Chapter C: L. Robertson engraved (2)

Upon the receipt of Elliott’s news the House of Assembly, which was then sitting, was adjourned for one month, a council of war was called together, martial law proclaimed, and every officer ordered to his post. Colonel Beckford (grandfather of the celebrated Lord Mayor of London), who was in command at Port Royal, got Fort Charles into excellent order and fortified the town. A fort also was built in the Parade at Kingston; the pass by Rock Fort to the east of Kingston was guarded, and breastworks were erected at Old Harbour and Carlisle Bay. Beeston, realising that it was hopeless with the forces at command to try to protect all his coast-line, decided to defend the strongest parts, and drew all the forces from the out ports into St. Dorothy (a parish now merged in St. Catherine), St. Catherine, St. Andrew and Port Royal; and “some few” were left to defend the breastwork at Carlisle Bay. The people from St. Thomas and St. David, the most exposed positions, were called into St. Andrew and Kingston.

At Fort William and Port Morant the guns were spiked, the shot buried, and the powder brought away.

CARLISLE BAY
]

The French fleet, consisting of three men-of-war and twenty-three transports, appeared in the offing on June 17. Rollon, the admiral, sailed in the _Téméraire_, of fifty-four guns. Eight ships stayed about Port Morant, but the remainder went into Cow Bay, near Yallahs, where they laid waste the country, plundered the houses, murdered what inhabitants they could find, and generally behaved with barbarity.

On July 15 the fleet, having done all the damage it could in the neighbourhood of Port Morant, set sail, and after reconnoitring Port Royal, put into Cow Bay the next day. Fearing an attack on Kingston by land, Beeston sent a hundred men from St. Catherine to reinforce the troops guarding the Windward road; but on the morning of the 18th he saw seventeen ships making, as he rightly judged, for Carlisle Bay, thirty six miles from Spanish Town. He took prompt action. He sent to Carlisle Bay two troops of horse, and parts of the regiments of St. Catherine, Clarendon and St. Elizabeth, the foot to be mounted on what horses they could find. The cavalry and the mounted infantry got there that night, and those on foot “marched so hard” that they arrived by ten the next morning. The enemy had anchored in Carlisle Bay on the afternoon of the 18th. The editor of the earliest edition of the “Laws of Jamaica,” published in 1683, refers to “Carlisle Bay, a safe Road for Shipping, and there is likewise built a pretty Town of that name, of about 100 Houses which has a fine Trade, that also increases, as the Country does in Plantations.”

Into the breastwork, which was commanded by Colonel Sutton of Clarendon, who had constructed it, were packed 250 men, in addition to negroes, being those of the several regiments that had come in during the night. Beeston tells us that the fort was ill-made and worse contrived. “On the south was the sea, on the west a large river [the Rio Minho], and on the east they had left a wood standing,” which formed a natural covert for the enemy. They also failed to lay in provisions for either man or horse.

By daylight on the morning of the 19th the enemy had landed about 1400 or 1500 men about a mile and a half to the east of the breastwork, where the small guard, after firing on them, retreated to the breastwork, which the French attacked so hotly that the defenders had to retreat over the river, not, however, before they had fought bravely and killed many of the enemy. Just as the French forced the breastwork three or four companies of the St. Catherine regiment and one of the St. Elizabeth and some horse came in, weary, footsore and hungry with their march of about thirty-six miles from Spanish Town. Yet they fell on bravely on the right of the enemy and charged them so warmly that they not only prevented them from pursuing the party that had crossed the river, but made them retire.

Nothing but skirmishes took place till Sunday the 22nd, when the French marched upwards till they came to the house of a certain Mr. Hubbard, which was garrisoned with twenty men and well provisioned. Local tradition says that this stood where Gales, a hamlet now occupied by the Coolie barracks on Amity Hall estate, now is. Bridges, in his “Annals,” writing in 1828, said: “The brick house in which so gallant a stand was made, remains with the shot visible in its walls, and a solitary cotton tree in the road from the Abbey [_sic_, Alley] to Carlisle Bay still marks the rallying-point of the English and the grave of many a valiant soldier.” An attack on this house by the French resulted in the loss of several of their best officers, as the besieged were aided by a detachment from the Bay. On hearing that a more determined attack was intended on the morrow, Major Richard Lloyd, who was chosen to command, put fifty men into the house and prepared an ambuscade. But the French, finding that they had lost so many of their officers and men, and that they could not penetrate further into the country, contented themselves with firing the small town of Carlisle, spiking the guns and doing what mischief they could, and then retreated to their ships. On Tuesday, 24th, the whole fleet sailed—Du Casse and two or three ships going straight back to San Domingo, the rest staying only to put into Port Morant to wood and water and land prisoners. And thus ended the most serious attempt at the capture of Jamaica ever made upon its shores during the English occupation.

Beeston estimates that the French lost on the expedition, by their different engagements and sickness, about 700 men; of these about 550 were killed at Carlisle Bay, albeit Père Labat puts it down at 150 only. On the English side 100 were killed or wounded; but 50 sugar-works were destroyed and many plantations burnt, and about 1300 negroes carried off. Du Casse received a pension of 100 pistoles per annum.

A sum of £4000 was received as a royal bounty to the sufferers by the French invasion. When called upon by the House of Assembly to account for it, Beeston declined; and the House, refusing to proceed with business, was dissolved by him. The matter was subsequently allowed to drop.

Colonel Richard Lloyd, alluded to above, who was chief justice of Jamaica in 1696–98, entered, however, a caveat with the Council of Trade and Plantations, received by them on April 26, 1699, against the late act of Assembly for a present of £1500 to Sir William Beeston. He says: “The pretence for giving him this money is to reward his care in the time of the French invasion of that island. I was a principal actor against them at that time, and have a journal of the whole affair. It will be ready for the press by the beginning of next week. I intend to dedicate it to your Lordships, and think it may induce you to think he deserves not to be gratified for his behaviour on that occasion.” If the journal was ever printed, no copy is now known to exist. It is difficult to say where the truth lay in the dispute, at a time when corruption was rife in high places.

In consequence of this descent of the French, the Government set to work to guard the coast as well as it could, and Carlisle Fort was built the following year. When Leslie wrote in 1740 “A New History of Jamaica,” the fort was “now in ruins and little regarded.” There is little left of it now, and that little is in the sea—part being shown in the illustration on page 375.

