Chapter XVI (2)

The prevailing notion about end-rush play is that the duty of that player is simply to turn the runner in, and to look out for the outside, as a result of which the end will often retreat to the side-line and leave an immense amount of territory to be covered by tackle, guard, and rush-line back. The end should take direction B D (Fig. 2), instead of B A on the dotted lines. He should go in on as sharp an angle and as quickly as possible, the aim being to reach the runner before the interference is formed, and to turn him in towards the centre or force him to run back towards his own goal in order to get around to the outside. The end should be careful to keep a little to the outside. He will always be able to take this direction, since his opponent seldom or ever plays in front of him. The territory to be covered when the end plays in that way will be from C to D instead of from A to D. The end, of course, is primarily responsible for the outside, and secondarily for the inside. The same is true of the guard. The centre is primarily responsible for both sides of the line. The primary and secondary defence of the different holes or parts of territory may seem somewhat puzzling at first, but it is absolutely necessary to secure consistency or firmness in the rush-line, as the strength and power of resistance of the rush-line depend upon the unity of the parts.

The tackles and guards should go through on as small an arc of the circle as possible in order not to pull the line open. The centre should hold his ground until he sees that his position is not attacked, and then take the nearest hole to the runner. The rush-line half should stand just outside of the tackle. The half should go through between end and tackle, as a rule following close upon the end. The ground between end and tackle is the most dangerous. The half should be in a position to help both end and tackle. If the runner turns inside of end the half-back should be there to pick him up if he goes outside.

The quarter-back should hover around behind the centre rush and help him in looking after the centre holes, at the same time keeping a sharp lookout upon the guard and tackle holes. He should play more of a safety game. At the same time, if he sees a good opportunity to go through he should do so. The quarter, however, should never undertake to play between guard and centre. How much of a free lance the quarter may be will depend largely upon the strength of the centre. The full-back stands the usual distance back, and should advance toward the rush-line with every play. The position of the players after getting through should be something like the dotted rings in Fig. 3. To secure this position, the men in the forward-line must break through sharply and cleanly, not occasionally, but every time.

When the opposing side is going to kick from some point between the two 35-yard lines, it is a good rule to have the ends drop back and out about five yards. That enables them, in case of a false kick, to get back to stop an end run, or, in case it is a _bona fide_ kick, to get back so as to protect the backs while catching the ball. When the opposing team kicks inside its own 35-yard line, the ends should break through with the other forwards to help stop the kick.

The University of Pennsylvania has a unique and singular style of defence used by no other eleven, so far as the writer knows. Its point of difference from that of other teams lies in the play of the tackle and the rush-line half-back. When the ball starts, the half-back takes the tackle and literally hurls him through the line on the inside of his man, while the half and the end take the outside. This scheme seems to work pretty well, the tackle almost invariably gets through, and if the play has not advanced beyond centre, he is in a good position to stop it. The hole between the guard and tackle being well protected by the tackle going through it every time, the guards face in toward the centre, and so protect the centre holes fairly well. The line from tackle to tackle is very strong in this defence.

Princeton's defence is marked by the constant playing of half-back between the tackles and guard. Many teams allow the half to get in between tackles and guard. This makes the line longer but not thicker. The half-backs to play this game must be good, big, strong fellows, otherwise they have no business in the line.

_Defence to special plays._--The defence to special plays depends upon the character or underlying principle of the play itself. To stop a closely formed mass play, the player or players against whom it is aimed should go into it low and hard with the shoulders and fall flat. A loosely formed mass play should be stopped by ripping through the players to the runner. Such a play is hard to pile up, and lying down in front of it does little or no good. When a wedge is directed upon centre, the three centre men should go into it with head and shoulders, first shoving the apex in, and thus opening the wedge and forcing the runner to the outside. After shoving in the apex, the three men naturally fall flat, and thus prevent further progress over them, and the other men take care of the flanks of the line.

The old revolving wedge is a difficult play to stop. Like the push-ball, you can hardly tell which side you are pushing for; so the only way to stop it is to get inside of it to the runner. To lie down in front of it, and tackle all legs in sight may result in having the play roll around you and on you; besides, you cannot tackle a man who has not the ball.

Momentum plays may be easily stopped by allowing the flying men to pass you and not strike you. If a man stands with his body well forward and his arms outstretched in front of him, he can bear off to one side or swing to one side the man who tries to hit and get him out of the way. The ancient criss-cross trick, which very often succeeds, may be stopped by simply having the forwards go through every time, and not run behind their own line. Finally, there is but one way to stop all trick plays, and that is to keep your eyes on the ball. It does not matter which way the men run--watch the ball and follow that.

_Defence to different parts of the field, and defensive generalship._--In general, the defence to all parts of the field should be equally strong, but there are parts where the offensive eleven redoubles its efforts, and to successfully oppose it the defensive team must do the same. When a team is within its own 20-yard line on the defensive, the full-back, instead of standing back near the goal, should come up to within four or five yards of the line, as he can be of infinitely more service then in re-enforcing the line. The object should be more than ever to prevent the opposing runners from passing the line. If the other side kicks, the ball will be more than likely to go over the line, so that the full-back need not worry about that.

