Chapter IV: Insects

BY W. G. BLATCH.

The neighbourhood of Birmingham, and in fact the Midland district generally, has never been considered particularly rich in either the number or variety of its insect productions, and it is a fact that a collection of Midland species, of whatever order, shows very wide gaps, both in genera and species, when compared with one formed in the east or south of England. Nevertheless, the Midland Counties are not entirely barren in this respect, and a catalogue of the insects known to occur within a radius of twenty miles of Birmingham would be a very respectable one. During the last few years a large number of very interesting species have been discovered, and there can be no doubt that with more workers and greater enthusiasm considerable additions would continue to be made. By extending the radius somewhat our list would embrace a good array of species which seem to be peculiar to the Midlands, such as _Bembidium adustum_, _Eutheia clavata_, _Euplectus nubigena_, _Teredus nitidus_, _Macronychus quadrituberculatus_, _Hylecœtus dermestoides_, _Tropideres sepicola_, _Bagöus diglyptus_, _Notodonta bicolor_, &c., &c. At any rate these insects have not hitherto been detected in any other British localities. It is much to be regretted that local entomology suffers greatly from two untoward circumstances, viz., the lack of students and the want of a carefully compiled list of species of the several orders. The publication of a catalogue of local insects as far as our present knowledge extends, would undoubtedly tend to stimulate the intelligent pursuit of this study, and it seems surprising that such an important work has not long ago been undertaken by the Natural History Societies of the district.

Having regard to the limited space allowed for this paper its object will, perhaps, best be secured by giving as full a list as possible, of the rarer and more interesting species belonging to the two most popular orders, viz., the Coleoptera and the Lepidoptera, together with some of the localities in which they occur. With few exceptions the references will be to insects which inhabit the twenty miles radius, a wider range being taken only in specially interesting cases, but even then it will be impossible to give anything like an adequate idea of the beetles, butterflies, and moths of the district.

To prevent the possibility of error it should be stated that the nomenclature adopted is (for the beetles) that of the “Catalogue of British Coleoptera, by Matthews and Fowler, 1883,” and (for the butterflies and moths) “Synonymic List of British Lepidoptera, by Richard South, 1884.”

COLEOPTERA.

This order is well represented; certain localities in the district are favourable to their existence and economy, and many rarities occur. Only one Cicindela (_Cicindela campestris_) inhabits our district and that is generally distributed and plentiful, especially in sandy places. The curious and elegant _Cychrus rostratus_ is often found under stones and loose bark at Dudley and Bewdley, and the handsome _Carabus nitens_ and its congener _C. arvensis_, may be taken on Cannock Chase, both species being now very scarce. _Elaphrus riparius_ and _E. cupreus_ occur not uncommonly in wet and boggy places. _Notiophilus substriatus_ (generally a sea-side species) may be found occasionally on Cannock Chase, and so also may the curious _Nebria livida_. This latter beetle was first discovered on the Chase by Mr. J. T. Harris, and the writer has verified its occurrence there many times. It is a remarkable fact that this is the only known instance of this species inhabiting an inland locality--its head quarters being at Bridlington Quay and two or three other parts of the north-east coast--it lives in the argillaceous cliffs, and on Cannock Chase it is met with in a similar formation.

Of the curious genus Dyschirius two species only appear to have settled in our neighbourhood, viz., _D. æneus_ and _D. globosus_, both occur at Bewdley and on Cannock Chase--the latter also at Coleshill and Sutton Park.

The genus Bembidium is well represented, 33 of the 50 British species and varieties being taken in the Birmingham district. A few may be named: _B. rufescens_, under bark and in damp places; _B. quinquestriatum_, on walls at Smallheath and Olton; _B. Mannerheimii_, Knowle, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _B. articulatum_, Knowle, Bewdley; _B. nigricorne_, Cannock Chase; _B. monticola_, Bewdley; _B. Stephensi_, Sutton Park; _B. prasinum_, Bewdley. In this connection the writer may perhaps be allowed to refer to the finding by himself of _B. adustum_ in large numbers at Tewkesbury. This species was previously represented only by a very few old specimens, and had not been found for more than 40 years, until he had the pleasure of re-establishing it.

