-leaved), and broom.

[21] It was here that the Vice-President, Flores, was torn to pieces by women in the last days of the Confederacy, when the Church was in power.

[22] The cases of these rockets were of bambu, and usually three were attached to one stick. As they were fired in daylight, and valued for their effect upon the ear rather than the eye, the proportion of explosive powder was increased,—each discharge giving three sharp cracks.

[23] These little apples—about the size of crab-apples—are tasteless uncooked, but make an excellent _dulce_; the señoras know how to use them for a sweet pickle.

[24] Palin is the market-garden and orchard of the metropolis, and the fruit is good, but not cultivated with any care; nor is there here or elsewhere in Guatemala any attempt to procure new and choice varieties of either fruits or vegetables.

[25] It was in this garden that the attempt was made to kill President Barrios, on the evening of Sunday, April 13, 1884. He was walking with General Barrundia, the Minister of War, when a bomb exploded, severely wounding both; but to allay public excitement the President bravely walked twice around the garden, and then home. The would-be assassin was captured, and proved to be a former conspirator whom Barrios had generously pardoned. The bomb was loaded with poisoned bullets.

[26] One of these stirrups (seen in the figure), given to me by Don Enrique Toriello, then Jefe at Livingston, now Chargé d’Affaires and Consul-General of Guatemala at New York, weighs five and a half pounds, and is seventeen inches long.

[27] See note on Zompopos in the Appendix.

[28] These acacias not only yield gum-arabic, but the pods contain so much tannin that they are used to make ink.

[29] Another time when Frank was crossing he had to swim for his life, and nearly lost his animals.

[30] Although on the stone, and in the photograph as well, this head has the appearance noted in the text, a more careful examination of the photographic image magnified shows that the upper portion of the seemingly human face is in truth that of a tigre, while the flowing beard is the remaining part of a mutilated human face.

[31] Le mithe de Votan. H. de Charencey, Alençon, 1871.

[32] Pronounced Shibalbay.

[33] Discovered by Spaniards in 1750, but no illustrations were published until 1834.

[34] Meaning dumb, because they could not pronounce certain letters of the Cakchiquel alphabet.

[35] Topiltzin Acxitl, the Tultec king of Copantl.

[36] This recalls the _Kahili_, or feather standard, the symbol of authority in the Hawaiian Islands.

[37] The signification of these names, as given by a distinguished scholar, is as follows: _Hunahpu_, the one master of supernatural power; _Vuch_, opossum; _Gucumatz_, decorated with feathers; _Xmucane_, female vigor; _Xpiyacoc_, membrum virile (_xiphil_, and _ococ_, to enter); _Huracan_, one very great (_hun_, one, and _racan_, great); _Cabracan_, second great one; _Chirakan_, ostium vaginæ; _Tepeu_, high.

[38] It is probable that at this time they circumcised their sons, although we have no direct statement to that effect. The Mayas practised this sanatory measure, which seems to have had no religious significance. Stone knives were used, and only once.

[39] I have often had the pleasure of conversing with cannibals, and they always assured me that the hands were the choicest morsel. It will be noted that, the Central American Indios always boiled their cannibal food, while the Pacific Islanders as generally roasted it. In one of the manuscripts preserved in the Vatican Library is a clear picture of this process, and the kettle seems large enough to receive the body whole.

[40] It is the way of Christian communities to speak with holy horror of the human sacrifices these heathen were accustomed to offer at each new year to their gods; the bloodthirsty Christian Spaniards spoke much in the same way of these sacrifices three centuries ago. While the Indios did what they honestly believed was right, and did it in a most merciful manner, without torture, the cruel invaders, in the name of the gentle Jesus of Nazareth and of the Mother of God, burned these poor Indios alive by hundreds (Las Casas says by thousands), or gave them to be torn in pieces by the dogs. Let the Christian nations hold their peace over the human sacrifices of Central America, when they remember the Holy Inquisition, St. Bartholomew, and the tortures of Jews, Turks, witches, Quakers, and other heretics, sanctioned by the Christian Church,—murders so cruel, so unprovoked, that they make the sacrifices of the Indios seem no worse than justifiable homicide. Were the sacrifices to Tohil so much more sinful than the sacrifices so common in this enlightened nation of children born, or unborn, to the Molochs of Comfort or Reputation?

[41] The Spaniards found, according to Herrera (Decade III. lib. iv.), paintings done at Utatlan eight hundred years before the Conquest, in which were represented the three kinds of royal insignia,—indicating an antiquity greater than that of the Aztecs.

[42] Monarquia Indiana, lib. ii. ch. xii.

[43] Among the curious illustrations in the Kingsborough Collection are coats of armor belonging to the nobles, consisting of a shirt of simple body-form, embroidered or painted with various devices. With these are helmets, sometimes of conical shape, but frequently in form of animal heads.

