Chapter III: Part 3

The Boston schools will be represented by Y. M. Edwards, of the English High-School, who won the Harvard interscholastic tournament in May. Edwards, however, is not so strong a player as the two men already mentioned. In fact, this year the Boston schools did not develop any high-class man on the courts, which perhaps might have been expected, they having turned out such men as Ware and Whitman last year. The Inter-Academic League's tennis tournament in Philadelphia was won by J. K. Willing, of Delancey School, who did some pretty good work on the Belmont Cricket Club courts, but from whom little can be expected if he appears at Newport. Pell of Berkeley, the winner of the N.Y.I.S.A.A. tournament, is not entitled to compete in the National event; and if the New York schools are represented at all it will be by Walton, the winner of the Columbia interscholastic tournament. The Maine tourney resulted in a victory for Dana of Portland, but it is uncertain if he will appear at Newport.

The interscholastic matches at the National event have been held yearly since 1891. The record of the winners since then is as follows:

Year. Played at. Winner. School.
1891. Cambridge. R. D. Wrenn. Cambridge Latin.
1892. Cambridge. M. G. Chace. Univ. Grammar, Prov.
1893. Newport. C. R. Budlong. High, Providence.
1894. Newport. W. G. Parker. Tutor, New York.
1895. Newport. L. E. Ware. Roxbury Latin.

A glance at this list will show that the winners of the interscholastic matches have all, with the possible exception of Parker, become players of ability; and although Ware cannot yet be ranked with Chace or Wrenn, he certainly will achieve that distinction before long. It is pleasing to see that the schools are developing such good men in this line of sport, the winners of the tournaments of '91, '92, '93, and '95 being graduates of large schools, whereas the winner of '94, who has not achieved any particular prominence since, was not a graduate of any institution. Perhaps this shows the advantage of attending a large school, for this surely affords a greater opportunity for good practice, and a player gets the chance to brush up against many different styles.

This question of practice is a very important one, and no player who hopes to become proficient in tennis can ever hope to do so unless he keeps himself in shape by working daily on the court during the open season. In tennis, as in everything else, there is no high-road to success, and while it is possible that some men may have a greater facility for making strokes and covering the court than others, there is no such thing as a born tennis-player, and all who have succeeded in the game have earned their laurels by hard and persistent work.

It has sometimes been asked if a tennis-player should maintain any especial kind of training. He should--that is, he should keep in training in the sense of keeping in good condition and, as I have said above, in keeping in form. If a man wishes to win a closely contested five-set match, he has got to be absolutely fit. Such a game requires endurance as much as skill, and the man who is in the better condition, even if he is the poorer player, so far as science goes, is likely to be the winner.

Every one who has played tennis, no matter how little, knows what an amount of exertion and lung-power is expended in a three or five set match, especially if the weather is at all warm or humid, as it usually is in this part of the country on the day set for a tennis-match--(unless it rains!) In order to be able to stand the strain of such an exertion, any one who is going to play tennis regularly and in tournaments during the summer should make it a point to lead as much as possible a regular life. One of the most important things is to get a good long rest every night, and especially on the night preceding a hard match. A good night's rest may only be obtained by retiring early. The trouble with a good many of our tennis-players is that, being at hotels or summer resorts for the playing of tournaments, they are apt to be led into sitting up late at night by the company or the entertainment which is at hand.

Two hours sleep before midnight is recognized to be worth more than four hours of sleep in the morning, so far as refreshing the tissues of the body is concerned. For this reason tennis-players, and especially the younger men among them, to whom I hope to appeal in these columns, should avoid hops and dances at summer resorts, for this is the most common reason for sitting up late at night. A couple of hours' dancing in the evening, while it is fun, is exercise, and tires one. The man who has to play a match in the morning will feel that unpleasant weary sensation under the knees if he has danced the night before, and in the middle of about the second set he will wish he had gone to bed instead of to the ballroom.

As for diet, there is no particular reason why this should be especially restricted. Good wholesome food will strengthen any one who is exercising, and constant exercise will likewise usually overcome the effect of a certain amount of rich food; but it is better for the general health not to tax the system with pastry and sweets and rich sauces. Especially at luncheon, before an afternoon match, should these dishes be shunned. It goes without saying that smoking should be avoided, for there is nothing worse than such indulgence for the "wind."

While playing, either a match or practice sets, never under any circumstances drink anything. It is bad on general principles to drink when overheated, and while exercising in this way cold drinks will surely make a player feel badly, and eventually give him dyspepsia, if nothing worse. It is well to have a pail of fresh water--better still, oatmeal water--near the court, and there is no reason why the players should not occasionally wash out their mouths. In England, where there is even a greater fear of ice-water than there is among our own sensible people, tennis-players frequently take a little warm tea between sets when playing important matches. The tea, which is served not hot but only lukewarm, quenches the thirst very satisfactorily, and, in addition, acts as a stimulant to the system.