_Patrobus assimilis_ is found sparingly on Cannock Chase; _Trechus discus_, _T. micros_ and _T. secalis_, are plentiful in the river banks at Bewdley; _T. micros_ occasionally turns up at Smallheath amongst bones placed in the garden as a trap for Homalotæ; _T. obtusus_ has occurred at Bewdley and Cannock Chase, and in the latter locality the writer once found a few examples of the rare _T. rubens_.

The important genus Pterostichus has many representatives: _P. versicolor_, at Solihull, Sutton Park, and Cannock Chase; _P. lepidus_, Cannock Chase; _P. picimanus_ and _P. anthracinus_, Bewdley; _P. minor_, Coleshill and Cannock Chase; _Platyderus ruficollis_ seems to be generally distributed, but scarce. _Amara fulva_ may frequently be taken under stones in sandy places at Sutton Park, Cannock Chase, and Bewdley; _A. consularis_ at Sutton Park and Hopwas Wood; _A. spinipes_, at Dudley and Bewdley; _A. patricia_, Cannock Chase; _A. acuminata_, Sutton Park; _A. lunicollis_, Small Heath, Sutton, Cannock Chase, and Bewdley; _A. continua_, _A. communis_, and _A. ovata_, at Knowle, Coleshill, and Bewdley.

_Badister sodalis_ is to be had at Dudley and Bewdley. All the species of Calathus occur, and _Taphria nivalis_, a closely allied beetle, turns up now and again, singly, at Small Heath, Knowle, Bewdley, and Trench Woods. The Anchomeni are fairly well represented, and it seems very likely that additional species may yet be added to our local list. The following may be selected as most worthy of notice: _Anchomenus oblongus_, Bewdley; _A. atratus_, Coleshill, Cannock Chase, and Bewdley. A single _Lebia chlorocephala_ was captured in hedge rubbish near Acock’s Green. _Dromius quadrisignatus_ is a Sutton Park species, being found rarely under bark of Oak trees. _Blechrus maurus_, which seems decidedly out of its reckoning in a Midland locality, has been taken at Bewdley and Leamington. All the species of Metabletus occur, and are pretty generally distributed. _Cymindis vaporariorum_ inhabits Cannock Chase, where it may be found lurking under the heather and loose stones, but is not abundant. In the same locality the curious _Miscodera arctica_ may, in some seasons, be met with in plenty. Two species of Chlænius occur, viz.: _C. vestitus_ at Bewdley, and _C. nigricornis_ at Cannock Chase. Of the extensive genus Harpalus, the following species may be cited, it being understood that several of the commoner forms exist here in great abundance. _H. puncticollis_, Dudley and Bewdley; _H. griseus_, Cannock Chase; _H. tardus_, Sutton Park and Bewdley. The pretty little _Acupalpus exiguus_ and v. _luridus_ may be obtained by searching the Sphagnum on the margin of Coleshill Pool. All the Bradycelli, except _B. placidus_ and _B. collaris_, are plentiful in the district, and in certain spots, such as Cannock Chase, they are extremely abundant. _Anisodactylus binotatus_ occurs on Cannock Chase, but is not often to be found.

