Chapter IV: Section II

Trinity 2 0 0 50 0
Dwight 1[1] 2 0 8 42
Cutler 1 2 0 10 8

[1] This game was won by default from Cutler.

FINAL CHAMPIONSHIP GAME.

De La Salle 2--Trinity 0

SCORES OF GAMES PLAYED.

De La Salle 4--Barnard 6
De La Salle 6--Berkeley 6
De La Salle 6--Berkeley 0
De La Salle 10--Barnard 4[2]
De La Salle 2--Trinity 0
Trinity 32--Dwight 0
Trinity 18--Cutler 0
Berkeley 24--Barnard 2
Cutler 10--Dwight 8
Cutler 0--Dwight 6[3]

[2] An all-round tie in Section I. necessitated a play-off, but as Berkeley forfeited, this was the only game played.

[3] Won by Dwight by default.

COOK COUNTY FOOTBALL LEAGUE.

T
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o h S
a - a
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s o e
w t
f n i
r s e
o s
m f
a B
T i y P
o l P o G
u i O o i G a
c n p i n a m
h g p n t m e
- o t s e s
d G n s s
o o e l l
w a n W o w o
n l t o s o s
s s s n t n t

Englewood 12 3 .. 118 12 9 0
Hyde Park 14 11 .. 128 54 8 1
Lake View 11 4 .. 40 16 6 2
Evanston 11 4 .. 82 50 5 3
North Division 17 6 .. 126 72 5 4
English High 3 1 .. 22 24 4 5
Northwest Division 3 1 .. 22 86 3 6
Manual-Training 1 1 .. 10 78 2 7
Oak Park 6 3 .. 48 142 1 8
West Division 0 2 .. 8 84 1 8

CONNECTICUT I.S.F.B.A.

NORTHERN DIVISION.

October 31--New Britain H.-S., 42; Hartford H.-S., 6.
November 7--New Britain H.-S., 50; Norwich[4] F. A., 0.

SOUTHERN DIVISION.

October 31--Meriden H.-S., 54; Hillhouse H.-S., 12.
October 31--Bridgeport H.-S., 12; Waterbury H.-S., 8.
November 7--Meriden H.-S., 20; Bridgeport H.-S., 12.

CHAMPIONSHIP GAME.

November 14--New Britain H.-S., 30; Meriden H.-S., 6.

[4] On October 31 Connecticut Lit. Inst. forfeited to Norwich F. A.

The Trinity School Football Team this year was the strongest that that school has ever put into the field; and although it did not win the New York championship, it made an enviable record for itself during the season. Thirteen games in all were played as follows:

Trinity 10--Yonkers High-School 0
Trinity 28--St. Austin's School 0
Trinity 4--Montclair High-School 2
Trinity 44--Packard Business College 4
Trinity 0--St. Paul's School 30
Trinity 6--Rutger Prep. School 0
Trinity 10--Staten Island C. C., 2d team 6
Trinity 0--Princeton Prep. School 10
Trinity *32--Dwight School 0
Trinity *18--Cutler School 0
Trinity * 0--De La Salle School 2
Trinity 10--Columbia Freshmen 0

The contests marked with a star were games played in the New York Interscholastic championship series.

For the first time in several years the Trinity players this season had a regular coach, to whom much of the credit of their success is due. The '95 team knew nothing of systematic interference, whereas this year's eleven was well trained in that branch of the sport, and developed a special strength on end plays. Only four of the '95 team returned to school this fall. These were Page, centre; Brown, left guard; Stromeyer, left half-back, and O'Rourke, full-back. Page and Brown were moved to tackles, and proved efficient in those positions.

On looking over the new material at the beginning of the season Captain O'Rourke found that he had an abundance of men capable of playing end and back, but there were not many heavy players for the centre of the line. Consequently in the early games Trinity's opponents made most of their advances through the centre; but this weakness was finally remedied, and the eleven developed a strong defence. With the experience acquired this season next year's eleven should prove particularly strong.

With the great development of football among all the schools, it has now come to be an important matter with the colleges to keep track of the scholastic players, and to depend upon them for material for the university elevens. In connection with this it is interesting to look over a list of the graduating football-players which has been recently compiled.

