Chapter XII: Marks of Cadency

In order to distinguish the various members of a family among themselves certain additions to the shield called marks of cadency are employed; and in the earliest days of the heraldic system a son charged the arms that he derived from his father with such a mark of difference as he thought fit and effectual, but by the middle of the fourteenth century some amount of regularity was arrived at, and by the end of the sixteenth century the present method had become usual. In this system the eldest son is distinguished by a file or label of three points, which consists of a horizontal part from which depend the lambeaux (Fig. 286 _et seq._). Its origin is extremely obscure, and whether it represents the points of garments, or tongues or labels threaded on a cord, no one can say with certainty. It seems probable that it may have originally been a favour or distinction whose history and original significance have been lost. The effigy at Artois of Charles Count d’Eu has a label which passes round the shoulders, exactly as other collars did, and consists of large labels charged with castles and suspended from what appears to be a narrow cord (Fig. 288).

On a shield the label is borne in chief and passes over any charges that may be in that part of the arms. In early examples the pendant parts are wider than the rest, in some cases much wider, as in the Garter Plate of Gaston de Foix, Comte de Longueville and Captal de Buch, whose label is charged with a complete coat of arms repeated on each point, a cross charged with five escallop shells, which are the arms of John de Grielly, a previous Captal de Buch who married Blanche de Foix. In later times the points of labels were widened at the ends as in Fig. 289, a form which in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries had become as squat and ugly as the still common type (Fig. 290). In ordinary cadency the label which extends from side to side of the shield is no longer used, being reserved for members of the Blood Royal, and a shortened form takes its place in ordinary coats of arms. Distinctions of cadency are provided to the number of nine, and no regular provision is made beyond the ninth son; not because others are to go undifferenced, but because in old heraldic treatises great importance is ascribed to that mystic figure 9. There were nine tinctures (including the rare colours tenné and sanguine), nine ordinaries, nine partitions, or methods of displaying charges with ordinaries, and so forth. The differences are as follows:--

The eldest son a label.
second ” a crescent.
third ” a mullet.
fourth ” a martlet.
fifth ” an amulet.
sixth ” a fleur-de-lis.
seventh ” a rose.
eighth ” a cross moline.
ninth ” a double quatrefoil.

A mark of cadency is borne on any part of a coat that may be found most suitable for its conspicuous display, but always in such a manner that it may not be mistaken for a charge. It is generally placed somewhere in chief or sometimes in the centre of the shield, and its colour may be any that is well seen. Bossewell says (1572): “Every difference ought to be placed in the moste evidente part of the coat armour, videlicit, in the place where the same maie soonest be scene or perceived.” And another early writer indicates the distance at which a difference should be easily perceived on a banner or other flag as eighteen yards.

The sons of the eldest son bear each his own difference charged upon the label of his father, and in similar manner the sons of the second son of the head of the family charge their differences on their father’s crescent, and so forth. As marking the degree of nearness to the headship of the family such distinctions are disused or changed as circumstances dictate, but in some cases a second or other junior son continues to use his difference after his father’s death in order to prevent confusion with his elder brother who has in due course succeeded to the undifferenced coat, and in spite of the inevitable clashing with the second son of that elder brother, who would also bear a crescent for difference. Such a method of distinguishing “Houses” as well as sons would, of course, become impossible in a very few generations, and this points to the superiority of the mediaeval method of differencing as well as to what is the principal weakness of modern heraldry in England as a system, namely, the want of distinction between the branches of a family. That, however, is more a matter for the scientific herald. The mark of cadency may be placed on the crest as well as on the arms, but it is not commonly done, except when the crest is used alone.

It should be noted here that though daughters (other than Princesses of the Blood) do not difference their arms personally, for they rank equally among themselves, they do bear their father’s difference so long as he bears it.

When by impalement or other means the individuality of the bearer is sufficiently pointed out, marks of cadency are frequently considered to be redundant, and are therefore omitted; but their inclusion is preferable.

Royal cadency follows a method apart, and when arms are assigned by the Sovereign to the various members of the Royal Family, as is done by warrant on their arrival at full age, the proper individual mark of cadency is assigned at the same time. At the present day it always takes the form of a label; which is plain for the Prince of Wales, and charged in some distinctive manner for other members of the Blood Royal.

The labels of the other living Princes and Princesses to whom arms have been assigned are as follows: and it should be noted that all these various labels are Argent. The Princess Royal (Duchess of Fife) bears over the Royal Arms a label of five points charged with three crosses gules alternating with two thistles ppr.

The Princess Victoria differences her arms with a label of five points charged with three roses alternately with two crosses gules.

The Princess Maud (Queen of Norway) bears a label of five points charged with three hearts and two crosses gules.

The Duke of Connaught has a label of three points, charged on the centre point with St. George’s Cross and on each of the others with a fleur-de-lis Azure.

The Princess Christian, of Schleswig-Holstein, bears a label of three points, the centre of which is charged with St. George’s Cross and each of the others with a rose gules.

The Princess Louise (Duchess of Argyll) bears a label of three points, the centre point charged with a rose, each of the others with a canton gules.

The Princess Beatrice (Princess Henry of Battenberg) bears a label of three points, the centre one charged with a heart and each of the others with a rose.

In Royal Achievements the labels are charged on the crest and supporters as well as the arms, and in these positions are usually couped at the ends, though there is no reason why they should be so; on the contrary, remembering that these figures are “in the round” it would be preferable to follow the ancient usage.

A further distinction from the arms of the Sovereign is made by substituting for the Imperial Crown, which is borne on the heads of the lion crest and supporter and also encircles the throat of the unicorn, the coronet which is proper to the personage concerned.

