Chapter XXIV: Appendix: I (4)

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[783] ACHELIS, 91 _seqq._

[784] If this be the case, and it is not free from doubt, still the name of Arius was not read out “at the altar,” as ACHELIS states (87 and 98), for the martyrologies were not read at the altar but in the choir, and it would have happened only were the Weissenburg Codex in use, for other codices have different readings. The reading of the martyrology—not of the “Passions” of the martyrs—at the choir office dates back, as far as the evidence exists, to the ninth century. Bishop Gregorius of Corduba, whom ACHELIS (98, note 4) places at a very early period, is not an historical personage; he exists only in the list of bishops contained in the letters ascribed to St Jerome.

[785] In Codex 2171 nov. acqu. of the Nat. Libr., Paris, ed. by G. Morin in _Anecdota Maredsolana_, vol. i. 1893. _Cf._ præf., ii., viii., xiii., etc. [See also _Le Liber ordinum de l’Eglise d’Espagne du Vᵉ au XIᵉ siècle_, published by Dom. M. Férotin, 1904. Trans.]

[786] JOH. SELDENIUS, _De Synedriis et Præf. Jurid. Vet. Ebreorum._, Amstelod., 1679, lib. 3, c. 15, 204-247.

[787] F. WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium_, Gotha 1879. Introduction.

[788] LE QUIEN, _Oriens Christ._, ii. 453.

[789] MURALT, _Chronogr. Byz._, i. 286.

[790] LE QUIEN, _op. cit._, 452, 476.

[791] A. MAI, _Nova Collectio Veterum Script._, iv. 15-34.

[792] WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium_, 10, Hatur. The Patriarchs mentioned above are also omitted.

[793] LE QUIEN, _op. cit._, ii. 479 and 445-466.

[794] When the name of St John Chrysostom occurs more than once in the Byzantine, Egyptian, and Syrian calendars, it commemorates certain events connected with him besides the day of his death (14th September). Such dates are the 7th May and the 13th November, the 27th January is the day of his return to Constantinople, _i.e._ his translation by Proclus under Theodosius II., in 448, and is celebrated by the Greeks and Syrians. The meaning of the other two days is unknown; See Morcelli, i. 223; ii. 41.

[795] A. MAI, _Nova Collectio Veterum Script._, iv. 92-122.

[796] WÜSTENFELD, _Synaxarium, etc._, 97.

[797] _Op. cit._, 120 _seqq._

[798] MORCELLI, _Calend. Eccl. Const._ i., 227.

[799] MORCELLI (_op. cit._, i. 15), declares it is the oldest, and older than the Menologium Sirleti in particular.

[800] MURALT, _Chronogr. Byz._, i. 475.

[801] Both appear in the Calendar of the Syrian Church: Jacobus Zebedæi on the 30th April, Jacobus Alphæi on the 9th October, and Jacobus frater Domini on the 23rd October and 28th December.

[802] Printed in MORCELLI, i. 69-105.

[803] GAMS, _Series Epp._, 904.

[804] _Nova Collectio Script. Vet._, v., Romæ, 1821, 58-65.

[805] _E.g._ in Aurelian of Arles, † 553 (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxviii., 596): “In martyrum festivitatibus, etc.”

[806] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxxviii., 881. MONE, _Lat. und. Griech. Messen aus dem 2-6 Jahrhundert_, Frankfurt, 1850.

[807] Projectus, deacon of Bishop Evasius of Asti, appears to belong to the Lombard period, and his veneration dates from about the time of Luitprand (713-743).

[808] _Calendarium Romanum nongentis annis antiquius_, ed. F. Joh. Fronto, Parisiis, 1652. The title Calendarium is not well chosen.

[809] _Liber Pontif._, ed. Duchesne, i. 420.

[810] _Op. cit._, 402, Vita Gregorii, ii.

[811] _Introduction_, 98.

[812] [Much light has recently been thrown upon these calendars and their relation to one another by Dom. Henri Quentin, _op. cit._ Trans.]

[813] BEDA, _Hist. Eccl._ iii., 24. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xcv. 290.

[814] Printed in the _Acta SS. Boll._, March, vol. ii. Both recensions are placed side by side in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xciv. A “Kalendarium Anglicanum” is in the same vol., 1147 _et seqq._ BEDE’S words under the 7th Feb. are remarkable: “Britaniis in Augusta natale Augusti Episcopi et martyris.” The feast of All Saints is given on the 1st Nov. as well as the feast on the 13th May, whose transference to the 1st Nov. only took place later under Gregory IV. (827-844). No explanation has been given of Andrew with 2597 companions on the 19th August.

[815] WANDELBERT, ed. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxi. 577. See also cxix. 10, 11.

[816] And the same is true of the other works mentioned: _e.g._, FLORUS has admitted Gereon and 315 companions on the 10th October, who are omitted by BEDE, but he knows nothing of Ursula. WANDELBERT mentions on the 21st October flocks of virgins amounting to some thousands murdered by the tyrant in Cologne, whose trophies adorn the banks of the Rhine. Gereon has Cassius, Florentius, and Victor as his companions (MIGNE, _Patr., Lat._, xciv. 1067, 1078; cxxi. 614).

[817] Edited with an introduction, English translation, and notes by Whitley Stokes in the _Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy_, i., Dublin, 1880.

[818] Edited by the same under the title, _Felire hui i Gorman: The Martyrology of Gorman_, among the publications of the Bradshaw Society, London, 1895. See also _Analecta Boll._, xiii. 193. BELLESHEIM, _Gesch. der kathol., Kirche in Irland_, i. 239 _seqq._

[819] DÜMMLER (_Das Martyrologium Notkers_, _etc._, in the _Forschungen z. deutsch. Gesch._, xxv. 201), incorrectly dates it from between 860-870.

[820] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxiii. 146-178.

[821] _Ib._, 182-202.

[822] _Ib._, 292-419.

[823] _Ib._, 143, 144. Mosander, before Rosweyde, had edited the larger Ado by itself without the smaller.

[824] “Quod ego diligenti cura _transscriptum_ ... in capite hujus libri ponendum putavi.” _Transscriptum_ cannot be understood of mere copying (describere) but of re-editing. The Roman Calendar makes no mention of Old Testament names, Jeremias, Moses, etc., nor of Alban, Servatius, etc. Accordingly this _Mart. Rom. Parvum_ has not the importance which ACHELIS (p. 112) attributes to it.

[825] BÄUMER, 474.

[826] H. LÆMMER, _De Martyrol. Rom._, 19.

[827] BŒHMER-WILL, _Regesta Archiep. Mogunt._, i. 67, 68. The martyrology of Rabanus is printed in MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cx.

[828] MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxxxi. 1070. See also BINTERIM, _Denkw._, v. 62. “Cujas causæ nos utpote barbari et in extremis mundi climate positi sumus ignari.”

[829] LÆMMER, _op. cit._, 10-17.

[830] BENEDICT, xiv., _De Servorum Die Beatificatione_, i. 43, and iv. 2, 17. N. PAULUS, _Martyrolog. u Brevier als histor. Quellen_, Katholik, 1900, i. 355.

[831] [The reader will find much information bearing upon English heortology in the following works:—_A Menology of England and Wales_, by R. Stanton, 1887, London, Burns & Oates; _Die Heiligen Englands_, by F. Liebermann, 1889, Hannover, Hahn; _The Bosworth Psalter_, ed. by Gasquet and Bishop, 1908, London, Bell & Sons. Trans.]

[832] Edited by Ferd. Piper, Berlin, 1858.

[833] LANFRANC, i. 9. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cl. 472-478.

[834] HARTZHEIM, iv. 106, for A.D. 1307. The correct date, according to Binterim, is 1307. _Conc._, vi. 118, note 1, 1308. JOERRES regards the sixth canon as not authentic, _Röm. Quart. Schr._, 1902.

[835] HARTZHEIM, vi. 498.

[836] J. Braun (_Innsbr. Zeitschr. für Kath. Theol._, 1901, i. 155 _seqq._) contends that white was not the only liturgical colour in antiquity, and rests his contention on some representation (not miniatures) of the fifth to the ninth centuries in which yellow, brown and other colours appear. But “white” is not to be taken as meaning always “snow-white,” and the natural colour of silk and wool would border on yellow. The representations may have grown darker through age, or been painted over at a later date. At any rate the proofs on which he relies are not sufficiently strong to overthrow the received view which is based on many statements in original sources.