The water beetles are pretty numerously represented in the district generally, the best localities for them being Coleshill, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase, and Bewdley. It must suffice to mention a few of the rarer or more striking kinds, _e.g._, _Brychius elevatus_, at Yardley and Knowle; _Haliplus cinereus_, at Knowle; _Hydroporus septentrionalis_, Bewdley; _H. marginatus_, Knowle; _H. picipes_, Cannock Chase; _H. lepidus_, Knowle, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _H. duodecimpustulatus_, Bewdley; _H. assimilis_, Sutton Park, Knowle, Cannock Chase; _H. dorsalis_, Yardley, Knowle; _H. marginatus_, Knowle; _H. nigrita_, Knowle, Bewdley; _H. monticola_, Cannock Chase; _H. neglectus_, Cannock Chase; _H. umbrosus_, Knowle; _H. augustatus_, Knowle; _Ilybius ater_, Knowle, Cannock Chase; _I. guttiger_, Coleshill; _Agabus Solieri_, Knowle; _A. affinis_, Sutton Park; _Gyrinus caspius_, Hopwas; _Hydrobius picicrus_, Knowle; _Laccobius sinuatus_, Knowle; _L. alutaceus_, Knowle; _L. minutus_, Cannock Chase; _L. bipunctatus_, Cannock Chase; _Limnebius nitidus_, Knowle, Bewdley; _L. picinus_, Knowle; _Chætarthria seminulum_, Cannock Chase; _Helophorus æqualis_, Bewdley; _H. Mulsanti_, Bewdley; _Hydrochus augustatus_, Knowle; _Hydræna palustris_, Bewdley; _H. nigrita_, Knowle, Bewdley; _H. atricapilla_, Knowle; the rare _Leptinus testaceus_ has been taken at Needwood in the nests of wild bees. _Agathidium nigripenne_ Sutton Park; _A. lævigatum_, Knowle, Dudley; _A. atrum_, Yardley, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase; _A. seminulum_, Coleshill, Knowle, Cannock Chase; _A. varians_, Knowle; _A. rotundatum_, Cannock Chase; _A. convexum_, Hopwas Wood; _Amphicyllis globus_, Bewdley; _Leoides orbicularis_, Cannock Chase; _Anisotoma picea_, Cannock Chase; _A. litura_, Knowle.

Several of the Burying Beetles--Necrophorus and Silpha--occur generally in the district, as also do many of the Cholevæ. Colons are conspicuous by their absence--only two species having put in an appearance, viz: _Colon dentipes_, Knowle; and _C. brunneum_, Knowle. The interesting groups of Scydmænidæ and Pselaphidæ are remarkably well represented, but room can be found for only a few of the rarer species: _e.g._, _Scydmænus exilis_, Sutton Park, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase, Bewdley; _S. angulatus_, Cannock Chase; _S. hirticollis_, Sutton Park; _Eutheia plicata_, Budden Wood, _E. Schaumii_, Smallheath, Knowle; _E. Scydmænoides_, Knowle (abundantly); _E. clavata_, new to Britain, discovered by the writer in Sherwood Forest; _Bryaxis impressa_, Coleshill; _Euplectus punctatus_, Knowle, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _E. nigricans_, throughout the district; _E. nanus_, Edgbaston, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _E. bicolor_, Sutton Park, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase, Bewdley; _E. nubigena_, a very distinct species, new to Britain, discovered by the writer in Sherwood Forest in 1885.

The Brachelytra have not had much attention paid to them in the Midlands, the group being a very large one, and the species mostly difficult to determine. These insects are plentiful in the district and many rare forms occur. A few only, comparatively, can be here specified:--_Ischnoglossa corticina_, Olton, Sutton Park, Old Hill; _Thiasophila angulata_, Hopwas Wood, Bewdley (Ants’ Nests); _Dinarda Markelii_, Bewdley (in Ants’ Nests); _Atemeles emarginatus_, Bewdley (in Ants’ Nests); _Ilyobates nigricollis_, _Callicerus obscurus_, _C. rigidicornis_, Knowle; _Tachyusa scitula_, Bewdley; _Ocyusa maura_, Coleshill; _O. picina_, Sutton Park, Bewdley; _Oxypoda exoleta_, Smallheath, _O. recondita_, Budden Wood (Ants’ Nests, _Formica rufa_); _O. sericea_, new to Britain, Smallheath, Edgbaston, Knowle.