INDEX

PAGE

ACCESSORIES, 139

ACHIEVEMENTS, 16, 19

ALDEGREVER, 34

ALEXANDER FIRST, SEAL OF, 66

ALLOA HOUSE, SHIELDS AT, 113, 114, 115, 157, 161, 217, 219

ALTAR FRONTAL, 250

AMMAN, JOST, 35, 108

AMORINI, 144

ANGELS, 144

ANIMALS as crests, 127;
and monsters, 66;
on flags, 257;
on the bardings of horses, 257

ANNE OF BOHEMIA, DEVICE KNOT OF, 278

” OF BRITTANY, 116, 212

” COUNTESS OF DEVON, SEAL OF, 140

” QUEEN, 108

ANNULET, 267, 288

ANSELM, DOM, 40

ANTHONY DE BEC, SEAL OF, 98

ARCHITECTURAL HERALDRY, 204

ARGENT, 44

ARGYLL, DUKE OF, 155

ARMORIAL ACCESSORIES, 139

” GARMENTS, 3

ARMOUR, 123

ARUNDEL, CORONET OF THE EARL OF, 154

ASSYRIAN LION, 80

ATTENUATION, 67

AUGMENTATIONS, 6

AZURE, 44

BADGES, 141

BANNERS, 28, 69;
of the Garter, 255;
painted, 262

BAR, 50

BARNACLES, 268

BARONET, 156;
of Nova Scotia, 156

BARONET’S HELMET, 129

BARON’S cap, 154;
coronet, 154

BARRY, 47

BARS-GEMELLE, 50

BASLE, ARMS OF, 271

BASSET, LORD, OF DRAYTON, 20

BASSETAILLE ENAMEL, 178

BATH, the Order of the, 16;
insignia of various ranks, 163

BATON, 52

BATTERING-RAM, 268

BEAUMONT, SIR EDMUND, ARMS OF, 238

BEDCOVER, LACE, 264

BEDFORD, DUKE OF, 85

BEHAM, HANS SEBALD, 34, 35

BELLS, 277

BEND, 51

BENDLET, 52

BEND-SINISTER, 52

BENDY, 48

BERKELEY, ARMS OF, 64

BERTIE, ARMS OF, 268

BEZANT, 281

BIBLE, 70

” WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL, 164

BILL, 197

BIRDS, 89

BIRMINGHAM, CITY OF, 52

BLACK PRINCE, THE, 8, 75;
surcoat, 102, 248

BLACKSMITHS’ COMPANY, ARMS OF, 277

BLAZON, 15, 38, 54, 75

BLOIS, BADGES AT, 205

BOAR, 232

BOLT-PLATE, 192

BORDURE, 59

BOTTICELLI, SANDRO, 261

BOURCHIER, LOUIS ROBSART, LORD, 17

” KNOT, 279

BOWEN KNOT, 278

BRASS, MONUMENTAL, 184

BRAY, SIR REGINALD, BADGE OF, 277

BREWYS, SIR JOHN DE, BRASS OF, 184

BRITTANY, BADGE OF, 205

BRONZE MORTAR, 188

BRUNSWICK, DUCHESS OF, 265

BUCKLES, 268

BUGLE HORN, 269

BULLA OF GOLD OF HENRY VIII., 149

BUONAMICI, 31

BURGES, 13, 226

BURGUNDY, CHARLES, DUKE OF, 251

BUTLER, SIR JAMES, ARMS OF, 238

BYRON, ARMS OF, 52

CADENCY, 286

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, ARMS OF, 70

CANTON, 58

CAP OF MAINTENANCE, 155

CARNARVON, LORD, 146

CAST IRON, 185

CAXTON, 4

CEILINGS, 213

CELLINI, 180

CENTAUR, 95

CEREMONIAL SHIELDS, 9, 29;
structure of, 30

CHAMPLEVÉ ENAMEL, 171

CHAPLET, 269

CHARGES, 50;
flat and in relief, 29;
their arrangement, 61

CHARLES I., GREAT SEAL OF, 74

” II., GREAT SEAL OF, 110

” V., EMPEROR, ARMS OF, 192

” COUNT D’EU, EFFIGY WITH LABEL, 287

” THE BOLD, 251

CHEQUEY, 48

CHESS-ROOK, 270

CHESTER, CITY OF, 83

CHEVRON, 52

CHIEF, 52

CHIMNEY PIECES, 212

CHIVALRY, THE ORDER OF, 4

CHOICE OF TREATMENT, 7, 19

CINQUE PORTS, 83, 84

CINQUEFOIL, 270

CISTERN, LEAD, 200

CIVIC CROWN, 270

CLARENCE, DUKE OF, 109

CLARION, 270

CLEMENT VII, POPE, 240

CLEOBURY, W. T., 238

CLOISONNÉ ENAMEL, 181

CLOUDS, 270

COCK, 79, 92

COCKATRICE, 271

COLLAR, of the Order of the Garter, 158;
of St. Patrick, 162;
of the Thistle, 160;
of the Bath, 162;
of Toison d’Or, 193

COLOURS OF MANTLING, 137

COMPONY, 49

CORONETS, 271;
crest coronet, 271;
mural crown, 273;
naval crown, 273;
crown vallery, 273;
crown palisado, 273;
eastern crown, 273;
celestial crown, 274

CORONETS, ROYAL, 152

” OF PEERS, 153

COTISE, 51

COUNTERCHANGE, 49

COUNTER-COMPONY, 49

COUNTER-POTENT, 46

COUNTER-VAIR, 46

COUPED, 54, 84

CROSSES, 96

CROSS, 5, 53;
bottonée, 100;
couped, 54;
calvary, 97;
crosslet, 99;
crosslet-fitchy, 99;
fleuretté, 97;
flory, 97;
furchée, 101;
interlaced, 53;
moline, 97;
nowy, 54;
parted and fretty, 53;
patonee, 97;
patée, 99;
pomell, 100;
potent, 101;
quadrate, 54;
quarter pierced, 54;
recercelée, 99;
tau, 101;
urdée, 100;
voided, 53