After an afternoon of play on the courts it is a very good thing to retire to your room and use a pair of light wooden dumbbells for two or three minutes. This exercise is not fatiguing and does not take up any time, and makes a man feel refreshed and somewhat rested, for it brings into play a number of muscles that were not used on the court. It goes without saying that bathing is imperative after tennis, as it is, after all, exercise, and after the bath a rub down with a rough towel. The man who takes a cold bath in the morning will find himself better set up for the coming day's play, and it cannot be too strongly urged upon players at the sea-side to take a plunge before breakfast, if they can, in the salt water.

To lay a grass court is not such a difficult matter as it might seem to one who has never attempted it, and as some of the readers of this Department seem to wish to be enlightened on this subject, it may be well to devote a few lines of explanation. We will suppose, of course, that the grass court is to be laid out on a lawn, and not on a bare space that must be sodded down. The portion of the lawn selected should be, of course, as flat and even as possible, and the court should be carefully measured out, but not necessarily marked out, before anything else is done. Then with sharp spades remove entirely all the existing turf. When this has been done the bare ground must be properly levelled and turned over, and a layer of fine soil about two inches deep should be laid on. Then replace the turf and beat it well down. It sounds like a heavy undertaking to remove the sod from the entire court space, but the results will justify the labor expended, and the court will be a much better one when completed than if the rough spots only had been taken up and smoothed over.

This court should then be left for a week or two, to settle down, so to speak; and after that the grass should be carefully mowed. There is a good deal of skill in the use of a lawn-mower, and a good gardener can do more for the turf with this little machine than might at first be supposed. The grass ought not to be cut more frequently than once a week in the spring-time, but as the summer becomes older and the grass grows faster, it may be well to mow the court twice and possibly even three times in the week. In the early days of the court's construction, if it is not in demand for playing, the best thing is to allow the cut grass to remain on the lawn, for it acts eventually as a sort of fertilizer and develops a superior quality of turf.

Next in importance to mowing is rolling. A lawn-roller need not be a large one, but its use should not be spared, and while the ground is soft in the spring the court should be rolled a little almost every day. On one day roll the lawn from end to end, and on the next roll it from side to side. But in spite of the most careful mowing and rolling, weeds will appear on every lawn, and if they are not attended to at once they will multiply so rapidly that the entire sodding will have to be torn up again and relaid. A very good way, in the spring, is to call in a couple of small boys and set them to work at pulling up weeds. The twenty-five or fifty cents that the small boys will consider ample payment for their labors is nothing compared to the nuisance and annoyance that weeds might cause later in the season. Recognizing this fact, it might be well, if the boys proved efficient as weed-pullers, to have them come in throughout the playing season, every fortnight or so, and thus keep the court in good condition.

In this Department last year, at just about this season, were printed a couple of paragraphs telling of the construction of dirt and clay courts; it seems, therefore, unnecessary to return to that subject again this summer; but any of the readers of the Department who desire information on that subject may obtain it by addressing the Editor. It is not always possible, as I have said before, to answer by letter the many inquiries that come to this Department, but correspondents may feel assured that sooner or later their questions, if they are of general interest to sportsmen, will be answered here.

Dannatt. Armstrong. Mongovern. Davis. Flournoy. Whitson. Kelster.

Carmichael. Berrien. Lake. Van Allen. Holmes. Lachmund.

THE CLINTON, IOWA, HIGH-SCHOOL TRACK-ATHLETIC TEAM.]

The Clinton High-School track-athletic team, a picture of which is given on another page, is the champion of the Iowa State High-School A.A., having taken the greatest number of points again this year at their annual field-meeting. One of the most promising of the young athletes in the group is Flournoy, who came on with the Iowa team to the National Games, and participated in the high jump. Since the formation of the National Association there has been a great boom in track athletics in many of the Western States, where hitherto the interest had been more or less desultory, especially among the graduates, and without graduate interest little can be done by the young sportsmen themselves. Now, however, it looks as if Iowa and Wisconsin, and Ohio and Minnesota were in a fair way to develop strong school athletes, and within the next year or so these lads will surely become a factor in the interscholastic athletic development of this country.

While it is perhaps a little early to begin the discussion of football, it is not out of place to call the attention of captains to the fact that the University Athletic Club has revised the rules of the game, and that in all probability this fall their code will be accepted by all the colleges in the country. Last year, as we all remember, there were two or three sets of rules, and Harvard played one way, while Yale played another way, and when matches were arranged between colleges that had early in the season adopted varying regulations, it was first necessary for the managers to meet and decide upon what should be considered fair ruling in the proposed match.

Now this is done away with, and a new code has been accepted--a code that I feel sure will be better than anything we have had before. For the best heads evolved it, and the idea of the committee representing the University Athletic Club was to do away with the worst features of roughness in the game, at the same time retaining the science and the keen edge of the sport.

These rules may not yet have been published, but I should advise every school football captain to inform himself concerning this, and to secure a copy of the book as soon as possible, in order that when he gets back to the gridiron he may be familiar with the changes and innovations that have been made, and thus gain time which must be spent in the study of the rules.

No captain can be efficient unless he has the rules of the game at his fingers' ends; not only the general rules, but the various interpretations that can be put on points that only come up perhaps once in a season, but which often cause long delays and discussions when they do crop up, and the captains and umpires are uninformed concerning the penalties required.