In the genus Homalota there are 160 British species, of which the writer has, up to the present, found 93 in the Birmingham district. The following may be noted: _H. currax_ and _H. insecta_, Bewdley; _H. pavens_, Smallheath; _H. eximia_, Bewdley (previously only found on banks of Scotch rivers); _H. luteipes_, Bewdley; _H. sylvicola_, Coleshill, Cannock Chase, Bewdley; _H. monticola_, Smallheath; _H. curtipennis_, Sutton Park; _H. autumnalis_, Knowle, Old Hill, Bewdley, Middleton, near Tamworth; _Gymnusa brevicollis_ and _G. variegata_ occur on Cannock Chase, the latter also at Sutton Park; _Megacronus inclinans_ may be found at Bewdley, and _M. cingulatus_ at Sutton Park and Cannock Chase; _Staphylinus latebricola_ (in Ants’ Nests), at Sutton Park and Bewdley; _Philonthus fulvipes_, Sutton Park; _Ancyrophorus homalinus_, Bewdley; _Trogophlœus halophilus_, Hopwas Wood(!); _Deleaster dichrous_ and var. _adustus_, Bewdley; _Geodromicus nigrita_, Bewdley; _Deliphrum tectum_, Knowle; _Acidota crenata_, Coleshill; _A. cruentata_, Sutton Park; _Coryphium augusticolle_, Sutton Park, Knowle, Hopwas; _Homalium Allardi_, Smallheath; _H. punctipenne_, Edgbaston, Sutton Park, Knowle, Bewdley; _H. deplanatum_, Knowle, Cannock Chase; _H. brevicorne_, Knowle; _H. gracilicorne_, Sutton Park, Hopwas Wood; _H. salicis_, Sherwood Forest; _Phlœocharis subtilissima_ and _Prognatha quadricornis_, Sutton Park, Needwood.

Many of the Trichopterygidæ are found in profusion, including a good number of rare species. _Ptinella testacea_, _P. denticollis_, _P. aptera_, and _P. angustula_, are all plentiful in various parts of the district, from Smallheath and Knowle to Cannock Chase and Bewdley Forest. _Pteryx suturalis_ is also generally distributed and fairly abundant. Several good species of Trichopteryx occur in hot-beds at Knowle and Edgbaston, and also on the river banks at Bewdley. _Millidium trisulcatum_ sometimes swarms in one spot at Knowle. _Ptenidium Gressneri_, a new British species, may be mentioned as having been captured in 1885 at Sherwood Forest. _Triplax russica_ abounds on Cannock Chase, and _T. ænea_ may be taken sparingly at Needwood. The very rare _Teredus nitidus_, after being lost sight of for nearly 50 years, was again found in Sherwood Forest by the writer in 1884 and 1885. _Myrmetes piceus_, Hopwas Wood, Bewdley; _Gnathoncus rotundatus_, Cannock Chase; var. _punctulatus_, Knowle; _Abræus granulum_, Salford Priors; _Plegaderus dissectus_, Cannock Chase, Salford Priors; _Epuræa augustula_, Sutton Park; _Cryptarcha strigata_ and _C. imperialis_, Knowle; Rhizophagus: nine of the species occur in the neighbourhood of Birmingham, and the tenth, _R. cœruleipennis_ has been taken at Matlock; _Thymalus limbatus_, Cannock Chase; _Psammæchus bipunctatus_, Coleshill, Sutton Park; _Antherophagus nigricornis_, Bewdley; _A. silaceus_, Marston Green, Bewdley; _A. pallens_, Solihull, Bewdley; _Myrmecoxenus, vaporariorum_, Edgbaston, Knowle; _Scaphidium quadrimaculatum_ may be taken at Cannock Chase and Bewdley; _Diphyllus lunatus_, in the same localities and also near Knowle; _Byrrhus fasciatus_ and _B. dorsalis_, at Cannock Chase; _Georyssus pygmæus_, Bewdley. The remarkable beetle, _Macronychus quadrituberculatus_, should be included in this list, its only British habitat being the river Dove, near Burton-on-Trent.