When Long wrote his “History” in 1774, the town of Carlisle, so-called in honour of the Earl of Carlisle, who was governor in 1678–80, was only a hamlet of ten or twelve houses near the mouth of the Rio Minho, or, as it is sometimes called the Dry River. Now all that is left is Carlisle estate and one house at the Bay. As the mouth of the river is known to have moved of late years considerably further to the east, it is probably about the site of this house, now about half a mile from the river mouth, that the French landed.

In those days the parish of Vere, which was formerly called Withywood, was very thickly wooded. Later the trees were cut down to make way for the sugar-cane, which still holds its own, thanks to the adoption of the central factory system.

Withywood took its name, Long tells us in his History (1774), from its having been

formerly overspread with wood and withes when the English first
settled upon it, and which grew so thick that it was impossible to
walk among them without a cutlass to clear the way. This is the part
which, on account of its rich soil, was afterwards filled with indigo
and sugar works, the opulence of whose owners is spoken of by several
writers; and though it has been called in question by some, yet it is
very certain that more carriages of pleasure were at one time kept
there than in all the rest of the island, Spanish Town only excepted.
It is indeed almost incredible to think that vast fortunes were made
here by cultivation of this simple commodity.

And in describing the cultivation of Jamaica:

There were formerly upwards of seventy gentlemen’s carriages kept in
the parish of Vere, the vast profits of their indigo works enabled
them to live in such splendour; and that part of the country for its
number of houses and inhabitants, on both sides of the Rio Minho
resembled a populous town.

One may compare with this Rampini’s account of 1873, just one hundred years later than Long:

How can we describe the unutterably bare and barren character of the
scenery between the Alley and Four Paths, our half-way station on the
road to Chapelton?

Dusty roads, bordered with stunted logwood trees for miles; then dusty
roads without the logwood trees; then a dry river course full of rough
stones, which broke our buggy springs, and delayed us an hour to have
them tied up with ropes and branches; then more dusty roads and
logwood trees, and then dusty roads without logwood trees as before.
Not a bird to be seen, not a butterfly on the wing; not a bit of
colour, except a stray orchid or two, to break the drear monotony of
the landscape.

Rampini evidently visited Vere during a period of drought; or when he was suffering from dyspepsia.

Withywood appears as Wither Wood in Blome’s map of 1671, which is copied in Long’s History as “according to a survey made in the year MDCLXX.” The name does not appear on modern maps, though it was used as late as 1728 in the Journals of the House of Assembly. The village that has arisen around the old church is now known as Alley. Remains of the old indigo works are still to be seen here and there in the cane pieces, and indigo grows as a weed. There cotton was formerly cultivated extensively. As late as 1808 Vere had some cotton plantations, while at the same time there were thirty sugar estates. Cotton is again being grown there.

Vere, from 1673 to 1867, was a distinct parish of Jamaica, albeit it lost part of its area when Manchester was formed in 1814.

The =Church= itself, with its magnificent old cotton tree, forms one of the most attractive pictures of a simple type in Jamaica, and approaches more nearly to an English village church in character than any other in the colony. Built of brick, with stone quoins, it is a serviceable structure which has successfully withstood earthquake and hurricane since it was constructed in the earlier part of the 18th century, about 1715–35. It was originally a squat building about 33 ft. wide and some 48 ft. long with the present tower. The eastern end was erected and consecrated in 1872. Some monuments which Lawrence-Archer recorded are now covered by the flooring of the seats in the nave. On the other hand, some which he did not record are now visible in the nave.

On February 1, 1671, a petition was submitted to the Council by Christopher Horner, George Osborne, John Aldred, George Child, Tho. Coswell, Jno. Warren, Wm. Hinkston, Robt. Smith, James Jenner, Jno. Downer, and Phi. Robarts, inhabitants of Withywood and Dry River:

“that whereas His Excellency had recommended Mr. Lander to them for
their minister, and they had bought land and were building him a
church, and had provided him a competent maintenance, pray they may
not be liable to contribute to any other church within the parish.”
This was “referred to the next General Assembly in regard the justices
and vestry men of every parish are empowered by Act of the General
Assembly to lay such assessments and parish duties as they shall think
requisite and that power cannot be taken from them by the Governor and
Council only.”

There was a church in Withywood, although no parson, as early as 1675. Sir Thomas Lynch, writing in May of that year, says,

None but these four parishes, Port Royal, St. Catherine, St. John and
St. Andrew, are supplied, though there are 14 in the island. In Vere
or Withywood there is a church, and that and Clarendon parish
adjoining are able and willing to give a minister £100 per annum.

At a meeting of the Council held at St. Jago de la Vega on February 19, 1693,

The Council being acquainted that Mr. Samuell Cook, Rector of the
parish of Vere, was attending at the Door, To answer for a Certaine
Remonstrance by him writt and published, was ordered to be called in.
Then the Clerke of the Councill was ordered to read the same in his
presence. Acknowledged his Error and promised to give a Recantation
under his hand and presented to this board which he did accordingly
and was accepted of.

In a list of the Parishes, Churches and Ministers in Jamaica, April 18, 1715, under Vere is recorded “a church rebuilding” but no rector’s name is given.

In 1737 the Committee appointed by the Assembly to inspect the list of dockets of the charitable devises and donations in the Secretary’s office, drew up and submitted a very interesting analysis of the list, parish by parish.

So far as Vere is concerned we find that:

William Gibbons gave £20 for a communion plate; George Forsett in 1680
gave £10 for a church Bible and pulpit cloth; Andrew Knight in 1683
gave £20 to the church and poor; Hugh Gurge in 1687 gave £10 towards
building a church; Magdalen Fawcett in 1688 gave £10 to the poor, and
£10 for the minister and pall; Joseph Taylor in 1689 gave fourteen
acres of land for the minister and poor; John Moore in 1690 gave £150
towards building a church; Christian Flyer in 1715 gave £50 towards
building a wall round the church [then being built]; Nathaniel Skeen
in 1721 gave £100 for ornaments for the pulpit and pall; and Robert
Cargill in 1731 gave £30 towards building the church.

The principal monuments in the church are those to the Morants, the Gales and the Suttons, families long and honourably connected with Jamaica history as members of the Council and the Assembly and in other capacities; the Gales having, however, more to do with St. Elizabeth and Westmoreland than Vere. John Gale (1680–1721), the general Baptist Minister, son of Nathaniel Gale, “an eminent citizen” who had property in the West Indies, was evidently connected with this family. Colonel Jonathan Gale was custos of St. Elizabeth, and member for St. Elizabeth 1709–11, and for Westmoreland 1721–26.