The centre and guard may make a hole to allow the quarter-back to go through and play havoc with the play. Everybody should play for the ball. Sharp, desperate, active breaking through, added to the nervousness of the other side, will often get the defensive eleven out of a hole. When inside the opponent's 35-yard line, the ends, instead of dropping back and out when the opposing side is going to kick, should play up in the line, and go through to try to block the kick. The ends, to be sure, are at the longest distance from the kicker, but they may distract the blockers sufficiently to help some other man to stop the kick. In plays within the side-lines the short field should be carefully guarded, and a concerted effort made to force the play outside and into touch, thus making the offensive team lose its first trial to advance.

A team should never play slowly simply because the other side is ahead. It is an unfair practice, and unquestionably poor generalship. The other side, seeing that it has an easy thing, will simply play all the more boldly; whereas a constant, stubborn resistance, a "die-in-the-last-ditch" defence, will keep the other side guessing all the time. But often a team may find itself being pushed steadily back towards its own goal, and with no apparent good reason. The cause may be simply a little nervousness on the part of the men, and if the captain will simply call time a moment, the result often is that the men get right together and steady down to their work. A team that is forced to be on the defensive most of the time will do well to kick constantly and frequently whenever it gets the ball.

_Defensive generalship._--Defensive generalship consists in keeping the other side on the defence. The best way to defend one's territory is to advance into the other fellow's.

The same rule applies when a team is pushed back into either corner of its territory. In both cases the end on the long side of the field should keep a sharp lookout for a dash around the end. When a team gets possession of the ball in close proximity to its own goal-line, it is really on the defensive, as has been said before. The ball, more than likely, must be kicked from behind its own goal-line. Then it is that the full-back should exercise great judgment, and if the opposing forwards are through the line and on him before he can get his kick, he should allow a safety, and not give the other side a touch-down. Better give up two points than four or six.

* * * * *

The championship season of the Connecticut League will probably open on October 24, although the schedule has not yet been made up. But before that time a number of games will be played by the school teams in the League, and we shall be able to get a line on the style of the several teams.

The Hartford High-School will not have so heavy a football team this year as last. The average weight of the eleven will be about 150 pounds, whereas the 1895 team averaged 156 pounds. Thus far Allen seems to be the strongest candidate for centre; Weeks, Griffin, and Costello are the best men trying for guards. Griffin is new at the game, but he will improve; he weighs 200 pounds, and stands 6 ft. 2 in. Weeks is considerably lighter, but he can play good football; he is a lazy worker, however, and needs hard coaching. Costello ranks third in excellence, but should make the team if Weeks does not go in more seriously.

Strong, who played end last year, has been moved into tackle. On the other side of the line Bush and Marsh have about equal chances for the same position. Three men are trying for the ends--Calder, Breed, and A. E. Smith--the best work being done by the two former. Captain Sturtevant will keep his old place at quarter, where he did such good work last fall. One half-back and full-back were both on last year's team, E. W. Smith having been dropped back from centre, and Twitchell from end. Rowley seems to be the most promising candidate for the third position.

Among the New York schools training is now fairly started. Berkeley seems to be more advanced than any of the other teams, and another good eleven may be looked for this year. Berkeley loses its most powerful player, Irwin-Martin, who goes to college, and also its centre and two guards--Rand, Hayden and Lefferts--also one of the half-backs, Gallaway. But the right and left guards of the second eleven--Poor and Irvine--will more than replace the other two. They played nearly as well last year as the regular men, and they have now increased considerably in weight and strength. Poor is 6 ft. 4 in.; Irvine, 6 ft. 1 in. Poor was the only man last year who could hold Martin when he played up in the line.

It is probable that Wiley, the catcher of last year's nine, will go in and play half-back. He showed up well early in the season last year, but sprained his arm, and was unable to play in any of the important matches. Bien will be brought up from full-back to half, and Pell will go in at full. Centre will be looked after by Gilson, who is considered by his fellows to be far and away the best centre that Berkeley ever had. He weighs 180 pounds, and stands 6 ft. 1 in. There are a number of the second-eleven men and three or four new students who have turned out very promising candidates, and it is probable that before the championship games come on Berkeley will have developed some good team-work.

Hopkins, sub. c. Callger, sub. l.h.b. Linden, l.e. Ford (Capt.), r.h.b. Campbell, q.b. McGill, l.t.

Mackay, c. Gould, f.b. Boice, l.h.b. Steel, r.e. Gilbert, sub. l.t.

HYDE PARK HIGH-SCHOOL FOOTBALL TEAM.

Champions of the Cook County High-School Football League, 1895.]

The Hyde Park High-School team, which won the championship of the Cook County High-School League last year, was the lightest eleven in the Association, averaging but 135 pounds. Nevertheless, it managed to make the following record in the League Championship series:

Oct. 9. Englewood H.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 12
Oct. 12. Evanston H.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 28
Oct. 19. Lake View H.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 16
Oct. 26. English H.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 40
Nov. 2. Chicago M.-T.S. 4 H.P.H-S. 14
Nov. 9. Oak Park H.-S. Forfeited to H.P.
Nov. 16. North Division L.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 18
Nov. 20. West Division L.-S. 0 H.P.H-S. 16
- ---
Scored by opponents 4 H.P.H.-S. 144

The Hyde Park H.-S. eleven has already gotten down to work, and on September 17 played the Chicago University eleven, losing, 24-0. In this game Ummemyer played very well at right half, making a number of gains against the heavier college men. If he is well coached he should develop into a strong player by the time the championship series closes.