CREST, 37, 118;
ceremonial use, 118;
difficulties in treatment, 130;
dragon’s head, 127;
of the Black Prince, 126;
panache, 125;
tourney crest, 136

CRESTS OF QUEENS REGNANT, 37

CRESCENT, 192, 274, 288

CROWN, Imperial, 148;
of Henry V., of Henry VIII., of Charles II., 148;
Georgian, 149

CRUSADES, 2

CUTWORK, 261

DACRE KNOT, 279

DAMASCENING, 198

DANCETTÉE, 56

DAY, LEWIS F., 240

DEMI-LIONS, 83

DERBY, COUNTESS OF, 146

DEVICES AT ALLOA HOUSE, 220, 221

DIANA DE POITIERS, BADGE OF, 192

DIAPERING, 110

DIMIDIATION, 83

DISTRIBUTION, PLANS FOR, 82, 91

DIVISION OF THE FIELD, 47

DOLPHIN, 93

DONATELLO, 189

DOVETAILED, 56

DRAGON OF CADWALLADER, 182, 183

DRAGON’S HEAD CREST, 127

DUKE’S CORONET, 153

DÜRER, 31, 32, 34, 79

EAGLES, 89;
plan for distribution, 91

EAGLE of the Emperor, 90;
of the Holy Roman Empire, 146;
of Prussia, 146;
on lock-plate, 190

EARL’S CORONET, 154

EASTERN INFLUENCE ON HERALDRY, 6

EDMOND BEAUFORT, DUKE OF SOMERSET, SEAL OF, 141

EDMUND, PRINCE, OF LANGLEY, 60, 90, 272

EDWARD THE BLACK PRINCE, 8, 75

” THE CONFESSOR, 92

” I, 3

” II, 59

” III, 29, 62, 68, 140

” IV, 29

ELEANOR, QUEEN, 3

ELECTROTYPE, 202

ELIZABETH, QUEEN, 107, 109

ELIZABETHAN DECORATION, 36

EMBATTLED, 56

EMBROIDERY, 246

EMBROIDERED ARMS, 252

” BADGES, 250

ENAMEL, 170;
Bassetaille, 178;
Champlevé, 171;
Cloisonné, 181;
designs and drawings, 180;
“Limoges enamel,” 177;
plique-a-jour, 180

ENGLAND, ARMS OF, 8, 69, 75, 83

ENGRAILED, 56

ENGRAVING, DECORATIVE, 196

ENHANCED, 52

ERASED, 84

ERIC, KING OF SWEDEN, ARMS OF, 253

ERMINES, 44

ERMINOIS, 44

ERSKINE, HENRICUS DE, 113

ESCALLOP SHELL, 274

ESCARBUNCLE, 275

ESTOILE, 275

ESQUIRE’S HELMET, 129

ETCHED DECORATION, 200

FALCON, 91

FESS, 50

FIELD, THE, 41

” OF THE CLOTH OF GOLD, GOLD SEAL OF TREATY, 149

FIREBACKS, 185

FISH, 93

FISHMONGERS’ COMPANY, 94

FITZALAN, EARL OF ARUNDEL, 154

FITZJAMES, 37

FLANCHES, 61

FLANDERS, ARMS OF, 252

FLASQUES, 61

FLEURS-DE-LIS, 101

FLORENCE, ARMS OF, 103

FLORENTINE HERALDRY, 35

” SHIELD, 112

FLOWERS, 5

FOREIGN INFLUENCE, 11

FOSTER’S PEERAGE, 40

FOUNTAIN, 275;
lead, 201

FRANCE, ARMS OF, 8, 62

FREDERICK II, ARMS OF, 265

FRENCH CHÂTEAUX, 205

FRIEZES, 209

FROISSART, 27

FUSIL, 58

FYLFOT, 276

GALLERY OF THE VYNE, 212

GARBS, 84

GARLANDS, 5

GARTER, the, 156, 158;
collar of the, 107;
Knight of the, 20;
order of the, 136, 158

GARTER PLATES, 35

GASTON DE FOIX, 136, 287

GENEVILLE, ARMS OF, 248

GEORGE THE LESSER, ORDER OF THE, 158

GERATTING, 62

GERMAN HERALDRY, 78;
Gothic influence in, 78

GESSO, 18, 214;
its preparations, 215;
use, 116;
Cennino Cennini, 215

GILBERT, ALFRED, 109

GLAIVE, 197

GLOUCESTER, DUKE OF, 29

GOAT, 85

GOBONY, 49

GODMANCHESTER, SEAL OF, 103

GOLDEN FLEECE, 193, 251

GOLDSMITHS’ COMPANY, ARMS OF, 85

GOLPES, 281

GOTHIC LIONS, 76

” REVIVAL, 12

” WORK, 17

GOUTTÉ D’OR, ETC., 62

GREAT GEORGE, THE, 158

” SEALS, 17, 110, 140

GREEK SYMBOLIC FIGURES, 21

GREEN, EVERARD, 238, 280

GREYHOUNDS, 140

GRIELLY, ARMS OF, 287

GRIFFIN OR GRYPHON, 87

GROCERS’ COMPANY, 133;
arms of, 64

GULES, 44

GUTTÉE, 62

GUZES, 281

GYRON, 58

GYRONNY, 47

HALBERD, 198

HAMMER, 276

HAMPTON COURT, 147, 214

HARPS, 108

HARPY, 93

HAWK’S bells and jesses, 277;
lure, 277

HELM, 117;
ceremonial use, 118;
development of form, 119;
its structure, 120

HELMET, 122;
as a sign of rank, 128

HEMP-BRAKE, 277

HENEAGE KNOT, 278

HENRY V, 106, 140;
Great Seal of, 17, 18, 20

” V, 17, 18, 29, 35;
chantry, 146

” VI, ARMS OF, 236

” VII, 11, 106, 158;
badge of, 282;
tomb, 182

” II OF FRANCE, ARMS OF, 192

” PRINCE OF WALES, 35

” SON OF SWANUS, SEAL OF, 66

HERALDRY, origin of, 1;
eastern influence, 6;
foreign influence on, 11;
Gothic influence, 10, 11;
Italian influence, 12