THE ALLEY CHURCH
]

Vere gave but two speakers to the Assembly from among its members, Andrew Langley and William Pusey, but among its representatives were those bearing the well-known names of Ivy, Sutton, Vassall, Cargill, Beckford, Lawes, Morant, Dawkins, Nedham and Batty. Andrew Knight, who was its member in 1677–79, was, his tombstone tells us, custos of Clarendon and Vere, and he was probably its first custos.

John Morant settled in Jamaica soon after the occupation. His son John Morant, Custos of Clarendon and Vere, married Mary Pennant, aunt of the first Lord Penrhyn.

Edward Morant, son of John, represented Vere in 1752, 1754, in both the Assembly of 1755, and in 1756. He was called up to the Council in 1757, left Jamaica in 1760, and purchased Brockenhurst manor, which is owned by his descendants. In 1761 he was elected M.P. for Hindon. On July 16, 1791, as he was driving in Kensington, his horses took fright, when he was precipitated from his carriage, carried home senseless, and died four days afterwards. He married first in Clarendon, June 10, 1754, Eleanor Angelina, widow of William Dawkins, member for Portland in 1749, and St. Thomas in the Vale in 1752, whose tombstone in Clarendon old church is inscribed:

Here lieth the Body of
William Dawkins Esqre.,
of this Parish, who died
the 14th of December,
1752, aged 26 years.

Edward Morant married secondly in England, April 22, 1762, a Miss Goddard, grand-daughter and only remaining descendant of President John Gregory, who twice administered the government of Jamaica, on the refusal of Edward Pennant, the senior member of the Council, to act in that capacity.

Elizabeth Morant, daughter of John Morant, the younger, and sister of Edward, married in Vere, January 11, 1753–54, her cousin, William Gale, who represented Hanover in 1754 and 1755, and St. John in the second Assembly of 1755, and in 1756. He was the younger son of John Gale, the member of Council, who in 1747 first settled the estate of York (from the county of his ancestors) in this parish, and died 1749–50. Another mural monument in the church commemorates his elder son, a younger daughter, himself and his daughter-in-law.

Lawrence-Archer records Colonel Thomas Sutton, who played an important part in the successful repulse of the French at Carlisle Bay in 1694; but the monument is no longer to be seen. It probably is hidden by the flooring of the nave. It is to be regretted that copies of the inscriptions were not taken before they were covered up.

One of the most interesting accounts of the earthquake which destroyed Port Royal in 1692 is “The Truest and Largest Account of the Late Earthquake in Jamaica, June the 7th, 1692, Written by a Reverend Divine there to his Friend in London. With some Improvement thereof by another Hand. London: Printed, and are to be sold by J. Buttler, Bookseller at Worcester, 1693,” of which a copy is in the library of the Institute of Jamaica, and a reprint is given in the second volume of the “Journal of the Institute of Jamaica.” It is dated “Withywood, in the parish of Vere, June 30th, 1692.” Nothing is known for certain of the author. He was probably the Thomas Hardwicke who was made rector of Vere by the Earl of Carlisle in 1678. The following extract shows how Vere fared in the great calamity:

It overthrew all the Brick and Stone buildings in the Countrey,
whereof several in my own Parish, which now are either leveled with
the ground or standing Monuments of the Wrath of God, are so shattered
and torn that they are irrepairable. While these were trembling, the
Earth opened in my Parish in multitudes of Places, and through thier
dire Chasms spew’d out Water to a considerable height above ground, in
such quantities in some Places, that it made our Gullies run on a
suddain, tho’ before exceeding dry; in so much that some were afraid
of being overwhelmed at once by the River and Sea joining together to
swallow up the Countrey, especially nigh the River, in the purest
Mould, which had not Clay or other Consolidating Matter beneath to
oppose the force of the Fountain of the Deep breaking up; for where
that was, we do not find any cracks of the Earth at all; and yet it
pleases God that we in the Parish have escaped the Danger much better
than our Neighbour Parishes; for happening to content ourselves with
mean and low built Houses, for the most part built with Timber, and
boarded, or with Cratches set deep in the ground and Plaistered, such
Houses are generally standing: So that we have means to assist one
another in this calamitous distress.

In 1728 the finances of the parish were in such a bad condition that a Bill was passed by the Assembly to reduce the rector’s salary from £150 to £100.

Under date February 11, 1803, Lady Nugent records that “The Admiral brought Mr. and Mrs. Ledwich and Captain Dunn with him.” This may refer either to the rector of Vere or to his brother, G. Ledwich, the rector of Port Royal. On July 2 she entertained “the Mr. and Mrs. Ledwich” again.

The following is a list of the rectors as complete as it has possible to make it:

1671. Rev. Lander.
1675. Vacant.
1678. Rev. Thomas Hardwicke.
1693. Rev. Samuel Cook.
1701. Rev. Richard Tabor.
1716. Rev. James White.
1762–63. Rev. Samuel Griffiths, A.M. Cantab.
1763–70. Rev. John Lindsay, D.D.
1770–72. Rev. John Wolcot (Peter Pindar).
1776. Rev. William Morgan.
1782–94. Rev. Francis Johnstone.
1795–96. Rev. Thomas Markly.
1797–1802. Rev. Edward Ledwich.
1803. Vacant.
1804. Rev. Thomas Underwood.
1805. Rev. Humphries.
1806. Vacant.
1807–09. Rev. Isaac Mann.
1811–15. Rev. Edmund Pope, LL.D.
1816. Rev. John M’Cammon Trew.
1817–20. Rev. George Crawford Ricketts Fearon.
1821–24. Rev. Joseph Jefferson.
1825. Rev. Edward F. Hughes.
1826. Rev. Urquhart Gillespie Rose.
1827. Rev. Henry V. Towton, M.D. Edin. 1817.
1828–44. Rev. John Smith, A.B.
1845–47. Rev. B. Robinson, B.A.
1849–50. Rev. J. Williams.
1851. Rev. W. S. Coward.
1855–69. Rev. Thomas Garrett, B.A.
1870. Rev. Alexander Foote.
1871–76. Rev. C. Douet, B.A. (later Assistant Bishop).
1876. Rev. C. T. Husband.
1905. Rev. S. Negus.

