Chapter IX: Wardley Hall (2)

John Downes, who succeeded on the death of his father to the Wardley estate, was an ardent adherent of King Charles in the unhappy struggle between that monarch and his Parliament, and in September, 1642, when Lord Strange, having completed his arrangements with the commissioners of array, appointed Warrington as the place of meeting, he armed and equipped his tenantry, and appeared with the host of other Lancashire chieftains to support the cause of the sovereign. Before the month had drawn to a close he was at Manchester, having accompanied Lord Strange and Sir Thomas Tyldesley in their fruitless expedition to secure the town for the King. He died in May, 1648, leaving an only son, Roger, his heir, then an infant a few months old, and a daughter Penelope.

Roger Downes, who succeeded as heir to the patrimonial estates on the death of his father, John Downes, in 1648, was the last of the family seated at Wardley. His history is not a pleasant one to contemplate. Living in an age when the people could take delight in the dissoluteness of the sovereign, he abandoned himself to the vicious courses of the time and became one of the most profligate of the profligate court of Charles the Second. The patrimony which had descended to him was wasted in riotous extravagance, and, to use the figurative language that Johnson applied to Rochester, "he blazed out his youth and his health in lavish voluptuousness," and brought his career to a violent and untimely end at the early age of twenty-eight. He was the Roger Downes of whom Lucas speaks, when he says that, according to tradition, while in London, in a drunken frolic, he vowed to his companions that he would kill the first man he met; when, sallying forth, he ran his sword through a poor tailor. Soon after this, being in a riot, a watchman made a stroke at him with his bill, which severed his head from his body, and the skull was enclosed in a box and sent to his sister at Wardley Hall. "The skull," adds the narrator, "has been kept at Wardley ever since, and many superstitious notions are entertained respecting it." The late Mr. Roby, in his entertaining "Traditions of Lancashire" wrought the incidents into a pathetic story, under the title of the "Skull House." Tradition, which always delights in the marvellous, took up the story, and many and incredible are the legends which the ghastly relic of mortality has given rise to. Certain it is that from time immemorial a human skull has had an abiding place at Wardley, carefully secured in an aperture in the wall beside the great staircase. According to popular belief, the grim fixture is as strongly averse to removal as the miraculous skull of "Dickey of Tunstead," which caused so much trouble to the engineers when constructing the railway near Chapel-en-le-Frith some years ago. Its rayless sockets, we are told, love to look upon the scenes of its former enjoyments, and it never fails to punish with severity those who venture to disturb or lay irreverent hands upon it. How the story originated it is impossible to say, but, though a skull, whitened by long exposure, is still exhibited, it is very certain that it never graced the shoulders of young Roger Downes. Thomas Barritt, the antiquary, in his MS. pedigrees, gives the following explanation:--"Thos. Stockport," he says, "told me the skull belonged to a Romish priest who was executed at Lancaster for seditious practices in the time of William III. He was most likely the priest at Wardley, to which place his head being sent, might be preserved as a relique of his martyrdom," and he adds, "The late Rev. Mr. Kenyon, of Peel, and librarian of the College in this town (Manchester), told me about the year 1779 the family vault of Downes in Wigan Church had about that time been opened, and a coffin discovered, on which was an inscription to the memory of the above young Downes. Curiosity led to the opening of it, and the skeleton, head and all, was there; but whatsoever was the cause of his death, the upper part of his skull had been sawed off, a little above the eyes, by a surgeon, perhaps by order of his friends, to be satisfied of the nature of his disease; his shroud was in tolerable preservation. Mr. Kenyon showed me some of the ribbon that tied the suit at the arms, wrists, and ankles; it was of a brown colour. What it was at first could not be ascertained." The name of Roger Downes is perpetuated on a massive marble slab affixed to the wall of Wigan Church, in which his remains are interred. It is surmounted by the arms of the family--_sable_, a stag lodged _argent_, and bears the following inscription:--_Rogerus Downes de Wardley, Armiger, filius Johannes Downes, hujus Comitatus Armigeri, obijt. 27 Junij. 1676. Ætatis suæ 28._

Roger Downes having died unmarried, the family estates, including Wardley, devolved upon his only sister and sole heiress, Penelope, who conveyed them in marriage (31 Charles II, 1679-80) to Richard Savage, of Rock Savage, who succeeded as fourth Earl Rivers of the new creation, a title that had originally been held by the father-in-law (Woodville) of Edward IV., the Savages deriving through the marriage of an ancestor with the aunt of a former earl. Lord Rivers took a prominent part in public affairs during the eventful reign of Queen Anne. As a soldier and statesman he displayed no mean abilities, and, possessing these qualities, he was not unfrequently employed on complimentary and diplomatic missions. In 1706-7 he was ordered to the command of the English forces in Spain, and at the same time received the appointment of ambassador to King Charles, and some few years later (1712) he was sent on a diplomatic mission to the Elector of Brunswick prior to the signing of the Treaty of Utrecht, that famous landmark of modern history which put an end to the wars of Queen Anne, secured the Protestant succession to the English throne, and separated for ever the crowns of France and Spain. He did not long survive this last mission, his death occurring August 18th, 1712, the only surviving issue by his marriage with the heiress of Wardley being a daughter, Elizabeth, who about the year 1706 married James Barry, fourth Earl of Barrymore, who was then a widower, and by whom she had an only child, Penelope, of whom anon.

The career of Earl Rivers was not unmarked by the libertinism which formed so prominent a characteristic of society in the age in which he lived. In addition to the daughter by his marriage with Penelope Downes--Elizabeth Savage, who became heiress of her mother's estates as well as those of her father--he had an illegitimate daughter by Mrs. Colydon, who married, in 1714, Frederick Earl of Rochford, to whom it is said she conveyed a fortune of £60,000; he was also the reputed father of the poet, Richard Savage, a writer better known for his misfortunes than for any peculiar novelty or merit in his poetry--the offspring of an illicit intercourse with the notorious Countess of Macclesfield, who acquired an unenviable notoriety as the heroine of the famous law case which followed upon the birth of her base-gotten son. Some curious particulars of this extraordinary scandal are to be found in the records of the time. The countess, under the name of Madame Smith and wearing a mask, was delivered of a male child in Fox-court, near Brook-street, Holborn, by Mrs. Wright, a midwife, on Saturday, January 16, 1697-8. Lord Macclesfield denied the paternity, and established the impossibility of his being the father of the child his countess had borne. A divorce was granted in 1698, but, as the law deemed the earl accountable through his own profligacy for the malpractices of his wife, he was required to repay the portion he had received with her on marriage, and with this she secured another husband in the person of Colonel Brett, by whom she had a daughter, Anne Brett, the impudent mistress of George I. The inhuman mother disowned her illegitimate offspring by Lord Rivers, Richard Savage, and had him placed under the charge of a poor woman who brought him up as her son, but Lady Mason, her mother, caused him to be removed to a school near St. Alban's and educated him at her own expense. Earl Rivers died without making any provision for his unfortunate son, a circumstance that was due, as Johnson says, to the fact that in the earl's last illness the degraded countess--then Mrs. Brett--had the inhumanity to state that Savage was dead, and through this falsehood the boy was deprived of a provision that was intended for him. It has been said that young Savage was an impostor, and the opinion was held by Boswell, the biographer of Dr. Johnson, who says: "In order to induce a belief that the Earl Rivers, on account of a criminal connection with whom Lady Macclesfield is said to have been divorced from her husband by Act of Parliament, had a peculiar anxiety about the child which she bore to him, it is alleged that his lordship gave him his own name, and had it duly recorded in the register of St. Andrew's, Holborn; I have," he adds, "carefully inspected that register, and I cannot find it." That Boswell should have failed in the discovery is explained by a reference to "The Earl of Macclesfield's case," presented to the House of Lords in 1697-8, from which it appears that the child was registered by the name of Richard, the son of John Smith, and christened on Monday, January 18th, in Fox-court, and this statement is confirmed by the following entry in the register of St. Andrew's, Holborn:--