HERALDIC QUALITIES, 20

” SHORTHAND, 55

” ANTELOPE, 84

” TIGER, 84

HINGE WITH LIONS, 191

HOLBEIN, 12, 243

HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE, EAGLE OF, 146

HORSE, 85, 230

HUMAN FIGURES, 94;
arms, 95;
hands, 95;
heads, 95

HURT, 281

ILLUMINATIONS, 164;
methods, materials, 164

IMPALING, 61

IN FESS, ETC., 63

IN ORLE, 62

INDENTED, 56

INESCUTCHEON, 58

INSIGNIA OF ORDERS, 156

INTERIOR DECORATION, 210

INVECTED, 56

IRELAND, arms of, 110;
Great Seal for, 110

IRISH HARP, 108

ISABELLA OF FRANCE, 59

ITALIAN GLASS PAINTING, 240

” INFLUENCE, 78

” SHIELDS, 30, 31, 35

JACOBEAN DECORATION, 36

JAMB, 84

JAMES I, 107, 109;
arms of, 254

JANE SEYMOUR, QUEEN, 150

JAVELIN, 283

JESSES, 277

JOHN, DUKE OF ARGYLL, 155

” EARL OF MAR, K.T., 161

” KING OF FRANCE, 268

” LORD ERSKINE, 114

” PRINCE, OF ELTHAM, 50, 176

KATHERINE, QUEEN OF FRANCE, 192

KELLIE, DEVICE FOR EARLDOM OF, 220

KEYS, 194

KNIGHTS helmet, 129;
of orders, 144;
supporters of, 144;
other insignia, 156

KNOTS, 278

KRESS, 34

LABEL, 286

LABORDE, COMTE DE, 105

LACE, 265

LACEY KNOT, 279

LADIES, ARMS OF, 36

LAMBREQUINS, 127

LANCASTER ROSE, 106

LEEDS UNIVERSITY, CREST OF, 94

LEIGH, GERARD, 87

LELAND, 275

LEVEN AND MELVILLE, LORD, 217

“LIMOGES” ENAMEL, 177

LINES, VARIOUS, 56

LIONS, 66;
Assyrian 80;
head, 84;
leg, 84;
Renaissance, 78

LOCK-PLATES, 189

LOUIS VII, 102

” XII, 155, 205;
badge of, 212;
medal of, 116

LOZENGE, 58

” SHIELD, 36

LOZENGY, 48

LUROQUES, ARMS OF, 30

MALATESTA, 106

MALE-GRIFFIN, 88

MANTLING, 127, 134, 208;
colour treatment of, 137;
rules for various ranks, 137

MAR AND KELLIE, EARL OF, 219

MARGARET CAMPBELL, LADY, 114

” OF ANJOU, 236

MARKS OF CADENCY, 288

MARQUIS’S CORONET, 153

MARTEL-DE-FER, 276

MARTELLI, ARMS OF, 189

MARTLET, 92

MARY, QUEEN, 107

MAUNCHE, 280

MECKENEN, ISRAEL VAN, 31

MEDAL WITH DIAPERING, 116

MEDIAEVAL TREATMENT, 6

MEDICI, BADGE OF, 267

MERMAID, 94

METAL WORK, 181

MODELLED ARMS, 157

MON OF MATSUDAIRA FAMILY, 276

MONSTERS, 66

MONUMENTAL BRASSES, 184

MOON, 274

MORTAR, BRONZE, 188

MOTTO SHIELD, 30

MOWBRAY, 141

MULLET, 280

NEBULÉE, 56

NEPTUNE, 95

NIELLO, 198

NIXON, FORBES, 40

NORFOLK, DUKE OF, 141

NORREYS, BADGE OF SIR JOHN, 236

OCKWELLS MANOR, STAINED GLASS AT, 236

OGRESS, 281

OR, 44

ORANGES, 28

ORDINARIES, 51;
proportion of, 51

ORIGIN OF HERALDRY, 1

ORIGINALITY, 13

ORLE, 59

ORMONDE, MARQUIS OF, 87

OXFORD UNIVERSITY, ARMS OF, 202

PAINTED BANNERS, 262

PALE, 52

PALL, 280

PALY, 48

PANACHE CREST, 125

PAN-PIPE, 270

PARTY LINES, 47

” PER PALE, ETC., 47

PAVOISE, 26

PEACOCK, 4, 92

PEAN, 44

PEER’S HELMET, 129

PELHAM, 5

” BADGE, 268

PELICAN, 92

PELLET, 281

PENICAUD, NARDON, ENAMEL BY, 177

PENNON, 255

PER PALE, ETC., 47

PERCY, HENRY DE, 68

” SHRINE, 111

PHEON, 280

PHILIP II, 102

PHŒNIX, 73

PILE, 54

PIRCKHEIMER, 34

PLANCHÉ, J. ROBINSON, 279

PLANTS, 5

PLATE, 281

PLIQUE-A-JOUR ENAMEL, 180

POINTS OF THE FIELD, 41

POITIERS, BATTLE OF, 5

POKER WORK, 37, 217

POMME, 281

PORTCULLIS, 282

POSE OF ANIMALS, 70

POTENT, 46

POTENTY, 56

POWDER-HORN, 196

POWELL, JOHN, 13, 226

PRICK SPUR, 284

PROPORTION, 16, 19;
of ordinaries, 51

PUGIN, 13, 226

PURPURE, 44

PYROGRAPHY, 37, 217

RAGULY, 56

RALPH NEVILLE, EARL OF WESTMORELAND, SEAL OF, 140

RENAISSANCE HERALDRY, 9, 10

” SHIELDS, 27

” WORK, 17

REPOUSSÉ BUCKLER, 195

RIBBON, 52