Griffiths accompanied the Governor, William Henry Lyttelton, to the island in 1762, and was in the same year presented to the rectory of Vere. He afterwards removed to St. Dorothy, and later to St. Jago de la Vega. Of Dr. Lindsay some account was given in the notice of the Cathedral.

Wolcot, satirist and poet, best known perhaps by his satires on the King and the Royal Academy, accompanied as physician his kinsman, Sir William Trelawny, when he came out to take up the governorship of Jamaica in 1767. They were both Cornishmen, and Wolcot had been chaplain on Trelawny’s ship when the latter was a captain in the navy. Finding that medical prospects in Jamaica were not promising he returned to England in 1769, and took orders with a view to being appointed rector of St. Ann, the Bishop of London ordaining him deacon and priest on succeeding days. Returning to Jamaica early in 1770 he found the rectory of St. Ann not vacant, and he was appointed to Vere. He was _ex-officio_ a trustee of the Vere School. He lived with the Governor at Spanish Town and performed most of his duties by deputy. In May of the same year he was appointed physician general to the horse and foot soldiers in the island. He lived on terms of close intimacy with the Trelawnys, and one of his earlier poems, “The Nymph of Tauris,” which first saw the light of day in Jamaica, is an elegy on the death of Ann Trelawny, sister to Sir William. Soon after the Governor’s death, which occurred in December 1772, Wolcot accompanied Lady Trelawny to England, and Redding in his “Recollections Literary and Personal,” tells us that her death shortly afterwards robbed him of a future wife.

While rector of Vere he published a work entitled “Persian Love Elegies, to which is added the Nymph of Tauris,” printed in Kingston in 1773 by Joseph Thompson and Co. It is dedicated to Lady Trelawny. This work is, apart from the Kingston printed Almanac of 1751, the oldest Jamaica printed book in the library of the Institute.

The following tale is told of Wolcot’s ready wit in Jamaica. At a dinner-party given by Pusey Manning of Vere, he jokingly introduced the rector to a stranger in the following manner, “This is Dr. Wolcot, the unworthy incumbrance of this parish.” “And this, Sir,” retorted Wolcot, “is Pusey Manning, Esq., the scabbiest sheep in my flock.”

The east window of the church is filled with stained glass, and stained glass is in two lights of the west window. That to the south is “In memory of Marie Sophie, the beloved wife of James Harvey, who died on July 24, 1871, aged 41 years”: that to the north is “In memory of George Harrison Townsend, died July 10, 1846, and Sarah Bevil his wife died Feb. 22, 1871.”

The church owns a most interesting chalice and paten: on the former is inscribed “The Gift of Ralph Rippon, sen., to the Parish Church of Vere, in Jamaica, 1687”: on the paten “Ralph Rippon, 1687.” Except for the paten at Yallahs, which dates from 1683, these are the oldest examples of plate in the colony. Both bear the date mark of 1685. The chalice is typical of what Cripps calls “the rude vessels of the latter part of the century.” Rippon represented Vere in the Assembly from 1726 to 1733, with an interval in 1731, when he sat for St. Elizabeth.

The following are the principal tombs in Vere Church, those that are given in Lawrence-Archer being so stated:

MURAL MONUMENTS

1. Underneath, amidst the ashes of her father, mother, brothers and
sisters, lyes interred the body of Elizabeth, daughter to ye Honble.
John Gale, Esq., and Elizabeth, his wiffe, who dyed April the 30,
1761, in the 34th year of her age, in memory of whose many amiable
qualities her Husband Daniel McGilchrist, Esq., hath erected this
monument of his love and regard to one of the best of wives.

[In Lawrence-Archer, who, however, omits the arms:—A lion rampant:
impaling a bar charged with 3 lions heads between 3 pairs of fish in
saltire.]

2. Beneath this marble, in this pew, lieth interred the body’s of the
Honourable John Morant, Esq., who departed this life October the 3rd
anno domini 1723, in the 44th year of his age, and his son, John
Morant, Esq., who departed this life February the 6th, anno domini
1734, in the 36th year of his age, and also Elizabeth, the wife of
John Gale, Esq., daughter of John Morant the elder, who departed this
life January the 10th, 1740, in the 34th year of her age.

_Arms_—Gules, a fess lozengy argent and azure, between three talbots
passant or.

[In Lawrence-Archer, who has “38th year” for “36th year,” and calls
the azure sable, and puts rampant for passant.]

3. Near this place are deposited the remains of John Morant, who died
the 9th of August, 1741, aged 18, William Morant, who died the 9th of
November, 1744, aged 19, Samuel Morant, who died the ... October 1752,
aged 18, Eleanor Angelina Morant, who died the 5th of February, 1756,
aged 24, Mary Morant, who died the 9th August, 1759, aged 60.

_Arms_—Gules a fess lozengy argent or sable, between three talbots or.

[In Lawrence-Archer, who has “1756” for 1759.]

4. Near this place are deposited the remains of John Gale, Esquire,
who departed this life on the 24th June 1758, aged 24 year, Sarah
Gale, who died on 29th August, 1748, aged 14 year, the Honble. John
Gale, Esquire, who died on 27th February, 1749–50, aged 52 year,
Jonathan Gale, who died 30th April, 1756, aged 25 year, and Elizabeth,
the wife of William Gale, and daughter of John Morant, Esquire, who
departed this life the 14th of June, 1759, aged 31 year.

_Arms_—Quarterly 1 and 4, on a fess between three pairs of fish in
saltire as many lions heads erased; 2 and 3 a chevron between three
talbots passant.

[In Lawrence-Archer, who gives “1743” for 1748, omits all reference to
Jonathan Gale, and calls the fish in saltire merely saltires.]

5. To the memory of the Hon. Kean Osborn of Caswell Hill in the parish
of Vere and of Montpelier, Saint Thomas-in-the-East, late Speaker of
the House of Assembly in this Island, who departed this life the 4th
of September, 1820, at Mont-sur-Vaudray, in France, on his way to
Italy for the health of the wretched survivor, Elizabeth Osborn.

6. Sacred to the memory of Ennis Read, Esq., who departed this life on
the 10th day of Novr., 1771, aged 58, and of Margaret, his wife, who
died on the 29th of Septr., 1745, aged 34. A pair that by a primæval
purity of manners acquired the universal esteem of and reflected
honour on human nature. To the world their lives were fair models of
imitation: their last moments an instructive lesson that shew’d with
what fortitude and serenity, virtue can support her votaries in the
awful hour of dissolution.