Coming now to the Lamellicornia, the following species may be noted: _Lucanus cervus_, Bewdley; _Dorcus parallelopipedus_, Bewdley, Cannock Chase, Salford Priors; _Aphodius tesselatus_ and _A. porcus_, Sutton Park; _Ammœcius brevis_, Bewdley (banks of Severn); _Trox sabulosus_ and _T. scaber_, Bewdley and Cannock Chase; _Hoplia philanthus_, Bewdley, Knowle, &c. Of the Serricornia, a few examples may be given: _e.g._, _Agrilus augustatus_ and _A. laticornis_, Bewdley; the brilliant _Trachys troglodytes_, quite a Southern species, which the writer has on several occasions captured in an old pasture at Knowle; _Elater coccinatus_, Sherwood; _E. pomorum_, Cannock Chase; _E. balteatus_, Coleshill, Sutton Park, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _Athöus rhombeus_, Sherwood; _Corymbites pectinicornis_, _C. cupreus_, and var. _æruginosus_, _C. æneus_, Knowle, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _Sericosomus brunneus_ and v. _fugax_, Cannock Chase; _Hydrocyphon deflexicollis_, Bewdley; _Scirtes hemisphæricus_, Cannock Chase; _Lampyris noctiluca_ is spread over the whole district, but is most abundant in Bewdley Forest; _Malachius æneus_ is found at Knowle, and _Haplocnemus impressus_ at Sutton Park; _Clerus formicarius_ occurs at Salford Priors; _Hylecœtus dermestoides_ and _Sphindus dubius_ at Cannock Chase and Sherwood Forest; _Niptus crenatus_ and _Hedobia imperialis_ occur at Knowle.

Of the Longicornia, it must suffice to mention the following:--_Prionus coriarius_, Aston and Cannock Chase; _Callidium alni_, Knowle; _Clytus mysticus_, Bewdley; _Pachyta collaris_ and _P. octomaculata_, Bewdley; _Strangalia quadrifasciata_, Bewdley and Cannock Chase; _S. nigra_, Bewdley.

Many of the Donaciæ are plentiful, perhaps the most interesting local species being _D. affinis_, which is found at Knowle.

_Clythra tridentata_ and _C. quadripunctata_ inhabit Bewdley Forest, but _C. tridentata_ is very rarely met with. _Cryptocephalus coryli_, _C. punctiger_, and _C. fulcratus_ may be beaten out of birches on Cannock Chase, and at Chartley the Scotch species, _C. decempunctatus_, has been taken.

_Salpingus ater_ is at Knowle, and _S. castaneus_ at Coleshill and Cannock Chase. The curious _Notoxus monoceros_ is abundant at Kidderminster and Bewdley.

Among the Rhynchophora the following may be noted: _Platyrhinus latirostris_ and _Anthribus albinus_, Salford Priors; _Tropideres sepicola_, Budden Wood (unique); _Choragus Sheppardi_, Salford Priors; _Apion Hookeri_, Knowle and Trench Woods; _A. filirostre_, Trench Woods; _Cænopsis fissirostris_ and _C. Waltoni_, Cannock Chase, also on Hartlebury Common; _Cleonus sulcirostris_, Erdington; _Cœliodes geranii_ and _C. exiguus_, Bewdley; _Amalus scortillum_, Bewdley, Salford Priors; _Magdalinus barbicornis_, Bewdley; _Rhyncolus gracilis_, Sherwood Forest is noteworthy; _Phiœophthorus rhododactylus_, Bewdley; _Scolytus destructor_, Yardley; _S. intricatus_ and _S. rugulosus_, Bewdley; _Xylocleptes bispinus_, Sutton Park and Malvern.

LEPIDOPTERA.

This order has received the lion’s share of attention from local collectors, with the result that a very fair proportion of the British Micro-Lepidoptera has been discovered in the district. The Micro-Lepidoptera have, however, not been looked up with any enthusiasm, and consequently our knowledge of the extent to which these interesting little moths occur about us is extremely limited.