RICHARD, EARL OF CONNAUGHT, 91

ROBERT, KING OF NAPLES, 105

ROBSART, 17

ROLLS OF ARMS, 2

ROMAN SCULPTURE, 21

ROMAN SHIELDS, 35

ROMPU, 56

ROSES, 106

ROUNDEL, STAINED GLASS, 151;
from Netley Abbey, 236

ROUNDELS, 281

ROYAL ARMS, 37, 38, 146, 227, 236

” BANNER, 69

” CADENCY, 153, 290

” CORONETS, 152

” CREST, 233

” CROWNS, 148, 149, 150;
official type, 150

ROYAL HELMETS, 129

” MANTLING, 138

SABLE, 44

SAGITTARIUS, 95

ST. ALBAN’S ABBEY, SHIELDS FROM, 35

ST. EDMUND, ARMS ASCRIBED TO, 272

ST. GATIEN CATHEDRAL, SHIELD IN, 33

ST. GEORGE’S CHAPEL, CROWNS ON, 148

ST. JAMES, 274

ST. PATRICK, THE ORDER OF, 162

SALTIRE, 53

SANDWICH, SEAL OF, 84

SAVAGE MEN, 95

SCHEMES OF DECORATION, 217

SCHONGAUER, MARTIN, 28, 31

SCOTLAND, ROYAL ARMS OF, 38

SCOTTISH ROYAL CROWN, 148

SCULPTURE, 147, 208

SEAL, 84, 98, 103, 109, 139, 149

SEALS, 67, 140, 141

SEGRAVE, JOHN DE, SEAL OF, 139

SEMÉE, 62

SGRAFFITO, 209

SHAKESPEARE, ARMS OF, 284

SHERBORN, C. W., 279

SHIELD BEARING MOTTO, 30;
construction, 23;
foliated, 33, 36;
shapes, 32, 33, 34, 36

SHIELDS, 21, 28;
ceremonial use of, 28;
“for Peace,” 28, 29;
Norman, 22, 23, 25, 26;
ridged, 27, 28;
square, 25;
triangular, 24, 25, 35

SHIPS, 83

SHOVEL, ADM. SIR CLOUDESLEY, 5

SOLIS, VIRGIL, 35

SOMERSET, SEAL OF THE DUKE OF, 141

SPADE, 282

SPEAR, 283

SPHINX, 94

SPURS, 284

SRUTTLE, 284

STAFFORD KNOT, 278

STAG, 85

STAINED GLASS, 151, 223

” DESIGNS AND DRAWINGS, 225

STANDARD, 255

STARS OF ORDERS, 160

STEPHEN, KING, 95, 120

STOURTON, LORD, 275

SUB-ORDINARIES, 58

SUPPORTERS, 139

SWAN, 4

SWISS PAINTED GLASS, 240

SWORD, 284

SYMBOLISM, 4

SYON COPE, 247

SYRENA, 94

SYRINX, 270

THISTLE, THE ORDER OF THE, 160

TILTING SPEAR, 283

TINCTURES, 42

TOISON D’OR, BADGE OF, 251

TORREGIANO, 11, 182

TORSE, 127

TORTEAU, 281

TOURNAMENTS, 2, 27, 118

TOURNEY HELM, 123

TREASURE, 59

TREFOIL, 284

TRICK, SKETCHES IN, 55

TRITON, 95

TRUMPET BANNERS, 261

TUDOR HERALDRY, 10, 226

” ROSE, 107

ULSTER BADGE, 96

UNICORN, 230

UNION BADGE, 260

” JACK, 258

VAIR, 45

VALENCE, WILLIAM DE, 63, 126

VELLUM, 164

VERT, 44

VERVELS, 277

VICTORIA, QUEEN, 37

VISCONTI, ARMS OF, 195

VISCOUNT’S CORONET, 154

VOIDERS, 61

WAKE AND ORMOND KNOT, 279

WALES, CORONET OF THE PRINCE OF, 153

WARWICK, EARL OF, ARMS OF, 237

WATER BOUGET, 285

WAVY, 56

WELDON, W. H., ESQ., C.V.O., 178

WESTMORELAND, EARL OF, SEAL, 140

WHEATSHEAVES, 84

WIDOWS, ARMS OF, 36

WILLIAM DE VALENCE, 63, 126

” LORD HASTINGS, SEAL OF, 141

” OF SENS, 11

WILLIMENT, J., 12

WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL, BIBLE, 164

WINNOWING FAN, 284

WOLSEY, ARMS OF CARDINAL, 147

WOOD-CARVING, 211

WREATH, 269

WYVERN, 88

YORK ROSE, 106

INDEX TO ILLUSTRATIONS

PAGE

ALTAR FRONTAL, 250

AMORINI, 145, 147, 209, 211, 218

ANGEL, 140

ANNE OF BOHEMIA, KNOT, 278

” OF BRITTANY, MEDAL, 116

ANNULET, 267, 288

ANTELOPES, “HERALDIC”, 237

ARCHBISHOP’S HAT, 194

ARMOUR, 184

ARMS, imaginary, 218;
in trick, 55

” of Cambridge University, 71;
of City of London, 88;
of Edward the Confessor, 229;
of Erskine, 113, 115, 157;
of Goldsmiths’ Company, 86;
of Grocers’ Company, 64;
of Prince John of Eltham, 60, 77;
of Kress (German), 136;
of Oxford University, 202;
of Pope Paul III, 210

ASSYRIAN BAS-RELIEF, 81

BADGE, EMBROIDERED, 251

” of Diane de Poitiers, 192;
of Louis XII, 206;
of Medici, 267;
of Toison d’Or, 86, 87;