"TRACK ATHLETICS IN DETAIL."--ILLUSTRATED.--8VO, CLOTH, ORNAMENTAL, $1.25.

THE GRADUATE.

There is a story told of two well-known authors, both alive to-day, that has a good deal of humor in it. It seems that one of them had published a book in which a few lines were used that had been published in the other's book some years before. Through a round-about way the unconscious plagiarist heard that he had used lines that had been published, and he hastened to the original author protesting his innocence, and hoping that he had not offended. He claimed that he must have read those lines when they originally came out years before, and they had so impressed him that he wrote them in his book believing them to be his own thought. The original writer of the lines laughed the matter off, and humorously said:

"Pray don't bother, my dear Mr. ----. To tell you the truth about those lines, it's so long ago since I wrote them that I've quite forgotten whom I stole them from."

* * * * *

AN OUNCE OF PREVENTION

is cheaper than any quantity of cure. Don't give children narcotics or sedatives. They are unnecessary when the infant is properly nourished, as it will be if brought up on the Gail Borden Eagle Brand Condensed Milk.--[_Adv._]

ADVERTISEMENTS.

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This Department is conducted in the interest of Bicyclers, and the
Editor will be pleased to answer any question on the subject. Our
maps and tours contain many valuable data, kindly supplied from the
official maps and road-books of the League of American Wheelmen.
Recognizing the value of the work being done by the L.A.W., the
Editor will be pleased to furnish subscribers with membership
blanks and information so far as possible.

Having given in the last two weeks the bicycle route from Chicago to Ottawa, it may be well, before going into other parts of the country, to say something of the rides in the vicinity of Ottawa itself. As was said last week, there are a great many places of historic interest in the vicinity of Ottawa. The most interesting trip is from Ottawa to La Salle, and there are several ways of getting there, the best, so far as the immediate journey is concerned, being the one described as the bicycle route on the southern side of the railroad and the canal and on the northern bank of the Illinois River. Leave the Court-house at Ottawa and run westward. The roads are in good condition, whether you go north of the railroad or south of it, or, indeed, south of the river. A pleasant route is out by the County Farm and Asylum, past Buffalo Rock, and thence to the Sulphur Springs. Then, crossing the bridge at Utica brings you to Starved Rock, one of the most famous spots in the State. In the first place, it is here that one of the first settlements in the valley of the Illinois River was made. It is where La Salle first settled and made his capital of what was to be New France, and it has been the scene of many an Indian fight. From Starved Rock, a four-mile trip with some hilly road brings you to Deer Park, which is well worth seeing. From this point it is easy to find the road into La Salle itself through Oglesby. The trip may be made to extend over about twenty-four or twenty-five miles, and then, after having dinner at La Salle, the fifteen-mile run back to Ottawa by the direct route will make a day's ride of some forty miles that is as full of picturesque and historic interest as any ride of similar length in Illinois.

We have now given several trips in the vicinity of Chicago, which will of course be of special interest to the readers of the ROUND TABLE who live in or near that city. Having gone so far, although there are many other attractive trips in that district, the number of inquiries for routes along the Atlantic coast, through New Jersey, New York State, and Pennsylvania, is so great that we shall turn back towards the East, and for the next few weeks give some routes and tours in that part of the country. At the same time, if there are any particular routes of general importance which readers in Chicago wish to know about, and believe to be sufficiently interesting to general bicyclists, we shall be very much pleased to have information regarding them, and to consider publishing maps of them in this Department.

NOTE.--Map of New York city asphalted streets in No. 809. Map of
route from New York to Tarrytown in No. 810. New York to Stamford,
Connecticut, in No. 811. New York to Staten Island in No. 812. New
Jersey from Hoboken to Pine Brook in No. 813. Brooklyn in No. 814.
Brooklyn to Babylon in No. 815. Brooklyn to Northport in No. 816.
Tarrytown to Poughkeepsie in No. 817. Poughkeepsie to Hudson in No.
818. Hudson to Albany in No. 819. Tottenville to Trenton in No.
820. Trenton to Philadelphia in No. 821. Philadelphia in No. 822.
Philadelphia-Wissahickon Route in No. 823. Philadelphia to West
Chester in No. 824. Philadelphia to Atlantic City--First Stage in
No. 825; Second Stage in No. 826. Philadelphia to Vineland--First
Stage in No. 827; Second Stage in No. 828. New York to
Boston--Second Stage in No. 829; Third Stage in No. 830; Fourth
Stage in No. 831; Fifth Stage in No. 832; Sixth Stage in No. 833.
Boston to Concord in No. 834. Boston in No. 835. Boston to
Gloucester in No. 836. Boston to Newburyport in No. 837. Boston to
New Bedford in No. 838. Boston to South Framingham in No. 839.
Boston to Nahant in No. 840. Boston to Lowell in No. 841. Boston to
Nantasket Beach in No. 842. Boston Circuit Ride in No. 843.
Philadelphia to Washington--First Stage in No. 844; Second Stage in
No. 845; Third Stage in No. 846; Fourth Stage in No. 847; Fifth
Stage in No. 848. City of Washington in No. 849. City of Albany in
No. 854; Albany to Fonda in No 855; Fonda to Utica in No. 856;
Utica to Syracuse in No. 857; Syracuse to Lyons in No. 858; Lyons
to Rochester in No. 859; Rochester to Batavia in No. 860; Batavia
to Buffalo in No. 861; Poughkeepsie to Newtown in No. 864; Newtown
to Hartford in No. 865; New Haven to Hartford in No. 866; Hartford
to Springfield in No. 867; Hartford to Canaan in No. 868; Canaan to
Pittsfield in No. 869; Hudson to Pittsfield in No. 870. City of
Chicago in No. 874. Waukesha to Oconomowoc in No. 875; Chicago to
Wheeling in No. 876; Wheeling to Lippencott's in No. 877;
Lippencott's to Waukesha in No. 878; Waukesha to Milwaukee in No.
879; Chicago to Joliet in No. 881; Joliet to Ottawa in No. 882.