In the next issue of the ROUND TABLE we shall begin a series of descriptive articles on swimming and diving, which will run from rime to time in this Department, as the articles on track athletics were printed last year. The descriptions will be illustrated from instantaneous photographs taken of one of the most expert swimmers in the country, and it will be the object of the papers to so describe the science of swimming and diving that any boy who does not know how, but who has a pond near his home, may go out and soon learn the necessary strokes.

"TRACK ATHLETICS IN DETAIL."--ILLUSTRATED.--8VO, CLOTH, ORNAMENTAL, $1.25.

THE GRADUATE.

This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should address
Editor Stamp Department.

The discovery of a misspelled word on the new $1 silver certificate (tranquility instead of tranquillity) has led thousands of persons to believe that the government will call in all the bills, with the consequence that those remaining in the hands of the public will command a premium from "collectors." Nothing can be more erroneous.

The marvellous growth in value of rare stamps has led to a widespread idea that there is an immense number of "collectors" in every department, that these "collectors" are waiting with money in their hands anxious to pay fancy prices for anything which is old or odd. As a matter of fact neither age nor scarcity makes a thing valuable. It is entirely a question of demand and supply. For instance, any book printed by Caxton (1474 to 1492) would be worth $5000 at least, and some of his books would bring $15,000 or more, each. Many other older books printed previous to these dates can be bought for $10 each. Why the difference? Simply this: Caxton was the first English printer, and his books are eagerly sought for in England by the great libraries and by English bibliophiles. The demand is great, the supply exceeding small, hence the continuous growth in values. On the other hand, thousands of big folio volumes of sermons and theological disquisitions in the Latin language, printed in Germany and elsewhere, at the same time as the Caxtons, or earlier, are in the market. The supply is immense, the demand very small, hence the very small prices, despite the fact that some of these books are quite as scarce as some of the Caxtons, and just as old.

The same remarks apply to coins and other objects. Every week I receive requests to price old silver and copper coins, and when I reply that the U.S. coins are worth their face, and that the foreign coins are usually worth their weight as old silver, I do so convinced that my correspondents will feel disappointed. Previous to 1834 most of the silver money used in the U.S. was Spanish. Millions of these coins are still in existence, and to-day they are not current in any country, and are bought up by coin-dealers at about forty-five per cent. of their face value, and are melted into bullion.

Old Roman and Greek coins are found in large quantities every year in tombs and in the ruins of old houses. Messrs. Hunt and Grenfell found two large jars of Roman silver and gold coins in Lower Egypt last winter in which were over 4000 coins in perfect preservation. The latest coins were those of Hadrian (A.D. 138) and Marcus Aurelius (A.D. 161). All over Europe, Asia, and Africa similar finds are frequent. In June, 1833, some boys found a box containing 7000 coins, which were mostly English, of the reigns of William the Conqueror (A.D. 1066) and William Rufus (A.D. 1109). In 1832 the sexton of Hexham Church, while digging a grave, found a brass bucket containing over 8000 coins of the early Saxon Kings of England (about A.D. 800). In High Wycombe a shepherd boy found a large number of British gold coins which had been hidden over 1800 years. In 1831 a chest containing over 200,000 coins of Edward I. and II. (about A.D. 1300) was unearthed at Tutbury, and not far from this find another box was dug up containing over 7000 gold and silver coins, mostly Saxon (about A.D. 850), but containing many foreign coins. It was probably the entire stock of some money-broker who was obliged to flee for his life.

This list of great finds could be continued indefinitely, but enough has been said to show how common old coins are. The old Greek gold coins are scarce, and lately a demand for these has arisen, which has pushed up prices to nearly double what they were a year ago. Ordinary coins remain the same. Now nothing is more interesting than a collection of coins. For instance, specimens of the common coins of all countries and all ages. They are just as interesting as if they were all rare, and can be picked up at small prices with patience and a little going about. Gold coins would, of course, be out of the question, but copper and silver illustrate the different periods just as well. I know a collector who has over 500 coins, no two of the same reign, and representing over one hundred different countries. They give the owner and his friends much pleasure and information, and their entire cost was less than $125.

PHILATUS.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

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ROYAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.

This Department is conducted in the Interest of Bicyclers, and the
Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the subject. Our
maps and tours contain many valuable data kindly supplied from the
official maps and road-books of the League of American Wheelmen.
Recognizing the value of the work being done by the L.A.W., the
Editor will be pleased to furnish subscribers with membership
blanks and information so far as possible.

This week we begin describing the trip from Chicago to Waukesha. A trip in the vicinity of Waukesha was given last week as being one of the best rides in that part of the country. The quickest way, of course, to reach Waukesha is by train, but it is a pleasant ride all the way from Chicago there on the wheel, and there is no reason why a wheelman with some time on his hands should not begin his journey at Chicago instead of at Waukesha. There are several ways of reaching Waukesha, but the one that we shall give in the next three weeks is usually considered the best, since it goes through the most attractive country, and over, on the whole, the best roads, although the distance is somewhat greater than by one or two other routes.