[44] Carrera was a servant in the family of the Marquis de Aycinena; afterwards a drummer-boy in the regiment under his master’s command. A pamphlet was published to prove that this young half-breed was a natural son of Aycinena. From the countenance as represented on the coins there is indication of Negro and Indian, rather than Spanish, blood in his parentage.

[45] “Art. 24. El ejercicio de todas las religiones, sin preeminencia alguna, queda garantizado en el interior de los templos; pero ese libre ejercicio no podrá extenderse hasta ejecutar actos subversivos ó practicas incompatibles con la paz y el órden público, ni da derecho para oponerse al cumplimiento de las obligaciones civiles y políticas.”

[46] “Lectura, nociones practicas de la lengua patria, conocimientos de objectos, escritura y dibujo lineal, geografía e historia, moral y urbanidad.”

[47] A new series of stamps was issued in 1886; and it is reported that they were furnished to the Government free of cost by a private individual, who asked as his only compensation the entire lot of stamps of the old issue then on hand. Evidently the rage for old postage-stamps has a money basis, and this contractor expects to get a corner on old Guatemaltecan stamps; and no doubt he will make profit on his venture.

[48] These are not the edible figs, but many varieties of the fig family that form an important food for monkeys and birds. In the latter part of this book I have given a list of the more important trees of this forest region.

[49] Professor Sereno Watson, of the Harvard College Herbarium, collected, during two winter months in the Department of Izabal, five hundred species of plants, many of them new to science (Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, vol. xxi. pp. 456 _et seq._). Notes of some of these will be found in the Appendix. He collected no less than twenty-five species of palms.

[50] In the Appendix will be found a list of the woods under their local names; but as these vary in the different provinces, it will be of little use in determining the trees from which they are obtained. Rosewood is said to be furnished by at least three trees not connected botanically, and the application of the name “cedar” is as puzzling.

[51] Mr. Coffin, the hospitable magistrate at Punta Gorda, gave me some of the best oil; and in the limited experiments I have tried with it, its properties much resemble those of coconut-oil.

[52] Lahaina, Salangore, Elephant, Ribbon.

[53] Even at nine cents per pound it pays as well as the best Jamaica at fourteen cents.

[54] Cacao: How to grow and how to cure it. London: Prepared by the Jamaica Government.

[55] Compendio de la Historia de la Ciudad de Guatemala, t. 2, p. 95, ed. 1818.

[56] The Colony of British Honduras. D. Morris, London, 1883, p. 76.

[57] British Honduras, p. 100.

[58] The Naturalist in Nicaragua, p. 56.

[59] Compendio, t. ii. p. 94, Concerning the Tepulcuat.

[60] See Appendix for account of the habits of the zompopos.

[61] Dollfus et Montserrat, Voyage géologique dans les républiques de Guatemala et Salvador. Paris, 1868.

[62] Not for the pseudo-geologists who see glacial action on every bed of recent lava or in every railroad embankment.

[63] Vandegehuchte.

[64] Rockstroh.

[65] Brasseur de Bourbourg, ii. 44.

[66] La Sociedad Económica, No. 6, March 14, 1880.

[67] Thomas Belt, The Naturalist in Nicaragua, p. 71.

INDEX.

[_Illustrations are marked by italic pagination._]

Abutilons, 88.

Acacia, 192.

Acajutla, 11.

Acorns in bark, 110.

Agatized wood, 70.

Agaves, 113, 355.

Agua Blanca, 197.

Agua, Volcan de, _159_, 387.

Aguacateca, 278.

Aguan River, 9.

Aguardiente monopoly, 101.

Aguas calientes, 5, 81, 381.

Akahales, 261.

Alaguilac, 278.

Alajuela, railroad, 22.

Alcaldes, _146_.

Aleman, Hotel, _91_, _92_.

Alligator, eggs, 372.
pear, 366.
shot, 75, 371.

Almolonga, 145, 269, 387.

Almuerzo, 30.

Altar of Tohil, _122_.

Alvarado, Jorge de, 11.
Pedro de, 265.
widow of, dies, 389.

Amapala, 16.

Amates, Los, 214.

Amatitlan, 174.
Laguna de, 9, 174.

Antigua, _159_.
ruins of, _161_.

Antonio, Saint, prayer to, 274.

Ants, 375.
in qualm-tree, 57.
leaf-cutting, 413.
white, 51, 375.

Apes, origin of, 234.

Argueta, 135, 151.

Armor, coats of, 258.
defensive, 258.

Arms of Guatemala, _281_.

Army, 296.

Asamblea Nacional, 292.

Ass at Jutiapa, 194.

Assassination attempted, 181.

