Chapter III: Part II: Geological Facts

I. The Crack in the Floor of the Pacific 165
II. Hawaiian Volcanoes 170
III. Volcanic Activity 177
IV. Changes in Kilauea Crater 189
V. Foundation of the Observatory 194

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Giant Tree Ferns on the Road to Kilauea Frontispiece

PAGE
Fire Fountains in Halemaumau, Kilauea 2
Lava Cave 16
Decked with Leis of Plumeria 24
Hibiscus 39
Mokuaweoweo, Mauna Loa (in eruption 1899) 44
Asa-Yama, Japan 52
Ice-crested Chimborazo (Ecuador, S.A.) 60
Mt. Shasta, California 70
Mt. Rainier, Washington 78
Mt. Shishaldin, Alaska 88
Mt. Katmai, Alaska 98
Sunset over Leahi 108
A Storm on Mount Haleakala 118
Lohiau 128
Two Maori Girls in Ancient Greeting 140
Twisted Lava at the Foot of Vesuvius 150
Smoke Column over Mt. Pelée 160
Kaimimiki 178
Hawaiian Volcano Observatory 194
Map of Hawaii 204

Note:—The great volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands on account of their magnitude, gradual slope, character and location do not lend themselves to interesting photography, as whatever is attempted must be done at sea on swaying ships in rough channels some distance out and detail is lost, hence the illustrations in this volume include many of the vast craters forming the volcanic rim which surrounds that “Crack in the Floor of the Pacific” over which the Hawaiian Islands are situated.