Beginning with the New York League we find that of the seven members of the Berkeley team who graduate next spring, Bien, Gilson, and Rice will go to Yale, Walker and Hasbrouck will go to Columbia, Wiley will enter Princeton, and Pell will not go to college at all. From the Cutler team Yale will get Kimball, Kip, and Lee, Harvard will get Hoffman and Sands, and McElroy will go to Columbia. Columbia will get four men from Drisler's eleven--Agate, Ballin, Furnald, and Wolff. Columbia also gets Brooks from Hamilton Institute; and from the same school Carey will go to Princeton, and Foster to Technology, Boston. Of the Dwight football-players, Bogart, Cameron, McCord, and Vinton go to Yale, Adler to Pennsylvania, Slawson to Princeton, and Eickemeyer to Columbia. From the champion team of De La Salle only two go to college--Tilford to Yale, and Bennett to Manhattan College.

Not so many men go to college from the Long Island League. Pratt Institute will send Bowie and Warner to Cornell, and Nevins to Columbia. Brooklyn Latin will send three men to Harvard--Lawrence, E. Motley, and J. L. Motley; Auchincloss, Brown, and Hoppin will go to Yale. From the championship team of St. Paul's, Garden City, Loraine, Symonds, and White will enter Harvard; and Cluett will go to Yale.

The Connecticut League will naturally send more football-players to Yale than to any other college. From Hotchkiss School six men will go down to New Haven--Hixon, Hoysradt, Montague, Noyes, Reynolds, and Savage. Two of the substitutes of the team, Coy, also a tennis-player, and Robertson, will likewise go to Yale. Fincke, football man and tennis champion, will go to Harvard. From the Hartford High-School Wood goes to Cornell; and Cutter, Gibb, Hanford, and Lockwood go to Yale. From Meriden Hubbard will go to Yale, and also possibly Gibson and Lane; Collins will enter Tufts College. From the champion New Britain team Yale will get Buckley, Corbin, and Flannery.

From other schools not in any of the large interscholastic leagues the larger colleges will also get a number of good men. From Andover, Yale will get Holladay, Swift, Wheeler, and White, and also one or more substitutes. Exeter will probably send three players to Harvard. From Lawrenceville, Cadwalader, Dudley, and Richards go to Yale; Loy and Mattis to Princeton. From the football team of St. Paul's, Concord, Henderson and Hollingsworth will enter Harvard; Vredenburg will go to Princeton; and Yale will get Campbell, Phipps, and Richardson, besides three or four substitutes of the team. Groton will send six football-players to Yale--Allen, Gillett, Smith, Strong, Twichell, and Whaples. Sturtevant will go to Trinity.

From St. Mark's, Southboro', Harvard will receive Wittemore; Technology of Boston will get Adams; while Hare and Nash will go to Yale. Westminster School will probably send six of the players of its team to Yale--Fabbri, Knapp, McLean, Nisbet, Scott, and Wells. From the Hill School only two of the first football team graduate--Keifer, who will go to Yale, and Fincke, who is undecided. Taft's School will send seven of its football men to New Haven--Bell, Barnett, Lear, Merriman, Townshend, Welch, and White.

"FOOTBALL FACTS AND FIGURES."--BY WALTER CAMP.--POST 8VO, PAPER, 75 CENTS.

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QUESTIONS FOR YOUNG MEN.

ON DRESS.

There is a certain professor in a certain university of the United States who once, at the beginning of one of his lectures on fine arts, got on the subject of the kind of pins worn in the neck-ties of young college men. He was a good lecturer, and was always interesting, but this lecture was the most interesting of his course to the three hundred boys who heard him, and the whole hour was spent on neck-tie pins, their use and misuse, and what they suggested. The gist of what he said was that there was no more reason why a boy should wear a horseshoe with a whip across it all in gold than that houses should have sieves for roofs. And that as it was extremely foolish to put a big sieve on your house for a roof, so it was quite as foolish to wear horseshoes on your neck-ties. The principle of this is that you should have a reason in what you wear as well as in other things, and that senseless decorations, like horseshoes on neck-ties or neck-ties on horseshoes, are silly and unbecoming to a self-respecting person. This particular example was only one to illustrate a principle, which is that nothing unusual, queer, out of the ordinary, is in itself a good thing; that, in fact, most things that are queer and out of the ordinary are likely, in the question of dress, to be in bad taste. A man's dress ought to be quiet, but it _must_ be clean and well taken care of in every instance. The best dressed man is the man who, in whatever company he finds himself, is inconspicuous; who, you realize in an indefinite way, is well appointed, though you cannot well tell why. If you appear at a dinner in overalls, people say you are badly dressed, and they would repeat that wise observation if you went out in the field in a swallow-tail-coat. In the same way a man who has a flaring neck-tie or a purple handkerchief, or very long coat or very short trousers, is at once conspicuous, and therefore badly dressed.