[837] SICARDUS, _Mitrale_, 2, 5 (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, ccxiii. 77): In colore pro qualitate temporis alternatur, albo utimur in resurrectione ... rubeo in pentecoste. The passage in Johannes Abrinc., _De Off. Eccl._ (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, cxlvii., 62) is defective and obscure. It seems only to refer to the high priest of the Old Testament.

[838] DURANDUS, _Rationale Div. Off._, 3, 18. The _Ordo Rom._ xiv., c. 49 _seqq._ of the thirteenth century mentions five colours: white, red, green, violet and black.

[839] INNOCENT III., _De S. Alt. Myst._, i. 65; MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, ccxvii., 799-802.

[840] For the history of liturgical vestments, see J. Braun, S.J., _Die Priesterlichen Gewänder des Abendlandes_, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1897, and a larger and more recent work by the same author, _Die Liturgische Gewandlung im Occident u. Orient, etc._, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1907. [Also J. Wilpert, _Die Gewandlung der Christen in den ersten Jahrhunderten_, Cologne, Bachem, 1898. Trans.]

[841] See THALHOFER, _Liturgik_, ii. 82, who points out this meaning in Micrologus.

[842] “Sacramenta” is found, amongst others, in INNOCENT I., _Epist._, 17, c. 5, 12; 25, c. 4.

[843] TERTULL., _De Exhort. Cast._, 11; _Apol._, 2; _Ad uxor._, 2, 8; _De Præscr._, 4; _De Virg. Vel._, 13; _De Corona_, 2; _De Carne Christi_, 2, etc. Tertullian uses “sacrificium,” _De Cultu Fem._, 2, 11, etc. CYPRIAN, _Epist._, 12, 2; 15, 1; _Ad Cæc._, 9 and 17, etc. AMBROSIUS, _De Obitu Valent._, 2, 113; _In Psalm._, 38, c. 25; 118, c. 48; _Epist._, 39, 4.

[844] _De Civ. Dei_, 10, 6-20; _Cont. Faustum_, 20, 18; _Enarr. in Psalm._, 33, c. 6; 106, c. 13; _Epist._, 54, 4; 149, 15; 159; _Sermo_, 137, 8; 310, 30; 311, 18; 345, 4, etc.

[845] BARONIUS, _Annales_, ad an. 34, c. 59.

[846] _Epist. I. ad Gundobadum_, c. i., and _Epist._, 3.

[847] _Test. De Anima_, c. 9.

[848] The formula in question runs: Ἀπολύεσθε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, _i.e._ “Depart in peace,” or, Πορεύεσθε ἐν εἰρήνῃ, or, Ἐν εἰρήνῃ προελθῶμεν. DANIEL, _Cod. Lit._, iv. 79, 131, 370, 449. “Ite missa est” literally means: Go, it is the dismissal.

[849] _Peregr. Silviæ_, ed. Geyer, c. 24 _seqq._

[850] “Missa autem quæ fit ... hoc est oblatio”; the passage seems to have been corrected. The other passage adduced by Professor Funk (_Tüb. Theol. Quartalschr._, 1904, 56) to prove the contrary—“fit oblatio in Anastase maturius, ita ut fiat missa ante solem”—ought to be translated: “the Mass took place earlier, so that its conclusion came before sunrise.” Missa here = the dismissal at the end of Mass.

[851] CASSIAN, _De Cœnobiorum Institutis_, 2, 7, 13 and 15; 3, 7; 11, 15.

[852] See LEO I., _Sermo_, 41, c. 3; _Epist._, 156, c. 5. Once, in _Epist._, 9, c. 8, we find “missa.” But the general employment of the term cannot be inferred from its use in one isolated instance.

[853] “Missa catechumenorum” meant originally not that part of the Mass at which the catechumens assisted, but the dismissal of the catechumens.

[854] For _missæ_ in the sense of the canonical hours, we may cite GREGOR. M., _Epist._, 2, 12; 3, 63; 11, 64; MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, lxxvii. 1187; in the sense of the Mass: _Epist._, 4, 39; _Hom._, 50, 8; as a general term for both, _Epist._, 3, 63; 4, 18, etc. As regards St Benedict’s usage, Fr. Lindenbauer, O.S.B., draws our attention to Mattins. It means dismissal at the hours: _Regula_, c. 17 (MIGNE, lxvi. 460), but Mass, _ib._ c. 35, 60.

[855] _Acta S. Ludgeri_, c. 20. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, xcix. 779.

[856] _Agathense_ 506, can. 30: “missæ vespertinæ.”

[857] _E.g._, _Braccarense_, ii., can. 64; _Agath._, can. 47.

[858] _Epist._, 1, 20, c. 3-5.

[859] As by Prof. Funk, _Tüb. Theol. Quartalschr._, 1904, No. 1.

[860] It was published by B. Georgiades from a MS. discovered in the Monastery of Chalki (Constantinople, 1885-86), then by Bratke, Bonn, 1891, and by BONWETSCH, _Hippolyts Werke_, vol. i., Leipsig, 1897.

[861] In Cyril of Scythopolis, the Arabian bishop, George of Horta (before 724), and Photius, _Bibl. cod._, 222, 163 b, ed. Bekker, and perhaps also in Germanus. The passages are collected in BONWETSCH, _op. cit._, xv. _seqq._, and partially in GALLANDI, _Bibl. Vet. Patr._, II. Such minute indications of time in so ancient a writer were too precious to be passed over.

[862] The _Liber Generationis_ (MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, iii. 651 _seqq._, _Corp. Inscr. Lat._, and FRICK, _Chron. Min._, i. 1-77) is certainly a part of the Chronicle of Hippolytus, as Mommsen has conclusively proved (_Abhandl. der Sächs. Akademie d. Wissensch._, 1850, i. 586 _seqq._).

[863] That interpolations of this kind were formerly made by unskilful hands is shown by the addition to the MS. belonging to Mount Athos, by the Slav translation: Καὶ Γάϊου Καῖσαρος τὸ τέταρτον καὶ Γαίου Κεστίου (instead of Sentii) Σατορνῖνου, the consuls for the year 41 A.D., which Bonwetsch has placed in the text, although within brackets.

[864] LEO ALLATIUS, _De Dominicis et Hebdom. Recent. Græcorum_, Cologne, 1648, 1400 quoted by Daniel, _Cod. Lit._, iv. 212 _seqq._ ALT., 181-221. NILLES, II. xvii.-xxi.

[865] The adjective is formed after the analogy of ἄκερως.

[866] ANSELM speaks of him, _Epist._, 3, 43 and 77; 4, 114. MIGNE, _Patr. Lat._, clviii. EADMER refers to him, _Hist. Novorum._, 5, 492 and 497. MIGNE, clix.

[867] It is found in MSS. among the works of the elder Anselm, to whom it was at first ascribed. Fr. de Buck and others set it down to the nephew, but in the earliest codex at Canterbury, belonging to the twelfth century, it is expressly described as a work of Eadmer’s. See THURSTON ET SLATER, _Eadmeri Mon. Cant. Tractatus de Conceptione S. Mariæ_, Frib. Brisg., 1904.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

GIVING THE CHIEF EVENTS RELATING TO THE LITURGY AND FESTIVALS OF THE CHURCH

1st cent. Reference to Easter by St Paul (1 Cor. v. 7 _et seqq._). Pascha nostrum immolatus est Christus. Itaque epulemur, non in fermento veteri ... sed in azymis sinceritatis et veritatis.

2nd cent. The 6th Jan. observed as Christ’s birthday in Alexandria by a section of the Christians.

3rd cent. The Festivals of Easter and Pentecost mentioned by Tertullian (_De Bapt._, 19) and Origen (_C. Cels._, 8, 22).

304. Evidence for the Feast of the Epiphany in Thrace.

320. Discovery of the Holy Cross by St Helena. Excerpta lat. Barbari.

321. Constantine the Great, by the law of 3 July, forbids law courts to sit on Sunday (_Cod. Theod._, 2, 8 de feriis i.).

