Chapter XII: In England and America (2)

I do not think that boys are more saving than girls, though there is an opinion to that effect among some people. The fact is that such qualities as economy and prudence are not affairs of sex. They do not belong especially to boys or especially to girls, but depend on training, on conscience, and on disposition.

You ought to have a talk with mamma, and know precisely how much your allowance is meant to cover. Are you expected to buy your own gloves, your handkerchiefs, ties, ribbons, and the small odds and ends of your toilette? Then do you pay your car fares and daily expenses from this sum? And do your church and Sunday-school money, and your little charities, come out of this too? Be sure to have a clear understanding on the whole subject.

Having found out all about it, keep an account of what you receive and what you spend. A little book, with a pencil attached by a string, will be the greatest convenience here, and you can set down every day what you pay out for this or the other thing, and balance the sum at the end of the week. A girl who keeps her accounts with care need never be worried about money. It is not honest to spend what you do not possess. And it is very stupid to be a poor manager.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

Sixteen Years' Subscriber asks where or how one could learn to use a kodak. Full directions for using a kodak accompany the camera; but if one has a friend who uses a camera, it would take but a little time for him to show him how to manipulate the instrument. The making of a good picture is only the result of experience and experiments. After spoiling two dozen plates one generally learns what the camera will and will not do. Directions for developing, etc., are given in the Camera Club Department. "Papers for Beginners" will be found very helpful.

J. C. P. R. says he made some paper according to formula given for plain paper, but in a day or two it had discolored so as to be unfit for use. He says he dried the paper by a gentle heat, wrapped it in brown paper, and put it in a tin box. If there was only a slight discoloration the paper would make good prints which would give clear whites when printed, toned, and washed. A yellowish brown tint does not affect the printing qualities of the paper. The paper gives best results if it can be used the day it is made. If made at night, it should be used the next day. Three days is the longest it can be warranted to keep.

ADVERTISEMENTS.

The

Columbia

Bicycle

Pad Calendar

For 1896

YOU NEED IT.

A Desk Calendar is a necessity--most convenient kind of storehouse for memoranda. The Columbia Desk Calendar is brightest and handsomest of all--full of dainty pen sketches and entertaining thoughts on outdoor exercise and sport. Occasionally reminds you of the superb quality of Columbia Bicycles and of your need of one. You won't object to that, of course. The Calendar will be mailed for five 2-cent stamps.

Address Calendar Department,

POPE MANUFACTURING CO.,

HARTFORD, CONN.

WALTER BAKER & CO., LIMITED.

Established Dorchester, Mass., 1780.

Breakfast Cocoa

Always ask for Walter Baker & Co.'s

Breakfast Cocoa

Made at

DORCHESTER, MASS.

It bears their Trade Mark "La Belle Chocolatiere" on every can.

Beware of Imitations.

HOOPING

COUGH

CROUP

_Can be cured_

by using

ROCHE'S HERBAL

EMBROCATION

The celebrated and effectual English cure, without internal medicine.

W. EDWARD & SON,

Props., London, Eng. Wholesale,

E. FOUGERA & CO., New York

Postage Stamps, &c.

STAMPS!

=800= fine mixed Victoria, Cape of G. H., India, Japan, etc., with fine Stamp Album, only =10c=. New 80-p. Price-list free. _Agents wanted_ at =50%= commission. STANDARD STAMP CO., 4 Nicholson Place, St. Louis, Mo. Old U.S. and Confederate Stamps bought.

100 all dif. Venezuela, Bolivia, etc., only 10c.; 200 all dif. Hayti, Hawaii, etc., only 50c. Ag'ts w't'd at 50% com. List FREE! C. A. Stegmann, 5941 Cote Brilliante Ave., St. Louis, Mo

FOREIGN STAMPS

ON APPROVAL.

Agents wanted at 50% com. Lists free.

CHAS. B. RAUB, New London, Conn.

500

Mixed Australian, etc., 10c.; =105 varieties=, and nice album, 10c.; 15 unused, 10c.; 10 Africa, 10c.; 15 Asia, 10c. F. P. Vincent, Chatham, N.Y.