The first stage will be from the Court-House in Chicago to Wheeling, a distance of about twenty-five miles. Leave the Court-House, and run out Washington Boulevard, through Union Park to Hoyne Avenue; then turning to the right into this, run to North Avenue, and turn here sharp to the right, and a moment later to the left into Milwaukee Avenue. Milwaukee Avenue runs out beyond Grayland, turns here slightly to the northward, and crosses the railroad track. It is what used to be called the old toll road, and crosses the railroad track at Jefferson Park. Immediately after crossing turn to the left, and follow the track up through Norwood Park, which is two miles further on, thence through Canfield to Park Ridge, and at Park Ridge leave the railroad track and turn right into the road that runs northward. This should be followed as marked on the map, with a sharp turn to the left and right about a mile out of Park Ridge, and a mile further on another sharp turn to the right, bringing the rider again into Milwaukee Avenue. Here keep to the left, and run northwestward through Grove to West Northfield, seven miles from Park Ridge. Thence the road zigzags three or four miles on to Wheeling.

The road most of the way is reasonably good, partly block pavement, and partly ordinary country road in good condition. The run can easily be made in two hours by a moderately good rider; in three hours by any one who is able to ride twenty-five miles. If the rider has time it is well worth while to do this ride in the morning, and spend the afternoon at Wheeling, or running out here and there in the vicinity of that town--to Deerfield, for example, and back. Or it is quite possible to make the next stage of the journey to Waukesha in the afternoon, and this will be given in the coming week.

NOTE.--Map of New York city asphalted streets in No. 809. Map of
routes from New York to Tarrytown in No. 810. New York to Stamford,
Connecticut, in No. 811. New York to Staten Island in No. 812. New
Jersey from Hoboken to Pine Brook in No. 813. Brooklyn in No. 814.
Brooklyn to Babylon in No. 815. Brooklyn to Northport in No. 816.
Tarrytown to Poughkeepsie in No. 817. Poughkeepsie to Hudson in No.
818. Hudson to Albany in No. 819. Tottenville to Trenton in No.
820. Trenton to Philadelphia in No. 821. Philadelphia in No. 822.
Philadelphia-Wissahickon Route in No. 823. Philadelphia to West
Chester in No. 824. Philadelphia to Atlantic City--First Stage in
No. 825; Second Stage in No. 826. Philadelphia to Vineland--First
Stage in No. 827; Second Stage in No. 828. New York to
Boston--Second Stage in No. 829; Third Stage in No. 830; Fourth
Stage in No. 831; Fifth Stage in No 832; Sixth Stage in No. 833.
Boston to Concord in No. 834. Boston in No. 835. Boston to
Gloucester in No. 836. Boston to Newburyport in No. 837. Boston to
New Bedford in No. 838. Boston to South Framingham in No. 839.
Boston to Nahant in No. 840. Boston to Lowell in No. 841. Boston to
Nantasket Beach in No 842. Boston Circuit Ride in No. 843.
Philadelphia to Washington--First Stage in No. 844; Second Stage in
No. 845; Third Stage in No. 846; Fourth Stage in No. 847; Fifth
Stage in No. 848. City of Washington in No. 849. City of Albany in
No. 854; Albany to Fonda in No. 855; Fonda to Utica in No. 856:
Utica to Syracuse in No. 857; Syracuse to Lyons in No. 858; Lyons
to Rochester in No. 859; Rochester to Batavia in No. 860; Batavia
to Buffalo in No. 861; Poughkeepsie to Newtown in No. 864; Newtown
to Hartford in No. 865; New Haven to Hartford in No. 866; Hartford
to Springfield in No. 867; Hartford to Canaan in No. 868; Canaan to
Pittsfield in No 869; Hudson to Pittsfield in No. 870. City of
Chicago in No. 874.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

MYSTERY OF SILVER PRINTING--(_Continued_).

Chemists have proved that no substance is sensitive to light when perfectly pure and kept by itself in a dry place. If silver chloride is placed in a glass tube, the air exhausted, and the tube hermetically sealed, it may be exposed to sunlight, and will remain unchanged in color.

The action of light on the silver chloride is to separate the chlorine from the silver, but there must be some substance with which the chlorine will combine, or the light will not decompose the chloride. (Decompose is to separate the parts composing a compound body.)

For purposes of photography some substance must be used which will combine very quickly with the silver, and such a substance is found in silver nitrate. The chlorine set free by the action of light combines at once with the pure silver in the nitrate of silver. The chemical nature of the dark-colored substance produced by the action of light on the silver chloride is not yet fully determined, but most chemists agree that the silver chloride, when decomposed by light, produces silver sub-chloride and chlorine. (A sub-chloride is a chloride which contains more of the base than the acid. A molecule of silver chloride contains one atom of silver and one of chlorine, while a molecule of sub-chloride contains _two_ atoms of silver and one atom of chlorine.)

This silver chloride is white, but passes through different shades of coloring, from a reddish-violet to a deep purplish-black, according to the length of time it is exposed to the light.

