Chapter I: Preface

As the author of these Poems is only seventeen, some apology may be required for offering them to the public.

Many precedents may be quoted in favour of early publication; and the practice perhaps is not in itself blameable, except when the advice of good judges is unasked, or the work itself uncorrected and negligent. To neither of these charges is the author liable. These poems, as well as the design of publishing them, have been approved of by many sincere and judicious friends; and the work has been altered in many parts, in conformity to the advice of the same persons. The author has made no improper sacrifice to the Muse: he has deserted no duty, and neglected no necessary employment. Influenced by these motives, he appears before the bar of criticism, not indeed without diffidence, but unconscious of having deserved censure. If his verses are bad, he is content to sink into oblivion; and if the public confirms the favourable judgment of his friends, he does not deny that it will give him real satisfaction.--He is sensible, that if he delayed till time had matured his judgment, and reflection perfected his ideas, the "_scribendi cacoëthes_," perhaps an unfortunate inclination, would take a firm and unalterable possession of his mind. He is therefore determined to try the public opinion; that he may be enabled either to pursue his poetical studies under their encouragement, or to desist in time from an useless employment. This volume is not intended to challenge approbation, but to be the precursor of something which may challenge it in future: it is not an attempt to gain the prize, but a specimen of his powers, which may entitle him to the honour of standing candidate for that prize. The reader will here find the genuine effusions of a youthful fancy, free, yet not uncontrolled; a collection of pieces, exempt from negligence and inaccuracy, though not from the usual and inevitable faults of early compositions. To offer less than this would be arrogant, and to require more than this would be unreasonable.

"Gustavus Vasa" was originally planned (the reader will smile) at eleven years of age. When the author began to know what poetry was, his first design was to write an epic poem--no matter of what sort or character, so it was an epic poem. The subject was soon chosen; and the progress of the work was various: sometimes hurried on with all the ardour of hope and enterprize, sometimes relinquished for more lively pursuits, and left to sleep for months in the leaves of a portfolio. In this manner were six long cantos completed. At length the author, in his thirteenth year, perceived numerous faults and extravagances in his early composition. He destroyed the manuscript: and some time after recommenced his poem on a new and more rational plan. Accordingly, the first and part of the second book, were written in 1810, and the rest of the work which is published in this volume, principally in 1812. All that is yet completed of this production (except the sequel of the fourth book, and the whole fifth, which are yet uncorrected) is here presented to the public; and on its success the continuation of "Gustavus Vasa" depends.

It was designed to embrace the whole actions of the hero, from his first signalizing himself under Steen Sture, to his death in 1560; but as all this could not be regularly related without destroying the unity of the poem, it was thought most convenient to begin with his introduction among the Dalecarlians at Mora, and conclude with his first election to the royalty, in 1523; the rest being introduced by means of narration, anticipation, and episode.

It will be doubtless objected, that the enterprize is beyond his powers, and that he acted rashly in undertaking it. But this is no light scheme; no work, begun for want of other amusement, and deserted when a more specious or pleasing subject for poetry presented itself. He has considered it seriously; the subject appears full of poetical capabilities, and superior to many others which offered themselves; and if the opinion of the world coincides with his own in this point, he has resolved to make it the favourite employment of his maturer years, and to reduce it as far as possible to perfection. Part of his plan for continuing the poem, will be found in the Notes.

The smaller pieces are selected from a large number of original compositions; they are not chosen as his favourites, but as what he esteems most faultless. This appeared the safer method; since it is impossible that "the flimsy productions of a youth of seventeen," as Kirke White expresses it, should be free from considerable errors; and we are apt to think our most irregular flights, our most vigorous ones. On these pieces, however, he places little stress; his principal reliance is on "Gustavus Vasa." The Latin Poems have been honoured by the approbation of different Masters at Eton.

The Author may be accused of arrogance in saying too much of himself. But he felt strongly that early publication, and the design of writing a long epic poem, would naturally be censured by many well-meaning persons; he thought it his duty to state his motives; and was less solicitous to avoid the possible charge of self-conceit, than the certain one of folly and presumption.

Any resemblance to former writers, which may occur in the course of the work, are generally unintentional. Thus the lines--

"Touch'd the abyss, and, lest his eyes might view
The abandon'd shore, into its depths withdrew,"

were written before the author had seen Persius's description of a totally abandoned man:

--nescit quid perdat, et, alto
Demersus, summâ rursus non bullit in undâ.

_The Author has to express his sincere gratitude for a numerous and respectable list of Subscribers. It is far beyond his expectations; and it encourages his hope, that the reception of the present volume will authorize his continuing in the same pursuit._

A LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS TO THE _1st MARCH, 1813._

HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE REGENT. HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUKE OF CUMBERLAND. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS AUGUSTA. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS ELIZABETH. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS MARY. HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCESS SOPHIA.