Any questions in regard to photograph matters will be willingly
answered by the Editor of this column, and we should be glad to
hear from any of our club who can make helpful suggestions.

VIGNETTING.

A vignetted photograph is one whose background shades off gradually into white, and is made by printing through an opening placed a short distance from the plate. The difference between masking and vignetting is that the mask or cut-out, is placed directly on the negative, and when the picture is printed there is a sharp line between the part printed and the part shielded from the light. In the vignetted picture the opening is placed a short distance from the negative so that the light is diffused, and instead of making a sharp line, the picture fades off gradually into pure white.

There are many devices sold for making vignettes, but the object of the Camera Club is not to tell its members how to spend money, but how to save it, by making many of the articles used in the making of photographs.

An empty plate-box cover is easily and quickly made into a vignetter. Mark on the face of the cover an outline of a size to correspond with the portion of the negative which you wish printed. If this is in the centre of the negative, mark the outline in the centre of the cover, and if a little to one side, mark the outline to correspond. Inside this outline make several cuts, and then tear the pasteboard carefully on the line marked. Peel off the paper so that it will be thinner at the edges of the opening. Over this opening paste a piece of thin tissue-paper, which should be of uniform opaqueness. The simplest way of attaching the cover to the printing-frame is to place it on the frame and hold it in place with two or three stout rubber straps. By marking a place on the printing-frame where the box is first placed, the print can be examined at any time, and if the cover should chance to be moved a little it can be returned to its original position, thus keeping the vignette in the same place.

When printing a vignetted picture, it is better to print in the shade than in the direct sunlight, as, if printed in the sunlight, the frame must be adjusted so that the light will enter the opening in a straight line. If the frame is placed in such a position that the rays enter in a slanting direction, the vignetted portion of the picture will not be in the place designed. Instead of pasting tissue-paper over the opening, a piece of ground glass can be placed over the cover during the process of printing.

To produce a very soft effect between the picture and the white part of the paper, take a piece of cotton wadding the size of the cover used for vignetting, tear a hole in the wadding a little smaller than that in the cover, and print as directed.

Sometimes one has a negative with fine clouds in the sky; but in order to make a print of them the rest of the picture must be masked in some way, or else it will be very much overprinted. One way of masking the part which prints too quickly is to cut out of opaque paper a piece which will cover the landscape part, following the outline along the horizon as carefully as possible, and place it over the landscape till the sky is printed; then remove and print the landscape part. Unless this mask is adjusted with the greatest care, there will either be a white line along the horizon or else a heavy black one, according whether the paper overlapped or did not quite cover the line. A much easier way to make the two printings is to take a plate-box cover the size of the negative, mark the outline of the horizon on it and cut away the pasteboard, and print with this over the negative in the same way as for the vignetting. When the sky is printed deep enough, remove the cover and print the rest of the picture.

The openings for vignetting may be cut in any shape desired--oval, pear-shape, round, triangle, etc.

SIR KNIGHT HARRY PATTY, of California, sends a long list of
questions, which we will try to answer to his satisfaction. Is it
better to take portraits out-of-doors in the shade, or is the light
more easily controlled in the house; should the light fall on the
sitter from his left or right side, or is it immaterial; what would
be the best arrangement of light in a bay-window with three
windows, the window being shaped like the half of an octagon; what
are the best colors for plain light and dark backgrounds, and what
material; is the flannel sheet mentioned in No. 806 white, and
would a white blanket do as well; are backgrounds always placed
obliquely to the lens, and at what angle; how near the camera
should the sitter look for a full face; should the eyes ever look
at the lens; how much above the sitter's head should the camera be
placed; what diaphragm should be used for a portrait; what method
is used for marking stops; how can one vignette heads; what
developer gives the best printing density for portraits; does metol
give flat negatives; should one use the quickest plate for
portraits; and which is the best of the Seed plates. It is easier
for the amateur to make portraits out-of-doors than in the house.
The article referred to gives directions for managing the light
in-doors. When making portraits out-of-doors it is better to
arrange the background, etc., in the angle of a building, as this
gives a more artistic picture than where the sitter is exposed to
the full light. It is immaterial which side the light falls on the
sitter. The window next to the sitter in the bay-window described
should be darkened, and the lower part of the other two windows. If
the sitter is an adult, and can keep still for three or four
seconds, it is better to cover the glass with thin white muslin, as
this gives a soft even light. The flannel sheet is white or ecru,
and a blanket would do as well. It should be far enough away from
the sitter to be out of focus. The best colors for a light
background are a yellow, white, or light gray, and for dark a soft
dull gray. The background is arranged to suit the picture, and is
not always placed obliquely. If the sitter looks just to one side
of the camera it would give a good position for a full face. One
should never look directly at the lens but just above or at one
side. A medium stop is the best to use for portraits; stops will be
explained in a later article; an article on "Vignetting" appears
this week; most professional photographers prefer pyro; metol
should give fine negatives; a medium-slow plate is best for
portraits--try Cramer Banner; the non-halation Seed's are fine
plates. The camera should be on a line just above the head of the
sitter, with the lens at a slight angle. This is said to give a
more equal focus.