O’er Birth and Titles let the column heave
And venal flattery mock the lifeless ear,
Far nobler honours grace your humble grave,
Truth’s simple sigh and Virtue’s sacred tear.

_Arms_—Azure a griffin rampant or, impaling between three stags
passant or a chevron charged with three rosettes gules.

7. Erected to the memory of Saml. Alpress Geo. Osborn, lieutenant 74th
regiment, aged 20 years, who departed this life on the 26th September,
1828, at Gibraltar, of the malignant fever prevalent there, by his
broken-hearted grandmother, Elizabeth Osborn....

8. George Cussans Richards, Esqr., Obit. Jany. 1828. Erected to the
memory of their relative by John Morant, George Morant, Esquires, Sir
John and Lady Lambert. Sacred to the memory of Edward Sympson, Esqre.,
younger son of Robert Sympson, Esqr., of Monymusk, in this parish.
Previous to his residence in this island, he served with credit many
years in the royal navy and was present at the Battle of Navarino,
20th October, 1827, in H.M. Ship _Asia_, 84 guns, Admiral Sir Edward
Codrington, G.C.B. He obtained and preserved the universal goodwill
and affection of his comrades and of those amongst whom his lot was
subsequently cast. Died at Monymusk, March 8th, 1846, aged 33 years.

9. Near this monument lies interred the body of John Pusey. Esqr., who
died the 24th day of January, 1767, aged 75 years, Disinterestedly
sincere, and uniformly steady in the interest of his native country;
he lived truly and justly venerated. Unsolicitous of public honours,
he knew no ambition but that of doing good; and possessing a soul rich
in humanity and benevolence which poured forth its bounty with a
generous and unbounded hand. He died gratefully lamented.

_Arms_—Gules 2 bars or. Crest: a cat o’mountain statant gules.

10. In memory of John, who died the 14th January, 1860, also of Mary
Agatha, who died 22 March, 1862, the infant children of Rev. Thos.
Garrett, M.A., rector of this parish, and of Sarah, his wife, this
tablet was erected in the 16th year of his incumbency, in the year of
the Lord, 1869.

11. Sacred to the memory of Anna Maria, widow of the late Stephen
Hannaford, Esquire, of Amity Hall, in the parish of St. Dorothy, who
departed this life on the 20th day of January, 1874, in the 68th year
of her age. Deeply regretted by her family and friends who mourne her
loss.

12. Sacred to the memory of William Lewis, who died at Moreland
Estate, August 4th, 1838, aged 41 years. Beloved, esteemed and
respected by everyone who knew him as an able, kind and honest man,
the loss of whom is by no one more sincerely regretted and lamented
than by Robert and Edward Sympson of Moneymusk Estate, who have caused
this tablet to be erected to his memory.

13. Sacred to the memory of William Collman, Esquire, born 15th May,
1807, died 25th January, 1853, at Caswell Hill Estate, in the Parish
of Vere. Also George Munro Collman, born Nov. 29th, 1834, died 29th
May, 1853, at Bushy Park Estate in the parish of St. Dorothy, and
Elizabeth Caroline Collman, born 28th August, 1846, died 27th July,
1849, at Salt River in the parish of Vere. As a tribute of conjugal
and maternal remembrance this tablet has been inscribed by Elizabeth
Collman.

14. Sacred to the memory of George Willett Hannaford, youngest son of
the late Stephen Hannaford, Esq., of the parish of St. Dorothy, who
departed this life on the 23rd day of October, 1875, in the 37th year
of his age....

15. In memory of Canute Wilson, many years Clerk of the Peace for this
parish, this monument is erected by the many friends who experienced
his kindness. He departed this life at Gibbons on the 16th October,
1848, aged 47 years.

16. To the memory of Emma Edwardes, only daughter of Richard Crewe,
Esqr., of Raymonds Estate, and wife of John Pusey Edwardes, Esq., of
Pusey Hall, at which place she died on the 23rd of November, 1820....

Near this place lies intern’d with her parents, &c., the body of Mrs.
Deborah Gibbons, wife to Willm. Gibbons, Esq., and daughter of John
Favell, Esq., of ye county of York, who departed this life the 20th of
July, 1711, in the 29th year of her age. To summ up her character in
brief she was one of the best of women and a most pious Christian. She
left only one daughter, who married the Honble. James Lawes, eldest
son of Sir N. S. Lawes, Kt., Governor of this island, who in honour to
the memory of so good a parent erected this monument to her.

_Arms_—Or a lion rampant sable surmounted by a bend argent charged
with three escallops argent: impaling sable a chevron argent between
three escallops argent.

17. Sacred to the memory of William Pusey, Esq., representative in
Assembly for this parish & Colonel of the Midland Division of horse
militia, who died the 11th day of June, 1783, aged 42 years. And of
Elizabeth, his wife, who departed this life the 8th day of June, 1780,
in her 40th year.

While here a brother’s sorrowing eye
Surveys the melancholy stone;
Dear Shades! Accept a Muse’s sigh,
A Muse that mourns for worth alone.

[This epitaph is said to have been written by Peter Pindar].

18. A tribute to filial and parental affection, this monument is
erected by Kean Osborn, Esq., and Elizabeth, his wife, to the memory
of her father, the Honble. Samuel Alpress, Esquire, of Caswell Hill,
in this parish, and of Margaret Eleanor, her mother. Also to the
memory of the two sons of Kean Osborn and Elizabeth his wife, Samuel
Alpress Osborn, who departed this life on xxx day of July MDCCCI, on
his passage from this island to resume his studies at Trinity Hall,
Cambridge; and of Kean Osborn, a Captain in the Vth Dragoon Guards,
and a Q.M.G., to Lt. Genl. Sir Thomas Picton’s Division, who fell at
the Battle of Salamanca in Spain on the xxii day of July MDCCCXII,
after having distinguished himself at the Battle of Vimeira and
besieges of Ciudad Rodrigo & Badajos.

[Executed in Rome, 1818.]

19. In memory of Robert Edward Mitchell, who died in the discharge of
his duty, April 3, 1899, aged 28.

20. In memory of Robert Charles Gibb, M.R.C.S., Eng., L.S.A., who for
over twenty years worked faithfully as a medical man in this parish.
Died at Lismore House, St. Andrew, Jany. 27th, 1900, aged 49 years and
was interred at Halfway-Tree.