325. The Ascension mentioned by Eusebius.

326. Death of St Helena at the age of 80, foundress of the churches at Bethlehem and on the Mount of Olives.

335. Consecration of the church built by Constantine in Jerusalem on 14th Sept. It was named Martyrium or Anastasis (Euseb., _Vita Constant._, 3, 25, and 35). The same day is also the Feast ὑψώσεως τοῦ τιμίου σταυροῦ.

340. Observance in Egypt of the fast of forty days mentioned by St Athanasius.

337-352. Under Pope Julius I., 25th Dec. kept at Rome as Festival of Christ’s Nativity.

354. In Rome, 22nd Feb. kept as Natale Petri de Cathedra, and 29th June as day of the Apostles’ death.

356. Translation of St Timothy’s relics to Constantinople on 1st July (Fasti Idat., _Hieron. Chron._).

357. 3rd March, translation of relics of St Andrew and St Luke to the basilica of the Holy Apostles in Constantinople (Fasti Idat., _Chron. Pasch. Hieron._, catal. 7).

360. The Festival of the Epiphany in Gaul mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus.

379. 25th Dec. celebrated for the first time as Christmas in Constantinople by St Gregory Naz.

380. Evidence for Epiphany in Spain (_Syn. Sarag._, c. 3). Theodosius the Great publishes a law on 27th March forbidding the sittings of law courts during the forty days of Lent.

385-387 (_circ._). The Presentation of Christ in the Temple mentioned by the pilgrim from Gaul in Jerusalem; also the feast of the 14th Sept.

370-380 (_circ._). Compilation of an Arian Calendar on Martyrology.

386. The Nativity of Christ celebrated for the first time in Antioch on 25th Dec. By a law of 26th Feb., Theodosius forbids unauthorised translations of the bodies of the saints, the dividing into parts of the remains of the martyrs, and all traffic in relics.

386. By the law of 26th Feb., judges of arbitration were forbidden to exercise their functions on Sunday. 20th May games in the circus and theatrical representations were forbidden.

389. Theodosius I. and Valentinian II. publish a law forbidding the law courts to sit for seven days before and seven days after Easter.

394. The relics of the Apostle St Thomas translated to the great church in Edessa (Socrates, _Hist. Eccl._, 4, 18; _Chron. Edess._, ed. Assemani).

395. Christmas definitely established in Constantinople.

398. St John Chrysostom chosen patriarch of Constantinople, 26th Feb.

399. Honorius and Arcadius forbid races on Sunday (_Cod. Theod._, 2, 8, 23).

400. The same emperors forbid games in the circus on Christmas, Epiphany, and during Eastertide.

402. Discovery of the relics of St Stephen, Gamaliel, and Nicodemus by the priest Lucian of Jerusalem at Caphargamala. Some writers date this 5th Dec. 415.

405. The day of the death of SS. Peter and Paul mentioned as an ecclesiastical festival in Rome by Prudentius (_Perist._, 12).

425. Theodosius extends prohibition of games to Whit-week.

431. Bishop Paul of Emesa mentions that Christmas had been introduced in Alexandria.

348. The patriarch Proclus has the relics of St John Chrysostom brought to Constantinople on 27th Jan.

439. The Empress Eudocia translates the relics of St Stephen from Jerusalem to Constantinople and lays them in the basilica of St Lawrence, 21st Sept.

440 (_circ._). St Leo refers to the Ember fasts in Rome.

448 (_circ._). The Calendar of Bishop Polemius Silvius of Sion for Southern Gaul.

452. Discovery of the head of John the Baptist, and its translation to Constantinople on 24th Feb.

470 (_circ._). Rogation procession introduced by Mamertus of Vienne.

491. Perpetuus, Bishop of Tours, orders the Advent fast. The two Festivals of the Nativity and Beheading of the Baptist celebrated in Tours.

492. The Festival of SS. Peter and Paul on 29th June adopted in Constantinople.

492-496. Pope Gelasius appoints the ordination of priests to take place at the Embertides.

500 (_circ._). The monks of Palestine keep the annual commemoration of the Holy Mother of God (μνημὴ τῆς θεοτόκου) in their monasteries.

504. The Emperor Anastasius has the relics of the Apostle Bartholomew brought to the city of Daras, on the borders of Mesopotamia, which he had fortified.

506. The Council of Agde (canon 63) includes the Nativity of St John Baptist among the festivals of obligation.

534. Justinian I. renews the prohibition against the sittings of the law courts on 25th Dec. and 6th Jan.

542. Candlemas celebrated for the first time in Constantinople on 2nd Feb., and ordered to be observed throughout the empire by Justinian. The patriarch Menas translates the relics of SS. Andrew, Luke, and Timothy to the recently completed basilica of the Apostles in Constantinople.

Before 565. Justinian I. builds a church of St Anne in the second region of Constantinople.

582-602. The three Festivals of Our Lady’s Nativity, Annunciation, and Purification said to have been introduced by the Emperor Maurice.

Sixth cent. The Sundays in Advent to the number of five appear in the Gelasianum.

592-600. Composition of the so-called Martyrologium Hieronymianum.

Before 604. Pope Gregory the Great increases the solemnity of the Litania Major in Rome.

609 or 610. The Emperor Phocas grants the Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV., who adapts it as a church, and dedicates it to our Lady and all the Holy Martyrs, on 13th May. Since then it has been called Maria ad Martyres.

629. King Siroes of Persia restores to the Emperor Heraclius the part of the Holy Cross which had been taken from Jerusalem.

650 (_circ._). Evidence for the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross for Spain in the Lectionary of Silos.

687-701. Pope Sergius I. orders processions (litaniæ) in Rome on the Feasts of the Annunciatio Domini, Dormitio, and Nativitas B.V.M.

731. The Ven. Bede composes his martyrologium.

747. The Embertides legally established in England.

769. The same in Germany.

781 (_circ._). The Octava Domini (1st Jan.) appears as the Festum Circumcisionis in the Calendar of Charlemagne.

Between 784 and 791. Under Adrian I., the Sacramentarium Gregorianum sent to the Frankish Empire, and introduced there.

Between 786 and 797. Paul the deacon compiles a Homilarium at the command of Charlemagne.

787. The second Council of Nicæa re-establishes the worship of images.

800 (_circ._). Compilation of the Menologium of Constantinople.

Between 827 and 835. Gregory IV. changes the Feast of All the Martyrs (13th May) into a Feast of All Saints, and places it on the 1st Nov.

835. The Emperor Louis the Pious introduces the Feast of All Saints into the Frankish Empire.

Between 902 and 920. The first Sunday after Pentecost kept as a Festival of the Holy Trinity in Liège by Bishop Stephen.

993. The first papal canonisation—that of St Ulrich by Pope John XV.

998. Abbot Odilo of Cluny introduces the Commemoratio Omnium Fidelium Defunctorum (2nd Nov.) in his Order.

10th cent. The Festum Conceptionis B.V.M (8th Dec.) appears in several calendars (_e.g._ the Neapolitan).

1000-1025. Composition of the Menologium Basilianum.

1068-1071. Adoption of the Roman rite in Aragon under King Sancho Ramirez.

1078. Adoption of the Roman rite in Castile.

1080 (_circ._). Gregory VII. fixes the number of Sundays in Advent at four, and suppresses deviations from the Roman custom of observing Advent.

Between 1093-1109. The Festum Conceptionis B.V.M. introduced into England by St Anselm of Canterbury.

1128-29. The Feast of Our Lady’s Conception introduced into some English monasteries.

1140. The same feast introduced at Lyons.

1166. The Emperor Manuel Comnenus puts out an order concerning festivals.

1198. Innocent III. enjoins the Bishop of Worms to celebrate the Festum Conversionis S. Pauli Ap. in his diocese as it is in Rome (_Reg._, i. 44). In the statutes of the synod held by Bishop Odo of Paris it is enjoined to say the Ave Maria.

Before 1216. Innocent III. regulates the use of liturgical colours.