SIR KNIGHT J. L. GOODMAN asks if he can salt the paper for plain
paper; if the ammonia is the same as that used for washing or
household purposes; and how to vignette a photograph. Directions
for salting paper will be found in No. 881 of the ROUND TABLE.
Ammonia for photographic purposes should be free from impurities,
and the household ammonia is therefore not suitable. Buy the strong
liquid ammonia at the druggists (liquor ammonia fort.), and dilute
it at once with an equal amount of water, and keep it in a
glass-stoppered bottle. An article on "Vignetting" appears this
week.

WALTER BAKER & CO., LIMITED.

Established Dorchester, Mass., 1780.

Breakfast Cocoa

Always ask for Walter Baker & Co.'s

Breakfast Cocoa

Made at

DORCHESTER, MASS.

It bears their Trade Mark

"La Belle Chocolatiere" on every can.

Beware of Imitations.

Postage Stamps, &c.

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STAMPS

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STAMPS on Approval! 50% disct. _List free._

W. C. Shields, 80 Sorauren Ave., Toronto, Canada.

Hold their place in the front rank of the publications to which they belong.--_Boston Journal_, Feb. 19, 1896.

HARPER'S

PERIODICALS

MAGAZINE, $4.00 A YEAR
WEEKLY, $4.00 A YEAR
BAZAR, $4.00 A YEAR
ROUND TABLE, $2.00 A YEAR

CURES WHERE ALL ELSE FAILS,

Best Cough Syrup. Tastes Good. Use

in time. Sold by druggists.

This is for Butterfly Collectors.

You say, "Some prefer to set insects on pins arranged to show their
colors to the best advantage, but this is not so good a plan from a
scientific point of view." Do you mean that you do not advise us to
transfix the butterflies on pins? What should we use in place of
pins? Is there any cure for "mites" besides camphor? How can you
protect your specimens from ants? Is not chloroform as effective
and less dangerous than the cyanide of potassium as a killing
agent? When you go butterfly-hunting in the country, is there any
particular box to keep them in until you get home? Must the
contents of the bodies of the big moths and butterflies be taken
out? Must their proboscis be stretched before they are stiff?

ELIZABETH CASTLES.
NEW ORLEANS, LA.

The very best plan is to raise your butterflies from the caterpillar. Then you get the best specimens--best in plumpness and in color. In arranging them in a collection, use the pins, of course. What we meant to say is that arranging them in the form of stars, crosses, etc., is not the best from a scientific point of view, because when so arranged they are distributed according to color. It is better to arrange by groups, male and female, egg, caterpillar, pupa, and cocoon if it makes one.

Camphor is the best for mites and ants. Used freely, it ought to prevent both. Chloroform is not as good as cyanide of potassium. The latter need not be dangerous. To carry your butterflies home in, some provide a tin box, light, with plenty of light cotton for packing. Contents of bodies cannot be taken out and the fly preserved in good shape. The proboscis should be stretched before the fly is stiff. When putting on the fastening-board, get into as natural position as possible. Self-reared butterflies should be killed as soon as their wings are expanded and they are perfectly dry.

* * * * *

An Arizona Indian Delicacy.

Are you interested in a description of a great delicacy of the
Hualapai Indiana, called the "army worm"? Since the heavy rains in
this part of Arizona the Hualapai Valley has been covered with a
species of worms called the army worm--I suppose because they
travel in regular armies. They are from two to four inches in
length, and of a yellow-green color. The Indians go out in the
valley in parties to gather them. Each member of the party--the
party is mostly made up of squaws--has a basket on her back. She
first selects a spot where the worms are quite plentiful, then sits
down and goes to work.

She picks up a worm between her thumb and forefinger, gives a shake
of her wrist to break its neck, and then throws it into her basket.
When she has her basket full she comes back to town. She takes a
kettle of boiling water, drops the worms in one by one, and then
strings them on a string and hangs them up to dry. When they are
perfectly dry the feast commences. They say they taste just like
fish, but I am willing to take Indian evidence for that.

FRANKIE L. POTTS, R.T.L.
KINGMAN, ARIZ.

* * * * *

DEAR ROUND TABLE.--In the issue of August 11, I saw a very
interesting account of the "American Thermopylæ," but as it is
probable that an injustice was done therein to the memory of Moses
Rose, I determined to write to the Table concerning what I know of
the affair. The gentleman who told me the story had heard it, I
believe, from an intimate friend of James Bowie's.

The last fatal days of the Alamo had come, and all knew that they
must die sooner or later. When the line was drawn, all crossed it
but Rose, who said:

"Men, I have determined to escape from this trap. I can speak the
Mexicans' language, and if I get away I will send help; if not, _to
die is as little as any of us can do_."