Andrews, Rev. Charles, Hempton Abercrombie, Mrs., County Terrace Atkinson, Mr., Eton Ashton, Arthur, Esq., Wood Street Atkinson, Joseph, Esq., Tower Anstey, John, Esq. Appleby, Miss, Thirsk Ambrose, Mr., Eton Alderson, Edward H. Esq., Temple Aylmer, G.W. Esq., Wimpole Street Anonymous, Thirsk Angelo, Miss, Eton

Bedford, His Grace the Duke of Buccleugh, His Grace the Duke of Buccleugh, Her Grace the Duchess of Brecknock, Earl of Bernard, Viscountess Belfast, Lord, Eton Blizard, Sir Wm. _2 Copies_ Bailie, Lieut. Col. Alexander Burges, Rev. Mr., Eton Brickwood, John, Esq., Croydon Brewster, John, Esq. Baillie, Mrs., Lower Grosvenor Street Brown, G.P. Esq. Burlton, Miss, Ludlow Barton, Henry, Esq. Mount St. John Barnard, Mr., Eton Berdmore, Rev. Dr. _2 Copies_ Bridges, Rev. Dr. Bailey, Hon. Mr. Justice _2 Copies_ Best, Mr. Serjeant _2 Copies_ Best, Mrs. Best, J.W. Esq. Bolland, William, Esq. Beard, Henry, Esq. Bayley, Dr., Physician to His Majesty _2 Copies_ Bayley, Dr., M.D., Northallerton Balme, Rev. E., Russell Place _2 Copies_ Bell, John, Esq., Thirsk Bradfield, John, Esq. Burges, Esq., Wimpole Brougham, Henry, Esq. Brooks, Geo., Esq., Twickenham _4 Copies_ Brooks, John, Esq., Twickenham Briscoe, John, Esq., Twickenham Burges, ----, Esq., Wimpole Billam, F.T. Esq., Leeds _2 Copies_ Butterwick, Matthew, Esq., Thirsk Bissett, Captain, R.N. Bradney, Joseph, Esq., Ham Buxton, Fowell, Esq. Blakelock, Henry, Esq. Bowser, Mrs., Datchet Byam, Mr., Rev. Burt, Mrs., Isleworth Burton, Miss, Cambridge _2 Copies_ Burges, George, Esq., Eton Beverley, ----, Esq., Eton Bold, ----, Esq., Eton Brandling, ----, Esq., Eton Burchell, ----, Esq., Eton Brown, W., Esq., Sutton, Yorkshire Baillie, George, Esq. Barwiss, John, Esq. Bowen, Miss Burton, J. Esq. Boyd, W. Esq. Bowen, T.B. Esq. Barrow, Thomas, Esq. Broderirk, William, Mr., Eton Broderick, Mr., Eton Brown, Mr., Eton Bligh, Mr., Eton Ballard, William, Esq. Berthomier, Mr., Eton Barnard, Mr., Eton Buckwood, Mr. Burmester, Mr., Eton Brown, Nicholas, Esq., Liverpool _4 Copies_ Brown, Mrs., Liverpool Brown, Miss, Liverpool Boyes, Miss Matilda, Old Manor House

Camden, Right Hon. the Marquis of _2 Copies_ Calthorpe, Right Hon. Lady _2 Copies_ Crawford, Earl Curzon, Right Hon. Viscount _2 Copies_ Curzon, Hon. Marianne _2 Copies_ Curzon, Hon. R.W. Penn _4 Copies_ Clifton, Lord Courtown, Lord _2 Copies_ Cambridge, Mr. Archdeacon Carlisle, Dean of _2 Copies_ Chambre, Honourable Mr. Justice Canning, Right Hon. George Carwardine, Rev. Thomas, Colne Priory Cuyler, General, St. John Lodge Cathcart, Captain, R.N. Cooke, Dr., Gower Street Cockburn, Thos., Esq., Hampstead Grove Cartwright, Richard, Esq. Caley, C. Esq., Thirsk Coope, Joseph, Esq., Laytonstone Coope, Miss S., Laytonstone Coope, John, Esq., Leyspring Coope, Mr. J., Leyspring Coates, C., Esq., Rippon _3 Copies_ Coates, Mrs., Rippon Cooper, Mr., Eton Crawford, General Creswell, Rev. F.B.D., Waldingfield Carter, Rev. Mr., Eton _2 Copies_ Croker, W. Wilson, Esq. Collier, Thomas, Esq., Temple Colmore, Miss, Teddington Clarke, John, Esq., Brentford Cotton, Charles, Esq., Devonshire Place Champneys, Rev. Mr., Eton Clayton, E.G. Esq., Eton Corneivall, Mr., Eton Currie, Mr., Eton Coxe, Mr., Eton Chambre, Mr., Eton Clarck, Mr., Eton Crawford, Mr., Eton Crosby, Mr., Eton Croft, M.J., Eton Croft, M.J., Esq., Eton Cowell, J. Esq., Eton Cook, C. Esq., the Forest Cooke, Miss, Hackney Cass, Miss, Old Manor House Croasdaile, Richard, Esq. Croasdale, B. Esq., Admiralty Cross, R. Esq., Oxford Street Caley, T., Esq., Seymour Place Crompton, S. Esq., Wood End Collins, Thomas, Esq., Berners Street Consett, Warcop, Esq., Brawith Consett, Peter, Esq., Brawith Chapman, Mr., Eton Coutts, Mr., Eton Coates, Mrs., Baker Street Cunyngham, W.A. Esq., Temple Campbell, J. Esq. Carter, Mr., Eton _2 Copies_ Cass, Mr., Gerrard Street Cooper, Mr., Gerrard Street Charlton, Mr., Durant's Wharf Clarke, Samuel, Esq. Cartwright, Richard, Esq. Cogan, Mr., Fleet Street

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Gustavus Vasa.

ARGUMENT.

_State of Sweden at the commencement of the Poem--A Council--Trollio--Bernheim--Ernestus--Christiern proposes the reduction of Dalecarlia--Ernestus opposes him, is committed to prison--Christiern takes his measures to oppose a rebellion just arisen in Denmark._

Gustavus Vasa,

A POEM.