1247. Corpus Christi celebrated for the first time in Liège.

1260. The Conversion of St Paul adopted in Cologne by Archbishop Conrad von Hochstaden.

1263. The General Chapter of the Franciscans at Pisa enjoins the Feast of Our Lady’s Conception for the whole Order.

1264. The Feast of Our Lady’s Visitation prescribed for the whole Church by Urban IV.

1298. Boniface VIII. raises all festivals of Apostles to the rank of Festa duplicia.

1311. Clement V. at the Synod of Vienne repeats the injunction to celebrate Corpus Christi throughout the Church.

1316. John XXII. repeats and confirms the bull of Urban IV. with regard to Corpus Christi.

1328. The Synod of London appoints the Conceptio B.V.M. as a holy day of obligation for the province.

1334. The Festum SS. Trinitatis enjoined by John XXII. to be kept throughout the Church.

1354. Innocent VI., at the request of the Emperor Charles IV., appoints the Festum Lanceæ et Clavorum.

1371. Gregory XI. institutes the Festum Præsentationis B.V.M.

1389. Urban VI. makes the Festum Visitationis B.V.M. a universal feast for the whole Church.

1408. Chancellor John Gerson finds fault with the number of festivals.

1416. Publication of the book of Nicholas of Clemangis against the increase of holy days.

1423. The Festum VII. Dolorum B.V.M. adopted in Cologne.

1452. The Feast of the Seven Dolors approved by the provincial Synod of Cologne.

1456. Calixtus III., following the precedent of the Greeks, orders the Feast of Our Lord’s Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6th Aug.

1464. The Festival of Our Lady’s Presentation introduced into the Duchy of Saxony, and, in 1468, into the province of Mainz.

1474. Sixtus IV. gives his approval to the public veneration of St Joseph and St Anne.

1477. Sixtus IV. inserts the Conceptio Immaculatæ Virg. Mariæ into the Roman Breviary.

1523. Publication of Luther’s little work on baptism in German.

1536. Cardinal Quiñones, O.S.F., puts out his edition of the Breviary for the use of the secular clergy. It was approved by Clement VII. and Paul III., and widely used, but withdrawn under Pius V. in 1568.

1536-37. The Devotion of the Forty Hours introduced in Milan.

1563. The Council of Trent in its session (xxv.) of 5th Dec. commits to the Pope the final arrangements concerning the details of the Breviary and Missal.

1568. The revised Roman Breviary published.

1570. The revised Roman Missal published.

1582. Reform of the Calendar by Gregory XIII. takes effect on 15th Oct.

1584. Publication by papal bull of 14th Jan. of the official Martyrologium Romanum prepared by Baronius.

1588. Sixtus V. institutes the Congregatio Rituum by the bull Immensa Æterni.

1596. Publication of the Pontificale Romanum.

1602. Clement VIII. takes steps for a revision of the Roman Breviary, and, in 1604, of the Roman Missal.

1608. Paul V. institutes the Feast of the Guardian Angels.

1614. Paul V. publishes the Ritual prepared by the Cardinal of San Severino.

1621. Gregory XV. appoints the 19th March as a Festival of St Joseph for the universal Church.

1631. Urban VIII. proposes a fresh revision of the Breviary.

1634. Revision of the Roman Missal by Urban VIII.

1642. Urban VIII. reduces the number of festivals (in foro) by the bull Universa per orbem.

1644. The Conceptio B.V.M. made a holy day of obligation for Spain.

1666. Archbishop Harduin of Paris suppresses the festivals of three Apostles and St Michael. These feasts were restored by his successor, de Harlay, in 1673.

1668. Publication of Thiers’ book “De Festorum Dierum Imminutione” at Lyons. Commencement of the public worship of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.

1669. Clement IX. institutes the Congregatio Indulgentiarum et SS. Reliquarum.

1683. Innocent XI., at the request of the Emperor Leopold, establishes the Festival of the Name of Mary in commemoration of the relief of Vienna.

1708. The Conceptio B.V.M. appointed a feast in choro of the universal Church.

1721. Pope Innocent XIII., at the request of the Emperor Charles VI., appoints the Feast of the Name of Jesus to be celebrated on the second Sunday after Epiphany.

1727. Benedict XIII. proposes a further reduction of feast days for Spain.

1741-1747. Commission in Rome, under the presidency of Cardinal Gonzaga, for the improvement of the Breviary. The legends were severely criticised, and much valuable material was collected for future use.

1747. Muratori speaks in favour of the reduction of feast days in his work “Della Regolata Divozione de’ Cristiani.”

1765. Clement XIII. appoints the Feast of the Sacred Heart. M. Gerbert writes his “De Dierum Festorum Numero Minuendo, Celebratione Amplianda. S. Blasian.” Benedict XIV. discusses the same subject (_Diss. de Festorum de Præcepto Imminutione._ _Cf._ _De Serv. D. Beatif._, 4, 2).

1772. New regulations for feast days in Prussia.

1788. Decrease of Catholic festivals in Prussia by Pius VI. This arrangement forms the basis of that now in use.

1802. Concordat with France, by which the feasts falling on week days were reduced to four.

1828. Convention of Leo XII. with Prussia concerning feast days.

1854. Definition of the Conceptio Immaculata and extension of the feast to the whole Church.

INDEX

Abbo of Fleury, 160

Abdias [pseudo-Abdias], 298

_Acta, The, of Martyrs_, 208 _seq._

Ado, _see_ Martyrology

Adolf III. (Archbishop of Cologne), 199

⸺ of Essen (Carthusian), 270 n.

Adrian I. (Pope), 344

Agde, Synod of, 68

d’Ailly, Peter, 274

Aix-la-Chapelle, Council of, enumeration of festivals, 22, 188, 194,
348

Alacoque, Marg. Mary, Bl., 126

Alanus de Rupe, 269

Albero II. (Bishop of Liège), 258

Alcuin, 72, 78, 116 _seq._, 222

Alexander II. (Pope), 116, 118

⸺ III. ” on rest from labour, 12

⸺ Severus (Emperor), 317 _seq._

Alfanus (Abbot of Monte Cassino), 322

Altfrid, his use of the word _Missa_, 436

Alvarus Pelagius, 260

Amadeus of Lausanne, 272

Amalarius, 67, 98, 160, 193

_Ambarvalia, The_, 190

Ambrose, St, on the date of Easter, 53 n., 73, 92, 93, 148 _seqq._,
196, 283, 334, 436 _seq._

_Amburbalia, The_, 190

Anastasius (Emperor), 286

Andrew of Crete, 236

Anne, St, festival of the Conception of, 242

Anselm of Canterbury, St, 248 _seqq._, 255, 445

⸺ the younger, 248 _seqq._, 255, 445

Antioch, the Lenten fast at, 99, 108;
Christmas at, 131 _seq._

Antony of Grenoble, 125.

Apostles, The, on the date of Easter, 54

_Apostolic Canons, The_, 41, 92, 96 _seq._

⸺ _Constitutions, The_, on observance of Sunday and Saturday, 12;
list of feasts in, 20;
on fasts, 91, 94 _seq._, 97, 106, 112, 114

_Arabic Canons, The_, 40

Arator, 284

Arcadius (Emperor), forbids races on Sunday, 19, 131, 135

_Arian Martyrology, The_, 282, 294, 349, 360;
_see_ Calendars

Arius (heretic), 360 _seq._

Arles, Synods of, 118, 436

Artemius, St (Martyr), 290

Athanasius, St, 55, 92, 149, 220

Augsburg, Corpus Christi procession at, 124

Augustine, St, 57, 72;
said to have composed the _Exsultet_, 81, 97, 100, 106, 113, 146,
156, 159, 168, 172, 217 _seq._, 223, 229, 283 _seq._, 303

Aurelian (Bishop of Arles), 210

Austria, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Autpert (Abbot of Monte Cassino), 278

Auxerre, Synods of, 61, 164, 171

Avignon, Synod of (A.D. 1457), 260

Avitus (Bishop of Vienne), 70, 192;
on the word _Missa_, 432

⸺ (priest of Braga), 223

Bacchylus of Corinth, 39

Baillet, Adrien, on the Lenten fast, 97, 210, 216 n., 320, 420

Baldwin (Archbishop of Treves), 124, 199;
statutes of, 423

Bardenhewer, O., 265

Baronius (Cardinal), _see_ Martyrology

Basel, Council of, 259 _seq._, 267

Basil II. (Emperor), _see_ Menology

_Basilidians, The_, 146, 167

Bäumer, Dom. (O.S.B.), 210

Bavaria, festivals for, 32, 201;
_see_ Festivals of obligation: _German States_

Bede, The Ven., on date of Easter, 58 _seq._, 231 n., 289 n., 297;
_see_ Calendars; Martyrology

Beleth (liturgist), 256, 280, 304

Belgium, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Belgrade, Victory over the Turks at, 105

Benedict IX. (Pope), 315

⸺ XIII. ” 31, 275

⸺ XIV. ” 32, 287, 302 n., 410, 420

⸺ Canon, the Ordo of, 222

_Benedictines, The_, and the Immaculate Conception, 250 _seq._, 255,
261

Benevento, Council of (A.D. 1091), 102

Bernard, St., 255 _seq._, 272, 274

⸺ (Bishop of St Davids), 250, 255

Bernardine de Bustis, 274

⸺ of Siena, St., 166, 274

Berno of Reichenau, 115, 160, 189 n.