They all shook hands with him warmly, bidding him godspeed, and he
started on his perilous way. Fortunately he managed to elude the
enemy; but the whole night he ran on, over the immense
prickly-pears and cacti, in his bare feet; and when, at daybreak,
he reached a friendly camp and fell insensible, it was hours before
all the huge thorns which had penetrated his flesh could be
extracted. Two days passed before his consciousness returned, and
then his first words were, "Did you send them help?" Alas! they had
known nothing of the pressing danger, and in that short while the
American Thermopylæ had been accomplished.

A story is current upon the Mexican border that James Bowie was
dying at the time the foes broke into the Alamo. His room was so
situated that he could see everything that happened in the large
hall; and when the Mexicans had despatched all the other defenders
of the garrison, they made a rush for him. Bowie sprang up from his
bed, and killed fourteen men in the doorway with his terrible
knife, and then slowly backed toward the farther wall, a revolver
in either hand, bringing down an enemy with each shot. When his
ammunition had been exhausted he fell heavily from weakness, and it
is claimed that he was dead when the enemy reached him. How much
truth there is in this last story, however, I am unable to say.

V. BOWIE.

* * * * *

Kinks.

No. 37.--MATHEMATICAL RIDDLE.

A man being asked how far it was to a certain city, repeated the familiar ditty:

"Mary had a little lamb,
Its fleece was white as snow,"

and said he had answered the question. Had he, and how far was it?

* * * * *

No. 38.--DIAMOND.

A letter. A contest. Flourishes. Despoils. To get again. Immovable. A letter.

* * * * *

No. 39.--A DESCRIPTION IN VERSE.

For strength a very Hercules,
Emblem of endless motion,
And formed of what we know as well
As sailors know the ocean.
Man may control but not defy,
For at its mercy man must die.

* * * * *

No. 40.--THREE EASY WORD-SQUARES.

1.--1. A cardinal's cap. 2. A dwelling. 3. Colophony. 4. A proclamation. 5. Portable lodges.

2.--1. A tine. 2. A runner. 3. A yellow pigment. 4. An organ of sensation. 5. A grassy plot.

3.--1. Keen. 2. To revere. 3. To fish for. 4. Revolves. 5. A crowd.

VINCENT V. M. BEEDE.

* * * * *

Answers to Kinks.

No. 33.

Solution of cross-word enigma.--Central column of acrostic, _Cockade City_. Cross-words of acrostic: 1. Bracing. 2. Brooded, 3 Brocade. 4. Bookish. 5. Bleared. 6. Bordure. 7. Boneset. 8. Beechen. 9. Basinet. 10. Banters. 11. Brayles.

* * * * *

No. 34.

Parthenope.--1. A siren who, having failed to win the love of Ulysses, threw herself into the sea. 2. A Crustacean of the Indian Ocean. 3. One of the Asteroids between Mars and Jupiter.

* * * * *

No. 35.--A FLEET OF SHIPS.

1. Friendship. 2. Hardship. 3. Lordship. 4. Ownership. 5. Worship. 6. Mastership. 7. Guardianship. 8. Authorship. 9. Ambassadorship. 10. Dictatorship. 11. Judgeship. 12. Scholarship. 13. Horsemanship. 14. Apostleship. 15. Stewardship. 16. Tutorship. 17. Apprenticeship. 18. Penmanship. 19. Partnership. 20. Generalship.

* * * * *

No. 36.--TWO GOOD ANAGRAMS.

1. Alexander Hamilton. 2. Toussaint l'Ouverture.

* * * * *

For Amateur Journalists.

Mr. W. S. Beattie, 651 Madison Avenue, New York, says: "I extend an invitation to all amateur journalists throughout the United States, and also those in foreign countries, to aid me in compiling a 'History of Amateur Journals and Journalists.' Anybody who at any time controlled or contributed to an amateur paper is asked to send me a copy of such paper, or of any amateur paper they know of, together with the following information: When established? Number of pages? Average circulation? By whom established? When circulation was discontinued, if at all, and where was it published? Correspondents will kindly enclose stamp if an answer is needed."

William Saam, 1708 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, wants to receive copies of amateur papers, and he desires to edit a department.

* * * * *

Questions and Answers.

Henry W. Hill, who lives in Columbus, O., writes to know the cost of attending the Eastern colleges per year, saying that he gets the impression, from reading the newspaper accounts of football, baseball, and other games, and the list of sons of wealthy parents who attend these colleges, that they are intended mainly for the well-to-do, and that young men of moderate means or of no means are practically cut off from attending them. He especially asks the status of the poor student at Harvard or Pennsylvania. "Is he left severely alone?"

It is easy to suppose that a reading of the newspaper news concerning Eastern colleges would give the impressions here outlined. And yet we are sure that such impressions are not intended to be conveyed by the writers of the news. Let it be distinctly stated, and with emphasis, that the great majority of students at all Eastern colleges, and Western ones too, are sons of poor parents. There is no social exclusion of a poor man because he is poor--none at all. And this is emphatically true at all the colleges. In response to our inquiry, a member of the Faculty of one of the leading universities wrote thus: "Here is an average student. He maintains a creditable standing in his class, and finds time to play football, or the game his fancy dictates. He becomes acquainted with all members of his class, and many besides, and forms numerous warm friendships. He may take college honors, and is likely to receive honors on class-day. His life on the campus, in the class room, on the athletic-field, and at his boarding-club is taken as the measure of his real worth, and length of purse and of ancestry are of equally small value. And he lives comfortably on $500 a year."