Atitlan, Lago de, _154_, _156_, 402.
boat at, _153_.
Volcan de, 132, 382.

Audiencia Real, 281.

Avalanche from Agua, 358.

Avocado pear, 366.

Azacualpa, 192.

Bahama grass, 369.

Ball at Sacapulas, 116.

Ball-game, _257_.

Balsam coast shaken, 390.

Bananas, 351.

Baños de Medina. (_See_ Bath.)

Barbasco, 213.

Barbecue, _50_.

Barillas. M. L., _145_.

Barrack Point, _27_.

Barracks, Livingston, 33.

Barrancas, 87, 157.

Barrios, J. R. _149_.
in exile, 290.
president, 291.
visited, 180.
Puerto, 60, 61.

Bath, Atitlan, 152.
Bola de oro, 183.
Ciudad Vieja, 160.
Escuintla, 172.
in Pacific Ocean, 165.

Bats, destructive, 226.
vampire, 45.

Bay Islands, 17, 67.

Beans, 365.

Beetles, 374.

Belgian Colony, 36, 60.

Belize, City of, 74.
River, 8.

Bibliography, 430.

Birds of Guatemala, 374.

Black sheep, 137.

Blacksmiths at Zacapa, 210.

Blow-gun, 236.

Boas, 62.

Boat at Atitlan, _153_.
Amatitlan, _174_.

Boca-nueva Valley, 79.

Bonaca Island, 17.

Botlass-fly, 375.

Bourbourg, Brasseur de, 230.

Brand on slaves, 267.
mare, _102_.

Breadfruit, _170_, 365.

Breeds, mixed, 421.

Bridge, Los Esclavos, 191.
ropes, _107_.
vines, 79.

Bridling a mare, 155.

Bromelia Pinguin, 191.

Buenaventura, San, 9.

Bullfight, 185.

Bulls, gentle, 82.

Burial-ground, 119.
mound, 106. (_See_ Campo Santo.)

Burned kings, 268.

Butterflies, 53, 374.

Caballos, Puerto de, 16.

Cabildo of Coban, 93.

Cabracan, 236.

Cacao, 345, _346_.

Cáceres, Alonzo de, 16.

Cactus, 114.
lassoed, 210.

Cahabon River, 9, 75.

Cakchiquel Chronicle, 259, 277.

Cakchiquels, 262.

Calabash, 123, 193.

Calonyction speciosum, 349.

Calletano, Luciano, _24_.

Canajpú, 9.

Candles offered, 208.

Cane-brake, 74.

Cane heads, 162.

Cannibalism, 249.

Canoa, 66.

Cántaras, 117.

Campo Santo, Livingston, 27.
Quiché, 119.
Coban, 98.
Guatemala, 182.

Caratasca, Lago de, 9.

Carcaste, 126, 198.

Carib boys, 274.
prayer, 274.

Caribbee, 273.

Caribs, 271.

Carillo, 22.

Carmen, Church of, _179_.

Carrera, Rafael, 287, _288_.
tomb of, 178.

Cartago, 9, 22.
destroyed, 391.
Volcan de, 383.

Cartina, Lago de, 10.

Cassava, 32, 365.
grating, _32_.

Castillo de S. Felipe, _69_.

Castilloa elastica, _347_.

Cathedral, Santiago, 178.

Cayo Paloma, 42.

Cazuela, 82.

Cecropia-tree, 57.

Cedar, 337.

Ceiba-tree, 49.
Sacapulas, _118_.

Cenotes, 53, 385.

Censer, ancient, _251_.
modern, _207_.

Centipedes, 374.

Central America, bounds, 2.
mountains, 3.
lakes, 9.
rivers, 7.

Cerbatana, 236.

Cerna, defeated, 290.
president, 289.

Cerro Quemado, 141, 382.

Chamá, Sierra de, 6.

Chamiquin, 83.

Champa building, 56.

Champerico, 145.

Chicaman, 108, _110_.

Chicha, 68, 163.

Chichería, 163.

Chichicastenango, 127, 129.

Children desired, 250.

Chile, 366.

Chile relleno, 366.

Chimalmat, 236.

Chiote, 366.

Chiquimula, 208.

Chixoy bridge, 106, _107_.
River, 8.
Valley, 114.

Chocolate, _346_.
drink, 422.
planting, 255.

Chocon River, _44_.

Chontales, 18.

Chorti language, 278.

Church, Carmen, _179_.
Coban, _94_.
confiscation, 292.
Quezaltenango, _143_.
ruined, Antigua, _161_.
service, Coban, 99.

Circumcision, 247.

City of Belize, steamer, 74.

Ciudad Vieja, 160.
destroyed, 388.

Civil service, Quiché, 253.

Clavigero quoted, 229.

Cleanliness, want of, 422.

Climbing-palm, _332_.