Bethlehem, Christmas at, 153

Binterim, Ant., 62, 327, 420

Bolsena, The miracle of, 122

Bonaventure, St., on the Immaculate Conception, 258

Boniface, St., on festivals, 22, 80 n., 116 _seq._, 160, 164, 188,
238;
_see_ Lectionary

⸺ IV. (Pope), 324

⸺ VIII. ” 16, 280

⸺ IX. ” 267

Bonn, The Martyrs of, 373

Borromeo, Charles, St., 186, 327

Boucher [Bucherius] Ægidius (S.J.), 137

Braun, J. (S.J.), 430 n.

Brazil, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Brigid, St. (of Sweden), 274

Burchard of Worms, Canons of, 24

Byzantine Empire, festivals in the, 26 _seqq._

Cecilia, St., 315 _seqq._

Caius (Pope), 206

Cajetan, James (Cardinal), the _Ordo Romanus_ of, 85

Calcasendi, Abulaibsan Achmed, _see_ Calendars

_Calendars_:—
Alt-Corbie, 412
Anglo-Saxon (Winchester), 413
Arian, 352 _seq._
Armenian, 283
Bede, 218, 230, 287;
_see_ Martyrology
Besançon (S. Protadii), 414
Bologna, 411
Calcasendi, 26, 218, 225, 300 n., 331, 383
Carthage, 206, 286, 294, 316, 350
Charlemagne, 165, 282, 292, 300, 306, 412
Cologne, 307, 327, 332 n., 412, 416
Coptic, 168, 211, 218, 224 _seq._, 273, 299 _seq._, 312, 332, 338;
description of the, 381 _seq._
English (Church of England), 36
Floriac, 414
Freising, 416
Fronteau (of St Geneviève), 165, 170, 175, 179 _seq._, 293, 300
_seq._, 306;
description of the, 400
“Germanicum pervetustum sæc. X.,” 416
Gotho-Gallican, 230, 306, 413
Gregorian, 46, 211, 299
Jewish (Semitic), 15, 44, 46, 47 _seq._, 49, 51
Julian, 45, 46, 50 _seq._, 57
Luxeuil, 230
Mainz, 414
Mantua, 414
Mozarabic, 218, 230, 254
Neapolitan, 218, 245, 275, 282, 290, 293 _seq._, 300, 306;
description of the, 394 _seqq._
Nestorian, 283
Philocalian, 136 _seqq._, 151, 217, 350 _seq._;
_see_ Chronograph
Polemius Silvius, 69, 119, 169, 191, 217, 283, 351
Roman (of the 7th century), 411
⸺ (Modern), 421
Silos, 218
Stablo, 332 n., 417
Syro-Macedonian, 45, 46, 50, 211, 218
Toledo, 230
Tours, 412;
_see_ Perpetuus
Treves, 417
Vallombrosa, 414
Werden (Verdinense), 414
_See_ Ideler; Mai; Maimonides; Selden; Sonnatius; Tondini

_Calendars, Early_, 206 _seq._, 316, 345, 347 _seqq._, 410 _seq._

Calixtus I. (Pope), 185

⸺ III. ” 105

_Calvinism_, the festivals retained by, 35, 75

Campeggio (Cardinal-legate), 30

Capistran, John, St, 105

Capocci, Peter (Cardinal), 121

Carthage, fasts of the stations at, 97;
dedication of churches at, 195, 206;
_see_ Calendars

Cassian, John, 110, 128, 434

Cassiodorus, 141, 364

Catulfus, on the Holy Trinity, 117 n.

_Charistia, The_ (or _Cara Cognatio_), 302 _seq._

Charlemagne, 84;
Homilarium of, 165, 179;
Capitulary of, 188, 344;
_see_ Calendars

Charles II. (King of Spain), 275

Chosroes (King of Persia), 338 _seq._

Chrodegang, Canons of, 100, 188

_Chronograph, The_ (A.D. 354), 140 _seq._, 295 n., 306, 350 n.

Chrysologus, Peter, St, 163, 218, 230, 233, 265, 284

Chrysostom, John, St, 99, 108, 131 _seqq._, 143, 168, 170, 284, 324

Ciofani (Prussian agent in Rome), 33

Clemangiis, Nicholas de, 30

Clement of Alexandria, 39, 89, 141, 167, 437

⸺ I. (Pope), 205

⸺ V. ” 122

⸺ VII. ” 166

⸺ VIII. ” 16, 262, 266

⸺ IX. ” 262, 333

⸺ X. ” 270, 333

⸺ XI. ” 262, 271, 274

⸺ XIII. ” 127

⸺ XIV. ” 32 _seq._, 200

Cloveshove, Council of, 188, 403

Codinus, George, the _de officiis_ of, 27, 224

Cologne, Synod of, 123 n., 199, 258;
feasts for archdiocese of, 422;
the Three Kings at, 441 _seq._;
_see_ Calendars; Lectionary; Sacramentary.

Compostela, relics of St James at, 292

Constance, Council of, 24, 115, 125 n.

Constantine (Emperor), on the observance of Sunday, 9 _seq._, 17, 41,
74, 81, 136, 196, 281, 297, 328, 333

Constantinople, festival of the Ascension at, 108;
_see_ Menology

Constantius (Emperor), 149, 196, 281, 290, 318

Copts, festivals observed by the, 26 _seq._, 70;
Synaxaria of the, 105, 159, 238, 291;
_see_ Calendars

Cosmas Indicopleustes, 153

Cuspinianus, John, 137

Cyprian, St, 40, 72, 138, 146, 151, 206, 431

Cyril, St, of Alexandria, 128

⸺ of Jerusalem, 92, 135, 154 _seq._

Delahaye, Hipp. (S.J.), 320 n.

_Depositio Episcoporum, The_, 137 _seq._, 149 n., 318, 349

⸺ _Martyrum_, 137 _seq._, 149 n., 320 n., 349, 356, 375, 417

De Rossi, J. B., 138, 319, 365

De Waal, 289

Diocletian (Emperor), 205

Dionysius of Alexandria, 91

⸺ the Areopagite, 235

Dominic, St, and the Rosary, 269 _seq._

⸺ of Prussia (Carthusian), 270 n.

_Dominicans, The_, and the Immaculate Conception, 259 _seq._

Duchesne, L., Mgr., 315, 365, 368

Durandus, on Lent, 104;
on the Immaculate Conception, 256, 322

Eadmer, 271, 446

_Easter_, the centre of the Church’s year, 3;
history of, 37 _seqq._;
_see_ Martin; Nilles; Passover

Ebner, 322

Eccard, 137

Eligius of Noyon, 70

Elsinus, _see_ Helsinus

Elvira, Synod of, 110 n.