FINE PACKETS in large variety. Stamps at 50% com. Col's bought. Northwestern Stamp Co., Freeport, Ill.

STAMPS! 100 all dif. Barbados, etc. Only 10c. Ag'ts w't'd at 50% com. List free. L. DOVER & CO., 1469 Hodiamont, St. Louis, Mo.

STAMPS. Approval sheets. Agents wanted; 50% com.

G. D. Holt & Co., 155 Pulaski St., Brooklyn, N. Y.

CARDS

The FINEST SAMPLE BOOK of Gold Beveled Edge, Hidden Name, Silk Fringe, Envelope and Calling Cards ever offered for a 2 cent stamp. These are GENUINE CARDS, NOT TRASH. UNION CARD CO., COLUMBUS, OHIO.

Harper's Catalogue,

Thoroughly revised, classified, and indexed, will be sent by mail to any address on receipt of ten cents.

A Great American Bell.

To Cincinnati belongs the honor of casting one of the largest of
the world's bells. Its weight is about fifteen tons; diameter of
rim, nine feet; circumference, nearly thirty feet; diameter of
crown, five feet; height, seven feet. Six hundred and forty pounds
is the weight of the clapper, and fifteen feet the diameter of the
bell's wheel. The bell will be swung on a yoke, to which five
silver plates will be attached bearing the history of the bell,
together with that of the persons whose medallions adorn it. Among
the latter is Joseph O. Buddeke, who bequeathed the sum of $10,000,
two-thirds of the cost of this giant bell.

Four designs ornament the bell's outer surface. They are in low
Gothic relief. The low Gothic was used because high-relief
ornaments are more apt to be broken in the casting, thus marring
the tone of a bell. Immediately above the thickest portion of the
bell is the Lord's prayer in Latin, inscribed in Gothic characters
over half a foot in height. Around the crown are placed the
phrases:

"Laudo Deum verum, plebem voco, congrego clerum,
Funera prango, fungere frango, sublata pango."

Of these, the latter phrase was the inscription commonly placed on
church bells during the Middle Ages. It was usually accompanied by
the phrase:

"Excito lentos, dissipo ventos, paco cruentos."

Originally, as will be borne out by their translation, these quaint
expressions arose from the belief in the charm of a church bell's
sound. Note the different occasions on which bells were, and are to
some extent to-day, pealed--at sun down, at bed-time, at a wedding,
and at funerals. Of the designs on the bell one is civic, the other
ecclesiastical. Above the civic design an American eagle is
perched. Below the eagle are the seals of the United States, of
Ohio, and of Cincinnati. Around this design are grouped medallions
of the donor of the bell and those of the members of his family.
Two flags are draped on either side.

On the other side of the bell is the ecclesiastical design. Its
parts are arranged similarly to those of the civic design. In place
of the eagle there is the Pope's tiara. Under it in order are the
medallion of Leo XIII., his seal, and the medallion of Archbishop
Elder, the head of the diocese of Cincinnati. The Elder medallion,
occupying the central position of this design, is flanked on either
side by medallions of Bishop Purcell, Cincinnati's first bishop,
and Archbishop Fenwick. The bell is formed of an alloy of copper
and tin, in the proportion of seventy-eight to twenty-two. This is
given by modern experts as the best proportions of the two metals
that can be used in the composition of bell-metal. No silver is
used in the alloy; for that, contrary to popular belief, injures
the tone of a bell when mixed with the copper and tin.

When finished, the bell will be exhibited, and then hung in the
belfry of St. Francis de Sales church. There it is to be one of a
peal of twenty-five. The other bells of this peal are yet to be
cast. How far our bell will compare in size with the other great
bells of the world can be gleaned from the following:

The largest bell ever cast is the great bell of Moscow, now used as
the dome of an underground chapel. Its height is nearly 22 feet,
and its weight, 193 tons. The next in size is also a Moscowan
affair weighing 80 tons. China has a great bell weighing, it is
claimed, 60 tons. There is a bell in the cathedral at Montreal
weighing 13-1/2 tons. Other famous bells are, "The Great Peter,"
cast at York, 1843, weighing 10-3/4 tons; "Great Tom," at Lincoln,
5-1/2 tons; and the great bell of St. Paul's, 5-1/10 tons.