Jany. 1696-7, Richard, son of John Smith, and Mary, in Fox Court, in Gray's Inn Lane, Baptised the 18th.

Notwithstanding the discredit that has been thrown on Savage's story, there can be little doubt of its truth. It was universally believed at the time, and no attempt was ever made by the countess to contradict or to invalidate any of the statements connected with it. Moreover, he was openly recognised in the house of Lord Tyrconnell, a nephew of his reputed mother, with whom he lived on equal terms, and who allowed him a sum of £200 a year until Savage quarrelled with him, when the peer stopped the allowance, and the hapless poet was again sent adrift upon the world. He was also on terms of acquaintance with the Countess of Rochford, the illegitimate daughter of Earl Rivers by Mrs. Colydon. Savage's folly and extravagance left him almost without a friend. Pope, whom he had supplied with the "private intelligence and secret incidents" that add poignancy to the satire of the "Dunciad," was about the last to withdraw his aid, and the poor fellow was eventually left to wander about in a state of destitution. He repaired to the West of England, and while in Bristol was arrested for a small debt, and being unable to find sureties was thrown into prison. During his incarceration he was taken ill, and on the morning of the 1st of August, 1743, was found dead in his bed, having been unable to procure any medical assistance. It is related that the keeper of the prison, who had treated him with kindness, buried him at his own expense.

Before his decease, Lord Rivers had executed indentures of lease and release, dated 13th June, 1711, by which his large estates in Lancashire, Cheshire, Yorkshire, and Essex were vested in trustees for the use of himself for life and remainder to him in tail; remainder to the use of his cousin, John Savage, a Romish ecclesiastic, who inherited the earldom, but never assumed the title; remainder to his illegitimate daughter, Bessy Savage, afterwards Countess of Rochford; remainder to his own right heirs. From some irregularities in the disposal of the property, the will was disputed, and eventually an Act of Parliament (7th George I., 1720) was obtained for the disposal of the estates, which were declared to be vested in trust for the earl's son-in-law, James, fourth earl of Barrymore, with remainder to Lady Penelope Barry, the only issue of his marriage with the Lady Elizabeth Savage, and the granddaughter of Richard Earl Rivers and his wife Penelope Downes, the heiress of Wardley.

Lady Penelope Barry, who was a minor, in 1720 brought the estates of her family in marriage to General James Cholmondeley, second surviving son of George Earl of Cholmondeley. Her ladyship seems to have inherited the frailties of her father, for in 1737 her husband obtained a sentence of divorce against her for adultery with one Pa[77]ck Anderson, a surgeon. She died childless about the year 1742;[A] General Cholmondeley, who survived her many years but did not remarry, died at the age of sixty-seven, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, October 19th, 1775, when, in accordance with the provisions of a settlement made in 1729, the estates passed to James Cholmondeley's great nephew, George James, fourth Earl and afterwards first Marquis of Cholmondeley, the father of William Henry Hugh, the present marquis, Hereditary Grand Chamberlain of England.

More than a century has elapsed since the historic house of Wardley was occupied by any direct descendant of its earlier lords. At one time it was in the occupation of a farmer, and subsequently was divided into several tenements, when it was allowed to fall into a state of decay, the humbler dwellers caring little for its antiquity, and content if they only could protect themselves from the elements and keep a roof above their heads. From the last representative of the Downes family the hall was conveyed by purchase to other owners, and for many years past it has formed part of the estates of the Earls of Ellesmere, to whom the grateful acknowledgments of all antiquaries are due for the thoughtful care they have taken in protecting it from further injury, as well as for the judgment they have exercised in carrying out the work of restoration. Within the last half century important renovations have taken place, and some portions have been rebuilt, but whatever has been done has been in perfect keeping with the architectural peculiarities of the original structure. The old mansion is now in a good state of repair, and, notwithstanding its situation in close proximity to a mining and manufacturing district, it furnishes a picturesque and singularly interesting example of a somewhat rare class of building, the moated dwelling of a gentleman of the fifteenth century.

L'ENVOI.

To my friend JAMES CROSTON, ESQ., F.S.A.,

on the completion of his

"HISTORIC SITES OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE."

At length is done thy voluntary task,
Thy pleasant work, fruition of thy will,
Which in the past doth find its fondest lore.
As o'er the meads, the wilds, the plains, the woods,
Which form the glowing landscape 'neath our eye,
Our vision rests in well-pleased rhapsody,
How few remains are seen to tell the tale
Of deeds on which the memory doth dwell;
How few the relics that are strewn abroad
Of castled valour and the Church's pride:
A ruined keep, with now-defenceless walls!
A beauteous vision of the pomp that once
In glorious fanes paid homage unto God!
The ivy clustering o'er the mouldering walls
Doth hold together what alone remains
Of graceful arch, proud pinnacle, and pier
That mark where once man's noblest work had stood.
Nor these alone Time's saddest work reveal,
Mildewed and torn, rotting in damp recess
The records of their history remain,
Until some reverent hand doth bring them forth,
And give their wondrous tale unto the world.
Thine own, my friend, oft seeks their soilèd page,
And from their blurred and faded writing tries
To fill again the mind-restorèd walls
With all the motley crowds that gave them life.
Long may thy pen its pleasant work pursue,
Resuscitate the mighty men of old,
Again enact the noble deeds that once
Made history, and living interest gave
To the sad monuments of earlier time.

JOHN LEIGH.

THE MANOR HOUSE,
HALE, CHESHIRE.

FOOTNOTES:

[1] Knight's "England."

[2] See pp. 7 and 8.

[3] Sawrey was eventually drowned, an untimely end that was by some accounted a Divine judgment.

[4] "The Fells, of Swarthmoor Hall," p. 139.

[5] The fanatical outbreak of the Fifth Monarchy men in 1661 had been made the excuse for a proclamation for closing the conventicles of Quakers, Anabaptists, and other sectaries; and in 1662 an Act of Parliament was passed by which they were to be fined for assembling for public worship, and for a third offence to be banished.

[6] _Præmunire_ involved the forfeiture of all real estate during life, personal estates for ever, and imprisonment during the King's pleasure.