Cloth pattern, _95_.

Coatepeque, Lago de, 401.

Coban, Campo Santo, 98.
church, _94_.
Plaza, _94_.
Indio, _99_.

Cobre, 359.

Cochineal, 337.

Cockscomb Range, 6.

Coconut, 358.
young, _360_.

Cocos, 365.

Coffee, 343.
crop, 344.
esencia de, 84.
Liberian, 344.

Cohune palm, 49, _330_.

Coir, 359.

Colegio de Libertad, 101.
Señoritas, 142.

Coloradía (Leptus sp.), 34.

Comajen, 51.

Comal, 71.

Comayagua plain, 6.

Comida, 30.

Composite, 87.

Conch soup, 376.

Conch, trumpet, 76.
various kinds, 376.

Confiscated church, 292.

Confra palm, 333.

Congrehoy Peak, 384.

Conquistadores, 282.

Constitution, 286.

Convolvulus, 81, 427.

Cookery, 314, 421.

Cooking-bench, 82.

Copan, 229.

Córdoba founded, 20.

Corn at Argueta, 151.
man made from, 235.

Corozal mines, 11.

Corozo palm, 329.

Coseguina, eruption, 399.

Cotuha, king, 231.

Court at Livingston, _318_.
trials, 318.

Coyote, 371.

Crab-catching, 240.

Creation of world, 233.
man, 235.

Criba, Laguna de, 10.

Cross-breeding, 421.

Cross on monoliths, 220.

Cruz, Serapio, 289.

Cuatro-reales, _147_.

Cuajinicuilapa, 191.

Cuartillo, _102_.

Cuchumatanes, 6.

Cuilapa, 191.

Culhuacan, 229.

Cunen, 111.

Currency of Guatemala, 305.

Cuscatlan, 261.

Danta, 370.

Deaf-mutes, school for, 300.

Dahlia, 112, 158.

Dávila, Padre, 202.

Death-rate, 65.

Debt, public, 302.

Departments, Costa Rica, 22.
Guatemala, 294.
Honduras, 15.
Nicaragua, 20.
San Salvador, 12.

Depilto mines, 19.

Deluge, Quiché, 234.

Dentistry, Quiché, 238.

Desmoncus, _332_.

Devisadero mines, 11.

Dogs, half-fed, 83.

Dolls at Antigua, 162.

Dragon Rock, _55_.

Dulce, Rio, 9, 41.

Dwellings, no ruins of, 420.

Earrings, 225.

Earthquake, Santa Cruz, 90.
terms, 390.

Earthquakes, 387.
theory of, 407.

Education, public, 296.

Elena, Santa, 208.

Encuentros, 130.
mine, 11.

Eruptions, volcanic, 386.

Esclavos, Rio de, 8, 191.

Escuintla, 164.
conquered, 269.
founded, 261.

Esencia de café, 84.

Espina blanca, 192.

Esquipulas, 201.
Santuario, _202_.

Ethnographic Chart, _271_.

Euphorbia, 84.

Exancul, 141.

Expenses of Guatemala, 303.

Exports of Guatemala, 312.

Ex-votos, 205.

Falls of Michatoya, 173.

Feather-work, 256.

Ferns, 335.

Ferro-carril del Norte, 62.

Feudal system, 231.

Fibre, agave, 355.
banana, 354.
ixtli, 355.
pita, 354.
plantain, 354.

Ficus elastica, 349.

Figueroa, Bishop, 203.

Fish, 373.
at Ilopango, 403.

Flores murdered, 142, 286.

Fonseca, Gulf of, 11.

Forced loan, 290.

Forest at Chocon, _324_.

Fort of San Felipe, _69_.
José, 177.

Frank on Mabel, _106_.

Frijoles, 365.

Frogs, 373.

Fruits, 368.

Fuego, Volcan de, 151, _392_.

Galero, Don J. M., 134.

Game, 369.

Garden, Sololà, 134.
Quezaltenango, 144.

Garrapatos, 376.

Gil, San, _59_.

Girdle-weaving, 252.

Goyavas, green, 78.
varieties, 368.

Granada, 20.

Granadillas, 93, 368.

Granados, President, 290.

Grasses, 369.

Grasshopper, 57.

Gualan, 212.

Guanaja, or Bonaca, 17.

Guatemala City, _178_.
Street, _176_.

Guatemaltecan names, 418.

Guavas, 368.

Guepiles, 189.

Guija, Lago de, 10.

Guinea grass, 369.

Gucumatz, 229.

Gumarcah, 232.

Heights of mountains, 424.

Henequen, 355.

Hevea braziliensis, 349.

Hikatee, 372.

Hippodrome, 187.

Hondo Valley, 207.

Honduras, 13.
Interoceanic Railway, 17.
name of, 419.