This is not a question which involves the expenditure of money. A young man's clothing may be worn threadbare, but it can always be clean, and it costs no more to buy a quiet-colored cloth than to buy a big check of black and green or brown and yellow. If you study the matter a little you will find that you can tell the general character of any person by his clothes. Some men are sure to always wear slouchy clothes, half-soiled linen, a bright green neck-tie; others wear highly colored waistcoats; others again are always in the height of fashion--that is, a little in the extreme year after year; and still others make a point of being badly dressed and out of the prevalent style to show that they are not swayed by such silly laws as style. It is easy enough to place all these men in their proper places. And then, finally, you see some young chap whose clothes are clean, who is neither out of the style of the day nor in the height of it, whose clothes may be showing distinct signs of wear, but who seems to fit them pretty well, and to be noticeable in no particular way so far as they are concerned, and in all probability you put him down, if you think of the matter at all, as a man of common-sense, of decency, of self-respect, and good manners.

Then, again, some men sit in their shirt sleeves at home. There is no reason for this. It is merely a queer idea that you are more comfortable in that style of dress. But such men do not realize that their sisters, wives, mothers, naturally lose some of their respect for them, and that they unconsciously lose a good deal of respect for themselves. Certainly these sisters and wives and mothers are the girls and women we think most of, and why do we treat them with a disrespect that we would never think of subjecting strangers to in our own or in their homes? That disrespect to them is a boomerang, a reflector on us ourselves. If you dress quietly and decently and as well as you can, if you keep yourself and your clothes clean, you are more likely to keep morally clean, to think and act in a dignified way, and to treat others with proper respect. Of course there are great men who are slovenly, but they are never great because they are slovenly, and it would not dull their greatness if they kept themselves clean and orderly. It is because they grow careless, and carelessness is never excusable in any one. Think about your clothes, then, and avoid anything that will make you noticeable. That does not mean that one should always be thinking of what to wear, that one should be a dandy and a fop. It simply means that he should be a self-respecting man who tries to be decent.

* * * * *

Postmen sometimes have very lively experiences in the course of their daily rounds. It has often happened that on lonely roads they have had to fight their way against tramps and others who lie in wait to see what they can get that doesn't belong to them, and may be worth having. The most novel experience that has come to notice, however, was in the work of an English postman. It appears that on a recent Sunday a swarm of bees took possession of the village letter-box at Haunton, six miles from Tamworth. There is no collection on Sunday, and on Monday night, when the rural postman essayed to take out the letters, he was compelled to beat a speedy retreat, and no one could approach within twenty yards of the box. The postman avers that that was the liveliest mail he has had to do with in a long while.

* * * * *

BLÜCHER'S PIPE-BEARER.

There is a story told somewhere of an old Indian-fighter, one of the kind that trailed the war parties of the redskins far back in the last century. This veteran loved his pipe, and as the story goes, during one of his exploits the Indians followed his trail by the smell of the tobacco smoke, and finally a well-aimed bullet knocked the glowing bowl from his mouth. Thus warned, he made his escape.

This pipe story does not equal that told of Christian Hennemann, a countryman from Rostock, who fought with Field-Marshal Blücher at Waterloo. Those who are familiar with Blücher's life know of his partiality for a pipe, and even in the heat of battle he never neglected his smoke. As day broke the morning of the memorable battle of Waterloo, Blücher called the hussar Christian Hennemann, and placed him in charge of a box of clay pipes, with the instruction to keep one always ready to hand to him, that he might enjoy a few whiffs during the engagement.

As the morning wore on, Blücher sat on his white charger gravely puffing away. He had reached out his hand for the second time to take the refilled pipe, when an ungenerous cannon-ball dug up the ground near at hand, causing his horse to shy. Blücher hastily handed the pipe to Christian, saying, "Just keep that lighted for a few moments while I drive those rascally Frenchmen back."

The chase was a long one, as history relates, and through the hot summer day the battle waged and men fought and died. When the battle was over, Blücher and Wellington, who were riding over the scene together, happened to pass near where Blücher had first started to chase the enemy. Outlined against the sky a lonely man sat perched on a rock. A bloody rag was bound around his head, and one arm hung in a sling. He was calmly smoking a clay pipe.

With an exclamation of surprise Blücher pulled up.

"Why, it's my Hennemann! How you look, boy! What are you doing here alone?"

"Waiting for you, as ordered," was the grumbled reply. "Been waiting ever since you left. The French have shot away every pipe in the box. They ripped the flesh from my head and shattered my arm with their bullets. It's well there is an end to the battle, or you would have been too late even for this last pipe."