[7] From a rare broadsheet in the British Museum, issued, as it would seem, in 1683, for the use of the Constables and Officers of the Peace, we find specified the nine following "unlawful meetings" of the people called Quakers: Bull and Mouth; Devonshire Buildings; Gracechurch Street; Quaker Street, in Spitalfields; the Peel, Clerkenwell; Tothill Street, Westminster; Savoy, near the church; Horsleydown; and Winchester Park, Southwark.

[8] Lancashire Puritanism and Nonconformity, p. 258, ed. 1872.

[9] A phrase that in those days signified a merchant or wholesale dealer, _i.e._, a dealer in gross.

[10] It is worthy of note that, according to Earwaker, while Mr. Turner was resident upon his benefice at Wilmslow he had under his tuition the present Right Hon. W. E. Gladstone, M.A., the Bishop of Sodor and Man, and Sir C. A. Wood.

[11] The occasion was that when Charles, untaught by the signs of the times, with almost incredible infatuation, accelerated the fatal crisis by going down to the House on the 4th January, 1641-2, and attempting to seize the five members of the Commons--Pym, Hollis, Hampden, Hazlerig, and Strode, on the charge of traitorously endeavouring to deprive him of his regal power, and subvert the fundamental laws and government of the kingdom.

[12] Hunter's "Life of Oliver Heywood," p. 63.

[13] Worthington's Diary, Chet. Soc.

[14] William, third Lord Brereton, of Leighlin, in Ireland, and Brereton, in Cheshire, who married Frances, daughter of Lord Willoughby, and died in London, March 17, 1679.

[15] Archæologia, V. v.

[16] The Sir William Stanley here named was the eldest son of Sir Rowland Stanley, of Hooton, in Wirral, Cheshire, and the one who afterwards covered himself with infamy by his shameless violation of trust in the betrayal and surrender of Deventer to the enemies of his country while holding the commission of the Queen and charged with its defence--an act of perfidy that was only equalled by Cardin Allen's (a Lancashire man) attempted justification of it. He had accompanied the English auxiliaries under Leicester, and in a few weeks after the Earl's return to England he and Rowland Yorke entered into a treacherous correspondence with Baptisti Tasse, governor of Zutphen, and began to propose their measures for delivering to him the important fortresses that had been entrusted to their care, and in the beginning of February both Deventer and the fort opposite Zutphen were given up to the Spaniards. Stanley is said to have been concerned in Babington's conspiracy in favour of Mary Queen of Scots, and was probably betrayed by a dread of discovery into this unworthy conduct.

[17] It is on record that, so late as the reign of Elizabeth, of the 30 "sworn men," a kind of select committee chosen by the inhabitants to take charge of the affairs of the parish of Kirkham, only one could write, and consequently in his absence the business of the parish had not unfrequently to be postponed.

[18] The fire was really caused by the carelessness of the sexton, but it happening to be a tempestuous day the catastrophe was by him confidently affirmed to be caused by lightning, and was generally believed to the hour of his death; but he then confessed the truth of it, after which "the burning of St. Paul's by lightning" was left out of our common almanacks.

[19] These desecrations, notwithstanding Pilkington's denunciation, continued long after, for 60 years later Bishop Earl in his "Micosmography," says:--"Paul's walk is the land's epitome, or you may call it the lesser isle of Great Britain. It is the great exchange of all discourse, and no business whatever but is here stirring and afoot.... It is the general mint of all famous lies, which are here, like the legends of popery, first coined and stamped in the church. All inventions are emptied here and not a few pockets. The best sign of a temple in it is that it is the thieves' sanctuary." The place was the common resort and lounge for idlers and hunters after news, wits and gallants, cheats, usurers and knights of the post; the font itself being used as a counter. It was here that Sir Nicholas Throgmorton held a conference with the emissaries of Wyat; here, too, the bravoes who murdered Arden, of Faversham, were hired; Captain Bobadil was a "Paul's man," and Shakespeare's Falstaff bought Bardolph in Paul's.

[20] Wordsworth, in "The White Doe of Rylstone."

[21] It is a singular fact that even at the present day the wife of a bishop has absolutely no rank or title whatever, and is the only wife in English society who reflects none of the lustre of her husband's dignity, nor appropriates even by courtesy the feminine of his masculine titles. The wife of every other lord is addressed as "My lady," whilst she is never anything more than plain "Mrs."

[22] Edited by the Rev. James Schofield, M.A., Regius Professor of Greek, Cambridge.

[23] Brereton's Travels, Chet. Soc. v. I, p. 122.

[24] Ibid. p. 161.

[25] There is a tradition, unsupported, however, by any evidence, that so many of the burgesses of Macclesfield fell at Flodden that the survivors had to petition the King to grant the continuance of their charter, though they could not muster a sufficient number of aldermen to constitute a corporation.

[26] Hynde Swyer--a courteous esquire.

[27] Robert Fouleshurst of Crewe.

[28] Kere--return.

[29] It is an absurd mistake to suppose that Richard wore the Royal crown upon his helmet during the battle; he was too experienced a soldier to put on such a headgear, even supposing the crown could have been attached to the helmet. The story may have arisen from his wearing some distinguishing ornament, resembling a crown, such as was worn by Henry V. upon his helmet at the battle of Agincourt, and which then served to break the force of the stroke of the Duke of Alençon's battle axe.

[30] _i.e._, Fierce men, proud, furious.

[31] The eagle's foot--"A fote of the faireste foule," was a cognizance of the Stanleys, and three eagles' feet were borne upon the shield of Sir John.

[32] "Nooks and Corners of Lancashire," p. 314.

[33] It may be mentioned that at his death, in 1637, Jonn Paget was succeeded by his brother Thomas, "a man of much frowardness," and able to create "much unquietness," as Henry Newcome affirms, who had been minister of Blackley, in Manchester parish, but deprived in 1631 by Dr. Bridgman, Bishop of Chester, when, to escape the fines imposed by the Ecclesiastical Commissioners, he fled to Holland and joined his brother, whom he eventually succeeded in the pastorate of the English Church. Brook, in his "Lives of the Puritans," says he "most probably spent the remainder of his days there," but this was not so; in 1646 he returned to England, was appointed to the rectory of St. Chad's, Shrewsbury, and remained there until 1656, when he was presented by the Commonwealth party to the rich rectory of Stockport. Thomas Paget's son, Nathan Paget, who practised as a physician in London, was the intimate friend of John Milton, and cousin to the great epic poet's fourth wife, Elizabeth Minshull, and also of Thomas Minshull, the Manchester apothecary and noted Nonconformist, whose name, as well as that of his residence, Chorlton Hall, in Manchester, is still perpetuated in Minshull and Chorlton streets, where he at that time owned considerable property.

[34] The "Mr. Urione Brereton," who, according to the Cheadle registers, was buried there "Jan. 6, 1631," must have been another member of the family.

[35] Peter Venables had been elected with Sir Wm. Brereton, but, being a Royalist, he withdrew, and was succeeded by George Booth.