SIMON THEODORE STERN.
NEW YORK CITY.

* * * * *

The Ancients not so Slow.

I saw in the Table that query from a New York Knight about what the
ancients believed concerning the roundness of the world. The error
of thinking that the roundness is a modern discovery is common. The
word _polus_ is derived from the Greek [Greek: phalas], which means
an axis. From this we see that the old Roman philosophers did
believe that the world was round. Again, if this Knight had read
carefully the First Book of the Aeneid, he would have noticed line
233, which reads,

"Cunctus of Italiam terrarum clauditur orbis."

If the Greeks and Romans did not know that the world was round, how
can we account for the expression _orbis terrarum_ which means "the
_circle_ of the earth," or simply "the world." Once more, in 46
B.C., Julius Cæsar, who was not only a warrior, but also a profound
scholar, divided the year into twelve lunar months. To do this he
must have been cognizant of the fact that the world is round.
Virgil uses the word _polus_ only as a metonymy for _coelum_,
which means heaven, or the sky in general. The primitive use of the
word may be found in the writings of Ovid and Pliny.

HERBERT A. GIBBONS.
PHILADELPHIA.

* * * * *

The helping hand.

The energetic Robert Louis Stevenson Chapter, of Cincinnati, which has already done its full share in helping the School Fund, sends us the following, which we print with pleasure.

A LETTER FOR EVERY MEMBER.

Shall the Round Table fail in building its School?

Yes, if we do not make some effort.

No, if we follow the plan of this letter.

We have undertaken to build this school and have practically
pledged our word to do so, and now are we to fail? You have it in
your power to answer no. We have named our Chapters after great
men, promising them to make these Chapters an honor to their names.
Are we to make these men regret they have Chapters named for them?
One of the Round Table editors recently said that if each Knight
and Lady gave 5 cents (only 5 cents), the School Fund would be
complete. This is the plan:

Below you will find a Good Will square. Fill it out and send 5
cents to the Fund. Let every one of the 25,000 Knights and Ladies
respond to this and we will have our school. Fill out the "square"
and send it as soon as you read this. Do not wait for others to
contribute. Do not make us ashamed of the Round Table. Every member
of our Chapter feels his honor and that of the Round Table at
stake, and in this letter exhorts you as fellow-members to help.
Let us make this a grand rally and not a last weak effort of fifty
or sixty members to save the day.

ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSON CHAPTER.
CINCINNATI.

GOOD WILL MITE

HARPER'S ROUND TABLE

INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FUND

_Amount_, $........................

...................................
_Contributor._

_This money is contributed, not because it is asked for, but because I want to give it._

* * * * *

If you use this Good Will Mite, simply pin it to your letter, in order that it may be detached for filing. If the amount is given by more than one contributor, add blanks for their names, but attach the added sheet firmly to the Mite, that it may not become detached and lost. Include a given name in each case, and write plainly, to avoid errors on the Honor Roll.

* * * * *

Word-Hunt Contests.

Very great interest was taken in our "word" contests. We offered $50 in money to those who could find the most words in Webster and Worcester that might be made from the letters composing the words "Harper's New Monthly"; and the same sum, to persons under eighteen, who did the same with the letters composing the words "Harper's' Round Table." In both cases the money was to be divided, $25 to first, $10 to second, $5 to third, and $1 each to the next ten.

Over eleven thousand persons took part in these contests. We had certain rules, but answers received were entered in the competitions whether contestants conformed to the rules or not. None were excluded. Where rules were not followed words were cut out, all contestants being treated precisely the same. Some of our rules were unknown to a few contestants, but no one suffered on that account. The winners are those who exercised the most diligence.

Some contestants counted in a most extraordinary fashion, hundreds claiming in their totals from two to five times as many words as they really had. Others included plurals, when plurals were forbidden, and many did not number their words. Contestants who sent lists longer than the winning ones are assured that their lists, when subjected to our uniform and fair conditions, fell to much smaller proportions than when they left their hands.

