Chapter II: Part II: Trap-Door Spiders

Plate VII., p. 88, fig. A.--The nest of _Cteniza fodiens_, the
lower part of which is seen in section lying in the earth, the
door is artificially represented as partly open; A 1, surface
of the door viewed from above; A 2, the spider; A 3, the spider
deprived of its legs, from a specimen preserved in spirits [figs.
A, A 1, A 2, and A 3, are of the natural size]; A 4, the spider
viewed sideways, with the legs removed; A 5, the eyes, viewed
from above and in front; A 6, the cephalothorax and falces; A 7,
the left hand falx, viewed from the inner side; A 8, the fang of
the same; A 9, the tarsal joint of the foremost right leg; A 10,
one of the two larger and the smallest claw of the same [figs.
A 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, all magnified]. Fig. B, the door
of a nest of the same kind, concealed by lichens, below which,
on the left hand, the doors of two minute nests of _Nemesia
meridionalis_ are seen; B 1, the same, with the doors open; C,
the door and mouth of tube of a nest similar to that at A; C 1,
the upper surface of this door, which is slightly convex.

Plate VIII., p. 94, fig. A.--The nest of _Nemesia cæmentaria_;
A 1, the door of the same, partially open; A 2, the spider; A
3, the same deprived of its legs, from a specimen preserved in
spirits [figs. A, A 1, 2, and 3, of the natural size]; figs. A
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 as in Plate VII., and magnified; B, a
moss-covered lump of earth, in which the door of a nest of the
same type as that at A lies concealed; B 1, the same, with the
door open; C, the door and mouth of another similar nest, showing
the claw marks on its under surface; D, the closed door of a
third nest of the same kind; D 1, the same, opened.

Plate IX., p. 98, fig. A.--The nest of _Nemesia meridionalis_; A
1, the open surface-door and mouth of the tube of the same; A 2,
the inner and upper surface of the lower door; A 3, the spider;
A 4, the same deprived of its legs, from a specimen preserved in
spirits [figs. A, A 1, 2, 3, and 4 are of the natural size]; A
5, the spider viewed sideways, with the legs removed; A 6, the
eyes, viewed from above and in front; A 7, the cephalothorax and
falces; A 8, the left hand falx viewed from the inner side; A
9, the fang of the same; A 10, the tarsal joint of the foremost
right leg; A 11, one of the two larger and the smallest claw of
the same [figs. A 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11, magnified]; B, a
mass of earth containing the minute nest of a young spider (_N.
meridionalis_); B 1, the lower door of this nest; B 2, the spider
[figs. B, B 1, and 2, of the natural size].

Plate X., p. 100, fig. A.--Part of a nest of _N. meridionalis_; B,
the new and larger upper door of a nest of this spider, with the
former and smaller upper door partially united to it; C, another
example of enlargement in the upper door of the same spider,
showing traces of two previous doors now incorporated. [All the
figures are of the natural size.]

Plate XI., p. 105, fig. A.--The upper part of a nest of _N.
meridionalis_ concealed in a plant of Ceterach fern; A 1 and A 2,
a minute cork-door, closed and open, which I saw constructed by a
very young spider [either _Cteniza fodiens_, or, more probably,
_Nemesia cæmentaria_] at the mouth of a hole in the mass of earth
containing the nest of _N. meridionalis_ figured at A. This hole
may be seen on the right of the fern. B, the door of a small nest
of _N. meridionalis_, as seen from above, in its natural position
in a steeply sloping bank; B 1, part of the same nest placed
in an upright position, and showing the surface door open and
the lower door closing the branch; B 2, the same with the lower
door pushed across so as to close the main tube; B 3, 4, and 5,
different views of this second door. [All the figures in this
plate are of the natural size.]

Plate XII., p. 106, fig. A.--The nest of _N. Eleanora_ with the
surface door artificially represented as being open; A 1, the
outer side of the surface door of the same nest into which mosses
of two kinds are woven; A 2, the second door of the same nest;
A 3, the spider; A 4, the same deprived of its legs, from a
specimen preserved in spirits [figs. A, A 1, 2, 3, and 4 are of
the natural size]; fig. A 5, the spider viewed sideways, with the
legs removed; A 6, the eyes viewed from above and in front; A
7, the cephalothorax and falces; A 8, the left-hand falx viewed
from the inner side; A 9, the fang of the same; A 10, the tarsal
joint of the foremost right leg; A 11, one of the two larger and
the smallest claw of the same [figs. A 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11,
magnified]; fig. B and B 1, the upper part of the tube and door
of a nest of _N. Eleanora_ which partially projected beyond the
surface of the earth and was clothed with living moss. [Figs. B
and B 1 are of the natural size.]

PART I.

HARVESTING ANTS.