Chapter I: Front Matter

+-------------------------------------------------+ |Transcriber's note: | | | |Obvious typographic errors have been corrected. | | | +-------------------------------------------------+

A

HISTORICAL

AND

DESCRIPTIVE NARRATIVE

OF

TWENTY YEARS' RESIDENCE

IN

SOUTH AMERICA,

_IN THREE VOLUMES_;

CONTAINING TRAVELS IN ARAUCO, CHILE, PERU, AND COLOMBIA;

WITH AN ACCOUNT OF

THE REVOLUTION, ITS RISE, PROGRESS, AND RESULTS.

BY W. B. STEVENSON,

FORMERLY PRIVATE SECRETARY TO THE PRESIDENT AND CAPTAIN GENERAL OF QUITO COLONEL, AND GOVERNOR OF ESMERALDAS, CAPTAIN DE FRAGATA, AND LATE SECRETARY TO THE VICE ADMIRAL OF CHILE,--HIS EXCELLENCY THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LORD COCHRANE, &c.

VOL. II.

LONDON:

HURST, ROBINSON, AND CO. CONSTABLE & Co. AND OLIVER & BOYD, EDINBURGH.

MDCCCXXV.

CONTENTS OF VOL. II.

PAGE CHAP. I.--Farm of Vinto, Cattle, Grain, &c....First Wheat in Peru...._Tapiales_, Fences....Trees, Shrubs, and Plants....Fruit....Animals....Birds....Fish....Appearance of the Villages...._Balsas_....Indian Feast....Indian Burial....Paramonga....Palace of Fortalice 1

CHAP. II.--Visit to Caxatambo....Roads....Manner of Travelling ....Village of Ocros....Cura of Ditto....Indians....Road to Chiquian....Town of Chiquian....Crimes....Mining Laws....Method of working the Ores....Frauds in _Plata Pina_...._Taonas_ and _Ingenios_....Caxatambo...._Repartimientos_....Manufactures.... Inhabitants....Amusements....Road from Caxatambo, _Cuesta_....Farm House and Family....Town of Huaras....Productions of Huailas.... Manufactures of Ditto....Huaras, excellent Mercantile Situation ....Province of Conchucos....Produce, &c....Mines....Oca.... Medicinal Plants....Character of Inhabitants....Procession of St. Peter....Localities in the Province....Enter Huamalies.... Productions...._Coca_...._Charquis_ Cinchona....Mines....Eagle Stones....Fruits...._Mulitas_ and _Quiriquineihos_....Character of Inhabitants....Death of the Inca represented....Observations 24

CHAP. III.--General Mode of Travelling from Lima to the different Provinces....British Manufactures fit for the last Provinces visited....General Character of the Inhabitants.... Animals in the Provinces of Huailas, Caxatambo, Conchucos, and Huamalies....Pagi or Puma....Ucumari....Viscacha....Comadreja ....Ardillas....Gato Montes....Alco....Llama.... Paco....Huanaco ....Vicuna....Mulita....Birds....Condor....Vegetable Productions ....Mineral Ditto....Antiquities....Diseases and Remedies.... Hydrophobia 75

CHAP. IV.--Travels to the North of Lima....Village of Pativilca ....Of Huarmey....Of Casma....Cotton Mill....Santa....River Santa....Nepena....Farm of Motocachi....Vineyard....Port of Santa...._Tambo de Chao_....Viru....Truxillo....Itinerary between Lima and Truxillo....Description of Truxillo....Building ....Inhabitants....Climate....Commerce....Jurisdiction....Arms ....Plain _de Chimu_...._Huaca de Toledo_....Tradition of.... Huanchaco Port....Valleys of Chimu, Chicama, and Viru.... Productions....Road to Caxamarca....Contumasa....Magdalena....Gold Mines....View of Caxamarca....Origin of Name of....Description of....Buildings....Inhabitants....Arts and Manufactures of....Visit to San Pablo....Market of Caxamarca....Trade of....Hot Baths....Description of 107

CHAP. V.--Historical Sketch of Caxamarca, Huaina Capac, Huascar Inca, and Atahualpa....Arrival of Pizarro at Tumpis....At Caxamarca....Spanish Embassy....Harangue of Soto....Answer of Atahualpa....Visit of Atahualpa to Pizarro....Discourse of Friar Vicente Valverde, to Atahualpa....Answer of Atahualpa.... Imprisonment of....Offered Ransom of....Cause of the Jealousy of Pizarro....Arrivals of Treasure....Accusation, for the Trial of Atahualpa....Sentence, Baptism, Execution, and Burial of ....Interesting Remains in Caxamarca 142

CHAP. VI.--Province of Caxamarca....Manufactures, Mines....Village de Jesus....Hawking....Farm of Lagunilla....Inga Tambo....Village of San Marcos....Feast....Wedding....Village of Ichocan....Mine of Gualgayoc....Return to the Coast....Village of Chocope....Of San Pedro....Of Las Lagunas....Of Monsefu....Town of Lambayeque ....Inhabitants, Buildings, New Altar....Manufactures, Soap, Cordovans, Cotton Goods, Sweetmeats....Fruits, Grain, Pulse ....Vegetables....Market...._Algarroba_, Carob Tree....Village of Eten....Of Morrope...._Simarones_....Desert of Sechura....Town of Sechura....City of Piura....Inhabitants, Buildings....Mules ....Manufactures....Climate....Effect on Syphilis....Commerce.... Port of Paita....Excellent Situation for an Astronomical Observatory 166