Three recent Princeton classes, including honor men, were asked to give their personal expense accounts. Their replies show from $250 to $700 a year, with an average of $442.68. One student gives his account in detail thus: Dues, games, newspapers, $25; Books, $20; Car fare, $15; Clothes, $50; Current expenses, $50; and College bills, $240. Total $400.

F. C. Bears.--The origin of the term "blue stocking" is given by Brewer as follows: A woman's club met at the house of a Mrs. Montague, in London. Men were admitted, although it was a woman's gathering. One of the regular attendants was a Mr. Benjamin Stillingfleet, and he always wore blue stockings. It was one hundred years or more ago, when knee-breeches were in vogue, and the bright blue lower-leg coverings were conspicuous. Hence the name.

The New York Stock Exchange, dear Sir John L. M. Taylor, is a private not a public institution, and is maintained by fees assessed upon its members. It is not the same as the Produce Exchange and the Consolidated Exchange, which have members and buildings of their own. Peter Lindbloom, Baltimore.--The Table regrets it cannot undertake an elaborate explanation of the silver and gold question as you ask it to do. Apply to Congressional Campaign Committee, Washington. D. C., or to State or National Campaign Committee of either party. Simply write a letter containing a brief statement of what documents you desire. They are usually sent free.

This Department is conducted in the interest of stamp and coin
collectors, and the Editor will be pleased to answer any question
on these subjects so far as possible. Correspondents should address
Editor Stamp Department.

The new Trinidad stamps are on the market, and make a handsome set. The central figure is Britannia, and the values are printed in different colors.

1/2 penny, mauve, value in green.
1 penny, mauve, value in red.
2-1/2 penny, mauve, value in blue.
4 penny, mauve, value in orange.
5 penny, mauve, value in mauve.
6 penny, mauve, value in black.
1 shilling, green, value in red.
5 shilling, green, value in vermillion.
10 shilling, green, value in blue.
1 pound, green, value in red.

The last three are double the size of the smaller values.

The proposed New York Philatelic Club house is still in the air. Over one hundred subscriptions of $25 each have been received, and new subscribers are coming in every day, but the difficulty of obtaining a suitable house has blocked the plan for the present. The committee has been offered several houses at a rent of $2000 per year, but this is a little more than they care to pay at present. In London there has been no such difficulty.

I cannot too strongly impress upon collectors the necessity of handling valuable stamps with care. A startling instance has just come under my observation. I was shown an album the owner of which collected stamps from 1868 to 1875 inclusive. Page after page was filled, with all the stamps in the spaces set apart for them, stamps of which large dealers to-day have no stock. Had the stamps been in good condition, the value of the collection would be four or five thousand dollars. If in "first-class" condition, it would be difficult to duplicate at six or seven thousand dollars. Yet this collection was offered to all the dealers in the city for four hundred dollars, and not one of them would buy it. It was at last sold for three hundred and fifty dollars, and the dealer who bought it would have been glad to have sold it at once at an advance of twenty-five or fifty dollars. An inspection of the album by lovers of stamps almost brought tears to their eyes at seeing the way rare stamps had been maltreated. Hardly one scarce or rare stamp had escaped mutilation--perforations trimmed, pieces torn out of the body of the stamp, corners gone, backs "skinned," face of stamps rubbed, creased, or dirtied--in fact, almost every philatelic mistake possible had been made, and a fine collection utterly ruined. As a matter of course, in many instances the commonest stamps were in good, and in some cases in mint, condition. The explanation of this fact is that the commonest stamps had been replaced by better copies when the originals were torn, whereas the scarce stamps were scarce, and could not so easily be replaced.

GEORGE WERNER, 277 Fairmont Ave., Newark, N.J., wishes to exchange
with collectors in British colonies and South American countries.

PHILATUS.

'Tis wisest to economize
By blending, in the home supplies,
The highest worth and widest scope.
Now Ivory, being pure and good
For laundry, bath and toilet, would
Save fully half the bills for soap.

Copyright, 1896 by the Procter & Gamble Co., Cin'ti.

EARN A TRICYCLE.

We wish to introduce our Teas. Sell 30 lbs. and we will give you a Fairy Tricycle; sell 25 lbs. for a Solid Silver Watch and Chain; 50 lbs. for a Gold Watch and Chain; 75 lbs. for a Bicycle; 10 lbs. for a Gold Ring. Write for catalog and order sheet Dept. I

W. G. BAKER,

Springfield, Mass.

HARPER'S NEW CATALOGUE,

Thoroughly revised, classified, and indexed, will be sent by mail to any address on receipt of ten cents.

SHAKESPEARE THE BOY

With Sketches of the Home and School Life, the Games and Sports, the Manners, Customs, and Folk-lore of the Time. By WILLIAM J. ROLFE, Litt.D., Editor of "Rolfe's English Classics," etc. Illustrated. Post 8vo, Cloth, $1.25.