[36] An old portrait in oil of the loyal and intrepid mayor taken in 1657, when he was 61 years of age, was presented some years ago by Mr. J. Edisbury, of Bersham, near Wrexham, to the Water Tower Museum, at Chester, where it is now preserved.

[37] Richard Percival, linen webster, of Kirman's Hulme, is said to have been the first person whose blood was shed in the great Civil War. The Manchester Register thus records his burial: "1642, Julie 18, Richard Parcivall, of Grindlowe."

[38] This work, which has been commonly recognised as Burghall's, can be no longer attributed to him, the _bonâ-fide_ author, as Mr. Hall, the historian of Nantwich, has recently shown, being Thomas Malbon, of Nantwich.

[39] Sergeant-major Lothian.

[40] Congleton has been noted for centuries for its confectionery and for the excellence of its sack. Among the recent celebrations was the hospitable reception given by the corporation to the Lord Mayor of London, Sir Francis Graham Moon, Bart., in 1855, when the entertainment well represented the ancient festivity. On the chairman's table lay the gold and silver maces of the borough, and capacious china corporation bowls full of sack, and flanked by large old two-handled silver flagons by which the sack was gradually drawn off and circulated among the company. On every plate was placed a "count cake," and the centres of the tables were covered with delicate cakes and confectionery, among which was pre-eminent the famous Congleton gingerbread and a profusion of choice fruit. The brewage of the sack was entrusted to Joseph Speratti, who boasts that he alone possesses the true recipe.

[41] By that fatal coincidence which arrayed friends and kinsmen under the opposite banners in the contest, Sir William Brereton, both at Nantwich and Chester, the greatest scenes of his exertions, was opposed to Lord Byron, whose family was nearly allied to that of the Parliamentary general, his brother, and ultimate heir, Sir Richard Byron, equally distinguished as a Loyalist, having married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir George Booth, and the sister of Lady Brereton,--_Ormerod._

[42] Ormerod (Hist. Ches. v. 2), says the minister who ejected Seddon was "unquestionably" Richard Banner, but this is an error; the one whose "name and character" William Seddon's son "entirely forgot" was none other than John Murcot, the son of a Warwickshire attorney, and well known in the literature of Nonconformity. He was ordained by Warden Heyricke and others at Manchester, February 9th, 1647, and preceded Henry Necome as reader to the celebrated John Ley at Astbury. He had been there only a short time when he removed to Seddon's vicarage house at Eastham, and before he had been there a year he received a "call" to be minister of West Kirby, but, being dissatisfied with the condition of his congregation and refusing an invitation to settle at Chester, he crossed over to Dublin, became pastor of an Independent congregation, and died there before the close of the year 1654. Richard Banner succeeded him at Eastham.

[43] Besides the Puritan brother Peter, who was an officer in the army of the Parliament, there was a third, a Ralph Seddon, M.A., who resided some time as probationer with the Rev. John Angier, at Denton, in Manchester parish, in order that he might have "the benefit of his grave example, pious instruction, and useful converse." He succeeded Adam Martindale as pastor of the Independent Church at Gorton, whence he removed to Langley, in Derbyshire, whence he was ejected in 1662.

[44] It is from a portrait by Vicars that our illustration is taken.

[45] The Rev. Edmund Law, who was curate of Staveley from 1693 to 1742, and master of the school there, resided at Buck Crag, in Lindale, about four miles distant. It has been computed that he must have walked 2,504 miles every year, and during the time he was curate and schoolmaster 122,696 miles, or a distance nearly equal to five times the circumference of the globe; and this for a pittance of £20 a year. Mr. Stockdale relates that about the year 1818 a grandson of the humble curate visited the house at Buck Crag accompanied by his secretary and a posse of clergymen, examined every part of the premises, and overwhelmed the then occupant with questions; the poor man when he had recovered from his amazement exclaiming in the vernacular "t' bishop inquir't t' dog tail oot a-joint."

[46] From the Cymric Caer, an enclosure or camp, and _mell_ a bare hill or fell.

[47] Before the dissolution of the priory the canons of Cartmel maintained a guide to conduct travellers across the broad expanse of sand left by each receding tide, paid him out of "Peter's Pence," and, in addition, gave him the benefit of their prayers. Since the suppression of their house the expenses of the "carter," as he is locally designated, have been charged upon the revenue of the Duchy of Lancaster, but the office is now almost a sinecure.

[48] The "sworn men," which answered in some degree to a select vestry, was an institution common in many parts of North Lancashire, though rarely met with in other parts of the kingdom.

[49] In the churchwardens' accounts there is an item of 4s. for "painting the umbrella." In the church books of Prestbury, in Cheshire, there is an entry of a payment made in 1745 of £3 for an umbrella, from which it would seem that the article was not uncommon in country churches.

[50] Chronicles, p. 376.

[51] Froissart's Chronicles, I, p. 157.

[52] The particulars of this grant are given in a paper read before the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire, February 20th, 1879, by Mr. J. Paul Rylands, F.S.A., of Thelwalls, near Warrington.

[53] Piers Legh was Chief Justice of Macclesfield Hundred, but the office of Chief Justice of Chester had not then been created.

[54] Archæologia, v. xx.

[55] Clifton, near Halton, was the property of Sir Peter Legh's mother, and there Sir Peter seems to have resided in the earlier years of his married life, for, in the proof of age of his son, taken in 1436, one of the witnesses, John de Worth, testified that he "was at Clifton, near Halton, where the said Peter (the son) was born; and when he was baptised in the church of Runcorn he held a burning wax candle in his hand near the font in which he was baptised."

[56] It has been computed that the number of Englishmen slain at Towton exceeded the sum of those who fell at Vimeria, Talavera, Salamanca, Vittoria, and Waterloo.

[57] Sir Peter Leycester affirms that Peter Legh was made a banneret upon the field at Wakefield, but Dr. Whitaker, with much show of reason, argues that from the hasty nature of the fight there the Duke of York could hardly have found time to confer the honour upon the field, and the opinion of Whitaker is strengthened by the fact that the annuity of xxli (£20), granted to him for life by the Duke of York out of the "issues, profitez, and revenews of the lordship of Wakefield" was made in the name of "Perez Legh Esquier."

[58] Warrington in 1465. Chet. Soc. v. xvii.

[59] Redland Heath, on which the battle was fought, is three miles from Bosworth.

[60] The bells were afterwards removed to Norbury and recast.

[61] Lord Herbert of Cherbury's Life of Himself, p. 16.

[62] Mr. Legh's removal to Chester is referred to in the following Treasury order signed by William III.:--"To Robert Lord Lucas, governor of our Tower of London, in satisfaction of so much expended and disbursed by him in sending down the gentlemen (late prisoners in the Tower) into Cheshire and Lancashire--to wit, Caryl Lord Visc. Molyneux, Sir Thomas Clifton, Sir William Gerard, Sir Roland Stanley, _Peter Lea of Lyme_, Bartholomew Walmsley, and William Dicconson, Esq.--and all other charges and expenses of the guards and attendants".