CHAP. VII.--Leave Lima for Guayaquil...._Amortajado_....Puna ....Arrival of the Spaniards, and Conquest of....Village of ....Inhabitants....Passage up the River Guayaquil...._Punta de Arena_....Guayaquil....Foundation and Description of....Buildings ....Inhabitants....Amusements....Market....Fruit....Climate.... Insects and Reptiles....Dock Yard....Project of Sawing Mills.... Balsa, Description of....Navigation of....Canoes....Merchants of Guayaquil 199

CHAP. VIII.--Productions of the Province of Guayaquil....Cocoa ....Cultivation....Harvest....Tobacco....Timber....Salt....Cattle ....Minor Articles of Trade...._Turbines_ found at Santa Elena ....Large Bones, &c....Animals, _Perico_, _Ligero_....Monkeys ...._Iguanas_....Toucanes...._Trompeteros_....Snakes.... Curiquinqui, Snake-eater...._Huaco_, Antidote for the Bite of Snakes...._Lagartos_, Alligators, Description of....Methods of Killing....Fishermen....Mineral Productions 227

CHAP. IX.--Journey from Guayaquil to Quito....Babaoyo....Road to Chimbo...._Cuesta de San Antonio_....Arrival at Huaranda.... Triumphal Arch and Harangue....Description of Huaranda and Province of Chimbo....Chimboraso....Accident at la Ensillada ....Road to San Juan...._Obrage_ of Indians....Arrival at Riobamba....Description of....Remains of Old Riobamba....Visit to an old Cacique....Province of Riobamba....Road to Ambato ....Description of....Produce....Arrival of Tacunga....Description of....Earthquakes at....Ruins of Callo....Provincial Produce ....Arrival at Chisinchi, Ensillada, and Quito....Remarks 257

CHAP. X.--Quito, Foundation and Situation....Plasa Mayor.... President's Palace, Bishop's Palace and Cathedral....Parishes ....Convents and Public Buildings....Jesuit's College....Convent of San Francisco....San Diego....Santa Prisca....Santa Clara ....University....College of San Luis....Of San Fernando.... Houses....Government....Nobility....Population....White Creoles....Occupation and Education....Character of....Mestisos Persons, Character, Employment....Dress of Creoles....Of Mestisos....Of Indians....Diversions, Bull-fight and Masquerade ....Dancing....Music....Religious Procession....Market, Meat, Fruit and Vegetables....Spirituous Liquors....Ices, Confectionary ....Cheese....Trade and Commerce 279

CHAP. XI.--Visit of the Academicians to Quito in 1736.... Inscription left by....Climate of Quito....View of Mountains at ....Description of Chimboraso....Of Cayambe-urcu....Of Antisana ....Of Cotopaxi....Of Pichincha....Of El Altar....Description of the fertility of the Valleys....Mines....Ruins of Temples, Palaces, and Fortified Places....Account of the Indians....Of Commerce 320

CHAP. XII.--Villa of Ibarra, Description....Villa of Otavala, Description....Lakes San Pablo and Cuicocha....Visit to the River Mapo....Gold Mines on the Banks of....Indians pay their Tribute in Gold....Bæza, the Capital of the District....Description of the Inhabitants, &c....Commissioned by the Government to explore a Road from the Capital to the nearest Point of the Coast.... Maldonado's Road....Leave Quito....Cross the Skirts of Pichincha, arrive at the River Piti....Description of the Country.... Description of Piti....Proceed to Esmeraldas....Description of the River of Jaguar....Houses, Plantations, Cattle....Method of Distilling Rum....Food of the Inhabitants...._Saino_ Tatabra, and _Aguti_, or Huatus....Monkey and Charapa....Method of Killing Game with the _Sorbetana_ and Poisoned _Pua_ 346

CHAP. XIII.--Continuation of Esmeraldas; Fish caught in the River...._Chautisa_, method of taking....Preserving of.... Method of catching Fish in the River....Of Cooking it....Yucas, Camotes, Yams....Palmettos....Tobacco....Cocoa....New variety of....Occupation of the Esmeraldenos....Origin of....Language ....Dress....Manners and Character of....Religion....Re-ascend the Esmeraldas River, to the Embarcadero de Maldonado....Mouth of the River....City of Esmeraldas....Road to Atacames....Port of....Town of...._Manzanillo_....Rio Verdo....La Tola....Country Produce, Timber, and Wood....Coutchouc....Fruit Palms.... Animals....Mines....Conclusion 379

CHAP. XIV.--Visit to Cayapas....Village....Inhabitants....Houses and Furniture....Visit to the Malabas, Wild Indians....Arrival at the Vijia....Interview with the Cacique, Family of.... Tribe of the Malabas....Tradition of the Origin of....Dress of....Manners ....Laws....Return to Cayapas....Visit Tumaco....Description of ....Barbacoas....Description of....Gold Mines....Manner of Working them....Leave the Coast, Malbucho Road....River Mira...._Puentes de Maroma_, and _Taravitas_...._Piquigua_....Arrive at Ibarra, and return to Rio Verde and Esmeraldas....Ascend the River Quinindi....Boa Constrictors....Santo Domingo de los Colorados ....Indians....Dress....Houses....Food Cocaniguas....Quito 408