England, Feasts of the B.V.M. in, 271 n.;
Christmas in, 439 _seq._;
The Immac. Concept. in, 445 _seq._;
_see_ Calendars; Festivals of obligation

Ennodius (Bishop of Pavia), 81

Ephesus, Death of St John at, 297 _seq._

Ephrem Syrus, 129, 197

Epiphanius, 56, 128

Erfurt, Council of, 280

Erwig (Spanish King), 164

Essen, The _Liber Ordinarius_ of, 125;
_see_ Sacramentary

Ethelred (King), and the feast of St Michael, 331

Eucherius (Bishop of Lyons), 304

Eudocia (Empress), 224, 287

Eugenius IV. (Pope), 124

Eusebius (Eccl. historian), 9 _seq._;
on Easter, 41, 55, 90;
on Lent, 92 _seq._, 106, 149, 195 _seq._, 206, 211, 296, 308, 335,
359 _seqq._

Eustorgius (Bishop of Milan), 441

Euthymius, on the Assumption, B.V.M., 236

Eve (recluse at Liège), 120 _seq._

Exeter, Synod of, 252

Fabian, Pope, 205

Felicitas, St (Martyr), 138

Felix (anti-Pope), 149, 318

⸺ II. (Pope), 343

_Feralia_ (concluding day of the _Parentalia_), 302 _seq._

Ferdinand III. (Emperor), 275

_Feriæ_, origin of the name, 2, 7;
as distinguished from festivals, 14

_Festivals_, their two chief divisions, 3;
Jewish, 5 _seq._;
their classification, 13 _seq._;
increase in number of, 19;
first lists of, 20 _seq._;
in Canon law, 24;
large number of, 25 _seq._;
rights of bishops in respect of, 28 _seq._, 31;
their reduction, 31 _seq._;
of the Greek eccl. year, 442 _seqq._;
_see_ Feriæ; Paleologi

_Festivals of obligation in_:—
Austria, 424;
Belgium, 424;
Brazil, 428;
England, 426;
France, 424;
German States, 424 _seq._;
Holland, 426;
Italy, 424;
Poland, 32, 427;
Portugal, 427 _seq._;
Prussia, 32 _seqq._, 424;
Rome, 423 _seq._;
Russia, 428;
Spain, 427;
Switzerland, 426;
United States, 428.

Festus (Senator), 286

Flavian (Bishop of Antioch), 132

_Forty Hours Prayer, The_, _see_ Plantanida

France, alteration in festivals in, 34 _seq._;
Holy Saturday in, 83;
_see_ Festivals of obligation

Franchi di Cavalieri, 210

Francis of Assisi, St, introduces the Crib, 156

_Franciscans, The_, influence on the Liturgy, 15 _seq._;
and the Immac. Conc., 257 _seqq._;
and Visit. B.V.M., 267;
and cultus of St Joseph, 274

Frederick William II. (King of Prussia), 33

Fronteau, _see_ Calendars

Formosus (Pope), 308

Fulbert (Bishop of Chartres), 231

Fulgentius, 166, 168, 230

Gabriel the Archangel, 332.

_Gallic pilgrim, The_, _see_ Silvia

Gamaliel (Rabbi), on the Jewish Calendar, 49

Gelasius I. (Pope), 175, 343;
_see_ Sacramentary

Gellonense, _see_ Martyrology

George (Bishop of Nicomedia), 243

Georgius Hamartolus, 174

Gereon, St (Martyr), 373, 414 _seq._

Germanus (Patr. of Constantinople), 236

Germany, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Gerson, John (the Chancellor), 30, 274

Gertrude, St, 126, 274

Gerunda, Synod of, 61, 193

Glycas, on St Mary Magdalen, 314

Gorman (Abbot), _see_ Martyrology

Grammont, Peter de (Bishop of Besançon), 126

Gratian, decretal of, 24, 100

Gregory the Great (Pope), 76, 96, 102, 151, 159, 179, 192, 229, 343,
363, 407, 435;
_see_ Calendars; Sacramentary

⸺ II. (Pope), 343, 400

⸺ III. (Pope), 324 _seq._, 400

⸺ IV. ” 325

⸺ VII. ” 16, 186, 189

⸺ IX. ” decretal of, 24 _seq._, 199

⸺ XI. ” 266

⸺ XII. ” 276

⸺ XIII. ” 270, 276, 409

⸺ XV. ” 275

Gregory of Nazianzus, 130 _seq._, 151

⸺ of Nyssa, 131

⸺ of Tours, 192, 211, 237, 284, 314, 435

⸺ Thaumaturgus, 207

Gretser, Jacobus (S.J.), 419

Guyard (Bishop of Cambrai), 121

Heinrich II. (Archbishop of Cologne), 199

Helena (Empress), 107, 196, 333 _seq._

Helperich (Monk of St Gall), 74

Helsinus (_or_ Elsinus), 248

Henry of Ghent, 253

Henschen (Bollandist), 137, 210, 403

Heraclius (Emperor), 232, 338 _seq._

Hermas, on fasting, 89

Hetto (Bishop of Basel), statute of, 23, 198

Hilduin (Abbot), on the Martyrology, 365

Hippolytus (Bishop of Porto), canons and cycle of, 40 _seq._, 57, 91,
97, 99, 112, 141 _seq._, 146, 167 _seq._;
on the date of Christmas, 437 _seq._

Holland, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Honorius (Emperor), forbids races on Sunday, 19, 131

Hugh (Abbot of Reading), and the Immac. Conc., 248

Hugo (Cardinal-legate), approves feast of Corpus Christi, 121

Hunyadi, George, 105

Hydatius, on the date of Christ’s birth, 141

Ibsung, Katharina, her legacy for feast of Corpus Christi, 124

Ideler, on the Jewish Calendar, 49

Ignatius, St (of Antioch), 39, 209, 212

Ildefonsus, St (Bishop of Toledo), 227

Ingelheim, Council of, 24

Innocent I. (Pope), 76, 98, 292 n., 434

⸺ III. ” on liturgical colours, 429

⸺ VIII. ” 261 n.

⸺ IX. ” 272

⸺ X. ” 262

⸺ XI. ” 264

⸺ XIII. ” 166

Irenæus, St, 39, 55, 90 _seq._, 111, 141, 431, 437

Isaias, his prophecy on the Messias, 43

Isidore of Seville, 54, 67, 73, 254

Italy, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Ivo (Bishop of Chartres), Canons of, 24

_Jacobites, The_, 297

James of Landsberg (Carthusian), 126

James of Nisibis (Bishop), 355

James Pantaleon (afterwards Pope Urban IV.), 121

Januarius (Bishop), his inquiries from St Augustine, 57, 72

Jerome, St, 145, 153, 182, 273, 294, 300, 308, 364 _seq._, 431;
_see_ Lectionary; Martyrology

Jerusalem, practices observed at, 9, 62 _seq._, 99, 107, 112 _seq._,
152 _seq._, 171, 173 _seqq._, 194 _seq._

Joachim, St, in the Greek Breviary, 246

John, St (Apostle and Evangelist), 43

⸺ Damascene, St, 235 _seq._, 242, 265, 390, 448

⸺ (Bishop of Eubœa), 242, 246

⸺ of Hildesheim (Carmelite), 442

⸺ (Bishop of Jerusalem), 223

⸺ of Lausanne, 121

⸺ (Bishop of Nicea), 131 n., 135 _seq._, 154, 167

⸺ III. (Pope), 296

⸺ XXII. ” 118, 124

⸺ II. (Archbishop of Prague), 268

⸺ (Bishop of Strassburg), 124

Josephus, 143, 145 n., 155

Juliana of Retinne, 120

Julius I. (Pope), 135, 150, 154 _seq._

⸺ II. ” 276

Justin (Emperor), 174

Justin, Martyr, on Easter, 39, 44

Justinian (Emperor), legislation about Sunday, 18, 173 _seq._, 275,
281, 328

Juvenal (Bishop of Jerusalem), 153, 236

_Kings, The Three_, 441 _seq._

Lacordaire, Père (O.P.), 315

Lambeck, 137

Lanfranc (Archbishop of Canterbury), statutes of, 198 _seq._, 421
_seq._, 445

Laodicea, Synod of, decree on celebration of Saturday, 11 _seq._, 73

Launoi, 210

Lazarus, St, 310 _seqq._

⸺ (Bishop of Aix), 314

_Lectionary_:—
of St Boniface, 160
of Cologne, 161 n.
“Comes Albini,” The, 161 n., 306
of St Jerome, 182 _seq._
of Luxeuil, 67, 159, 180, 232, 238, 281, 397
of Münster, 161 n.
of Silos, 67, 101, 159, 166, 175, 340;
description of, 378 _seqq._, 397
of Spires, 306
Syrian, The, 225, 291, 294, 299, 331;
description of, 393
of Treves, 161 n.
of Victor of Capua, 160

Leo I. (Emperor), 267

⸺ VI. ” on the observance of Sunday, 10, 242 n., 312, 314

Leo the Great, St (Pope), 76;
on fasting, 94, 97, 100, 103, 106, 151, 159, 166, 183, 185 _seq._,
229, 306, 435;
_see_ Sacramentary

⸺ III. (Pope), 193, 275, 400

⸺ IV. ” 80 n., 237

⸺ XII. ” 33

⸺ XIII. ” 263, 276, 333

Leopold I. (Emperor), 275

Leslæus (S.J.), on feast of the Immac. Conc., 254

Liberius (Pope), 142, 147 _seqq._, 191, 207, 271 n., 318

Liège, Synod of, 258

_Liturgy, The_, in time of Tertullian, 9

Loménie, C. F. de (Bishop of Coutances), 126

Loreto, the Holy House of, 271 n.