[63] After the defeats at Preston and Sheriff Muir, which destroyed the hopes of the Pretender, the members of this Cheshire club "unanimously agreed to commemorate the fortunate decision," as they phrased it, which had been come to on Peter Legh's recommendation, by having their several portraits painted life-size. The pictures remained at Ashley Hall, near Bowdon, until about twenty years ago, when they were removed by the late Lord Egerton, to Tatton, where they now grace the upper panels of the staircase. The members of the club were Thomas Assheton, of Ashley; Sir Richard Grosvenor, of Eaton; James (Barry) Earl of Barrymore, of Marbury; Charles Hurleston of Newton; Amos Meredith, of Henbury; Alexander Radcliffe, of Foxdenton (Lancashire); Robert Cholmondeley, of Holford; John Warren, of Poynton; Henry Legh, of High Legh; and Peter Legh, of Lyme. The club was dissolved in 1720.

[64] Edward Gibbon Wakefield, the perpetrator of this notorious outrage, died at Wellington, New Zealand, May 16, 1862. In after life he rendered good service to his country, and engaged in enterprises much more honourable than the one that cast such a stain upon his earlier career. He was largely instrumental in forming the important colonies of South Australia and New Zealand, and afterwards acted as private secretary to the Earl of Durham while Governor-general of Canada.

[65] Mr. John Paul Rylands, F.S.A., of Thelwall, has made a careful examination of these windows, and with painstaking zeal, identified almost every coat and quartering. A list of the shields, as identified by him, is given in the second volume of Mr. Earwaker's "East Cheshire," and some interesting particulars are supplied in Dr. Renaud's "Ancient Parish of Prestbury."

[66] Mr. John Dickenson, a wealthy merchant, who lodged and entertained the Pretender on the occasion of his visit to Manchester, purchased, in 1745 the Birch Hall estate, in Rusholme. His grandson, John Dickenson, had an only daughter, Louisa Frances Mary Dickenson, who married General Sir William Anson, Bart., K.C.B., a distinguished Peninsular officer, and by him was mother of Sir John William Hamilton Anson, who was killed in the railway accident at Wigan, August 2nd, 1873, and of the Venerable and Rev. George Henry Greville Anson, rector of Birch and Archdeacon of Manchester. It is stated that the bed on which the Pretender lay while Mr. Dickenson's guest, was removed to Birch Villa, where it remained until the death of Miss Dickenson, when it was sold.

[67] Dr. Deacon's tomb and strange epitaph, describing him as "the greatest of sinners and the most unworthy of Primitive Bishops," may still be seen in the north-east corner of St. Ann's churchyard.

[68] It is said that on the occasion referred to a soldier approached with a drawn sword and demanded that in the prayer for the King he should substitute James for George, when the intrepid divine, whose loyalty was afterwards rewarded with the Wardenship of Manchester, unhesitatingly read the prayer for King George and the House of Brunswick.

[69] Ensign Maddock, who was admitted as evidence for the Crown.

[70] It was to Dr. Hall, whilst paying his addresses to the lady who became his wife, that Byrom addressed the following epigram:--

"A lady's love is like a candle snuff, That's quite extinguished by a gentle puff But, with a hearty blast or two, the dame, Just like a candle, bursts into a flame."

[71] The name is evidently a compound of the Celtic _Mole_, a hill, and its Saxon equivalent _Cop_, of which the modern designation is only a corruption.

[72] "Kimber's Barons," vol. i., p. 84, Lanc. Famil. MS.

[73] In pre-Reformation times wax was extensively used in the churches, and it was not uncommon for offerings of it to be made at the altar. Dr. Rock, in his "Church of our Fathers," says it was not unusual for our forefathers to make a vow when sick to offer to the Church, in case of recovery, a wax candle of their own height or that of the diseased limb from which they were suffering.

[74] Cornet Alexander Rigby was of the house of Layton, near Wigan, but, though bearing the same name, was in no way connected with Colonel Sir Alexander Rigby, who rendered such distinguished service in Lancashire to the cause of the Parliament.

[75] The entry is thus recorded in the burial register--"1714-15, January 26. Thos. Tinsley, of Lodge."

[76] Seacombe attributed the execution of the Earl of Derby to the "inveterate malice" of Bradshaw, originated, he says, because of the Earl's having refused him the Vice-chamberlainship.

[77] Some authorities give the date of her death as 1786, but the name is not mentioned in any of the family deeds later than 1742, and there is good reason to believe that her decease occurred in that year, or shortly after.

INDEX.

Abraham, Daniel, 30, 47-8
" Emma Clarke, 49
" John, 47-9
" Rachel, 47
" Thomas Fell, 49
_Acton_, 220, 223
" _Church_, 220, 228
" _Vicarage_, 220
_Adlington_, 78
" _Hall_, 229, 410
_Aggerslack_, 253
_Agincourt_, 314-5
Aikin, Lucy, 136
Ainsworth, Harrison, 397
" Mr., 170
Albany, Duke of, 332
Albemarle, Earl of, 228
Alcock, Alice, 308
" John, 308
_Alderley_, 50, 68, 286
" _Cross_, 53
" _Edge_, 50, 62, 68, 78-9, 174
" _Mere_, 65
" _Mill_, 68
" _Nether_, 75
" _Old_, 50
" _Over_, 74-5
" _Park_, 62
" _Rectory_, 63, 86, 89
Aldithley, Adam de, 69
Alençon, Duke of, 190
Allen, Cardinal, 137
_Allithwaite_, 253, 261
_Amsterdam_, 202
Ancaster, Duke of, 139
Anderson, Patrick, 480
Anderton, Christopher, 465
" Elizabeth, 465
Andrews, John, 147
" Nicholas, 147
Angier, John, 240
_Anglezark_, 107
Anjou, Margaret of, 319
Anson, George Henry Greville, 406
" John William Hamilton, 406
" William, 406
Arderne, John, 74
" Margaret, 75
Argles, Edward, 125
Arnefielde, Ralph, 360-1
Arnold, Dr., 101
_Arnside_, 31
Ascue, George, 115
Asheley, George, 311
_Ashley Hall_, 375
Ashton, Colonel, 466
" John, 308
Ashurst, Henry, 119
Aske, General, 267
Askew, Anne, 10-13
" John, 10-12
" Margaret, 10-11
" William, 12
_Aslington_, 222
Asshawe, Alice, 143, 147
" _Hall_, 143
" James, 143
" John, 143
" Lawrence, 143
" Ralph, 107
" Thomas, 169
Assheton, Colonel, 10
" Ralph, 361
" Thomas, 375
_Astbury Church_, 70-1, 230, 434-5
Aston, Thomas, 213-15
Atherton, William, 315
Audithlegh, Adam, 70
" Lyulph, 70
_Audlem_, 227
Aynesworth, Katharine, 141
" J., 141