When paper coated with a sensitive silver solution is placed under a negative and exposed to the sun, the light reaches the paper through different degrees of thickness, or density, in the gelatine film. In the part of the negative which represents the sky the film is quite thick, while in the part which represents the deep shadows it is thin, sometimes being almost transparent. The part of the paper which is under the portion of the negative representing the sky is scarcely affected by the light, but in that part representing the shadows the light acts at once, and quickly decomposes the silver chloride. When the paper is taken from the printing-frame it contains different grades of the deposit formed by the action of light on the silver chloride.

NOTE.--The first article in the series of "Chemistry of
Photography" was published in No. 867 (June 9). This article was on
the chemical elements, and contained the following paragraph:

"Each element is represented by a symbol, this symbol being the
first letter or letters of the name of the element. The symbol of
hydrogen is 'H': of oxygen is 'O'; of gold, 'Au,' the first two
letters of the word 'Aurum,' the Latin name for gold. Each symbol
also stands for the weight of one of its atoms. (An atom is
supposed to be the smallest possible division of a substance.)
Hydrogen is the _lightest_ element known, and is taken as the
standard of weight when comparing the weight of other atoms. The
symbol 'H' would therefore not only stand for the element hydrogen,
but for its atomic weight, 1, or a unit. An atom of oxygen is
_sixteen_ times as heavy as an atom of hydrogen, and an atom of
gold is 196 times as heavy."

In the next number of the ROUND TABLE a list of the chemicals
mentioned was given, but either through a typographical error or an
error in copy, the weight of hydrogen was given as "11," and that
of oxygen as "12." It should have been hydrogen "1," and oxygen
"16." Those who read the first paper would of course perceive the
mistake; but this correction is made for those who may not have
seen the first article, or may have forgotten the explanation.

CAPTAIN JACK AND THE CANNIBALS.

"Well! well! well!" said old Captain Jack, as Bobbie and Tom appeared before him on the beach in front of the Ocean House. "You boys back again, eh? Why, do you know, I never expected to see ye again? For a fact I didn't."

"Why not?" asked Bobbie.

"Why not?" echoed the old seafarer, as he leaned back against the old wreck and laughed. "Why not? Why, I takes the town paper, I does, an' las' winter I seed a squib in the town paper as said that two hungry cannabiles had descended on New York city, an' et up the whole poppylation. Mebbe you didn't belong to the poppylation. Some folks don't join everything there is a-goin'. Wasn't ye et up?"

"How you do talk!" said Bobbie. "If we had been eaten up how should we be here?"

"Simple enough! simple enough!" returned the old Captain, pulling away on his pipe. "I was et up once, therefore why not ye, says I," he added.

"Eaten up? You?" cried Tom. "How could that be? You are here, aren't you?"

"Yes, I be," returned the Captain. "But so also are you in spite of the fact that ar town paper says that two cannabiles has et up the poppylation of New York. If it's a-comin' to manufacture apologizing, it's your turn first."

"Well," said Tom, "we don't want to make you mad, Captain Jack. If two cannibals ate up the population of New York, we escaped. Maybe we were in the back of the pantry, where they couldn't find us," he added, with a sly wink at Bobbie.

"That's where I was," said Bobbie, resolved to be on good terms with the Captain anyhow. "I heard our next-door neighbors hollering away like everything, so I and my whole family hid away behind the ice-box."

"Exactly," said Captain Jack, with a smile. "You was sensible, you was; an' so you escaped being et, but I never had no such luck. Cannabiles got hold of me oncet, an' if it hadn't been for my presence o' mind I wouldn't ha' been here now."

"Why, what did they do?" asked Tom.

"They et every bit o' me except my head," said Jack. "First they et my feet, then my legs, then my arms, an' then the rest o' me, except my head"--and Captain Jack sighed as he thought of it. "An' I tell ye, boys," he added, with a sad shake of his head, "it hurt awful, 'specially when they were pickin' my bones."

"But you're here now!" cried Bob.

"Yes," said Captain Jack; "but from my collar down I'm false. I've one wooden leg, one cork leg--which keeps me up when I go in swimmin'--one wax arm, and another arm which I've growed since the cataract."

"Cataract?" said Bob.

"Cat-as-trophe, I guess you mean," said Tom.

"One o' the two. I dun'no' which," said the old sailor. "I ain't never been particular about cats."

And then he rose up and walked away, leaving the two boys wishing they had brought a few pins along with them to stick into him to see whether his legs were really cork and wood, as he had said.

* * * * *

AN EXPLANATION.

"Jacky, you ought to be ashamed of yourself," said Mrs. Harkins to her boy. "Mr. Hayseed tells me you picked all his cantaloupes and threw them into the well."

"I did it for you," pleaded Jacky.

"Me?" cried his mother.

"Yes, I did," said Jacky. "They was only muskmelons, and you said you liked watermelons best, so I put 'em in the well."

* * * * *

STARVED TO DEATH

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* * * * *

Catching and Mounting Butterflies.

Will you kindly tell me how to catch, how to kill without pain, how
to mount, and on what to mount butterflies?

ZELL STEEVER.
"THE CAIRO," WASHINGTON, D. C.

