Chapter II: Part I: Chapter I

THURSDAY ISLAND TO MURRAY ISLAND

Port Kennedy, Thursday Island—l’assage in the _Freya_ to Murray
Island—Darnley Island—Arrival at Murray Island—Reception by the
natives _Page_ 1-10

CHAPTER II

THE MURRAY ISLANDS

Geographical features of the islands of Torres Straits—Geology
of the Murray Islands—Climate—The Murray Islanders—Physical and
other characteristics—Form of Government _Page_ 11-21

CHAPTER III

WORK AND PLAY IN MURRAY ISLAND

The Expedition Dispensary—Investigations in Experimental
Psychology: visual acuity, colour vision, mirror writing,
estimation of time, acuity of hearing, sense of smell and
taste, sensitiveness to pain—The Miriam language—Methods of
acquiring information—Rain-making—Native amusements—Lantern
exhibition—String puzzles—Top-spinning—Feast—Copper Maori _Page_ 22-41

CHAPTER IV

THE MALU CEREMONIES

Initiation ceremonies—Secret societies—Visit to
Las—Representation of the Malu ceremonies—Models of the old
masks—The ceremonies as formerly carried out—“Devil belong
Malu” _Page_ 42-52

CHAPTER V.

ZOGOS

The Murray Island oracle, Tomog Zogo—The
village of Las—Tamar—The war-dance at Ziriam
Zogo—Zabarker—Wind-raising—Teaching Geography at Dam—Tamar
again—A Miriam “play”—How Pepker made a hill—Iriam Moris,
the fat man—Zogo of the girl of the south-west—Photographing
zogos—The coconut zogo—A turtle zogo—The big women who dance
at night—The Waiad ceremony _Page_ 53-70

CHAPTER VI

VARIOUS INCIDENTS IN MURRAY ISLAND

Our “boys” in Murray Island—“Gi, he gammon”—Character of some
of our native friends—Ulai—Rivalry between Debe Wali and
Jimmy Rice—Our Royal Guests—The Papuan method of smoking—A
domestic quarrel—Debe and Jimmy fall out—An earthquake—Cause
of a hurricane—The world saved from a comet by three weeks of
prayer—an unaccounted-for windstorm—New Guinea magic—“A woman
of Samaria”—Jimmy Rice in prison—A yam zogo—Rain-makers—A
death-dealing zogo—Mummies—Skull-divination—Purchasing skulls—A
funeral _Page_ 71-94

CHAPTER VII

KIWAI AND MAWATTA

Leave Murray Island in the _Nieue_—Daru—Arrive at
Saguane—Mission-work—Visit Iasa—Long clan houses—Totems and
totemistic customs—Bull-roarers and human effigies as garden
charms and during initiation ceremonies—Head-hunting—Stone
implements—Origin of Man—Origin of Fire—Primitive dwellings at
Old Mawatta—Shell hoe—Katau or Mawatta—Election of a chief—A
love story—Dances—Bamboo beheading-knife _Page_ 95-116

CHAPTER VIII

MABUIAG

Mabuiag revisited—Character of the island—Comparison
between the Murray Island and Mabuiag natives—Barter for
skulls—Economic condition of Mabuiag—Present of food—Waria,
a literary Papuan—Death of Waria’s baby—Method of collecting
relationships and genealogies—Colour-blindness—The Mabuiag
language—A May Meeting followed by a war-dance _Page_ 117-131

CHAPTER IX

TOTEMISM AND THE CULT OF KWOIAM

Totemism in Mabuiag—Significance of Totemism—Advantage of
Totemism—Seclusion of girls—The Sacred Island of Pulu—The
scenes of some of Kwoiam’s exploits—The Pulu Kwod—The stone
that fell from the sky—The Kwoiam Augŭds—Death dances—Test
for bravery—Bull-roarer—Pictographs—The Cave of Skulls—The
destruction of relics—Outline of the Saga of Kwoiam—Kwoiam’s
miraculous water-hole—The death of Kwoiam _Page_ 132-147

CHAPTER X

DUGONG AND TURTLE FISHING

A dugong hunt—What is a dugong?—The dugong platform—Dugong
charms—Turtle-fishing—How the sucker-fish is employed to
catch turtle—Beliefs respecting the _gapu_—The _agu_ and
bull-roarers—Cutting up a turtle _Page_ 148-157

CHAPTER XI

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS AND STAR MYTHS

MARRIAGE CUSTOMS: How girls propose marriage among the
western tribe—A proposal in Tut—Marital relations—A wedding
in church—An unfortunate love affair—Various love-letters.
STAR MYTHS: The Tagai constellation—A stellar almanack, its
legendary origin—The origin of the constellations of Dorgai
Metakorab and Bu—The story of Kabi, and how he discovered who
the Sun, Moon, and Night were _Page_ 158-169

CHAPTER XII

VISITS TO VARIOUS WESTERN ISLANDS

Our party breaks up. SAIBAI: Clan groupings—Vaccination
marks turned to a new use—Triple-crowned coconut palm—A
two-storied native house. TUT: Notes of a former visit—Brief
description of the old initiation ceremonies—Relics of the
past. YAM: A Totem shrine. NAGIR: The decoration of Magau’s
skull “old-time fashion”—Divinatory skulls—The sawfish magical
dance—Pictographs in Kiriri. MURALUG: Visit to Prince of Wales
Island in 1888—A family party—War-dance _Page_ 170-189

CHAPTER XIII

CAPE YORK NATIVES

Visit to Somerset—Notes on the Yaraikanna tribe—Initiation
ceremony—Bull-roarer—Knocking out a front tooth—The _ari_
or “personal totem” _Page_ 190-194