Wellington, turning to Blücher, remarked:

"You have admired the unflinching loyalty and bravery of my Highlanders. What shall I say of this brave soul?"

"But your Highlanders had no pipes to regale themselves with," Blücher replied.

This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should address
Editor Stamp Department.

The prices of great rarities are not declining, and the common stamps are worth as much to-day as ever; but the middle-class U. S. stamps have had a serious decline during the past three months. However, the stock is not large, it cannot be increased, and the good stamps are constantly being spoiled by carelessness or destroyed by accident, hence the eventual return to higher values is inevitable.

A rumor has gone abroad that the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington contemplates making an entirely new set of postage-stamps, or keeping the present dies and changing all the colors. In either case there will be a great demand for Plate Nos. The present prices of Plate Nos. are quite low, and collectors should make up their albums as soon as possible. If a new set of stamps is issued, almost every one will be able to get all the new Nos. at a slight advance on face values.

One of the New York dealers has adopted a new method of selling scarce stamps. For instance, a U. S. Revenue was placed in the window marked $20, the catalogue price, with a notice that the price would be reduced $1 each day until sold. Quite a number of collectors kept tally, and determined to buy the stamp when it had come down to $12 or $13. They are still waiting, as the stamp was sold at $14. Other dealers intend to do the same thing with other stamps, and in many instances they expect the stamp to be sold the second day.

S. P. KENNA.--There is no accounting for fashion, but the wise
collector is one of those who set the fashion. Those who come in
later must pay highest prices. Australians were the most sought
after three or four years ago, then came West-Indians. U. S.
stamps, of course, are, and probably will be, more sought after in
this country than abroad.

J. SHACKHEIM.--A fine unused 90c. U. S. 1860 issue, sold at one
auction for $11 a few days ago, and the next day a poor copy of the
same stamp brought $13.50 at another auction. The first was very
cheap, the second very dear. Unused high values U. S. will always
be very scarce, and in some cases rare.

J. URBAN.--You have a very interesting lot of coins, but none of
them is of such rarity as to be worth sending to a dealer. You will
doubtless be able to get many others in time at nominal prices, and
thus make up a good collection.

W. HAMMOND, 8 High St., Peabody, Mass., wishes to exchange stamps.

J. O. HALL.--To get the new stamps as issued I would advise you to
join the American Philatelic Association. Address J. F. Beard,
secretary, Muscatine, Iowa.

F. X. SCHMIDT.--The first coins struck for an American
English-speaking country were the Sommer Island III., VI., XII.
pence in 1616. These are now called the Bermuda Islands. The next
coins were the New England III., VI., XII. in 1652, and the
Pine-Tree pieces struck in the same year.

J. KLEINSCHMIDT.--There are two varieties of the 1869 15c. stamp.
1. The ordinary, in the frame of which, under the letter T of the
word POSTAGE, is a diamond. This variety is worth $1.25 used. 2.
The other has the diamond cut out, and this variety is worth $3
used.

A. A. DAVIS.--Brazil stamps, both used and unused, had been very
low in price for all issues from 1850 to 1893. Daring the past two
years they have gone up in price quite remarkably, as the dealers
and collectors find that certain varieties are quite scarce. If you
have the complete sets unused hold on to them, as prices are bound
to advance.

PHILATUS.

You Should Have

"Harper's Round Table" for 1896

Volume XVII. With 1276 Pages and about 1200 Illustrations. 4to, Cloth, Ornamental, $3.50.

It is doubtful if any other book issued at this holiday season
contains so many stories for young readers as this volume.--_San
Francisco Chronicle._

The book is one which is sure to delight all the
children.--_Detroit Free Press._

A pronounced success as an educational means of great
value.--_Pittsburg Chronicle-Telegraph._

One of the best periodicals for children ever
published.--_Philadelphia Ledger._

Naval Actions of the War of 1812

By JAMES BARNES. With 21 Full-page Illustrations by CARLTON T. CHAPMAN, printed in color, and 12 Reproductions of Medals. 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, Deckel Edges and Gilt Top, $4.50.

Unquestionably both the most lifelike and the most artistic
renderings of these encounters ever attempted.--_Boston Journal._

Brimful of adventure, hardihood, and patriotism.--_Philadelphia
Ledger._

The Dwarfs' Tailor

And Other Fairy Tales. Collected by ZOE DANA UNDERHILL. With 12 Illustrations. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.75.

The twenty-two tales form a cosmopolitan array that cannot fail to
delight young readers.--_Chicago Tribune._

Fascinating for old and young.--_Boston Traveller._

A Virginia Cavalier

A Story of the Youth of George Washington. By MOLLY ELLIOT SEAWELL. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.50.