To properly catch butterflies for a collection do not use your hat or your fingers. Provide a net as shown in the illustration. Bend a light wire so as to form a hoop ten inches across, and fasten the two ends into a section of a fishing-rod or other light pole about four feet long. Over this hoop stretch netting as shown. Immediately the fly is in the net turn the hoop over, that it may not escape. If it be of large size, catch it at the base of the wings by your thumb and finger. Press hard enough to kill, but not to crush the body. If of small size, or if it does not hold its wings above its back, put your killing-bottle inside the net, drive the fly inside it, and let the poison do the rest. This killing-bottle is of glass, with a large mouth, and has a cork that projects sufficiently to be easily handled. Into the bottle put a piece of cyanide of potassium as big as a chestnut, and pour over it, to depth enough to cover it, plaster of Paris, letting the latter harden.

To mount butterflies prepare a setting-board as shown in the illustration. Put the body into the groove, as here shown, and then, using a fine needle, spread the wings well, the front wings being quite well forward, and the hind wings well away from the body. Get the antennæ in position, and put two pins crossed under the abdomen so it does not fall. Put over the wings pieces of stiff cardboard, as in the cut, and bind them down with the string. Let them be on the setting-boards one week after you think them thoroughly dry. If insects become too dry to spread they can be softened by putting them, for a few hours, into a closed jar in which there is wet sand.

There are various ways of arranging a permanent butterfly collection, but the best way is to provide a light box, two inches deep and 20x24 inches square. Have the bottom of cork, and over the top put a cover with glass in it. Cover the cork bottom with white paper. Insects should be arranged as they are classified in science, each with a label below the insect giving scientific name, date and place of capture, and with both sexes present. With each ought to be placed the other stages of its life, if possible: egg, caterpillar, pupa, and cocoon, if it makes one. Some prefer to set insects on pins arranged to show their color to the best advantage, but this is not so good a plan from a scientific point of view. Designs might be a crown, a star, a wasp, or a butterfly, using beetles, wasps, and dragon-flies to vary colors.

* * * * *

Storing and Transferring Wheat.

In this city are stored vast quantities of wheat. This wheat has to
be kept somewhere between crops, so to speak. Formerly it was
stored in great wooden structures called elevators. You have seen
such buildings, of course. But there were two serious objections to
wooden buildings for keeping grain. One was that rats, weevils, and
worms easily got through the wood. The other was the danger from
fire, and the consequently increased cost of insurance.

In Toledo the experiment was first tried of erecting immense steel
tanks for storing grain. These tanks would not burn, and rats could
not dig through them. Furthermore, they can be made air-tight, and
hence they preserve the grain.

A short distance from here, on the line of the Lake Shore and
Michigan Southern Railway, a new method has just been tried for
putting wheat into and getting it out of these tanks. The grain is
transferred by a system of tubes, through which are strong
air-currents, and the wheat is carried by the air just as a chip is
carried along by a stream of water. These air-tight tanks make the
flour you eat better than formerly, and the tubes for transferring
the wheat lessen its cost.

FRANK F. CLARK.
TOLEDO, O.

* * * * *

Answers to Kinks.

No. 14.--Pope Gregory IX. Found by using capitals.

* * * * *

No. 15.--Spear, pear, ear, ar.

* * * * *

No. 16.--Hot-ten-tot. An-a-gram, Mush-room.

* * * * *

No. 17.

Turtle, cod, salmon, duck, goose, onion, pea, olive, tongue, orange, plum, strawberry, sugar, milk, cold water.

* * * * *

No. 18.

1, General Sher (Shire) man. 2, U. S. Grant. 3, B. Franklin. 4, Chauncey Depew (chance, seedy, pew). 5, Salmon Portland Chase. 6, P. T. Barnum (pea, tea, bar, numb). 7, Patrick Henry (pat, rick, hen, rye). 8, Abraham Lincoln (a, bray, ham, lin, con). 9, G. Washington (gee, washing, ton). 10, James A. Garfield. 11, Noah Porter. 12, Phil Sheridan (fill, sherry, den). 13, Daniel Webster (Dan, yell, web, star). 14, Benjamin Harrison. 15, Henry Ward Beecher (hen, reward, beech, err). 16, Oliver Wendell Holmes (olive, are, double u, homes.) 17, Thomas Edison. 18, J. Russell Lowell (jay, russ, cell, low, well). 19, Kit Carson. 20, Captain Kidd (cap, tun, kid).

* * * * *

Questions and Answers.

"Can you tell a New York city boy, who is interested in architecture, where he can get a chance, without expense, to read the illustrated architectural papers or magazines as they come out? Can you suggest the names of those which are best suited to help a boy ambitious to become familiar with this study?" You can read all the periodicals and books on this subject contained in the Astor and Cooper Institute libraries free of expense. Consult the _Architectural News_, which you will find on the Institute table; also _Gunton's Magazine_--advertisements as well as contents. Lewis J. Mather: No pins of the Order are in stock just now. Notice will be given on this page when a new stock is ready. "Would-be-Marine" should read the article by Admiral Gherardi in _Harper's Round Table_ for June 30 last. He can procure it through any dealer or direct from the publishers for five cents. In it he is told in great detail how to enter the navy, the requirements, pay, and chances of promotion.