It is an odd circumstance that almost all of the Junior winners live in Pennsylvania. But they resided in widely separated towns, and did not work together. The first Junior prize, of $25, was won by John A. Contant, Titusville, Pa., whose list contains 4585 words. The other winners are: Second prize, $10, M. W. Morton, Wingham, Canada, 4484 words; third prize, $5, Chauncey Shackford Curtis, Pittsburg, Pa., 4340 words; and the next ten, $1 each, James Norman McLeod, Scranton, Pa.; Willard O. Carpenter, Troy, N. Y.; George Conradson, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Hannah Adair, Fort Stevens--will she please give the State?--E. Lawrence Conwell, Upland, Pa.; Glen Skinner, Oak Valley, Kansas; Julia Ann Stiff, Maybrook, Va.; Henry O. Evans, Jun., who gives no address; Clarence Lessels, Troy, N. Y.; and Clayton Dovey, Latrobe, Pa. All of these ten had correct lists exceeding 4000 words.

Winners in the Senior contest were more widely distributed in the matter of residence. The sender of the longest list of words was Mrs. John D. Strange, Birmingham, Ala. Her list contained 4629 words, and she is awarded the first prize of $25. The second prize-winner of $10 is Miss Helen T. Littlefield, Avon, Mass., 4516 words; the third prize, $5, Miss Jessie V. Shover, Baltimore, Md., 4463 words; and the next ten, $1 each, were Miss Alice M. Chase, Dorchester, Mass.; Mrs. Agnes R. Conwell, Chester, Pa.; Miss Bertha Fuller, Somerville, Mass.; Miss Mary E. Roebuck, Upland, Pa.; Miss Lavilla Humason, Portland, Ore.; Miss Rose Wood, South Los Angeles, Cal.; Mrs. Edward G. Spencer, Penacook, N. H.; Miss Mary E. Chamberlain, Hudson, Mass.; Misses Irene and Ethel Bogert, Bayonne, N. J.; and Miss Mary Littlejohn, Fort Worth, Texas. All of the Senior winners had above 3800 words.

The prizes have been forwarded to reach winners at about the same time as this announcement of awards. While we congratulate the winners, we bid the losers to be of good cheer. It was a spirited contest, in which winners well earned their rewards.

* * * * *

Quite.

Here is an interesting question for ROUND TABLE readers. Take this
sentence to your Latin teacher and ask him to translate it:

"Mater mea sus mala est."

He will probably make it, "My mother is a bad pig," or something
equally nonsensical. But this is quite another story, "Hasten,
mother, the pig is eating the apples!" Rather surprising, isn't
it?

UPTON B. SINCLAIR, JUN., R.T.F.

* * * * *

Questions and Answers.

Frances de Berard, Coulter, Colo., has specimens of jasper, agate, and white topaz, and wants tin ore, copper, amethyst, gold, or silver ores. A member asks what chemicals are put in batteries that run electric lights. These lights are not run by batteries, but by dynamos. Emma Jennette Pratt asks if any belong to the Order who also belong to the Society of Friends (Quakers). We think so, though we cannot say so certainly. Lady Emma's address is 135 Algoma Street, Oshkosh, Wis., and she wants to hear from the secretary of any Chapter that wants a corresponding member. George Jillard, 92 Thompson Street, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., asks if some Knight living in the South will send him, now or whenever possible, a few cotton bolls as they come from the plant. He will remit postage. Sybel N. Stone, Selak, Colo., is interested in petrified wood and agate specimens, and wants to hear from you. She lives in a region where these are to be obtained.

This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should address
Editor Stamp Department.

How to find the water-mark on stamps?

First, hold it to the light; if the water-mark is well made it can be fairly well seen. Second, lay the stamp face downward on a piece of black goods or a dark japanned surface; then hold it at various angles, in direct light, cross light, near the eye, at arm's-length, etc. It is wonderful how elusive a water-mark can be, and after an expert has shown it to you it seems to stand out so plainly that you wonder how you could have missed it. If not yet successful, then, third, soak the stamp in water, and then try the second method again. As some stamps are printed in fugitive colors (Russia, U.S. due stamps, etc.), they should not be soaked in water. The dealers usually have a bottle of pure benzine, or alcohol nearly pure. In these liquids they plunge the finest stamps, even if unused and with original gum; the effect is about the same as if soaked in water, and neither gum nor colors are affected.