21. Erected by many friends to the glory of God & in memory of the
Rev. Charles Townshend Husband, rector of St. Peter’s Vere from 1876
to 1904. Died 28th January, 1904.

ON THE FLOOR OF THE NAVE

22. D.O.M.L. In piam memoriam dni dni Andrer, Knight, Rotulorum
Custodis et Supremi Judicis communium placitorum in Provinciis
Clarendon et Vere in Jamaica, et turmae pedestris centurionis, qui
obiit 42^o aetatis anno, 19^o julii, 1683.

EPITAPHIUM

Dives opum Andreas: famae virtutis et artis
ditior; hocque magis dives honoris erat.
Plura darent superi, ni fata invicta negarent
sternendo humani [_sic_] futile molis onus.
Ni superi tamen huic et sors sibi fida deessent
urna tenet corpus, mens habet alta polum,
dicat, vovet, dedicat.
Ja. Barclay.

_Arms_—... on a fess ... between three bulls heads erased ... (each
with a ring in its nose ...) a fret between two eagles close....

[In Lawrence-Archer; now in great part covered up.]

It may be thus translated:

To God, the best and greatest, praise.

In affectionate memory of Sir Andrew Knight, Custos Rotulorum: and
Chief Judge of the Court of Common Pleas in the Parishes of Clarendon
and Vere in Jamaica, Captain of a troop of infantry, who died in the
42nd year of his age, 19th July, 1683.

EPITAPH

Rich in this world’s goods was Andrew: richer in his renown for virtue
and learning: and therefore the richer in honours. The Gods above had
given him more, had not the fates unconquerable gainsaid it by laying
low the worthless burden of human toil. Yet unless the Gods above and
his destiny, faithful to itself, proved wanting, a funeral now holds
his body, his soul soaring on high is in heaven.

James Barclay, gives vows and dedicates this.

23. Here lyes the body of John Favell, Esqr., who died March the 20th,
1720–21, aged 72 years.

_Arms_—A chevron between 3 escallops.

24. Here lyeth ye body of George Fawcett ... of William Fawcett of ...
ewill in ye county of York, who departed this life 13th day of
January, 1681.

[Partly covered.]

25. In memory of Cap. John Watt, who departed this life April 20th, in
the year of our Lord, 1767, aged 54 years.

26. Here lies the body of John Pusey, Esquire, who died the 24th of
January, 1767, aged 75 years.

27. ... yeth interr’d the body of ... grett Read, wife of ... is Read,
who departed ... the 29th day of September ...ar of our Lord, 1745,
and in ...ty second year of her age.

_Arms_—A griffin rampant. [Partly covered.]

The following are given by Lawrence-Archer but are not now visible:

28. Here lyeth interr’d the body of Coll. Thomas Sutton, who departed
this life, the 15th day of November, in the seventy-second year of his
age, and in the year of our Lord God, 1710. B.M. Slab.

29. (Ab.) In memory of John Sutton, son of John Sutton, Esq., of this
parish ... (Eulogium). Post tam illustre diluculum qualis expectandus
esset meridies? Sed nubes—sed tenebrae—sed umbra mortis. He was cut
off in the flower of his age by the violence of a fever, 23rd August,
anno 1745. W.M. Slab.

IN CHURCHYARD

30. Sacred to the memory of Walter Comrie, eldest son of Walter
Sterling Comrie, late of the parish of Westmoreland, obt. 12 October,
1880, aged 46 years.

31. This tomb was erected by Mr. Daniel Callaghan, consignee, and
Messrs. Anderson Thomson & Co., owners of the barque _Vere_ of London
in memory of their loyal friend and servant Archibald Boyd, who traded
regularly to Jamaica in command of the above vessel for many years. He
died at Pusey Hall in this parish on the 24th December 1862, in the
52nd year of his age, & was buried thre.

32. Beneath this stone lieth the body of Ann Livingston, the beloved
wife of William Livingston Reid, born 11th April, 1880, died on the
12th February, 1861, aged 53 years.

Raines Waite, in the year 1694, left the remainder of his estate to poor children. As several persons of the old parish of Vere (which included a part of the present parish of Manchester) had made several charitable donations, consisting of lands, slaves and money, for the use of the said parish, without giving any particular directions or making any particular appointments touching the management or disposal of the proceeds of these gifts, an act of the Island Legislature was passed in 1740, vesting the funds of the Charity in certain trustees for the purpose of erecting buildings and endowing a free school at the Alley in the then parish of Vere, for the education and maintenance of as many poor children as the trustees might approve of. The present =Free School= at the Alley was founded under the provisions of this Act, which was amended by an act of 1768 and again by 18 Vic. c. 54. When Bridges wrote: “The funds at present amount to £12,000, vested in Island certificates, bearing 6 per cent. interest, with a parcel of land rented to Moneymusk estate, for £383 per annum, and some slaves, leased by the proprietor of Pusey Hall estate for the annual sum of £103. There is besides an excellent house, with five acres of land, and the establishment, which has been lately opened to the adjoining parishes of Manchester and Clarendon, maintains twelve boys.”

In 1908 a secondary school was established.

Of =Hillside= Peter Pindar wrote a ballad entitled “The Fisherman,” published in the “Columbian Magazine” for 1797, commencing:

At Hillside where you’ll meet with most excellent Cheer,
Good Burgundy, Claret, Hock, Cyder and Beer,
Where the Master and Mistress seem both to Contest,
Who shall treat with most kindness and welcome each Guest.

The site of the old parish church of Clarendon, known as the =Church of the White Cross=, as distinguished from that of the Red Cross (the Cathedral) at Spanish Town, was on a rising piece of land about four miles from May Pen and eight from Old Harbour. It is now covered with dense undergrowth, and very few even of the negro squatters in the district know of its whereabouts. The bush was recently so thick that two men were necessary to cut a path through with machettes; and though the old rectory was found, an hour’s search failed to discover the church.

The face of the country has been completely altered since the old days, but it is difficult to understand why such an out-of-the-way situation should have been selected. The only road in the district used when the church was dedicated was the present rough parochial road from May Pen which debouches on to the Free Town road about half a mile from Old Harbour. This latter road was not, it is believed, in existence 150 years ago, so that the old road probably was continued to Old Harbour Bay, whither the sugar from the estates in Upper Clarendon was conveyed. It is about three-quarters of a mile from the church, and now there is no trace of any road connecting them.