Warmly commended to all young American readers.--_Chicago
Inter-Ocean._

An absorbing tale.--_Philadelphia Bulletin._

Rick Dale

A Story of the Northwest Coast. By KIRK MUNROE. Illustrated by W. A. ROGERS. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.

Lively and exciting, and has, incidentally, much first-hand
information about the far Northwest.--_Outlook_, N. Y.

Capital story of adventure.--_Philadelphia Evening Bulletin._

* * * * *

HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, New York

What All Ought to Read.

A member living in the South asks for a list of books that persons of all ages ought to read in order to begin further reading--books that ought to be read, no matter in what direction a later taste might lead.

Here is a list prepared last year to fit this very question. It was prepared by some one well qualified for the task:

_Tales from Shakespeare_, by Charles and Mary Lamb.
Sir Walter Scott's _Ivanhoe_, _Lady of the Lake_, and _Marmion_.
Tennyson's _Idyls of the King_.
Macaulay's _History of England_.
Higginson's _Young Folks' History of the United States_.
Thackeray's _The Virginians_.
Walter Besant's _For Faith and Freedom_.
Dickens's _Tale of Two Cities_.
_Brave Little Holland, and what She taught Us_, by W. E. Griffis.
Lew. Wallace's _Ben-Hur_.
_Bible Characters_, by Charles Reade.
_Recreations in Botany_, by Caroline A. Creevey.
_The History of a Mouthful of Bread_, by Jean Macé.
Laboulaye's _Fairy-Tales_.
_Life and Letters of Louisa M. Alcott_.
_John Halifax, Gentleman_, by Mrs. Craik.
Longfellow's _Evangeline_.
Irving's _Life of Washington_.
Whittier's _Snow-Bound_.
Hawthorne's _House of Seven Gables_ and _Tanglewood Tales_.
Fenimore Cooper's _Leatherstocking Tales_ and _Last of the Mohicans_.
Amelia E. Barr's _Bow of Orange Ribbon_.
Alexander Johnston's _American Politics_.

How many of these have you read? And why may not a Chapter take up this list?

* * * * *

A Call for Charity.

The storm of September 29 caused such disaster at Fort White that I
have decided to write to you, through the columns of HARPER'S ROUND
TABLE, and ask you to send ten cents to Mrs. E. G. Persons, Fort
White, Florida. It will be distributed among the storm sufferers of
that place, which was almost totally wrecked. Only three
dwelling-houses were left standing. The turpentine-men were ruined,
as nearly all the turpentine-trees were blown down. I hope that you
will all respond liberally and quickly, for what is a very small
sum to one person will mean a great deal to the storm sufferers.

ALBERT H. ROBERTS, K.R.T.
ANITA, FLA.

* * * * *

Working a Turpentine Orchard.

Our national Department of Agriculture gathers facts in relation to forestry as well as to farming, and publishes them for the use of any one who wishes them. It has just issued some interesting facts about pine-trees, of the variety from which turpentine is obtained.

"Work in a turpentine orchard is started in the early part of the winter, with the cutting of the boxes. Trees of full growth, according to their circumference, receive from two to four boxes.

"The boxes are cut from eight to twelve inches above the base of the tree, seven inches deep and slanting from the outside to the interior. In the adult trees they are fourteen inches in the greatest diameter, and four inches in the greatest width, with a capacity of about three pints. In the mean time the ground is laid bare around the tree for a breadth of two and a half to three feet, and all combustible material loose on the ground is raked into heaps to be burned, in order to protect the trees from the danger of catching fire during the conflagrations, which are frequently started in the pine forests by design or carelessness. The employment of fire for the protection of turpentine orchards against the same element necessarily involves the total destruction of the smaller tree growth, and if allowed to spread without control beyond the proper limit often carries ruin to the adjoining forests.

"During the early days of spring the turpentine begins to flow, and chipping is begun, as the work of washing the trees is called, by which the surface of the trees above the box is laid bare beyond the youngest layers of the wood to a depth of about an inch from the outside of the bark. The removal of the bark and of the outermost layers of the wood--the "chipping" or "hacking"--is done with a peculiar tool, the "hacker," a strong knife with a curved edge fastened to the end of a handle bearing on its lower end an iron ball of about four pounds in weight, to give increased force to the stroke inflicted upon the tree, and thus to lighten the labor of chipping. As soon as the scarified surface ceases to discharge turpentine freely, fresh incisions are made with the hacker. The chipping is repeated every week from March to October or November, extending generally through a period of thirty-two weeks, and the weight of the chip is increased about one and one-half to two inches every month. The rosin which accumulates in the boxes is dipped into a pail with a flat trowel-shaped dipper, and is then transferred to a barrel for transportation to the still."