Have you heard of the "Stamp Hospital," where damaged stamps are made to _look_ as good as new? No stamp which has gone through the hospital is worth more than a fraction of the value of a perfect stamp, but it is worth two or three times as much as in its original damaged state. The doctor in charge of the stamp hospital is a clever German living in Berlin, who is a thorough philatelist, artist, and mechanic combined. One of the Round Table readers had a very rare stamp catalogued at $350 to $500 if in perfect condition. This stamp was sold to a dealer in New York city for $100. A large piece had been torn off the right-hand side of the stamp, and the corners were uneven. The dealer sent it to the hospital in Germany, where it was put under a course of treatment, and returned to him with a bill of $10 for repairs. Although the stamp was printed on very thin paper, the doctor had pasted on a piece of similar paper, and then painted the missing part in the exact color. When held up to the light no joint could be seen, and the whole appearance was that of a perfect copy, beautifully centred, wide margins, etc. The dealer has since sold the copy at a fair advance. Of course water must not touch the stamp; even a drop might loosen the patched up portion; but the collector who now has it in his album will watch it carefully and keep it from danger.

J. BALL.--The stamps of Afghanistan were cancelled by tearing out a
piece. Used copies not torn are extremely scarce.

HANCOCK.--Send me a "rubbing" of the coin.

R. C. WILSON.--English coins are not collected in this country. If
the date is undecipherable, even a rare coin would have little
value. The two U.S. coins have no premium value.

F. W. DOBBS.--Dealers ask $1.50 each for U. S. gold dollars of the
common dates, and from $2 to $3 for those coined in the later
years. The cents named are worth from 5c. to 50c., according to
condition.

A. MEIENBORN.--We do not buy or sell stamps.

PHILATUS.

High priced toilet soaps cost more than the ivory, not because the soap itself is any better, but by reason of the expensive wrappings, boxes and perfume. Then the profit on toilet soaps is much greater.

THE PROCTER & GAMBLE CO., CIN'TI.

An important

trifle -- The

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Richardson

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BREAKFAST--SUPPER.

EPPS'S

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COCOA

BOILING WATER OR MILK.

PRINTING OUTFIT 10c.

Sets any name in one minute; prints 500 cards an hour. YOU can make money with it. A font of pretty type, also Indelible Ink, Type, Holder, Pads and Tweezers. Best Linen Marker; worth $1.00. Sample mailed FREE for 10c. stamps for postage on outfit and large catalogue of 1000 Bargains. Same outfit with figures 15c. Larger outfit for printing two lines 25c. post-paid. Ingersoll & Bro. 65 Cortlandt St., N. Y. City

PLAYS

Dialogues, Speakers, for School, Club and Parlor. Catalogue free.

T. S. Denison, Publisher, Chicago, Ill.

CARDS

FOR 1896. 50 Sample Styles AND LIST OF 400 PREMIUM ARTICLES FREE. HAVERFIELD PUB. CO., Cadiz, Ohio.

FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

* * * * *

"HARPER'S ROUND TABLE" FOR 1895

Vol. XVI. With 1096 Pages, and about 750 Illustrations, 4to, Cloth, Ornamental, $3.50.

A LIFE OF CHRIST FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

In Questions and Answers. By MARY HASTINGS FOOTE. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.25.

OAKLEIGH

A Story for Girls. By ELLEN DOUGLAS DELAND. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.

By KIRK MUNROE

=Snow-Shoes and Sledges=, a Sequel to "The Fur-Seal's Tooth." Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.

_BY THE SAME AUTHOR:_

THE FUR-SEAL'S TOOTH.--RAFTMATES.--CANOEMATES.--CAMPMATES.--DORYMATES. Each one volume. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.25.

WAKULLA.--THE FLAMINGO FEATHER.--DERRICK STERLING.--CHRYSTAL, JACK & CO., and DELTA BIXBY. Illustrated. Square 16mo, Cloth, $1.00 each.