_Bache Hall_, 224
_Backbarrow_, 251
_Baddeley_, 212
Baguley, Clemence, 297
" Isabel, 297
" William, 297
Bailey, J. Eglington, 230
Baltinglass, Viscount, 162
Bamville, Joan, 70-2
" Philip, 70-1
Banner, Richard, 240
Bantry, Baron, 162
Barclay, Robert, 43
Bardsley, S. A., 420
Barkyng, Abbess of, 193
Barlow, Alexander, 473
Barnes, William, 38
_Barr Bridge_, 228
Barret, Thomas, 428
Barrow, Thomas, 126
Barry, James, 477
" Penelope, 477, 480
Barrymore, Earl of, 375, 477, 480
_Barthomley_, 227
Barton, Justice, 344
" Robert, 353-4
Bathurst, Bishop, 94
_Beam Heath_, 211
Beamont, William, 192, 293, 324, 358, 369.
_Beaulieu Abbey_, 258
Beaumont, Adam, 470
" Elizabeth, 470
Bechton, Richard de, 179
Bedford, Duke of, 181-2, 315
Beechy, William, 390
_Beeston Castle_, 174, 226-7, 235-6, 238
" Hall, 235
" William, 355
Belgrave, Elizabeth, 92
Bell, Edward John, 93
" Isaac, 93
Bennett, Justice, 15
" Martha, 377
" Thomas, 377
Benson, Gervase, 24-25
Bertie, Elizabeth, 117
" James, 117
" Richard, 136
Bethom, Ralph, 258
_Bewgenet_, 331
_Bewsey Hall_, 328, 330-1
_Biddulph_, 231-2
" Captain, 219
" Hall, 219, 230
Bindloss, Robert, 10
Bird, Dr., 144
Biron, John, 152
_Bishop Auckland_, 162
Black Prince, Edward the, 178-9, 301, 385
Blackburne, Mr., 92
" Mrs, 91-2
" Vicar of, 152
_Blackley Forest_, 338
" _Hall_, 361
_Blackrod_, 108
Bland, John, 429
_Blawith_, 253
Blois, Earl of, 299
_Blore-heath_, 320
Blundell, William, 370
Bodura, Mr., 170
Bold, Richard, 185, 392
Boleyn, Anne, 195-6
Bolingbroke, Henry, 305-7
_Bolton-le-Sands Church_, 187
Booth, Colonel, 238, 467
" Elizabeth, 238
" George, 200, 205, 215, 220, 238, 244, 363
" _Lane_, 227
" Nathaniel, 245-6
" William, 185
Bordeaux, Richard of, 307
_Borwick Hall_, 19
_Bosden_, 174, 178
Bostock, Ralph, 315
_Bosworth Field_, 319, 337
Boteler, John, 328-30, 332
" Thomas, 185, 342
Bottomley, Mr., 428
_Boughton_, 236
_Bowdon_, 286
_Bowness_, 251
_Bowstones, The_, 394
Bowyer, Mr., 230
Bradford, John, 149
_Bradley, Green_, 230
" John, 170
" Thurston, 169
Bradshaw, Dr., 109
" Henry, 206
" John, 30, 364, 473
Bramhall, Captain, 213
" _Hall_, 227, 440
_Brancepeth Castle_, 156-7
Brandon, Charles, 136
Breeres, Mr., 170
Breers, Thomas, 144
Breres, Edward, 461
Brereton, Alice, 445
" Andrew, 435, 445-6
" Charles, 245
" Dorothy, 198, 462
" Eleanor, 145
" _Hall_, 230
" Jane, 198
" John, 197
" Katharine, 198
" Lady, 231, 238
" Lord, 116, 229-232
" Margaret, 197, 199
" Randle, 195, 198
" Richard, 195, 197-9, 357, 462
" Thomas, 244-5
" Urian, 172, 176, 194, 196-199, 203
" William, 172-246, 434-5
Brett, Anne, 478
" Colonel, 478
Bridgeman, Bishop, 144, 203, 239, 473
" Orlando, 473
_Bridgenorth_. 238
Bridgewater, Countess of, 133
" Earl of, 119, 133, 366
Briggs, Thomas, 24
Brindle, Mr., 170
_Brindley_, 227
_Bristol_, 39, 41
Bromhall, Cecilia, 454
Bromley, George, 434
Brooke, Lord, 216
" Major, 10
" Peter, 363
Brooks, Samuel, 309
Broome, Mary, 429
" William, 429
Broughton, Captain, 360
" Thomas, 142
Brouncker, Lord, 116
Brown, John, 360
" Mr., 362
" William, 351
Brownlow, Richard, 169
Bruche, Hamer, 355
" Roger, 355
Brunswick, Elector of, 477
_Brymbo Hall_, 381
_Buck Crag_, 252-3
Buckingham, Duke of, 183, 319
" Earl of, 183
_Buerton_, 227
_Bunbury_, 213, 235
_Burford_, 227
Burghall, Edward, 208, 219-20, 222
Burghley, Lord, 355
Burgundy, Duchess of, 337
" Duke of, 199
Bury, Henry, 141
Butler, Frances, 78
" George, 78
" John, 332
" Thomas, 282, 329
Byrom, Beppy, 397
" Edward, 402, 428
" John, 123, 376, 397, 402, 404-5, 421, 427-8
" Mrs., 376
Byron, 262
" Lord, 227, 238
" Richard, 238
" Thomas, 217

_Calais_, 304
Calveley, George, 362
" Hugh, 313, 362
" Lettice, 362
Calvert, Ann, 471
" John, 471
Canterbury, Archbishop of, 436
Capel, Lord, 220-3
Carey, Anne, 117
" Philip, 117
Carington, John, 315
_Carisbrooke Castle_, 314
_Cark_, 252-3, 264, 276
" _Hall_, 276
_Carlisle_, 25
_Carnforth_, 253
Carr, Ralph, 79, 81-2
_Cartmel_, 252-9, 262, 264-5, 270-2, 277
" _Church_, 256-60, 262, 265, 270-2, 275
" _Fells_, 251
Carus, Joshua, 273
" Katharine, 273
_Castle Rock_, 62
Castlemaine, Lady, 426
Cavendish, General, 112
" George Augustus, 264
" William, 458
_Chalgrove Field_, 221
Chambers, Robert, 398
_Chartley_, 287
_Chatsworth_, 286
_Cheadle_, 175
" _Church_, 171-2, 176, 185, 193, 197-8, 242, 244
Chedle, Roger, 297
_Chester_, 27, 211-2, 223, 225, 235-8, 241, 305, 320
" Bishop of, 121, 144-5, 151-2, 203, 239, 264
£ _Castle_, 370
" _Cathedral_, 367
" Chief Justice of, 306
" Earl of, 178, 180, 197, 299, 310
" Mayor of, 204-6
" Prince of, 304
Chetham, Edward, 48
" George, 32
" Humphrey, 48, 170
Chicheley, Archbishop, 365
" Elizabeth, 365
" Thomas, 365, 386
_Chillingham_, 287
_Chirk_, 238
_Cholmondeley_, 220-1
" Earl of, 480
" General, 480
" George James, 480
" James, 480
" Lord, 211
" Marquis of, 480
" Randle, 197
" Robert, 375
" Viscount, 205
_Chorley Hall_, 77, 181
_Chorlton Hall_, 203
Clarendon, 243
Clarke, Alice, 455
" George, 455
Clayton, John, 403, 406
Cleveland, Duke of, 426
Clifford, Lord, 321-2
" Thomas, 116
Clifton, Catherine, 465
" Thomas, 370, 374
Clinton, Edward, 111
" Margaret, 111
" Miss, 85
_Cloud End_, 432
Coke, Justice, 166
Colydon, Mrs., 477, 479
Commines, Philip de, 199
_Congleton_, 331
" _Edge_, 230
_Coniston_, 254
Constance, Ivo de, 433
_Conway_, 305-6
Cooper, Joseph, 246
" William, 428
Cope, John, 405
Coppock, Thomas, 397, 403, 407, 409, 411-2
_Coppul_, 122
Corbet, Captain, 215
" Vincent, 213, 219
Corona, Ellen, 299, 300
" Thomas, 299, 300
Coupelond, Dawe, 70-1,
Coventry, Ann, 389
" Lord Keeper, 389
" Mr., 123
Cowdall, Richard, 264
Cowper, Thomas, 205
Craigie, John, 434
Cressiac, George, 138
_Crewe_, 227
" _Hall_, 227, 229
Croft, James, 325
" Mabel, 325
Crompton, Thomas, 109
Cromwell, Oliver, 26, 28-9, 112-4, 116, 200, 233, 455
Cromwell, Richard, 46, 364
Crook, Mr., 170
_Croydon_, 242, 244
Cumberland, Duchess of, 163
" Duke of, 411-2
Cunliffe, Edward T., 246
" James, 246
Cunningham, Mr., 44