* * * * *

Queer Complication of Territory.

Kings and presidents send ambassadors to the capitals of other countries, as you know. The residence of these ambassadors is, in law, not a part of the country in whose capital they are located, but a part of the country from which comes the ambassador residing there at the moment. For instance, the residence of the American Ambassador to France is in Paris, but at law it is not French but United States territory. A novel incident grew out of this legal fiction recently.

The Japanese Embassy in Berlin is not German, but Japan territory, of course. The embassy owns a parrot. The parrot got out of its cage and took lodgement in a neighboring tree--a tree in Germany, not in Japan. A Japanese servant remaining in Japan levelled a hose at the parrot, with the aim of dislodging him. It chanced that beneath the tree there sat, at the time, a German resident of wealth. The water that dislodged the parrot drenched him and ruined his clothes. He sued for damages, and got $4--a compromise sum, because the inflictor of the damage was a resident of Japan, had not left his own country, and could not be dragged into a German police court.

* * * * *

A Lake without Water.

Central Australia is only now becoming known, as is Central Africa. An explorer tells the following about a wonderful "lake":

"We came, just at dusk, to the top of a sand hill, and saw Lake Amadeus lying at our feet. It was a strange sight. The bed of the lake was here only some three-quarters of a mile wide, but east and west it stretched away to the horizon, widening out, especially westwards, into a vast sheet many miles across. There was not a speck of water, only a dead level surface of white salt standing out against the rich after-glow on the west and the dull sky to the east, whilst north and south it was hemmed in by low hills covered with dark scrub."

* * * * *

To Amateur Paper Publishers.

Will publishers of amateur newspapers send sample copies to A. R. Abbott, 38 Franklin Street, Northampton, Massachusetts?

* * * * *

A Query in Natural History.

Some time ago, under the above heading, a caterpillar was described
which is commonly called saddle-back or slug caterpillar.
Naturalists know it by the euphonious title of _Sibine stimulea_,
which tells us that the tufts of bristles have nettlelike powers of
irritation. The name slug caterpillar is given it because, the
abdominal legs being absent, it moves with a smooth, gliding,
snail-like motion. It feeds on many plants and trees, such as corn,
rose, cherry, pear, and apple. After spending some weeks feeding on
the leaves, it spins a brown cocoon, nearly spherical, surrounded
by a loose silken web, and about July 1 a small moth emerges.

It resembles those small moths commonly designated as "millers."
The wings, which spread about one and one-half inches, are of a
beautiful rich brown color, with a dark streak on the fore wings,
near which are three whitish spots. Although nature has furnished
the caterpillar with a protective armor of poisonous bristles, yet
it does not seem to me to merit the epithet "hideous creature."

C. W. B.
EAST ORANGE, N. J.

* * * * *

Questions and Answers.

Henry Osborn asks what causes Indian-summer weather, and why it is so called. Neither is quite clear, dear Sir Henry. In Canada it is known as St. Martin's summer. Why we call it Indian summer we have been unable to find out. Can any one tell us? By early American colonists it was thought that the haze was real smoke wafted from fires started by the Indians in anticipation of winter.--A Pennsylvania member asks how commercial pop-corn is made so excellent, when he has so much difficulty in getting his corn to pop well. The reasons are several. One is practice, which makes perfect. Another is good tools. Coal is poor stuff to pop corn over. Get coke. That is better because it stays hot, and does not die down as coal does. For popping corn in large quantities regular furnaces lined with fire-brick are provided, and there are huge wire baskets that are handled crane fashion. Some hold a bushel of corn when popped. Pop-corn parties are said to be more common than usual this autumn.

Gardner W. Millet asks when rifles were invented, and when metallic ammunition, all ready for use, was first used. He also asks about breech-loading guns and magazine-rifles. The earliest breech-loaders were used in 1537, but during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries they were common. They were also crude. At Kuisyingen, in 1636, only seven shots were fired by soldiers in eight hours. The flintlock was of Spanish origin, and came in about 1630. William, Prince of Orange, brought it to England in 1688. Rifles are quite old, having been used in Germany in the eighteenth century--early part. The Furguson, a breech loading rifle, was used by American patriots during the Revolution. The civil war brought into use the metallic ammunition, all ready for loading on the instant, though there were many breech-loading rifles in use before that day. The magazine-guns were invented in 1835, but not much used till thirty years later. The rifle used by the United States weighs eight pounds and twelve ounces, has a 0.3 calibre, and five rounds of ammunition.