Dr. Rolfe has in this book combined all that we know of the youth
of the poet with all that is on record of the life of the time, as
it affected boys. In other words, he has described the games
Shakespeare played, the amusements of the country-side, the school
and the lessons taught, the training at home and the town life. He
gives a picture of Stratford-on-Avon as it must have been then, and
incidentally calls attention to the influences which affected the
character of the great dramatist while growing up.

* * * * *

BY THOMAS W. KNOX

THE "BOY TRAVELLERS" SERIES

ADVENTURES OF TWO YOUTHS--

IN THE LEVANT.
IN SOUTHERN EUROPE.
IN CENTRAL EUROPE.
IN NORTHERN EUROPE.
IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.
IN MEXICO.
IN AUSTRALASIA.
ON THE CONGO.
IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
IN SOUTH AMERICA.
IN CENTRAL AFRICA.
IN EGYPT AND PALESTINE.
IN CEYLON AND INDIA.
IN SIAM AND JAVA.
IN JAPAN AND CHINA.

Copiously Illustrated. Square 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $3.00 per vol.

_OTHER BOOKS BY COLONEL KNOX:_

THE YOUNG NIMRODS IN NORTH AMERICA.
THE YOUNG NIMRODS AROUND THE WORLD.

2 vols. Copiously Illustrated. Square 8vo, Cloth, Ornamental, $2.50 each.

* * * * *

HARPER & BROTHERS, Publishers, New York

"IT IS THE UNEXPECTED THAT HAPPENS."

* * * * *

OVERHEARD IN A HOTEL.

"Let's get up a game of ball," said the Tennis Racket.

"All right," said the Big Fiddle. "I'll play first base."

"And I," said the china Water-Jug, "will take my usual position of pitcher."

* * * * *

Patrick was the captain of a brick-schooner that plied between New York and Haverstraw on the Hudson. One day his schooner was loaded, ready to start for New York. But Patrick never gave the word to the crew to cast off the hawsers and get under way. Instead, he sat lazily swinging his leg over the spokes of the wheel, smoking his pipe.

The owner of the brick-yard, who was also the owner of the schooner, seeing that the vessel had not started, and wishing to have the load landed in New York as soon as possible, rushed down to the dock and irately demanded of Patrick why he did not get under way.

"Shure, yer honor, there's no wind."

"No wind! Why, what's the matter with you? There's Lawson's schooner under sail, going down the river now."

"Yis, I've been er watchin' her, but it's useless my gettin' under way. She's got the wind now, and, faith, there's not enough of it fer two."

* * * * *

AT THE MOUNTAIN HOUSE.

"Say, Billie," Jacky whispered, gleefully, "this place is simply fine. It costs thirty-five cents to take a bath, and I guess we won't have to take 'em every five minutes, the way we do at home, when pa finds that out."

* * * * *

The water in the bucket was very muddy, and the farmer had poured it out on the ground.

"You mortify me dreadfully," said the Bucket to the Water, after the farmer had gone. "The idea of your getting so dirty; and everybody will blame me, because I've brought you up."

* * * * *

NOT THAT KIND.

"Hullo!" said Bobbie to the violin-player in the hotel orchestra. "Wouldn't you rather be at the sea-shore than here on a hot day like this?"

"No," said the violin-player, "You know I'm not a sand-fiddler."

* * * * *

WHAT HE WAS AFRAID OF.

"I wonder why that dog howls so every time the band plays?"

"I guess maybe he's afraid somebody will put the band around his neck."

* * * * *

"How do you feel this morning?" asked the Butterfly of the Caterpillar.

"Oh, kind of creepy," said the Caterpillar.

* * * * *

"Look at that old Centipede with his hundred legs--how proud he is!" said the Beetle.

"Yes; and how absurdly so," returned the Katydid. "With all hundred of 'em he couldn't ride a bicycle!"

* * * * *

"My name is a great one," said the Lettuce head. "It has been spoken by one of the most illustrious soldiers of modern times, and is, in fact, engraved upon most of his monuments."

"Your name?" cried the Egg-plant. "Nonsense!"

"It is true," said the Lettuce head. "The soldier's name was Grant, and on all his statues you are likely to find his famous words Lettuce Have Peace."

* * * * *

"I tell you," said the Shepherd's Dog, "our lambs know how to treat those geese."

"What do they do?" asked the Cow.

"Why, only this morning as we passed them the geese hissed us, and those lambs simply looked at 'em scornfully, and said, 'Bah!'"

* * * * *

"Do you like fishing?" asked the Carrot of the Angle-worm.

"Well--yes," said the Angle-worm. "That is, I like it down near the Jersey coast better than in the mountains."

"What's the difference?" asked the Carrot.

"It's pleasanter for me fishing 'off the Hook' than on it," explained the worm.

* * * * *

The Cabbage and the Beet had had a race, and the Cabbage won.

"It couldn't be otherwise," sighed the Beet. "The Cabbage was made to come out a head, and I to be Beet."

* * * * *

"That squash is the funniest-looking squash I ever saw," said the Turnip to the Potato. "He's round and flat like a pin-cushion. Looks as if somebody'd stepped on him."

"Yes," said the Potato. "He looks more like a squush than a squash."

* * * * *

"I wish you'd keep quiet," said the Dormouse to the Corn-stalk. "You make so much noise I can't sleep."

"Well, if you had as many corns as I have, you wouldn't be a bit quieter," retorted the Corn-stalk.