DALE, Richard, 443-4
_Dalton_, 270
" Dr., 425
Darby, Agnes, 326
Davenport, Henry, 122, 133
" Hester, 122
" William
D'Anyers, John, 296
" Margaret, 297, 300, 302, 308, 317
" Matilda, 297
" Thomas, 290-292, 295-7, 300, 304
" William, 296
D'Avranches, Hugh, 433
Dawson, Captain, 398, 411-13, 415-6
" Dr., 401, 421, 425-7, 429
" Elizabeth, 402, 427, 429
" James, 398, 401, 403-407, 411, 413, 417-20, 422, 425-6, 429-30
" Mrs., 402, 426
" Sarah, 402, 427, 429
" William, 401-3, 426-8
Deacon, Dr., 408
" Thomas, 412
" Thomas Theodorus, 422
_Dean Church_, 344
" _River_, 175, 202, 207
Deane, Thomas, 60
_Dee Bridge_, 237
" Dr., 164
" _River_, 236
_Delamere Forest_, 228, 309
" _House_, 75
" Lord, 369
De-la-Tour, A. J. Deschamps, 381
Delves, Lady, 376
" Thomas, 212
_Denbigh_, 237
Denison, William, 98
_Denton Hall_, 199
_Derby_, 15
" Earl of, 69, 74, 142, 164, 190, 205, 219-20, 262-3, 344, 348,
353-4, 465, 468-9, 473
_Derbyshire, Peak of_, 278
Dethick, Gilbert, 166
Devonshire, Duke of, 264, 268
" Earl of, 458
Dewhurst, Robert, 169
Dicconson, William, 374
Dickenson, John, 406-7
" Louisa Frances Mary, 406
" Miss, 406
_Dieulacres Abbey_, 68, 75
_Disley_, 281, 395
" _Church_, 332, 339-40, 345-6, 355, 378, 387
Dixie, Beaumont, 117
" Mary, 117
Dobson, George, 152
Dod, John, 392
_Doddington_, 212, 227, 229
Done, Henry, 194
" John, 315
" Margaret, 194
" Randolph, 194
_Dorfold Hall_, 220, 223, 227
Dorset, Earl of, 314
Downes, Edmund, 74
" Francis, 474
" Jane, 474
" John, 474, 475, 477
" Lawrence, 474
" Margery, 74
" Roger, 473-7
Downham, William, 151
Drayton, Michael, 312, 319, 432
Drury, Captain, 26
Duckworth, Mr., 170
_Dudley Castle_, 241
" Lady, 245
" Lord, 244
Dugdale, William, 143
Dukinfield, Captain, 213
" Colonel, 229, 231
" Francis, 227
" Robert, 206
_Dunbar_, 28
_Durham_, 28
" Bishop of, 139, 144, 147, 153, 158, 162, 169
" _Castle_, 159
" _Cathedral_, 150-1, 166
" Earl of, 380
Dutton, Hugh, 315
" Peter, 315
" Piers, 315
" Roger, 297
Dyott, 216

_Ea River_, 253-4
Earl, Bishop, 155
_Eastham_, 239-40
Earwaker, J. P., 168, 179, 184, 198, 203, 232, 340, 368, 388
_Eccleshall Castle_, 221
_Edgehill_, 212
Edwards, Alderman, 223
_Edinburgh_, 28
Edisbury, J., 206
Egerton, Captain, 268
" Dorothy, 122, 357
" Elizabeth Charlotte, 378
" Holland, 378
" Louisa, 268
" Lord, 375
" Philip de M. Grey, 202
" Richard, 122, 357
" Thomas, 119, 357
" William, 119, 133
Elizabeth, Queen, 163, 169
Ellenborough Lord, 252
_Ellenbrook Chapel_, 122
Ellis, Colonel, 215
Ely, Bishop, 189, 191, 436
_Elmer Hurst_, 285
Emmerson, Thomas, 264
Erpingham, Thomas, 185, 314
Errol, Earl of, 381
Eskrigg, James, 261
Essex, Earl of, 115, 352
Ethelred, King, 433
Exeter, Bishop of, 147-8
" Duke of, 199, 318

Fairfax, General, 37, 228, 232
" William, 234
_Farnworth Grammar School_, 148
Fearnside, Adam, 109
Feeilden, Alexander, 146
Fell, John, 10
" Leonard, 38
" Margaret, 12, 19-21, 23, 27, 30, 32-4, 38-40
" Mary, 38
" Thomas, 4, 8-10, 13, 20-1, 23, 25, 29-30, 39, 48
Fenner, Ann, 362
" Edward, 362
Ferrers, Earl of, 456
ffielden, Mr., 170
Fielding, Colonel, 430
" Henry, 429
" Joseph, 430
" Louisa Willis, 430
" Randle Joseph, 430
" Robert, 429
" Robert Mosley, 429
_Finsthwaite_, 250
Finlow, John, 78
Fisher, Mr., 124
Fitchett, John, 329
Fitton, Edward, 193
" Ellen, 193
Fitz-Nigel, William, 74, 433
Fitzroy, Barbara, 426, 428
"Flame, Lord," 376
Fleetwood, Ann, 470
" Thomas, 365, 470
Fletcher, Captain, 432
_Flixton_, 107
_Flodden Field_, 186, 188-9
_Flookersbrook Hall_, 224
_Flookborough_, 261
Flower, William, 290, 307, 346, 385, 388
_Fouldrey, Peel of_, 337
Fouleshurst, Robert, 189
Foulkes, Martin, 123, 134-5
Fox, Christopher, 13
" George, 2, 4-49
" Margaret, 40, 43, 47-8
_Foxhall_, 456, 470
Frensshye, Hugh, 180
Frere, Sir H. Bartle, 49
_Frodsham Hills_, 67, 286
Froude, J. A., 196
Fuller, Thomas, 190, 219, 242, 436
_Furness_, 1, 28, 31
" _Abbey_, 255
" _Fells_, 254
Fynes-Clinton, Elizabeth, 117
" Henry, 117