BADGES, 29, 136, 213

BALANCES, 86

BANNERS, 242

BARDINGS, 18

BARNACLES, 268

BARRY, 47

BASILISK, 271

BASLE, ARMS OF, 271

BATTERING-RAM, 268

BEAUMONT, ARMS OF SIR E., 239

BEND, 51, 137

BENDY, 48

BILL, ENGRAVED, 197

BILLET, 278

BOAR, 232

BOOK, 71, 202

BOOKPLATE, by Dürer, 95, 136;
German, 94

BORDURE, 57, 59, 60

BOUCHIER KNOT, 279

BOWEN KNOT, 278

BOWS, 192

BREYS, 268

BRONZE MORTAR, 188

” SHIELD, 189

BUCKLE, 269

BUCKLES, 86, 174

BUGLE HORN, 95, 269

BULLS, 219

” HEAD, 140

BURGUNDY, ARMS OF, 251, 252

BURNT WOOD PANEL, 218

BUTLER, ARMS OF SIR JAMES, 239

CADENCY MARKS, 288

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, ARMS OF, 71

CANTING COAT OF ARMS, 94

CANTON, 59

CAP, EMBROIDERED, 249

CAR, PAGEANT, 86

CARDINAL’S HAT, 147

CASTLE, 137

CASTLES, 171

CEILING BOSSES, HAMPTON COURT, 214

CHAMPLEVÉ ENAMEL, 171, 174, 176

CHAPLET, 269

CHARLES, COUNT D’EU, EFFIGY, 287

CHARLES II, GREAT SEAL, 110

” IV, SEAL AS EMPEROR, 92

CHEQUEY, 48

CHESS-ROOK, 270

CHEVRON, 53

CHIEF, 51

CINQUEFOIL, 270

CISTERN, 200

CITY OF LONDON, ARMS OF, 88

CIVIC CROWN, 269

CLARION, 270

CLEMENT VII, ARMS OF POPE, 241

COCK, 79

COCKATRICE, 271

COLLAR of the Garter, 149;
of the Thistle, 161;
of the Toison d’Or, 193

COLUMBINE, 237

COLUMNS, 193

COPPER PANEL, SILVERED, 202

CORNISH CHOUGH, 147

CORONET, 195;
crest, 271;
of an earl, 219;
of the Prince of Wales, 153

CORONETS, 202

COUNTER-VAIR, 46

CRESCENT, 288

CRESCENTS, 192

CREST, 88, 94, 95, 136, 184, 220, 237, 239, 244;
enamelled, of W. H. Weldon, Esq., 179;
panache, 125, 135;
various treatments, 132

CRESTS, 145, 196

CROSS, 53, 88, 265

” calvary, 97;
couped, 54;
crosslet, 99;
crosslet fitchée, 99, 115, 157, 161, 219;
engrailed, 147;
fleuretté 97;
flory, 97, 229;
formée, 99;
Maltese, 99;
moline, 97, 98, 288;
nowy, 54;
patée, 99;
patonee, 97;
quadrate, 54;
quarter pierced, 54;
voided, 53;
voided and interlaced, 53

CROWN, 89, 136, 137, 186, 187, 192, 193, 194, 201, 211, 218, 227,
233, 242;
official type, 151;
of a King of Arms, 179;
palisado, 273;
Tudor, 149, 151;
vallery, 273

CROWNS, 272, 273;
embroidered, 253, 254

CUPID, 218

CUPS, 86

DACRE KNOT, 279

DAUPHINY, SEAL OF, 93

DECORATION SHIELD, ITALIAN, 30, 31

DEVICE SHIELDS, 220, 221

DIANE DE POITIERS, BADGE, 192

DIAPER, 115, 157, 161, 218, 206

DIAPERED medal, 116;
shield, 112, 113, 115

DOGS, 95

DOLPHIN, 200

DOLPHINS, 93

DONATELLO, SHIELD BY, 189

DOUBLE quatrefoil, 288;
badge, 229

DRAGON, 86, 89, 183, 186, 187, 229

DRAGONS, 88

DÜRER, ALBRECHT, 79, 86, 87, 95, 136, 137

” pageant car by, 86;
school of, 136

EAGLE, 86, 136, 141, 239

” double-headed, 90, 190, 193, 197;
lace, 264;
of the Emperor, 90;
plan for distribution on shield, 91

EAGLES, 92, 201

EARL’S CORONET, 219, 220, 221

EASTERN CROWN, 273

EDWARD THE CONFESSOR, ARMS OF, 229

ELEANOR, QUEEN, CLOAK CLASP, 171

EMBROIDERED BADGE, 251

” LINEN, 250

EMBROIDERY, 248, 254

ENAMEL BY NARDON PENICAUD, 177

” CHAMPLEVÉ, 171, 174, 176

” LIMOGES, 177, 179;
plate for, 174

ENAMELLED CLOAK CLASP, 171

” SHIELD, 176

ENGLAND, ARMS OF, 9

ENGRAVED DECORATION, 8, 197, 199

EQUESTRIAN FIGURE, 206

” SEAL, 18

ERIC XIV, KING OF SWEDEN, ARMS OF, 253

ERMINE, 44

” BADGE, 213

ERSKINE, ARMS OF, 113, 115, 157, 161

ESCALLOP, 278

ESCARBUNCLE, 275

FEATHERS, 29, 267;
peacocks’, 136

FESS, 51, 137

FIREBACK, 186, 187

FIREPLACE, CHÂTEAU DE BLOIS, 213

FLAGS, 259

FLANCHES, 61

FLEURS-DE-LIS, 9, 60, 77, 89, 93, 102-5, 141, 151, 191, 192, 200,
201, 214, 237, 239, 288;
embroidered, 249, 251, 252