Louis the Pious (Emperor), 325 _seq._

Lucianus (priest of Jerusalem), 223

Luther, on observance of festivals, 35

Lyons, Second Council of, 193

Mabillon (O.S.B.), 78, 159, 207, 237, 297, 340, 350, 397

Macarius (Bishop of Jerusalem), 335 _seq._

Maçon, Synod of, 21, 61, 158

Mai (Cardinal), Calendars published by, 322, 384, 396

Maimonides, on the Jewish Calendars, 49

Mainz, Council of, directions about festivals, 23, 194, 198, 238,
331;
_see_ Calendars

Maizières, Philip de, and feast of Present. B.V.M., 266

Mamertus (Bishop of Vienne), and Rogation processions, 191

_Mandatum, The_, 73

Manuel Comnenus (Emperor), reduces number of holidays, 26, 242, 245,
266, 288, 312, 329

Marcellina (sister of St Ambrose), 148 _seq._

Marcellus, his discovery of head of St John Baptist, 221

“Maria,” explanation of the name, 264

Maria Teresa (Empress), 32

Martène, on the blessing of Palms, 62

Martin (Bishop of Dumio), on date of Easter, 58

⸺ V. (Pope), 124

_Martyrologies_, 214, 273, 292, 297, 345 _seq._

_Martyrology_:—
of Ado, 288, 307, 312, 316, 319, 335;
description of the, 405 _seq._
of Bede, 293, 307, 312, 335, 341;
description of the, 401 _seq._
of Besançon, 327
of Corbie, 57, 306
of Florus, description of the, 401 _seq._
the Gellonense, 57, 413
of Gorman, 404
of St Jerome, 57, 288, 290, 293, 295, 297 _seqq._, 307, 312, 316,
332, 335, 340, 359 _seq._, 363 _seq._
of Notker Balbulus, description of the, 405 _seq._
of Œngus, description of the, 401 _seq._
of Rabanus Maurus, 312, 316;
description of the, 405 _seq._
the Roman (of Baronius), 409
of Toledo, 299
of Usuardus, 288, 307, 312 _seq._, 316, 319, 335;
description of the, 405 _seq._
of Wandlebert, 306;
description of the, 401 _seq._

Mary, the Blessed Virgin, position of her festivals, 3

_Mass_ [Missa], explanation of the word, 430 _seqq._

Maurice (Emperor), 237

⸺ de Sully (Bishop of Paris), 256

Maximinus (Bishop of Aix), 311

Maximus of Turin, 151 n., 169, 207, 218, 230, 283

Melito of Sardis, 39

_Menology_:—
of Basil, 156, 218, 242, 273, 291, 296, 299 _seq._, 312,
322, 331, 370, 390 _seqq._
of Constantinople, 105, 218, 225, 273, 300, 322, 338, 339 n., 387
_seqq._

Metaphrastes, Simeon, 266 n., 321, 329

Metrophanes (Bishop of Constantinople), 289

Michael of Atriba, Synaxarium of, 238, 386

_Micrologus, The_, 116 _seq._, 161, 186

_Missa_, _see_ Mass

_Missal_:—
Gallican, 197, 232
Gotho-Gallican, 67, 69, 76, 83, 101, 159, 237, 297, 397
Leonine, 114, 397
Roman, 103, 188, 399
Trani, 322
_See_ Sacramentary

_Missals_, The earliest, 214, 343, 345

Modestus (Patr. of Jerusalem), 236, 314

Mommsen, T., 137, 320 n., 350

_Montanists_, Xerophagiæ of the, 99, 110 n.

Monte Gargano, 332

Morcelli, S. A., 298, 390

Morin, G. (O.S.B.), 186

Naogeorgius, 200 n.

Napoleon I. (Emperor), his regulations for holy days, 34 _seq._

Narcissus (Bishop of Jerusalem), 39

Neuching, Synod of, 61

Nicæa, 1st Council of, 92, 106

Nicephorus (historian), 174, 328

Nicolas I. (Pope), 100

Nilles, on the date of Easter, 52 n.

Nisan, the 15th day of, 41;
Jewish celebrations on, 42, 53 n.

Nogaroli, Leonardo, composes office of the Immac. Conc., 261

Noris (Cardinal), 137

Normandy, Feast of the Immac. Conc. in, 251 _seqq._

Notker Balbulus, 292, 332 n.;
_see_ Martyrology

⸺ of Liège, 327

_Octave_, origin of the, 15

Odilo, St (of Cluny), 233, 326

Odo de Sully (Bishop of Paris), 164, 268

Œngus, _see_ Martyrology

_Ordos_ [Ordinaria, Ordines], description of, 347

Origen, festivals known to, 17, 106, 112, 127, 167, 172, 306, 308

Orleans, Synods of, 95, 98, 101, 171, 192

Orosius, on the date of Christ’s birth, 141

Osbert de Clare (O.S.B.), and the Immac. Conc., 248, 250, 252

Otgar, (Archbishop of Mainz), 165, 180

Otho I. (Emperor), 288

Otricus, (Bishop of Milan), 327

Oxford, Synod of (A.D. 1222), 252

Paleologi, The (Emperors of Constantinople), festivals under, 27

_Palms_, blessing of, 62, 67 _seq._;
figures carried in the procession of, 69

Panvinius Onuphrius, 137

_Parentalia, The_ (heathen festival of the dead), 302

Paschal I. (Pope), 316

Passaglia, on the Immac. Conc., 240 _seqq._

_Passiones_, of Martyrs, 209, 317

_Passover, The_, its connection with Easter, 38, 40, 41 _seqq._, 57

Paul, St (the Apostle), on the Passover, 44;
in Rome, 138

⸺ (the Deacon), 84, 165

⸺ (Bishop of Emesa), 128

⸺ IV. (Pope), 308

⸺ V. ” 263, 333

Paulinus of Nola, 169, 290, 319, 334

Peckham, John (Archbishop of Canterbury), 118

Pelagius I. (Pope), 296

⸺ II. ” 192

Perpetua, St (Martyr), 138

Perpetuus of Tours, his list of festivals, 20;
calendar of, 57;
on fasts, 98, 158 _seq._, 218, 286

Peter St (the Apostle), date of arrival and death in Rome, 138

⸺ (Cardinal-legate), 164

⸺ of Celle (Bishop of Chartres), 256

⸺ Damian, St, 322

⸺ (Bishop of Edessa), 62

Philastrius, on Christmas, 169 n.

Philip IV. (King of Spain), 262

Philocalus, Furius, 136;
_see_ Calendars

Philogonius (Martyr), 132

Philoponus, Joannes, on the date of Easter, 53 n.