By MRS. SANGSTER

=Little Knights and Ladies.= Verses for Young People. By MARGARET E. SANGSTER, Author of "On the Road Home," etc. Illustrated. 16mo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.

By W. J. HENDERSON

=Afloat with the Flag.= By W. J. HENDERSON, Author of "Sea Yarns for Boys," etc. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $1.25.

* * * * *

HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, New York

BOBBIE'S DECLAMATION.

I'm very fond of talking,
But I do not like to speak;
This class in declamation
Is a thing that makes me weak.

To speak a piece is not much fun,
At least not to my eye;
'Tis better far, as you'll agree,
To eat a piece--of pie.

GASTON V. DRAKE.

A GOOD REPLY.

A number of prominent literary men were at one time gathered together in a well-known chop-house in New York. The conversation was, of course, brilliant, and the repartee sparkled with mirth and wit. During a lull in the talk the door was slowly opened, and an old Southern darky, grizzled with age, poked his head in, and then slowly drew his body after him. A waiter immediately started to eject him, when one of the gentlemen cried out, "Wait a moment! let's see what he wants!" The old darky hobbled up to the table where this gentleman sat, and held out his hat. Throwing a wink to his neighbors, the gentleman took the hat, and making a show of placing something into it, bravely passed it on to the next gentleman, who did likewise. The hat made a tour of the entire room, to the puzzled wonder of the darky. The last man to receive it solemnly handed it back, with a very polite bow, saying, "There, sir, don't you think you have something to be thankful for?" The old darky looked slowly round the company, and mechanically taking the hat said, "Gen'men, I's indeed tankful dat I's eben got de hat back." The reply was so thoroughly enjoyed by the company that the old darky left the place a much richer man than he had entered it.

* * * * *

"I don't see why it is," said Ethel, "that they begin the new year in January, when everything is all dead and cold and horrid. I should think they'd begin it in April, when the little buds begin to burst out on the trees, and the grass and crocuses and things begin to come up. Then everything looks new, and it would seem more 'propriate."

* * * * *

WRONG AS TO SEX.

HEBER. "Papa, we call a war between people of the same nation an internecine war, don't we?"

FATHER. "Yes, my boy."

HEBER. "Wouldn't it be better to call it an internephew war? The nieces never have anything to do with war."

* * * * *

BOBBY. "Did you turn over a new leaf?"

JACK. "Yes, I did, December 31st."

BOBBY. "Why didn't you wait until New-Year's day?"

JACK. "Because, you see, if the leaf flies back again, I can say it was last year's leaf."

* * * * *

TWO BOOKS.

"I got a lovely book with movable pictures in it," said Tommy.

"Did you indeed?" said the visitor. "And what did the baby get!"

"He got a book with removable pictures," snickered Tommy.

A FAIRY JINGLE.

"Where are you going so fast, little maid?"
"To the beautiful story-book land," she said.
"And what do you think you'll see, little maid?"
"Just listen to me, and I'll tell you," she said.

"I'll see Mother Goose with her cap and her broom;
I'll kiss Cinderella in ashes at home;
I'll climb up Jack's ladder, if only to beg
A peep at the hen that can lay a gold egg;

"Or the harp that plays sweetly
Whenever you move it--
Nurse tells me that often,
But never can prove it.

"I'll learn without doubt,
If 'tis true all I feared
Of the six headless wives
Of cruel Bluebeard.

"I'll talk with Aladdin
Of his magic lamp;
In the seven-league boots
I'll go for a tramp;

"Drink milk from the cow
That jumped over the moon;
And eat from the dish
That ran off with the spoon.

"I'll dance to the fiddles
Of merry King Cole;
Hear the knell of Cock-Robin
Most solemnly toll;

"Drop leaves on the graves
Of the Babes in the Wood;
And talk to the wolf
That met Red Riding-Hood.

"I'll shake by the hand
Each old and dear friend,
My doubts all about them
Forever at end."

K. L. G.D.

MR. WILLIAM GOAT, JUN., IN THE CHARACTER OF CAPTAIN KIDD, MAKES QUITE A SUCCESS IN BARN THEATRICALS.]

End of Project Gutenberg's Harper's Round Table, January 7, 1896, by Various