Horse astray, 199.

Hospitals, 316.

House, Carib, _30_.

Houses in Coban, 96.

Hueytlat, 230.

Humming-birds fighting, 217.
nest, 57.

Hunahpu, 235.

Hunapu volcanoes, _191_.

Huntoh, king, 258.

Huracan, 233.

Icaco plum, 367.

Ideographs, _251_.

Iguanas, _47_, 372.

Ilocab, 231.

Ilopango, Lago de, 402, _403_.
sacrifice at, 404.

Imports of Guatemala, 308.

Incense-burner, 207.

India-rubber, 346, _347_.

Indigo, 337.

Instituto Nacional, 183.

Intibucá, cool, 13.

Istak volcano, 381.

Istapa, 8, 168.

Ixils, 278.

Iximché, 259.

Ixtli fibre, 355.

Izabal, 224, _225_.
Lago de, 224.

Izalco formed, 395.

Izmachi founded, 231.

Iztayul, 231.

Jacinto, San, 207.

Jaguar (tigre), 371.

Jaguilla, 370.

Jefes politicos, 294.

Jesuits banished, 291.

Jicara, 123, 124.

Jocote fruit, 89, 367.

Jocote village, 108.

José, San, Costa Rica, 21.
Guatemala, 165.

Juan, San, Rio, 9.

Jutiapa, 193.

Kataure, 126.

Kingdom of Guatemala, 1.

Kings of Quiché, 253.

Kitchen, monks’, 104.

Labor Wage, 314.

Lacandones, 8.

Ladron at Quiché, 127.

Lago, Amatitlan, 174.
Atitlan, 152, _154_, _156_.
Guija, 10.

Lamp, native, 98.

La Paz, 192.

La Tinta, 81.

La Union, 11.

Las Quebradas relics, 224.

Lassoing cactus, 210.

Law of Guatemala, 295.

Legislature, Costa Rica, 22.
Guatemala, 292.
Salvador, 12.

Lemoa, 127.

Lemons, 358.

Lempa, Rio, 10.

Lempira rebels, 283.

Leon founded, 20.

Libertad, 11.

Libraries in Guatemala, 301.

Limas, 358.

Limes, 358.

Limestone corroded, 54, _55_.

Limon, Puerto, 22.

Lion bird, 46.

Listones, 95.

Livingston, 28.
death-rate, 65.
free port, 36.
landing, 26.
street, _28_.

Lobelias, 88.

Logwood, 337.

Loma-Larga mines, 11.

Los Amates, 214.

Machete, _65_.

Mafìa (devil), 275.

Mahogany, 335.

Mail-service, 307.

Maiz, 39, 363.

Mam, 230.

Mama-caixon, 263.

Man created, 234.

Man on fire, 159.

Manàca palm, 49.

Managua destroyed, 20.
Lago de, 10.
Treaty of, 21.

Manatee, 370.

Manihot, 365.

Mango, 367.

Mangroves, 323.

Manzanillas, 171, 367.

Mapachines, 370.

Maps, 256.

Mare sunstruck, 172.
to bridle a, 155.

Marimba, 122, _123_.

Markets in Guatemala, 188.

Masaya eruption, 385.

Mask in Museo Nacional, _200_.

Matagalpa mines, 19.

Matapalo-tree, 325, _326_.

Maya language, 275.

Measures and weights, 425.

Mecapal, 78.

Merendon, Sierra del, 6.

Mermaids in church, 112.

Metatle, 70, 363.

Michatoya Falls, 173.
Rio, 8.

Mico, El, crossing, 223.

Miguel, San, 84.
Volcan de, 396.

Mines, 11, 14, 19.

Miracle, Esquipulas, 206.

Mixed races, 421.

Molina, Don Luis, 95.

Money in Guatemala, 305, 424.

Monkeys, 73, 369.

Monoliths, _219_, _220_, _221_, _222_.

Monte Rico, 198.

Montezuma’s embassy, 262.

Months, Quiché, 256.

Moon-plant, 349.

Morazan, General, 286.

Mosquito Reservation, 18, 21.

Motagua, Rio, 9, 211.

Mozo hiring, 78.

Mozo on road, _198_.

Mozos de cargo, 78, 279.

Museo Nacional, 183.

Nachan, 229.

Nahoas, 229.

Naiads in a spring, 85.

Names of towns, 418.

Newspapers, 301.

Nicaragua, 18.
Lago de, 10.
Volcanoes, 383.

Nopal, 338.

Nutmegs, 362.

Ocós, Puerto de, 172.

Ocote, 76.

Offspring desired, 250.

Oil of cohune, 331.

Ometepec, 10, 387.

Omoa, 16.
Montaña de, 6.

Opals, 14.

Oranges, 357.
cheap, 109.
Teleman, 80.