Philostorgius (historian), 290, 352

Phocas (Emperor), 324

Pilate, The spurious Acts of, 57

Pius V. (Pope), 16, 119, 264, 266, 270, 431

⸺ VI. (Pope), 32 _seq._, 200

⸺ IX. ” 239, 262 _seq._, 275

Plantanida, Joseph (O.S.F.C.), and the Forty Hours Prayer, 125

Pliny, letters of, 8

Poland, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Polemius Silvius, 304, 305;
_see_ Calendars

Polycrates of Ephesus, 39, 55, 281

Porphyrius (Bishop of Antioch), 353

Portugal, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Potho of Prüm, on feast of the H. Trinity, 118 n.;
on the Immac. Conc., 256

Preller, 137

_Processions_, 189 _seqq._

Proclus (Patr. of Constantinople), 233, 234

Prosper (of Aquitaine), on date of Christ’s birth, 141

Protadius (Bishop of Besançon), his Calendar, 327

_Proto-evangelium_ of James, The, 246

Protonika, legend of, and the Holy Cross, 337

Prudentius, 98, 285

Prussia, Good Friday in, 74 n.;
_see_ Festivals of obligation

Pulcheria (Empress), 236

_Quartodecimans, The_, 39, 40, 50, 54

Quedlinburg, Council of, 100

Rabanus Maurus, 77, 87, 311;
_see_ Martyrology

Rainald of Dassel (Archbishop of Cologne), 441

Raphael, The Archangel, 332

Ravenna, The New Year at, 163

Recceswinth (Spanish King), 164

Reims, Synod of, 30

Remigius (Monk and Bishop of Lyons), 202 n., 406

Richardis (Empress), 315

Rietsch, J., on St Mary Magdalen, 315

Robert de Thorete (Bishop of Liège), 120 _seq._

_Robigalia, The_, 191

Roger II. (of Naples), 244

⸺ (Bishop of Salisbury), 250, 255

Romanesia, Feast of the Ascension at, 108

Rome, method of fixing Easter in, 51, 54;
Synod of, 61;
_see_ Calendars; Festivals of obligation; Martyrology

Roncalli, on the Calendar, 137

_Rosary, The_, 268 _seqq._;
Confraternities of the, 270 n.

Rotricus (Bishop of Rouen), 252

Rouen, Council of (A.D. 650), 164

Rudolph (Bishop of Bourges), 23

Rufinus, 319

Russia, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Sabas, St, _see_ Typicum

_Sabbath, The_, its position in the Church, 6

_Sacramentaries_, description of the, 342 _seqq._

_Sacramentary_:—
Cologne, in Cathedral library at, 415
Düsseldorf, in library at, 415
Essen, 84
Gallican, 110
Gelasian, 67 _seq._, 76, 78, 83, 102 _seq._, 114, 116, 156, 160,
163, 169, 175, 178, 180, 184 n., 187, 198, 219, 222, 229, 280,
285, 288, 292, 306, 330, 340;
description of, 343, 398
Gregorian, 62, 69, 72, 78, 83, 87, 101 _seqq._, 114, 116 _seq._,
163, 165, 170, 175 n., 178 _seqq._, 187, 198, 222, 228, 288,
292, 299, 306, 330, 340;
description of, 344, 398 _seq._
Leonine, 156, 178, 184 n., 198, 219, 222, 280, 285, 330;
description of, 343
Mozarabic, 101, 156

Salbarus (Persian General), 339

_Saturday_, its liturgical observance, 12

Saxony, festivals in, 35

Schrader, Clemens (S.J.,), on the Immac. Conc., 240 _seqq._

Schulting, Cornelius, 419

Scotus, Jo. Duns, 259

Sedatus (Bishop of Béziers), 169

Selden, John, Calendars published by, 218, 225, 238, 273, 286 n.,
299, 322, 381

Seligenstadt, Synod of, 223

Serapion (Abbot of Thmuis), 92

Sergius I. (Pope), 175, 229, 237, 344

Servilius Paulus (proconsul), 39

Severus, Sulpicius, 141

Sicardus (Bishop of Cremona), 255 _seq._

Siculus Peter, 247

Sidonius Apollinaris, 191

Siena, The _Liber Ordinarius_ of, 322

Silos, _see_ Calendars; Lectionary

Silvia (The Gallic pilgrim), on Christian worship, 8, 62 _seqq._, 86;
on Fasts, 93, 99, 107, 112 _seq._, 129, 152, 154 _seq._, 171, 173,
175, 196, 338, 433 _seq._

_Simchah Thorah_, festival of the, 111

Simplicius (Pope), 224

Sirleto (Cardinal), 308, 409

Siroes (King of Persia), 339

Sixtus I. (Pope), 51, 55

⸺ III. ” 271 n.

⸺ IV. ” 261 _seq._, 266, 274, 276, 326

⸺ V. (Pope), 264, 266

Socrates (Eccl. historian), 96, 106, 336

Sonnatius (Bishop of Reims), statutes of, 21;
Calendar of, 229 n., 238

Sophronius (Patriarch), 448

Sozomen (Eccl. historian), 9 _seq._, 207, 336

Spain, reduction of festivals in, 31;
Advent in, 159;
Feasts of B.V.M. in, 227, 254, 262;
St James in, 292 _seqq._;
_see_ Festivals of obligation

Sprenger, Jacob (O.P.), 270 n.

Stachys (Bishop of Constantinople), 289

Stephen (Bishop of Liège), 116 _seq._

_Sunday_, origin of the name, 7;
laws for its observance, 9 _seq._;
law-courts cease to sit on, 18;
races forbidden on, 19

Switzerland, _see_ Festivals of obligation

Symmachus (Pope), 208, 318 n., 331

_Synagogue, The_, its influence on the Church’s year, 5

_Synaxis_ [Synaxaria], of St John Baptist, 219, 345, 349;
_see_ Copts, Michael of Atriba

Szabolcs, Council of, 198

Tarragona, Synod of, 31

_Tenebræ_, The Office of, 71

Tertullian, 5;
his enumeration of feasts, 17;
on Easter, 40, 44, 56, 89 _seqq._, 99, 106;
on Pentecost, 111 _seq._, 127, 141, 172, 184;
on Christian burial, 213, 310, 431, 437

Theodore, on Feasts of B.V.M., 227

Theodorus Lector, 286

Theodosius II. (Emperor), his legislation about holy days, 19, 130,
220, 224

Theodulf, on Ember days, 188

Theophanes (historian), 328, 337 n.

Theophilus of Alexandria, 220

Theophilus of Cæsarea, on Easter, 40, 59

Thomas Aquinas, St, 122, 258

Thomassin, Louis, 419

Tillemont (historian), 210, 220, 320, 420

Toledo, 4th Synod of, 74, 80, 100, 164
6th ”, 193
8th ”, 100
10th ”, 232
_See_ Calendars, Martyrology

Tondini, Cæsar (Barnabite), on the Calendar, 52 n.

Tours, festivals celebrated at, 20;
second council of, 164, 331;
_see_ Calendars

Trani, _see_ Missal

_Translation_, of relics, 220, 267, 281, 292

Trent, Council of, 31, 263

Treves, Synod of, 268;
_see_ Calendars, Lectionary

Tribonianus, 134

Trithemius (Abbot), 274, 276 n., 403

Trullan Synod, the, 73, 100, 105, 232, 387

Turcius Almachius (Prefect of Rome), 317 _seqq._

_Typicum, The_, of St Sabas, 243, 447 _seq._

Tyre, Synod at, 195

Uranius (Bishop of Emesa), 221

Urban I. (Pope), 317

⸺ IV. ” _see_ James Pantaleon

⸺ VI. ” 267, 276

Urban VIII. (Pope), his constitution _Universa per orbem_, 29, 30, 200

Usuardus, _see_ Martyrology

Valens (Emperor), 130, 220

Valentia, council of, 213 n.

Valentinian II. (Emperor), law on Sunday rest, 10;
regulation of legal vacations, 17 _seq._, 134

Valesius, on the Lenten fast, 97

_Veil_, the Lenten [Hunger Veil], 104

Venantius Fortunatus, 316

_Vestments_, Liturgical, 428 _seqq._

Victor (Bishop of Capua), _see_ Lectionary

⸺ (Pope), 39, 55, 59, 90

Vienne, Council of, 124

Vigilius (Bishop of Trent), 191

Vincent Ferrer, St, 274

Walter (Bishop of Orleans), 23

⸺ (Bishop of Rouen), 252 n.

Wandelbert of Prüm, 57;
_see_ Martyrology

Warinus of Worcester, 248

Willibald, St (Bishop of Eichstätt), 314

Worcester, Synod of, 252

Wüstenfeld, F., 381 _seq._

_Xerophagiæ, The_, 99

Zacharias (Patr. of Jerusalem), 339

⸺ (Pope), 80 n., 164

Zeno of Verona, 151, 155, 165

Zosimus (Pope), 81

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HeortologyChapter XXIV: Appendix: I (4)

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