The Rhopalocera include all the common species, and also a few which are always considered desirable by every collector. At Bewdley, _Aporia cratægi_ used to be found, and doubtless could yet be obtained if carefully sought for. _Leucophasia sinapis_ flies more or less abundantly at Bewdley Forest and Trench Woods; it has also been occasionally taken in woods near Knowle. _Colias edusa_ always an erratic species, sometimes visits the Midlands, and has been captured at Yardley, Coleshill, Knowle, and other places. _C. hyale_ also turned up once or twice in the district. _Gonopteryx rhamni_ is generally distributed and plentiful. _Argynnis selene_, _A. euphrosyne_, _A. aglaia_, _A. adippe_, and _A. paphia_ occur near Knowle, and at Bewdley they are all found in great abundance; the variety _valesina_ has likewise been captured in the Forest. _Melitæa aurinia_ is not rare in certain spots near Knowle and Bewdley. _Vanessa C. album_ may occasionally be seen flying in the streets of Birmingham, especially in the region of Sparkbrook and Moseley. _V. polychloros_ flies at Knowle. _V. antiopa_ has several times been captured at Bewdley; and _V. io_, _V. atalanta_, and _V. cardui_ are met with throughout the district.

The occurrence of _Limenitis sibylla_ has not been heard of nearer than Church Stretton, but _Apatura iris_ has been taken in woods not far from Coventry and Leamington. _Melanargia galatea_ is a common butterfly at Salford Priors and Trench Woods. _Epinephele hyperanthes_ is abundant at Bewdley. The southern limit of _Cænonympha typhon_ appears to be Chartley Moss, where the butterfly (both light and dark forms) is anything but rare. _Thecla betulæ_, _T. W. album_, _T. pruni_, and _T. quercus_ fly at Trench Woods; _T. quercus_ also near Knowle, at Bewdley, &c.; and _T. rubi_ is extremely plentiful at Sutton Park and Cannock Chase. _Lycæna argiolus_ is found in several localities near Birmingham, but abounds in the Holly Woods at Sutton Park. _L. semiargus_ used to be taken many years since, close to Birmingham, but seems to have become quite extinct.

In the division Heterocera the following list of selected species with localities must suffice to represent the moths of the district:--_Acherontia atropos_, Knowle, Dudley, Bewdley; _Sphinx convolvuli_, Birmingham (frequent); _S. ligustri_, Knowle, Sutton, Bewdley; _Deilephila galii_ and _D. livornica_, Birmingham (occasional); _Chærocampa celerio_, Birmingham (1868); _C. nerii_, Birmingham (1869); _C. porcellus_, Sutton Park; _C. elpenor_, Solihull, Hockley Heath; _Smerinthus ocellatus_, _S. populi_ and _S. tiliæ_ are found throughout the district. _Macroglossa stellatarum_ affects all our localities; _M. fuciformis_ and _M. bombyliformis_ may be found near Knowle.