Galliard, Gilbert, 299
Gargrave, Thomas, 162
Gaskell, Mrs., 253
Gaskell, Bishop, 122, 346
Gaunt, John O', 301-2, 305, 445
Gawsworth, Parson of, 340
Gee, Elizabeth, 455
Gee, Ralph, 455
Gell, John, 216
Gerard, Elizabeth, 474
" Gilbert, 354, 356
" Jane, 342
" Lord, 236, 356
" Margaret, 343, 354, 392
" Mary, 143
" Myles, 474
" Thomas, 342-3
" William, 354, 360-1, 370, 374
Gibbons, Grinling, 382, 389
Gillow, Joseph, 471
Gilmore, Major, 215
_Gisburne_, 287
Gladstone, W. E., 93
_Glasgow_, 28
Glendower, Owen, 309
Gloucester, Duke of, 302-4, 332
_Godderside_, 261
Goffe, Major-General, 26
Goldney, Henry, 45
Goldsmith, Oliver, 423
Goring, Colonel, 234
_Gorton Church_, 240
Grandison, Lord, 211
_Grange_, 252-3, 264
_Grassendale_, 49
_Gravesend_, 40
Gray, Lord, 328
" Walter, 259
Green, John, 169
_Greenodd_, 277
Greenwood, Joseph, 403
" Mary, 402
" William, 402
Gresley, George, 473
Gresswell, Robert, 125
" Susanna, 125
Grey, Jane, 148
_Grisedale_, 15
Grosvenor, Richard, 375
" Robert, 141
_Gummer How_, 251

Hacker, Colonel, 26
_Hales Owen Abbey_, 258
Hall, Edward, 421
" Elizabeth, 421
" Frances, 420-2
" _Hall o' th' Hill_, 107
" Mr., 208
" Richard, 421
" Richard Edward, 420
Halley, Dr., 47, 124, 148, 468
Halliwell, Ann, 119
" Lawrence, 11
" Richard, 474
Hallstead, Mr., 170
Halsey, John, 125
_Halton_, 74
" Baron of
" _Castle_, 74, 234
Hamilton, Duke of, 10
Hampden, John, 221
_Hampsfell_, 253
_Hampton Court_, 28
" _Hall_, 381
_Handbridge_, 223
_Handforth_, 172
" _Green_, 175, 207
" _Hall_, 174-5, 177-8, 189, 194, 197, 202, 244
" Margaret, 176
" William, 176
_Hankelow_, 227
_Hanmer_, 221
Hanover, Elector of, 415
_Harfleur_, 313
Harrington, Henry, 162
" James, 142
" John, 162, 272-3
" Lucy, 162
" Thomas, 272
_Hartford_, 234
Hartleb, Samuel, 116
Haryngton, Ellen, 318
" William, 318
_Haslington_, 212, 227
Hastings, Colonel, 212, 222
_Hatherton_, 227
Hatton, Richard, 120-1
_Haverthwaite_, 227
_Hawarden_, 223-5
Hay, Dulcibella Jane, 381
Haydock, Gilbert, 308, 319
" Joanna, 308
Hayes, Maria, 49
Haysnap, Roger, 457
_Heaton Park_, 378
_Helvellyn_, 251
Hemingway, 205-6
Herbert of Cherbury, Lord, 234, 360
Herford, Mr., 259
Hertford, Earl of, 197, 343-4
Hewitson, Anthony, 471
Hewitt, John, 392
" Thomas, 392
Heyricke, Richard, 240, 404, 409
Heywood, Nathaniel, 119
" Oliver, 109, 119, 133
Hibbert-Ware, Dr., 427
_High Bullough_, 143
_High Legh_, 65, 91
_Highgate_, 302
Holcroft, Eleanor, 471
" Thomas, 262-3, 268, 270, 355, 471
_Holker Hall_, 33, 38, 253, 263, 269-70, 276
Holland, Colonel, 199
" Henry, 199, 318
" John, 302
" Margaret, 198
" Richard, 198-9
" Thomas, 292
Hollinshed, 335
" Richard, 290
Hollingworth, 232
" John, 232
Holme, Randle, 331
_Holmes Chapel_, 227
_Holt Bridge_, 236
_Holy Well_, 62
Holynworth, John, 199
Honford, Geoffrey, 180
" Henry, 178, 180, 300
" John, 179-185
" Katharine, 180
" Margaret, 180, 189
" Roger, 178-9
" Sibyl, 189, 300
" William, 180, 185, 187-9, 191
Hook, Theodore, 249
Hoole, Joseph, 406
_Hooton_, 72
" Margery, 72
" William, 72
_Hopton Heath_, 216, 219
_Hornby_, 187
_Horwich Chapel_, 121, 131
" _Church_, 123-124, 134
" _Forest_., 161
_Hospice_, 253
Hoton, Adam, 70-71
Hotspur, Harry, 309-10
Howard, Edmund, 187
Hubbersty, Mr., 270
Huddleston, Colonel, 9
_Humphrey Head_, 258
_Hurleston_, 227
" Brook, 228
" Charles, 375
" John, 215
" Katharine, 198
" Roger, 198
Hurst, Geoffrey, 463-464
Huskisson, Mrs., 92
" William, 91
" Lucy, 112
Hutton, Serjeant, 147
" Captain, 213
Hyde, John, 180
" William, 180

Ince, Mr., 224
Ingham, Mr., 222
Inglis, Rev. Dr., 80
Ipstones, Alice, 194
" William, 195
Ireland, Duke of, 302
Isabella, Queen, 300

Jansen, Cornelius, 357
Joan of Arc, 182
John, King, 257-258
Johnson, Dr., 423
" Samuel, 376, 478
Jones, Arthur, 436
" Colonel, 235-6
" John, 361

Keighley, Henry, 458
" Mary, 458-60
Kelsall, James, 175
_Kendal_, 15
" Earl of, 315
Kent, Fair Maid of, 292, 301, 304
Kenyon, Mr., 122, 476
Kildare, Earl of, 3
_Kinderton_, 215
" Baron of, 188-9, 194, 294, 360
Kingsley, Adam, 301
" Charles, 283
Kingsmill, Alice, 158, 163
" John, 158
Kingston, Earl of, 112
Kirkby, Colonel, 32-3, 37, 40, 42
" _Hall_, 32
" William, 32, 34
_Kirkhead_, 258
_Knight's Low, The_, 347, 394-5
_Knypersley Hall_, 230
_Kyre_, 65