"C. G. A." is informed that Mrs. Augusta J. Evans, the author, is still living, we believe, in Mobile, Alabama. A granddaughter is also a resident of Mobile, named Mrs. Gaillard, formerly Miss Wilson.--Jay F. Hammond asks if a barrel is used for a post-office at Cape of Good Hope, as is said to be used at the Strait of Magellan. We think not. The extremity of Africa is quite unlike the extremity of South America. Perhaps some South African reader can tell us more.--Edwy L. Taylor: The Camera Club Competitions close February 15. The reference to an earlier closing was an error.--Edward C. Wood: Your game may be copyrighted, but unless it be a mechanical contrivance, or a part of such, and that new, it cannot be patented. The cost of a copyright is fifty cents, with a further fifty cents for a transcript, while a patent costs upwards of $100. We can find no record of the firm you mention. To copyright your game mail two copies addressed to the Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C., give your full name and address, state the purpose of sending, and enclose $1. Nothing else is required. To make the copyright effective you must conspicuously place on every copy the words "Copyright, 1896, by Edward C. Wood, Philadelphia."--C. B. M.: Apply to Samuel French & Son, Dramatic Publishers, New York, and state just what you want. They will reply at once, giving list, if you mention the ROUND TABLE.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

HINTS ON RETOUCHING.

II.--SPOTS AND SCRATCHES.

It often happens that there are spots on a negative--caused by specks of dust on the plate, air-bubbles in the developer, or unlucky scratches in the handling--which if not covered in some way make a black spot on the silver paper, and mar the beauty of what would otherwise be a fine picture. With a little practice one can learn to fill up these defects so that they will be scarcely noticeable in the print.

Take a drop or two of the retouching varnish on the end of the finger, and rub it lightly and evenly over the places which are to be retouched. Put to dry in a place free from dust; it will be dry enough in three or four hours. Place the retouching-frame on a table by a window with a good strong light, close the blind or lower the shade over the upper part of the window, and place a sheet of white paper under the frame on the table. Place the negative in the frame, and over it put a piece of opaque paper with a hole an inch or two in diameter opening over the place to be retouched. This also protects the film and shuts off all light except from the points to be treated. Now if the hole is a large one, take the brush and moisten it, and rub a little of the lampblack from the cake of water-color on it. Then with the greatest care touch the spot directly in the centre with a bit of the paint. Rinse the brush, and turning it till a fine point is obtained, work the paint carefully toward the edges of the spot, taking care that it does not touch the film but comes close to it. Let the paint dry, and if the first application has not made the spot of an equal density with the surrounding film, repeat the process. If the operation is not successful, the paint can be removed by applying a little turpentine on a soft cloth.

If the spot to be retouched is very small, or if there is a scratch on the film, take a soft pencil sharpened according to directions given in the first paper on retouching, and with very minute strokes go over the places until the required density is obtained. Sometimes it is necessary to go over the places several times before the spots appear like the film.

If a negative has sharp, harsh contrasts, they can be softened by going over them carefully with the pencil, using the softest one for this purpose, and then blending the pencil strokes with a crayon stump.

Freckles, heavy shadows under the eyes and nose, are easily removed or softened by using a needle-pointed pencil of very soft lead.

Undesirable backgrounds, or objects which have been unavoidably included in the picture, may be blocked out by using a thin solution of lampblack, and applying it to the back of the plate. A light coat obscures the background, and a thick coat blocks it out entirely.

In beginning the practice of retouching, it is wise to experiment on poor negatives, as first attempts are not always successful. Do not be discouraged if the first trial prove a failure. Remember your early experience in making negatives, and try again; for perseverance, no matter in what direction, is sure to bring its reward--success.

SIR KNIGHT WILLIAM MERRITT sends a print which shows no detail at
the corners, and says that all his plates have the same fault, and
asks what is the matter. The lens does not cover the plate--that
is, the lens is too small for the size plate used. It may be that
the diaphragm is too large, and by using a smaller diaphragm the
blur showing on the edges of the picture would be corrected. The
smaller the opening the more extended the sharp field of the lens;
but the smaller the opening the longer must be the exposure.