Organs in church, 128.

Orchids, 333, 428.

Pablo, San, 211.

Pacaya palm, 331.
Volcan de, 216.

Paddle and machete, _65_.

Painting, Quiché, 250.

Palenque, 229.

Palin, 173.

Palms, 328.

Palo Cortez, 211.

Panajachel, 155.

Panela, 105, 342.

Pansos, 9, 76.

Papaya, 366.

Paper, 256.

Parties, political, 285.

Passion-flower, 44, _376_.

Patzicia, 158, 391.

Patzùn, 157.

Pawpaw, 366.

Peccaries, 370.

Pelican shot, 42.

Petaca making, _276_.

Peten, Laguna del, 9.

Petrifying brook, 104.

Pharomacrus mocino, _97_.

Photographs taken, 423.

Piedras Gordas, 198.

Pier, San José, 166.

Pimento palm, 331.

Pine (Pinus), 337.

Pine-apples, 191, 361.

Pine-needles, 110.

Pipiles, 271.

Pit-craters, 401.

Pita, 104, 357.

Pitpans, 8.

Plantains, 351, _352_.

Plants, indigenous, 425.

Plaza, Coban, _94_.
Sacapulas, _118_.

Plough, Indian, _340_.

Pocomam women, _275_.

Pokomans, 262.

Poconchi Indios, 82.

Poknoboy palm, 331.

Political parties, 285.

Polochic, Rio, 8, 72.

Polygamy, unlawful, 254.

Popul Vuh, 230.

Porpoises in Golfete, 67.

Postage-stamps, 307.

Potato-fields, 136.

Potatoes, sweet, 365.

Pottery, 117, _189_.

Poyas, 17.

Prado, Juan, 105.

Prayer, Quiché, old, 249.

Prayer, Quiché, Christian, 417.

President Barillas, _145_.
Barrios, _149_.
Carrera, _288_.
Cerna, 289.
Granados, 290.
how elected, 293.
visited, 150, 180.

Primavera, 105.

Prisons, 116.

Privies, absent, 154.

Procession, religious, 186.

Professional instruction, 299.

Pronunciation of names, 129.

Provisions, price of, 314.

Puerto Barrios, 60, 61.
Caballos, 16.
Cortez, 16.
Limon, 22.

Pulque, 355.

Puma, 371.

Pumice, 174.

Pumice razors, 153.

Punishments in Guatemala, 319.

Punta Arenas, 22.

Pupuluca, 271.

Qualm-tree, 57.

Quaternity, 149.

Quekchi Indio, 93, 277.

Quetzal, 97.

Quetzalcoatl, 229.

Quezaltenango, 141.
alcaldes, _146_.
church, 143.

Quezaltepeque, 206.

Quicab, king, 258.

Quiché, Santa Cruz del, 118.
language, 277.
names, 233.
prayer, 417.
ancient, 249.
sacred book, 230.
trousers, 119.

Quirigua, plan, _217_.
River, 216.

Railroad Map, _168_.
to San José, 165.

Razor of pumice, 153.

Religion free, 295.

Remedies, Indian, 317.

Retalhuleu, 145.

Revolution, 283.

Rey portentoso, 232.

Rice-crops, 39, 357.
pounding, _356_.

Rivas, 18.

Road-building, 106.

Roatan, 17.

Rock Island, 43.

Rocket-making, 160.

Roof-tile, _89_.

Roses, 87.

Rosewood, 337.

Rozales, Don Alonzo, 193.

Ruins, Antigua, _161_.
Quirigua, 217.
Utatlan, 120.

Sacapulas, 115.
Plaza, _118_.
Chixoy Valley, _114_.

Sacate buying, 157.

Sacatepequez, 262.

Sacaton, 192.

Saccharine, 64.

Sacrificatorio, _122_.

Sacrifice, human, 249.
at Ilopango, 404.
to Tohil, _246_.

Salcaja, 140.

Salmwood, 337.

Salvador, San, 11.
City destroyed, 392.

San Andres, 156.
Cristobal, 103.
Felipe, 67, _69_.
Gil, _59_.
José, 165.
Juan, 20.
Miguel, 11.
Tucurú, 84.
Volcan de, 396.

Santa Ana, 395.
Catarina, 196.
Cruz, Alta Verapaz, 90.
breakfast, 103.
Cruz (2), 109.
Cruz del Quiché, 260.
Maria wood, 337.
Volcan de, 141.

Santo Tomas, 36, 60.
Chichicastenango, 127.

Santuario, Esquipulas, 202.

Sapodilla, 337.

Sapote, 131.

Sapoton fruit, 44.

Saquinimac, 237.

Sarsaparilla, 350.

Sarstun, Rio, 8.

Sauce, 70.

Schools in Guatemala, 297.