Will "H. K. M.", an autograph-collector, send us his or her full name and address? A Knight in France writes: "Will any Western Knight or Lady write to Sir Victor Cartier, 3 Rue Beauregard, Troyes, Aube, France, how farmers are making their own oatmeal, and about sweet-corn culture? He shall answer them any question concerning France. Sir Victor would like, too, to trade French stamps with people living in Africa, South America, China, Australia." Josephus Cinquemont: Ask your newsdealer for HARPER'S ROUND TABLE, which is HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE under a different name. You give no address. To insure a reply it is always best to send your address. Evon Foucht, 105 Bank Street, Dayton, O., is interested in magic, and wants correspondents who have ideas to trade with him. He is informed, in answer to his question, that the St. George and the Greek crosses are one and the same in form--as nearly as the types will allow us, this +. Look in Webster for a picture of the Greek cross. The St. George is not given there.

Frank W. Dougherty, 1751 North Thirty-first Street, Philadelphia, is a "Shut in," aged thirteen, who has had to keep his room for three years. He is what the daily papers call a baseball "rooter," and is saving up colored pictures of ball-players. Can you send him some for his collection? Henry F. Schermerhorn: It is better to apply for a patent through an experienced attorney than to attend to the matter yourself. Models are no longer required.

* * * * *

AN UNEXPECTED RESULT.

A party of American college graduates on a trip around the world were spending a few days in one of the smaller cities of India. Near by was a temple, in the grounds of which were always to be found a number of fakirs and jugglers and performers of wonderful tricks. One evening the Americans were joking with one of these miracle-workers, and succeeded in making him believe that they considered there was nothing wonderful about his performances. One of the Americans who had a knack of doing sleight-of-hand tricks, and who had cultivated his ability somewhat by entertaining his college mates with various feats of dexterity before he graduated, thought it would be a good joke to challenge the fakir to a competition. The juggler accepted, and called his assistants about him. It was decided that the American should perform the first trick; and he confided to his friends that he would make the fakir believe he had swallowed a lighted cigarette. Knowing how well he could perform this feat of sleight-of-hand, his companions smiled confidently. The American youth rolled up his sleeves and pulled from his pocket a cigarette, which he passed around among the Hindoos. He then took a match from his pocket and scraped it on the heel of his shoe.

To the amazement of all the American travellers the natives uttered howls of dismay, and gathered up their goods and fled. Nothing could persuade them to come back again, and the Americans were considerably at a loss to know what had caused their fright. They learned a few days later from a low-caste Hindoo that the fakir and his friends had been scared almost out of their wits by the lighting of the match. "They are willing to do tricks with human beings," said the man, "but they have great fear of one who can pick up a small stick from the ground, and with it draw fire from his foot. The fakirs fear no man, but they would have the Prophet protect them from devils."

* * * * *

A SLOW TRAIN.

Southern railroads have a reputation for slow travel, and in some cases it is well merited. A Western travelling-man, making a trip on these lines, suffered a great deal of annoyance from this particular failing, but up to the time of the following incident he had enjoyed himself immensely guying the conductors, trainmen, or any persons having to do with the roads, about their rapid transit.

He was travelling one afternoon on an exceptionally slow train, which came to a stop every now and then without any apparent cause. After expressing himself very audibly to the passengers he resigned himself to the inevitable, and dozed off into short naps, which were interrupted by the sundry jerks of the train, at which he complained. The passengers showed their annoyance at these complaints by angry looks. The conductor had excused the engineer in every possible way. The last apology had been that cattle obstructed the track. The train had started again, and had proceeded about ten minutes, when it halted with a jerk. Up waked the impatient traveller, and petulantly remarked:

"Dear, dear! I suppose, conductor, this worse than slow train has struck another herd of cattle?"

"Struck another one?--not much," replied the conductor; "we've simply caught up again with the first herd we ran into, that's all."

The traveller subsided, and the conductor was left in peace.

* * * * *

NO HIRING ABOUT THE MATTER.

Probably one of the neatest bits of sharp bargaining ever enacted took place not long ago between an apparently ignorant German with an abundance of wealth and a sharp dealer in horses. The German wanted a day's outing, and decided that a long drive would suffice for his wants, and applied to the horse-dealer for the hire of his best horse and trap. The dealer, not knowing the applicant, demurred at supplying his wants. The German, determined to have his ride, finally pulled out a huge roll of bills, and offered to buy the horse and rig, provided the dealer would buy them back at the same price. This surprised the dealer, but not wishing to offend the owner of so much ready money and possibly a good future customer, he agreed to the deal.

The German departed with the horse and rig, and at the end of the day returned them in good condition, expressing his satisfaction at the pleasure the drive had afforded him. The dealer, according to the agreement, paid him back the money, and the German started to leave the place.

"I beg your pardon, sir," exclaimed the dealer, "but you have forgotten to pay for the hire, you know."

"Pay for the hire? Why, my dear sir," coolly replied the German, "I fail to see that. If you will exercise your memory a trifle you will agree that I have been driving my own horse and trap all day, and, now you have bought them back, they are yours. There was no hiring about the matter. Good-day, sir." And he left the astonished dealer to reflect.