_Ino statices_ at Olton, Marston Green, Knowle; _Zygœna filipendulæ_ var. _chrysanthemi_, Bewdley Forest; _Lithosia mesomella_, Knowle, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _Euchelia jacobææ_ used to be found at Saltley; _Nemeophila russula_ and _N. plantaginis_, Sutton Park, Chartley Moss; _Spilosoma fuliginosa_, Knowle; _S. mendica_, Smallheath; _Cossus ligniperda_, throughout the district; _Zeuzera pyrina_, Knowle; _Heterogenea limacodes_, Trench Woods; _Leucoma salicis_, Knowle; _Psilura monacha_, Sutton Park; _Orgyia gnostigma_, Bewdley, Coventry, Cannock Chase; _Saturnia pavonia_, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase; _Drepana sicula_, Trench Woods (one larva 1885); _D. binaria_, near Knowle; _Dicranura furcula_ and _D. bifida_, near Knowle; _Pterostoma palpina_, Knowle; _Notodonta bicolor_, Burntwood, Staffordshire; _N. dictæa_, _N. dictæoides_, _N. dromedarius_, _N. zizac_, _N. trimacula_, Knowle, Bewdley; _Thyatira derasa_ and _T. batis_, Knowle, Sutton Park; _Asphalia flavicornis_, Knowle, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase; _A. ridens_, Hopwas Wood; _Acronycta tridens_, Knowle (larvæ on Elm Trees); _A. leporina_, Knowle; _A. aceris_, Smallheath; _A. alni_, Smallheath, Edgbaston, Sutton Park; _Nonagria arundinis_, Knowle, &c.; _Gortyna ochracea_, Knowle, Bewdley; _Agrotis suffusa_, Knowle; _A. ripæ_, Bewdley; _Triphæna ianthina_, _T. fimbria_, _T. interjecta_, Yardley, Knowle, Bewdley, Trench Woods; _Amphipyra pyramidea_, Knowle; _Panolus piniperda_, Sutton Park; _Tæniocampa gracilis_, Yardley, Knowle; _Anchocelis lunosa_, Kidderminster; _Xanthia citrago_, _X. fulvago_, _X. circellaris_, Knowle; _Eremobia ochroleuca_, Acock’s Green, Yardley; _Dianthæcia cucubali_, Sparkbrook, Knowle; _Hecatera serena_, Bewdley Road, Kidderminster; _Polia chi_, throughout the district; _Aplecta tincta_, Knowle, Bewdley; _Hadena glauca_, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase; _Xylocampa areola_, Knowle; _Calocampa vetusta_, _C. exoleta_, Knowle, Sutton Park; _Xylina ornithopus_, Knowle; _Cucullia verbasci_, Knowle, Bewdley; _C. chamomillæ_ and _C. umbratica_, Coleshill, Knowle, Dudley; _Habrostola tripartita_ and _H. triplasia_, Knowle; _Plusia interrogationis_, Cannock Chase; _Anarta myrtilli_, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase, Bewdley Forest; _Heliaca tenebrata_, Sparkbrook, Knowle, Bewdley; _Chariclea umbra_, Coleshill; _Erastria fasciana_, Trench Woods; _Phytometra viridaria_, Knowle, Coleshill, Sutton, Cannock Chase, &c.; _Euclidia mi_ and _E. glyphica_, Knowle, Bewdley, Trench Woods; _Catocala nupta_, Knowle, Bewdley, Bromsgrove; _Brephos parthenias_, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _Epione apiciaria_, Knowle; _Venilia macularia_, _Angerona prunaria_ and _Eurymene dolobraria_, Bewdley Forest; _Pericallia syringaria_, Smallheath, Hall Green, Knowle, Bewdley; _Selenia lunaria_, near Birmingham, _Nyssia hispidaria_, Sutton Park; _Biston hirtaria_, Cannock Chase; _Amphidasys strataria_, Knowle, Sutton Park; _Hemerophila abruptaria_, Edgbaston, Knowle; _Boarmia roboraria_, Bewdley, Cannock Chase; _B. consortaria_, Knowle, Bewdley, Trench Woods; _Tephrosia punctularia_, Cannock Chase, Trench Woods; _Gnophos obscuraria_, Bewdley; _Pseudoterpna pruniate_, Knowle; _Geometra papilionaria_, Knowle, Bewdley; _Phorodesma pustulata_, Solihull; _Zonosoma porata_, _Z. pendularia_; Erdington, Knowle, Bewdley, Trench Woods; _Asthena luteata_, _A. candidata_, _A. sylvata_, Knowle; _A. blomeri_, Hoar Cross; _Acidalia fumata_, Chartley; _A. inornata_, Chartley, Cannock Chase; _Timandra amataria_, Knowle; _Bapta temerata_, Trench Woods; _Macaria liturata_, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase; _Bupalis piniaria_, Knowle, Sutton Park, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase; _Minoa murinata_, Bewdley Forest; _Aspilates strigillaria_, Bewdley, Cannock Chase, Chartley; _Abraxas sylvata_, Hopwas Wood; _Eupithecia venosata_, Sutton Park, Cannock Chase; _Lobophora halterata_, Trench Woods; _L. viretata_, Sutton Park (some seasons very abundant); _L. carpinata_, Hopwas Wood; _Thera variata_, Sutton Park, Hopwas Wood, Cannock Chase; _Hypsipetes ruberata_, _H. trifasciata_, Solihull, Sutton Park, Bewdley; _Melanippe hastata_, Knowle, Bewdley; _Anticlea sinuata_, _A. rubidata_, _A. badiata_, _A. derivata_, Knowle; _Camptogramma fluviata_, Knowle; _Cidaria miata_, Knowle; _Carsia paludata_, var. _imbutata_, near Birmingham.