Scorpions, 374.

Seat, stone, _280_.

Secondary instruction, 298.

Secretaries of State, 293.

Segovia, Rio, 9.

Semetabaj, 156.

Serpiente, _36_.

Shaving with pumice, 153.

Sheol, men in, 89.

Sinca language, 278.

Sipacua, 236, 240.

Sisal hemp, 355.

Slaves branded, 267.

Smilax, 350.

Snakes, 62, 67, 377.

Sololà, 131, _132_.

Sonsonate, 11.

Spanish stirrup, 184.

Spiders, 374.

Squashes, 365.

Stamped paper, 102.

Stevia, 112.

Stirrup, ancient, 184.

Stoll, Dr. A., 271.

Street, Guatemala City, _176_.
Livingston, _28_.

Subsidence, 158.

Suchitan, 195.

Sugar-cane, 340.
crop, 342.
mill, _341_.
yield, 39.

Sulphur spring, _63_.

Suyacal, 78.

Tactic, 88.

Taltusas, 370.

Tamahù, 87.

Taxes in Guatemala, 303.

Teachers’ Institutes, 297.

Tecpan Quauhtemalan, 160, 259.

Tecum, 260.

Tegucigalpa, 16.

Telegraphs, 306.

Teleman, 80.

Temple, ancient, _245_.

Tenedores, 63.

Terminos, Lago de, 8.

Tepepul, king, 259.

Teponaztles, 258.

Theatre, 181.

Theobroma cacao, _346_.

Tigres, 371.

Tilapa, Rio, 266.

Tile on roof, _89_.

Tipitapa, Rio, 10.

Tizate poison, 243.

Tobacco of Copan, 15.

Tohil’s altar, _122_.

Toldo, 66.

Toliman, San Lucas, 9.

Tomas, Santo, 60.
Chichicastenango, 127.

Tonalá, Battle of, 266.

Topiltzin Acxitl, 230.

Toranjas, 358.

Tortilla-making, _71_, 363.

Totonicapan, 137, _138_.

Trachyte, 406.

Trapiche, 196.

Trinity, Quiché, 230.

Trousers in Quiché, 119.

Trujillo, 16.

Tucurú, 84.

Tula, 229.

Tultecas, 229.

Tultec emigration, 260.

Tun, 258.

Turtle, 372.

Turtle nest, 216.

Tzutohiles, 277, 278.

Ulúa, Rio, 9.

Uspantán, 110, 277.

Usumacinta, Rio, 8, 116.

Utatlan, 120, 232.

Utila, 384.

Vado Hondo, 208.

Vampire-bats, 45.

Vanilla, 334.

Vara, 96.

Vejuco de agua, _54_.

Vejucos, 51.

Vine bridge, 79.

Vital statistics, 316.

Volcanic action, 406.
cones, 407.

Volcanoes of Central America, 380.

Votan, 229.

Vucubatz, king, 258.

Vucub-caquix, 235.

Warree, 370.

Warree cohune, 331.

Washout on road, _157_.

Water-vine, _54_.

Watson, S., collection, 327.

Weaving, 95, 139, 252, 255.

Wedding at Patzùn, 158.

Weights and Measures, 425.

Wheat, 364.

Wheat market, Sololà, 132.

Whistle, Las Quebradas, 227.

Wizard, 263.

Woman created, 235.

Woods, native names, 411.

Writing, Quiché, 250.

Xbalanque, 235.

Xelahu, 145, 267.

Xibalbay, 229.

Xicaques, 17.

Ximenes, 230.

Xmucane, 234.

Xpiyacoc, 233, 234.

Xuchil, rape of, 269.

Xutiapan, 194.

Yam, 365.

Yampuk, 262.

Yojoa, Lago de, 10.

Zacapa, 210.
puros, 211.

Zapotitlan, 266.

Zarco, Rio, 74.

Zarza, 350.

Ziricote, 337.

Zompopos, 413.

University Press: John Wilson & Son, Cambridge.

* * * * *

THREE YEARS OF ARCTIC SERVICE.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE LADY FRANKLIN BAY EXPEDITION OF 1881-84, AND THE ATTAINMENT OF THE FARTHEST NORTH.

The first full and authorized account of the most important and successful Arctic Exploration ever made.

MAGNIFICENTLY ILLUSTRATED WITH OVER 150 ENGRAVINGS, MAPS, AND CHARTS.

By Lieutenant A. W. GREELY, U.S.A., Commanding the Expedition.

This book contains Lieutenant Greely’s story of an expedition which reached the most northerly point ever attained; and of an experience that stands alone in Arctic annals. Apart from the narrative of extraordinary suffering and final rescue which appears here, the fact that no one else ever passed the same length of time so far within the Arctic circle gives to the account the value and interest of observations absolutely new. Lieutenant Greely’s training, attainments, and above all the long study of Arctic matters and the Polar question which first led him to seek this service, all qualified him to make and to record these observations, and his book will be found to give his experience with a simple directness that makes the story the more absorbing, and with no detention of the reader over useless comment.