SIR KNIGHT CHARLES M. TODD asks if hypo is always used for the
fixing-bath without regard to the kind of developer; if a
ferrotype-plate will impart a gloss to all kinds of prints except
blue prints; if the whole roll of films in a pocket kodak would
have to be exposed before one could develop any of the exposures;
if developing solution may be used the second time if only one or
two negatives have been developed in it. Hypo is always used for
the fixing-bath, as it is the cheapest and safest chemical for the
dissolving of the unused or unacted upon silver salts.
Ferrotype-plate will not impart a gloss to a platinum, bromide, or
any of the soft-tinted papers. The films in a pocket kodak should
all be used before developing. There are only twelve films in a
roll, and if part were taken out, one film would have to be spoiled
in order to put the unused films back on the empty spool. Developer
may be used the second and even the third time. Most amateurs have
a bottle for old developer, and use it for starting development, as
it is safer unless one knows the exact time of the exposure of the
plate.

SIR KNIGHT F. ELTON MORSE, 11 and 13 Market St., Lynn, Mass.,
wishes to exchange landscape views with other members of the Camera
Club.

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THE SONG OF THE MUSES.

What is that melody weird and wild
That throbs and sobs like the wail of a child
Through the quiet night so still and mild?

Behold, it is a choir feline,
With tenors, altos--all told, nine;
Those are the Mewses, I opine.

* * * * *

A PRACTICAL LITTLE GIRL.

"Oh, for the wings of a dove!" sang Mollie.

"What do you want with the wings of a dove, my dear?" asked her mother.

"To put on my new hat," said Mollie.

* * * * *

HIS EXPLANATION.

"See here, Tommie," observed Tommie's teacher, "you ought to be able to spell your own name."

"I can," said Tommie.

"Then why don't you? You've written it Tomie instead of Tommie."

"Oh, as for that," said Tommie, "you told us not to waste anything, and that extra m is just a waste of ink."

* * * * *

GOING INTO A NEW LINE.

"What'll you swap off a three-cent Nicaragua '95 for, Jack?" asked Jack's uncle of the young stamp-collector.

"I won't swap it off for anything, Uncle George, but I tell you what I will do. I'll swap off my whole collection for a goat. Stamps are always the same, but goats--my--they're never the same!"

* * * * *

NOTHING WONDERFUL.

"So you don't think much of Jack the Giant-killer, eh, Bobbie?"

"NO. He was smart. But not particularly wonderful. Why, look at me! I can tire my Pa out in five minutes, and I guess _he_ could lick any giant Jack ever saw."

* * * * *

During the winter months the farmers' boys and girls have lots of fun with their parties, taffy pulls, and such enjoyments, and considerable humor can be found in their happy repartee. At one of these candy parties a guest not altogether liked by some of the girls, unfortunately sat in a saucer of maple sugar left on a chair to cool off, and his unceremonious departure was the wonder of the evening. It was rather hard on the young man, and it is doubtful whether he found anything to end his embarrassment in the note he received the next day from the daughter, saying that if the "Mr. D---- who sat in the saucer of maple sugar last night will kindly return the saucer, he will save himself further trouble."

* * * * *

AN OBJECTION.

"I hate dancing-school," said Jack. "It's lots of fun dancing, but every time I want to waltz I have to load myself up with some girl or other. Why can't they let a feller dance by himself?"

* * * * *

A SURGEON OF THE BICYCLE.

There are enterprising bicycle people in England as well as in this country. A year or more ago London was flooded with the following circular by a bicycle-repairer, which is ingenious enough in its wording to have been the product of a Yankee:

"Bicycle surgery.

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* * * * *

FORCE OF HABIT.

He was thoroughly a business man, and he judged everything from the point of view of weight--as was natural, since he dealt in things which were sold according to their avoirdupois. One day somebody asked him if he had any children.

"Yes," he said. "I've got 453 pounds of boys, and 236 pounds of girls."

* * * * *

A SMALL BOY'S FEET.

"If it wasn't for me my class in school wouldn't have any standing at all," said Hubert.

"Nonsense!" said his aunt. "Your mother says you are the foot of it."

"I am," said Hubert. "How could it stand if it didn't have a foot?"

* * * * *

NOT REPEATED.

"When you stepped on that gentleman's foot, Tommie, I hope you apologized?"

"Oh, yes, indeed I did," said Tommie, "and he gave me ten cents for being such a good boy."

"Did he? And what did you do then?"

"Stepped on the other and apologized again, but it didn't work."

* * * * *

A JOKE UNDER THE SEA.

"Let's get up a minstrel show," said the Shad to the Shark.

"All right," said the Shark. "I've got a splendid mouth for tambo."

"And think of my capacity for the bones, eh?" said the Shad.

And the minnows in the school that was swimming by laughed so heartily that they swam down the Shark's throat without knowing it.

End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Round Table, January 5, 1897, by Various