FLORENTINE GLASS DECORATION, 241

FOUNTAIN, 275

FRANCE, ARMS OF, 9

FREDERICK II OF DENMARK, ARMS OF, 265

FRIEZE IN SGRAFFITO, 209

FYLFOT, 276

GARBS, 139

GARTER, 227

” COLLAR, 149

GARTERED SHIELD, 157

GATEWAY, CHÂTEAU DE BLOIS, 206

GESSO, 220, 221

” SHIELDS, 161, 219

GLAIVE, 197

GODMANCHESTER, SEAL OF, 103

GOUTTEE, 62

GREAT SEAL OF CHARLES II, 110

GREYHOUND, 187

GREYHOUNDS, 140

GRIFFIN, 189, 221;
seated, 87

GRIFFINS, 86

GRILLE OF HENRY VII’S CHAPEL, WESTMINSTER, 183

GRIMM, ARMS OF, 94

GROCERS’ COMPANY, ARMS OF, 64

GYRONNY, 47, 115

HALBERD, ENGRAVED, 199

HAMMER, 277

HARP, 108, 109, 227

HAWK’S BELLS AND JESSES, 278;
lure, 278

HEART, ENFLAMED, 218

HELM, 119;
tilting, 121;
tourney, 124;
crest for tourney, 136

HELMET, 18, 31, 79, 86, 88, 94, 119, 121-5, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141,
145, 179, 184, 196, 218, 220, 237, 239, 244

HEMP-BRAKE, 278

HENEAGE KNOT, 278

HENRY VI, ARMS OF, 237

” VII BADGE, 183

” VIII PRIVY SEAL OF, 89

HERALDIC ANTELOPES, 237

” SLAB, 145

” TIGER, 141

HINGE WITH LIONS, 191

HOLBEIN, 271

HOLY GHOST, 242

HORNS, 95

HORSE, 229

HOUNDS, 95

HUMAN FIGURE, 94, 95, 184, 189, 195, 196, 244

HUMAN FIGURES, 86, 145, 209, 211, 218

IMAGINARY ARMS, 218

IRON WORK, 190, 191, 192, 193

JAMES I, ARMS OF, EMBROIDERED, 254

KEYS, 194;
papal, 210

KNOTS, 278, 279

LABEL, 286, 287, 288

LACE, 264, 265

LACEY KNOT, 279

LASSO DE CASTILLA, ARMS OF DON PERO, 137

LEAD CISTERN, 200

” FOUNTAIN, 201

LEOPARD’S FACE, 147

” FACES, 86

LETTERING, 220, 221

LETTERS, 256

“LIMOGES” ENAMEL, 177, 179

LINES, VARIOUS, 56

LION, 89, 137, 186, 188, 220, 233

” Assyrian, 81;
passant, 67, 75, 147;
passant guardant, 9, 18, 60, 68, 71, 77, 141;
rampant, 66, 67, 68, 72, 79, 137, 139, 140;
rampant guardant, 72;
rampant regardant, 72, 89;
salient, 72;
sejant, 76

LIONS, 9, 18, 60, 89, 151, 184, 227, 237, 239, 242, 243;
conjoined with ships, 84;
embroidered, 248-54;
faces of, 137;
heads of, 137;
in enamel, 171, 174;
lace, 265;
on hinge, 191;
plans for distribution on shields, 83, 89, 137

LOCK-PLATE, 191;
with eagle, 190

LONDON, CITY OF, ARMS, 88

LOUIS XII MEDAL, 116

LOZENGE, 279

LOZENGES, 48

LYMPHAD, 115

MAN, SAVAGE, 94, 95

MANTLING, 79, 88, 94, 95, 135, 136, 137, 179, 220, 237, 244

MAR AND KELLIE, ARMS OF THE EARL AND COUNTESS OF, 219

MARTLET, 229, 288

MAUNCHE, 141, 280

MAXIMILIAN I, EMPEROR, 86, 87

MEDAL WITH DIAPER, 116

MEDALS, ITALIAN, 93

MEDICI BADGE, 267

MEMORIAL BRASS, 184

MITRE, 243

MONOGRAM, 221

MORTAR, BRONZE, 188

MOTTOES, 30, 64, 86, 88, 184, 202, 218, 220, 221, 233, 237, 239,
256, 267

MULLET, 288

MURAL CROWN, 273;
decoration, 64, 86

NAVAL CROWN, 273

NEBULÉE, 57

OCKWELLS GLASS, 237, 239

ORLE, 59

OSTRICH FEATHERS, 267

PAGEANT CAR, part of, 86

PALE, 51, 115, 157, 161, 219

PALE, DIAPERED, 113

PALLETS ON A CHEVRON, 69

PALY, 48

PANACHE CREST, 125, 135

PANEL BY DONATELLO, 104

” IN CHISELLED IRON, 193

” IN COPPER, 71

PAN-PIPE, 270

PAPAL keys, 210;
tiara, 210

PARTED AND FRETTY, 53

PAUL III, ARMS OF POPE, 210

PAVOISE, 26

PELICAN, 93

PER BEND, 47

” CHEVRON, 47

” FESS, 47;
indented, 239

” PALE, 47, 49

” SALTIRE, 47

PHEON, 281

PHŒNIX, 93

PILE, 54

PISANO, MEDAL BY, 93

PLATE PREPARED FOR ENAMEL, 174

POINTS OF THE SHIELD, 41

POKER WORK, 218

PORCUPINE, 206, 213

PORTCULLIS, 282

POTENT, 46

POWDER-HORN, 196

PRINCE OF WALES’ CORONET, 153

PRINTER’S MARK, HERALDIC, 94

PYROGRAPHY, 218

QUARTERLY, 47

QUATREFOIL, 282

REPOUSSÉ SHIELD, 195

ROSE, 107, 147, 288;
irradiated, 107

ROSES, 49

ROUNDLES, 241

ROYAL ARMS, 9, 18, 60, 77, 89, 149, 186, 187, 211, 214, 227, 237

” CREST, 233

ST. EDMUND, ARMS OF, 272

SALTIRE, 53, 140

SAVAGE MAN, 94, 95

SCALES, 86

SCULPTURED ARMS, 147

SEAL, Gold Bulla of Henry VIII, 149;
of Anne, Countess of Devon, 140;
of Anthony de Bec, Bishop of Durham, 98;
of Charles IV, 92;
of Dauphin, 93;
of Edmond Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, 141;
of Henry IV, 18;
of John de Segrave, 139;
Privy, of Henry VIII, 89;
of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, 140;
of Sandwich, 84;
of Sigismund, 92;
of William Lord Hastings, 141;
Segrave Seal, 149