MORGAN’S VALLEY
]

The old church has now completely disappeared, as not so long ago local squatters pulled the walls down to utilise the stones. On the occasion of a visit in 1907 the walls of strong masonry were still standing, undamaged by the recent earthquake, though the roof had fallen in, several of its beams lying rotting in the grass. It was evidently a very small stone building, not more than 40 by 20 ft., though at the west end there was a small room about 12 ft. square, probably a vestry. The walls were not more than 10 ft. high.

The foundations of the rectory are clearly visible, distant about 300 yards in the bush. Local tradition is that it was a large house with good stables. It was evidently built of bricks and must have been of a good size, larger than the church. There was a churchyard immediately joining the house. Besides traces of several other graves, there is a bricked and railed-in space containing several gravestones level with the ground. The slabs have no armorial bearing, but contain a full list of the virtues appertaining to the Hon. Edward Pennant (1736), chief justice and president of the Council, and of his wife Elizabeth (1735), Francis Reading (1738), and, William Dawkins, who died in 14/12/32 (1752), aged 26 years.

Sir Henry Morgan, the buccaneer governor (1675–82), is commemorated in =Morgan’s Valley=, where he for some time is said to have resided.

The =Chapelton Church=, dedicated to St. Paul, was built at the time when the present parish of Clarendon was divided into the parishes of Clarendon and Vere. The “Cross” Church, near May Pen, now in ruins, was then the parish church of Clarendon. The Chapelton Church was built as a chapel of “ease” to the Cross Church, and was the first place of worship of any size erected in Upper Clarendon. It was commonly known as the “Chapel,” and the village around it took the name from the church, being called “Chapel Town,” and in the course of time shortened into its present form, Chapelton. The oldest records go back to the year 1666.

The building when first erected was about one-fourth of its present size. It was then enlarged to half its present size, and finally was increased to its present size. This history of the growth of the church accounts for the fact that the old building had a double roof with a column of pillars down the centre. It appears that after the Cross Church fell into disuse, the daughter church of St. Paul’s, Chapelton, became the Parish Church of Upper Clarendon, and what was then called “Lime Savannah Chapel” (now St. Gabriel’s Church) took the place of the old church at the Cross.

The list of incumbents as far as it has been possible to complete it is as follows:

Rev. Edward Reading.
1765 (about). Rev. Michael Smith.
1769. Rev. Richard Call.
1771. Rev. William Pagett, A.M.
1775. Rev. Thomas Pool.
1779. Rev. Isham Baggs.
1794. Rev. Adam Sibbit.
1804. Rev. Alexander Campbell.
1806. Rev. Hugh Price Hughes.
1808. Rev. Wm. Henry Lynch.
1811. Rev. Lewis Bowerbank.
1814. Rev. Thomas P. Williams.
1820. Rev. G. C. R. Fearon.
1822. Rev. J. W. Austin.
1840. Rev. Sam. Hy. Stewart, LL.D.
1852. Rev. Chas. Hy. Hall.
1877. Rev. Hy. Wase Whitfield.
1897. Rev. C. P. Muirhead.
1913. Rev. R. J. Macpherson.

There are monuments to John Moore (d. 1733), the grandfather of Henry Moore, lieutenant governor of Jamaica and Governor of New York; to Edward Pennant (d. 1736); to Elizabeth his wife (d. 1735), from whom descended the Barons Penrhyn; to Thomas Beach (d. 1774), Attorney-General and Chief Justice, and grandfather to Sir Henry de la Beche, the eminent geologist.

HALSE HALL
]

The =Halse Hall= Burial-Ground contains a tomb of the Halse family—Major Thomas Halse (d. 1702), who came from Barbados with Penn and Venables, and Thomas Halse (d. 1727); on =Old Plantations= Estate are tombs of Henry Dawkins (d. 1744), a member of the Assembly for Vere, and James Dawkins (d. 1757); at =Sheckle’s= estate is the tomb of John Sheckle (d. 1782), the custos of Clarendon and Vere. =Kemp’s Hill Look-out= is about four miles north of the Alley; on the top of the hill are some old cannon. The look-out commanded a view of Carlisle Bay. At =Harmony Hall= is an Arawâk kitchen-midden; at =Mountain River= (St. John’s) are Arawâk rock-carvings (illustrated in the “Journal of the Institute of Jamaica”); at Jackson’s Bay and Three Sandy Bay are caves with Arawâk remains. The mountain, =Juan de Bolas=, was the haunt of the leader of rebellious negroes of that name who surrendered to the English soldiers soon after the conquest. At =Longville=, named after Samuel Long, who came out with Penn and Venables and settled there, on the Rio Minho, are indications of the places where the Spaniards washed for gold.

According to reports furnished to the Assembly for 1832 and 1833 by the physician, A. Murchison, M.D., there were 112 patients admitted to =Milk River Baths= in the former year and 82 in the latter. In both cases a large proportion suffered from disorders of the stomach and liver, and rheumatism.

Moses Kellet, who represented Clarendon in the Assembly in 1746–51, was the owner of =Kellets= in Clarendon.