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_WITH MAPS AND NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS._

=1 Vol., 8vo, New Edition, $2.00.=

Now that the story of the relief of Greely and his party is fully told, it turns out to be one of the most stirring and absorbing chapters in Arctic annals. The two disastrous attempts made in previous years, to the disappointment of the whole people, were enough to show that the rescue was not a matter of simply sailing up to Cape Sabine and back; there was some reason besides “luck” why two expeditions ended in disaster, and why the Navy finally accomplished what had been twice tried by others.

The simplicity and modesty of Captain Schley’s and Mr. Soley’s narrative do not hide from any reader what this reason really was.

DR. FIELD’S TRAVELS.

By Rev. HENRY M. FIELD, D.D.

=From the Lakes of Killarney= to the Golden Horn, $2.00
=From Egypt to Japan=, 2.00
=On the Desert=, 2.00
=Among the Holy Hills.= With a map, 1.50
=The Greek Islands=, and Turkey after the War. With
illustrations and maps, 1.50

The Set, Five Volumes, Crown 8vo, in a Box, $9.00.

I.—FROM THE LAKES OF KILLARNEY TO THE GOLDEN HORN.

_From THE LONDON TIMES._

“As we all know, it is not necessary for a man to discover a new country in order to write an interesting book of travel. He may traverse the most beaten track in Europe, and yet if he can describe what he has seen with freshness and originality, he will succeed in engaging our attention. We do not go far with Dr. Field before finding out that he is a traveller of this sort.”

II.—FROM EGYPT TO JAPAN.

_From Prof. ROSWELL D. HITCHCOCK, D.D., LL.D._

“In this second volume, Dr. Field, I think, has surpassed himself in the first, and this is saying a good deal. In both volumes the editorial instinct and habit are conspicuous. Dr. Prime has said that an editor should have six senses, the sixth being, a “sense of the _interesting_.” Dr. Field has this to perfection....”

III.—ON THE DESERT.

_WITH A BRIEF REVIEW OF RECENT EVENTS IN EGYPT._

An account of a journey in the track of the Israelites along the Red Sea, among the peaks of Sinai, through the Desert of the Wandering, and up to the Promised Land.

_From the NEW YORK HERALD._

“There is not an uninteresting chapter in the book. It is entertaining throughout. It depicts men and countries in a picturesque and thoughtful manner, and is likely to meet with as much favor as the author’s former capital books of travel.”

IV.—AMONG THE HOLY HILLS.

A description of the sacred localities of Palestine by a veteran traveller. The interest of the Holy Land above all others, is that here was spent the most wonderful life that ever was lived on the earth; and the purpose of the journey, to which this book is indebted, is to trace that life from its beginning among its native hills and to follow closely in the footsteps of our Lord, not merely in the streets of Jerusalem, but through Samaria and Galilee, along the lake shore and on the mountain side.

V.—THE GREEK ISLANDS AND TURKEY AFTER THE WAR.

_From a Letter from Dr. HOWARD CROSBY._

“It fully sustains the high reputation which the author has won from his preceding books of travel. I believe that the verdict of posterity will put Dr. Field’s name first in the list of American travel writers. His graceful style, his thorough mastery of language, his graphic picturing, his historical and political references to his sound conclusions, make most fascinating and instructive reading.”

“It is the best of all works on the Island of Greece, and on Turkey and Asia Minor.”—_Springfield Republican._

“If there were any best among Dr. Field’s works of travel, we should aver that it was this.”—_The Critic._

_SCRIBNER’S GUIDE-BOOKS._

THE INDEX GUIDE TO TRAVEL AND ART-STUDY IN EUROPE.

NEW EDITION. 1887. LEATHER BINDING.

By LAFAYETTE C. LOOMIS, A.M.

_=With Plans and Catalogues of the Chief Art Galleries, Maps, Tables of Routes, and 160 Illustrations.=_

One Volume, 16mo, 600 Pages, $3.50.

In condensing into one volume what Baedeker could hardly comprise in nine, and Murray in fifteen, Professor Loomis has accomplished a herculean labor, which his countrymen should not be slow to recognize. With characteristic good sense, he has given only brief reference to routes, hotels, and cost, devoting his space to history, mythology, and art. He has met the work with a discrimination and intelligence which can hardly be too highly praised.

“Only words of praise can be spoken of this work.”

“The best and completest.”

“By all odds the best Guide I have ever seen.”

“And something better than a guide-book.”

“Almost a triumph of genius in bookmaking.”