SERPENT, 89, 195;
nowed, 256

SGRAFFITO FRIEZE, 209

” PANEL, 210

SHIELD, 88, 89, 94, 95, 136, 137, 237, 239, 244;
bronze, by Donatello, 189;
cusped, fifteenth and sixteenth century, 32;
decoration, 30, 31;
diapered, 112, 113, 115;
embroidered, 253;
from the tomb of Prince Edmund of Langley, 90;
in enamel, 176;
in gesso, 161, 219;
Italian, 145, 210;
of the Black Prince, 9;
points of, 41

SHIELDS AT ALLOA HOUSE, 113, 115, 157;
decorated, 33, 34, 36;
derived from the tournament form, 33;
fourteenth century, 24;
heater shape, 24, 25;
in gesso, 113, 115, 157, 220, 221;
Norman, 22;
ridged, 27, 28;
square, 25;
tournament, 26, 33

SHIP, 115

SHIPS, CONJOINED WITH LIONS, 84

SNAKE, 89, 195

SPADE, 283

SPEAR, TILTING, 283

SRUTTLE, 283

STABIUS, ARMS OF, 136

STAFFORD KNOT, 278

STAINED GLASS, 227, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 239, 241, 242,
243, 244

STANDARD, 256

SUPPORTERS, 86, 88, 89, 140, 141, 145, 186, 187, 196, 211, 209, 211;
royal, 237

SWAN, 234

SWORD, 88, 136

SYON COPE, ARMS FROM, 248

SYRINX, 270

TALPAS, MEDAL BY, 93

THISTLE COLLAR, 161

TIARA, PAPAL, 210

TIGER, HERALDIC, 141

TILTING HELM, 121;
spear, 283

TINCTURES, 44

TOISON D’OR BADGE, 86, 87, 251;
collar, 193

TORSE, FLORENTINE, 134

TOURNAMENT COLLAR, 287

TOURNEY HELM, 124

” HELM AND CREST, 136

TREFOIL, 256, 284

TRESSURE, 59, 219

TRICKED ARMS, 55

TSCHERTTS, ARMS OF, 95

TUDOR CROWN, 140

UNICORN, 86, 231

UNION JACK, 259

VAIR, 45, 151;
ancient form of, 46

VARIOUS LINES, 56

WAKE AND ORMOND KNOT, 279

WARWICK, ARMS OF THE EARL OF, 236

WATER BOUGET, 284

WEIDLITZ, HANS, 94

WELDON, W. H., CREST OF, 179

WILLIAM DE VALENCE SHIELD, 176

WINGS, 94;
dragons’, 88

WINGS CONJOINED IN LURE, 151

WINNOWING FAN, 283

WIRSUNG, ARMS OF, 94

WOLSEY, CARDINAL, ARMS OF, 147

WOOD-CARVING, 211

WYVERN, 94

Transcriber’s Note:

Minor errors and omissions in punctuation, hyphenation, and capitalization have been fixed.

Some words with potential alternative spellings were left as in the text, including jowlopped, marygold, spandrils, Poictiers, applique, and gouttee.

Page 55: Three instances of non-Unicode shapes have been designated by [Shape]. [Shape 1] is similar to an Greek lambda (Λ), but obtuse. [Shape 2] is a circle with a dot in the middle and five lines radiating from it. [Shape 3] is a cross with three arcs on the top.

Page 58: “displaying an augumentation” changed to “displaying an augmentation”.

Page 62: “known as guttee or goutee” changed to “known as guttée or gouttee”.

Page 99: “patée or formee” changed to “patée or formée”.

Page 100: “Cross Pomell” changed to “Cross Pommel” in the Fig. 118 caption.

Page 106: “Maltesta in Italy” changed to “Malatesta in Italy”.

Page 111: “like the semé” changed to “like the semée”.

Page 119: “more or less cylindical” changed to “more or less cylindrical”.

Page 173: “Champlévé is usually” changed to “Champlevé is usually”.

Page 216: “in this way car” changed to “in this way care”.

Page 279: “J. Robinson Planche” changed to “J. Robinson Planché”.

Index entry spellings were changed to match the spelling in the text:

Page 295: “furchee” in the index changed to “furchée”.

Page 295: “botonée” in the index changed to “bottonée”.

Page 295: “Durer” in the index changed to “Dürer”.

Page 296: “French chateaux” in the index changed to “French châteaux”.

Page 298: “Lambriquins” in the index changed to “Lambrequins”.

Page 298: “Nebulee” in the index changed to “Nebulée”.

Page 298: “Ogresse” in the index changed to “Ogress”.

Pages 299, 307: “Earl of Westmorland” in the index changed to “Earl of Westmoreland”.

Page 304: “crosslet fitché” in the index changed to “crosslet fitchée”.

Page 304: “patonce” in the index changed to “patonee”.

Page 305: “Chateau de Blois” in the index changed to “Château de Blois” in two places.

Page 297, 305: “Gyrony” in the index changed to “Gyronny”.

Page 306: “saliant” in the index changed to “salient”.