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W. G. BAKER, Springfield, Mass.

POPULAR BOOKS FOR BOYS

By KIRK MUNROE

* * * * *

_The kind of stories that healthy, hearty boys are apt to like._--Independent, N. Y.

_Master of the art which keeps the young reader's interest at a tension._--N. Y. Sun.

* * * * *

SNOW-SHOES AND SLEDGES

A Sequel to "The Fur-Seal's Tooth."

Brimful of adventures admirably recorded. The young folks will take delight in it.... We confess to having read every word of the journal with as much interest as we once read "Robinson Crusoe" or the "Swiss Family Robinson."--_Christian Intelligencer_, N. Y.

A book which will hold the interest of its readers from beginning to end.--_N. Y. Evening Post._

THE FUR-SEAL'S TOOTH

There is plenty of moving incident in the tale, and the atmosphere, redolent of seals and the life of that stormy clime, will delight all boys.--_Spectator_, London.

CANOEMATES

An entertaining story for boys, and will usefully enlarge their knowledge of our great Atlantic peninsula.--_N. Y. Evening Post._

RAFTMATES

The story has a strong, wholesome tone, and will hold the interest of boy readers from first to last page.--_Churchman_, N. Y.

CAMPMATES

An excellent record of the early development of certain Western cities and of certain Indian tribes now fast disappearing.--_Critic_, N. Y.

DORYMATES

A wholesomely exciting tale of adventure which any bright boy might consider a valuable addition to his library.--_Christian Intelligencer_, N. Y.

Each one volume. Illustrated. Post 8vo. Cloth, $1.25.

The "Mates" Series, Four Volumes in a Box, $5.00.

RICK DALE

A thrilling story of the Northwest coast. (_In Press._)

* * * * *

WAKULLA

A Story of Adventure in Florida.

The book will prove specially attractive to boys from its spice of adventure, and it will not be less valuable because it conveys a little covert instruction.--_Springfield Republican._

DERRICK STERLING

A Story of the Mines.

A bright, vivid, and often thrilling tale ... graphically illustrated.--_Brooklyn Eagle._

THE FLAMINGO FEATHER

On the slender thread of tradition Mr. Munroe has strung a series of fascinating adventures. The story is certain to hold the attention of young readers, and is wholesome from beginning to end.--_Literary World_, Boston.

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And Delta Bixby. Two Stories.

Two lovely little stories for children.... There is a good, healthy tone in Mr. Munroe's books that commends them to readers of every age.--_Philadelphia Public Ledger._

Each one volume. Illustrated. Square 16mo, Cloth, $1.00

* * * * *

Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.

* * * * *

MR. OLD BLADE. "OH, CHEER UP, OLD MAN; WE ALL HAVE OUR DULL DAYS."]

* * * * *

WHY SHE DIDN'T SMILE.

"Why are you pouting to-day, Jennie dear? Aren't you happy?"

"I'm very happy," said Jennie.

"Then why don't you smile as you generally do, and show us those pretty little white teeth?"

"That's just it. They ain't white. I've been eating blueberry pie."

* * * * *

DISCONTENTED SAMMY.

DISCONTENTED SAMMY. "I wish I was down at the sea-shore instead of up here in the mountains."

JIMMIEBOY. "What would you be doing at the sea-shore?"

DISCONTENTED SAMMY. "I'd be wishin' I was back here."

* * * * *

A GREAT CLIMBER

"Do you do much climbing, Harold?" asked the newly arrived guest.

"Well, in a way I do," said Harold. "Papa climbs all over the mountains, and I climb all over papa."

* * * * *

JIMMIEBOY'S DESSERT.

It was at dinner at the Profile House.

"I'll have some blueberry pie and some ice-cream," said papa.

"You may bring me some jelly and cream-cakes," said mamma.

"And what will you have?" asked the waitress of Jimmieboy.

"I'll have the same," said Jimmieboy.

* * * * *

A POPULAR FEATURE.

"I just love it here," said Bobbie.

"What do you like best about it?" asked the good farmer's wife.

"You haven't any bath-tub in the house," said Bobbie.

* * * * *

Two brawny sunburnt sons of Ireland met each other on the street shortly before an eclipse of the sun.

"Hallo, Pat! are yez goin' ter see the 'clipse?"

"Faith, Tim, oive no tiliscope."

"Oi wonder at yer ignorance. Go home an' smoke some glass if yez want ter see it. That's as good as all the tiliscopes yez can git."

"Shure if that's all yez have ter do, that's aisy enough."

Some hours later Tim was passing down the street when he espied Pat sitting on his stoop staring at the sky and madly pulling away at a short stump of a pipe from which no smoke issued.

"Did yez see the 'clipse, Pat?" he called out.

"Nary a bit of wan have I seen. Is it over?"

"Over? Sure; an hour ago."

"Well, then" (and here Pat hurled his pipe out into the road), "it's all the fault of that glass. Oi must have smoked the wrong kind."

* * * * *

It is said that the sagacity and memory of the elephant exceed those of any other animal. This is very possible, as in the many cases reported the incidents bearing on these two particulars surpass those of other animals.