INDEX

Names of ships are printed in _italics_

Abercromby, Sir Ralph, 72

Able, Eliz., 244

Accompong, 325, 327, 335, 369

Adelaide street, 123

“Adelgitha,” 356

Adelphi, 342

Admiral’s Mountain, 72, 211

— Pen, 66, 72, 210, 211

Affleck, Rear-Admiral Philip, 210

_Africa_, 332

Agricultural Department, 24, 25

— Society, 28, 99

Agua Alta Bahia, 9

Aguacadiba, 273

Agualta, 11, 217, 308

— Vale, 179, 265

Aikman, A., 103

Akee, 25

Akers, Mrs. 137

Akjampong, 325

Albemarle, Christopher, Duke of, xiii, 16, 114, 172

Albert, Prince, 79

Albion Estate, 252

Aldred, John, 380

_Alexander_, 169

Allen, Grant, 118

Alley, 377, 379, 380

— Church, 382

— Free School, 393

Allman, George, 155

— Thomas, 155

Allwood, Robert, xvii, 103

Almanac, Jamaica, 39, 320, 386

Almond tree, 25

Alpress, Hon. Samuel, 390

— Margaret Eleanor, 390

Alsop, Rev. William, 94

Alta Mela, 9, 11

_Ambuscade_, 75

America, 272

American Hotels Company, 218

Ameyro, 274

Amiens, Peace of, 332

Amity Hall, 389

— — Estate, 377

Anderson, Thomson and Co., 392

Andreiss, Lieut.-Col. Barnard, 353

— Tomb of, 371

Andress, Major, 352

Anglin, Elizabeth, 339, 340

— Philip, 339

Annals of Jamaica, 295

_Anne_, 333

Annotto Bay, 259, 266

Aqueducts, 13, 220

Arawâk beads, 3

— carvings, 270

— caves, 342, 368, 371, 397

— huts, 12

— implements, 182

— Indians, 1, 267

— kitchen-midden, 146, 292, 318, 342, 345, 397

— pottery, 182, 269

— remains, 146, 233, 253, 368, 371, 397

— rock-carvings, 146, 266, 318, 342, 397

Archæology, 6

Archbishop of the West Indies, 162

Archbold, Henry, 197

Archbould, 235

— Henry, 217, 262

— Lieut.-Col. Henry, 216

— Col. Henry, 216

—, James, 217

— Major William, 217

— Sarah Elizabeth, 217

Architecture, 13

_Ardent_, 74

Arms, 182

Arrowroot, 271

Ash, George, 323, 341

Ashmore, Charles, 181

_Asia_, 333, 389

Assembly, House of, 15–17, 47, 69, 92, 98, 101, 111, 119, 124, 127,
132, 149, 156, 174, 175, 177, 179, 185, 191, 209, 210, 214, 219,
226, 235, 240, 261, 265, 293, 300, 309, 319, 332, 337, 374, 377, 387

Assiento, 109, 138, 213

Atherton, Rev. W. B., B.A., 178

Atkins, John, 4, 62

— Rev. Robert, 165

Auchindown, 371

Auracabeza, 9

Austin, Rev. Canon John W., 94, 322, 396

Aylmer, 124

— Colonel Whitgift, 127, 128

Ayscough, John, xiv, xv, xviii, 124

Bacon, John, 12, 120, 123, 167–169, 323

Baggs, Rev. Isham, 396

Baily, E. H., R.A., 191

Balaclava, 370

Balcarres, Alexander Earl of, xiv, 181, 327, 328, 331, 337–38

Balcarres Hill, 258

Ballard, Colonel, 289

— Mary, 360

Bancroft, Dr. E. N., 170, 176

Bang, Aaron, 171, 223

Banks, Sir Joseph, 249, 310, 367

Bannister, Maj.-Gen. James, xv

Banns, 165

Baptism Registers, 24, 93, 126, 166, 199, 206, 322

— of slaves, 166, 206

Baptist Ground, 195

Baptists, 161, 188

Barba, 275, 278

“Barbados Gazette,” 39

Barbican, 304

Barclay, James, 391

_Barfleur_, 73, 75, 122

Barham, 25, 33

Barker, Andrew, 230

Barkly, Sir Henry, xiv, 36, 106

Barne, G. H., xx

Barnes, Joseph, 170

Barnes Gully, 155, 170

Barnett, 342

Baron-Wilson, Mrs. Margaret, 353

Barracks, 19, 146, 193, 302, 303, 333

Barrett, Elizabeth, 318

— Richard, xvii, 33

Barrett street, 123

Barrow, Thomas, xix

Barry, Colonel Samuel, xviii, 199, 206, 234, 235, 287

Barry street, 155

Bath, 247

— Court House, 248

— Garden, 25, 175

Bartholomew, Rev. W., 348

Batty, 382

— FitzHerbert, xx

— Richard, 12

Bayly, Nathaniel, 308

— Zachary, 205, 210, 307, 308

Baynes, Rev. W. W., 348

Bayona, Peter de, 281, 283

Beach, Thomas, xviii, xix, 124, 175, 396

Beads, Indian, 3, 270, 273

Beaumont, Augustus Hardin, 340

— Jamima, 166

Beckford, 124, 267, 360, 382

— Ballard, 174, 360

— Nathaniel, xv

— Colonel Peter, xiii, xv, xvii, 33, 45, 47, 71, 98, 101, 102, 206,
247, 359, 360

— Peter, junr., xvi, xvii

— Richard, xvii, xix, 358, 362

— Robert, 206

— Sir Thomas, xvii, 175, 359, 360

— William, 304, 354, 361–67

Beckford and Smith School, 102, 361

— Lodge, 367

— street, 123, 154, 367

— Town, 358

Beeston, 375, 377

— Edward, 200

— Henry, 200

— Jane, 200

— Sir William, xiii, xvi, xxiii, 45, 48, 60, 150, 158, 199, 200, 201,
206, 213, 247, 352, 373, 375, 377

— Lady, 158

Beeston street, 154

Bell, Maj.-Gen. E. Wells, xiv, 181

Belle Vue, 270

Bellthrapp, Richard, 249

Belmore, Somerset Earl of, xiv

Belvedere, 249

Benbo, Admiral John, xx, 46, 59, 170, 172, 207, 374

Benbow, tomb of, 167

Bendish, 266

Bennett, George, 200

— Rev. Philip, 94

— Thomas, xxii

Berkeley, Maj.-Gen. Sackville, xiv, 181

Bernaldez, 129, 270

Bernard, Peter, xviii

— Samuel, xvi, xviii, 55, 204

Berry, Mr., 228

Berthaville, 228

_Bethania_, 80

Bevil, Sarah, 387

Bickell, Rev. R., 161

Birds, 273

Bishop of Antigua, 162

— of Honduras, 162

— of North Carolina, 162

— of St. Albans, 162

Black Carolina Corps, 227

Blackfield Bay, 352

Blackheath, 38

Blackmore, Francis, 55

_Blackmore_, 287

Black River, 12, 355, 356, 369

Black Rod, 108

Blackwood, 221

Blagrove, 291

— Henry John, 293

— John, 291, 292, 293, 341

— Peter, 295

— Thomas, 293

Blair, John, xvii

Blake, 353

— Anne, 318

— Sir Henry Arthur, xv, 301

— James, 306

— Lady, 338

— William, xvii, 121

Blake road, 155

Bleby, 76

Bleevelt, 349

Blew Fields, 349

Bligh, Captain, 25, 26

— Commodore Richard Rodney, xxi

Blimbling, 26

Block-house, 334

Blome, 13, 40, 348, 349

Blome’s map, 379

Bloody Bay, 367

Bloxburgh Cave, 233

Bluckfield, 353

Bluefield, 39, 74, 348, 349, 352

— Bay, 346

— River, 352