CHAPTER XIV

A TRIP DOWN THE PAPUAN COAST

The _Olive Branch_—Passage across the Papuan
Gulf—Delena—Tattooing—A Papuan _amentum_—A sorcerer’s
kit—Borepada—Port Moresby—Gaile, a village built in the
sea—Character of the country—Kăpăkăpă—_Dubus_—The Vatorata
Mission Station—Dr. and Mrs. Lawes—Sir William Macgregor’s
testimony to mission work—A dance _Page_ 197-210

CHAPTER XV

THE HOOD PENINSULA

Bulaa by moonlight—Hospitality of the South Sea
teachers—Geographical character of the Hood
Peninsula—Kalo—Annual fertility ceremony at Babaka—Canoe-making
at Keapara—The fishing village of Alukune—The Keapara
bullies—Picking a policeman’s pocket—Tattooing—A surgical
remedy—Variations in the character of the Papuan
hair—Pile-raising—Children’s toys and games—Dances—Second
visit to Vatorata—Visit Mr. English at Rigo _Page_ 211-234

CHAPTER XVI

PORT MORESBY AND THE ASTROLABE RANGE

Port Moresby—Ride inland—Vegetation—View from the top of
Warirata—The Taburi village of Atsiamakara—The Koiari—Tree
houses—The Agi chief—Contrasts—A lantern show—The
mountaineers—Tribal warfare—The pottery trade of Port
Moresby—The Koitapu and the Motu—Gunboats _Page_ 235-251

CHAPTER XVII

THE MEKEO DISTRICT

Arrival at Yule Island—The Sacred Heart Mission—Death of a
Brother—A service at Ziria—The meeting of the Papuan East
and West in Yule Island—The _Ibitoe_—Making a drum—Marriage
customs—Omens—Tattooing—The Roro fishers and traders—The Mekeo
agriculturists—The Pokao hunters—Markets—Pinupaka—Mohu—Walk
across the plain and through the forest—Inawi—War
and Taboo chiefs—Taboo customs—Masks—A Mission
festivity—Tops—Veifaa—Women’s dress—Children’s games—Return
to coast _Page_ 252-277

PART II

CHAPTER XVIII

JOURNEY FROM KUCHING TO BARAM

Arrival in Sarawak—Description of Kuching—The Sarawak
Museum—Visit to Sibu—Stay in Limbang—A Malay sago factory—Visit
to Brunei—Method and aims of Rajah Brooke’s Government _Page_ 279-294

CHAPTER XIX

THE WAR-PATH OF THE KAYANS

Leave Limbang—A Kadayan house at Tulu—Rapids on the
Limbang—Ascent of the Madalam—The Insurrection of Orang
Kaya Tumonggong Lawai—Enter the Trikan—Durian—Met by Mr.
Douglas—Old Jungle—Descend the Malinau and Tutau—Kayan
tattooing—Berantu ceremony in the Batu Blah House—Arrival
at Marudi (Claudetown)—Kenyah drinking customs _Page_ 297-311

CHAPTER XX

THE COUNTRY AND PEOPLE OF BORNEO

THE GEOGRAPHICAL AND GEOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BORNEO:
Arrangement of mountains—The geology of the “Mountain-land,”
Palæozoic—Mesozoic—the geology of the “Hill-land,”
Cainozoic—The geology of the Plains, Quaternary—The geology
of the Marshes, Alluvium—Recent volcanic action. A SKETCH
OF THE ETHNOGRAPHY OF SARAWAK: Punans—Various agricultural
tribes of Indonesian and Proto-Malay stock—Land Dayaks—Kenyahs
and Kayans—Iban (Sea Dayaks)—Malays—Sociological History of
Sarawak—Chinese traders _Page_ 312-329

CHAPTER XXI

A TRIP INTO THE INTERIOR OF BORNEO

The Lelak house at Long Tru—Skull trophies—The settled Punans
on the Bok—Sarcophagus in Taman Liri’s house—Divination by
means of a pig’s liver in Aban Abit’s house—Purchase of some
skulls—The Panyamun Panic in Sarawak in 1894-5—Commencement of
a similar scare—Administrative duties at Long Semitan—Character
of the Sĕbops—The fable of the monkey and the frog—A visit to
Mount Dulit—The Scott-Keltie Falls—The Himalayan affinities of
the fauna of Mount Dulit and of other high mountains in
Borneo _Page_ 330-351

CHAPTER XXII

A TRIP INTO THE INTERIOR OF BORNEO—_continued_

Ceremony of moving skulls into a new house at Long Puah—Naming
ceremony for Jangan’s boy—Peace-making—Conviviality—Malohs
desire to marry some Sĕbop girls—Sĕbop dances—Scenery on the
Tinjar—Burnt house at Long Dapoi—Panyamun Scare again—The
Dapoi—Long Sulan—Tingan’s matrimonial mishap—News from the
Madangs—A Punan medicine man—Panyamun Scare settled—Discovery
of stone implements—A native selling a stone implement for a
loin cloth to die in—A stone hook—A visit to Tama Bulan—The
unfortunate Bulan—Fanny Rapid—A Kenyan love story _Page_ 352-380

CHAPTER XXIII

NOTES ON THE OMEN ANIMALS OF SARAWAK

Archdeacon Perham on the omens of the Iban (Sea Dayaks)—List
of the omen animals of the Kayans, Kenyahs, Punans, and
Iban—Reputed origin of “Birding” _Page_ 381-393

CHAPTER XXIV

THE CULT OF SKULLS IN SARAWAK

Reasons for collecting heads—Head required for going out
of mourning for a chief—Kenyah legend of the origin of
Head-hunting—How Kenyahs leave skulls behind when moving
into a new house _Page_ 394-400